Method for positioning and collecting geological data in tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and provides a method for positioning and collecting geological data in tunnel construction in order to realize high-precision and high-consistency geological data positioning and collection, which comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing a stake mark system in a tunnel three-dimensional space according to a tunnel axis, nodes of the stake mark system being composed of ordered three-dimensional space points, calculating the distance between the nodes according to the sequence of the nodes, and taking the corresponding accumulated distance as the stake number value of the corresponding stake number; 2, constructing a two-dimensional plane at the stake mark position needing tunnel cross section description, and establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system on the two-dimensional plane; 3, drawing a geologic body contour on a two-dimensional plane based on the two-dimensional coordinate system; and step 4, mapping the geologic body contour to a three-dimensional space based on a stake mark system and a two-dimensional coordinate system. By adopting the above mode, high-precision and high-consistency geological data positioning and collection can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and specifically to a method for positioning and collecting geological data during tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] During tunnel construction, accurately positioning and collecting geological data is crucial. This process not only affects the design and construction quality of the tunnel, but also involves safety and economy. Most current technical solutions rely on traditional measurement and data processing methods, and the following are the main solutions:

[0003] 1. Traditional geological exploration methods

[0004] Drilling and sampling: Obtaining geotechnical samples through drilling and determining the properties of geological bodies through laboratory analysis. This method can provide direct geological information, but often requires a large amount of time and cost.

[0005] Ground penetrating radar: Using a ground penetrating radar system to detect the tunnel and obtain images of underground structures. Although this method is relatively efficient, its imaging resolution is limited by the performance of the equipment, and the data processing is complex.

[0006] 2. Two-dimensional geological data mapping

[0007] Manual drawing: During tunnel construction, relying on on-site survey data to draw two-dimensional geological drawings. This method is simple and intuitive, but is easily affected by human errors and is difficult to update in real time.

[0008] 3. Computer-aided design (CAD) system

[0009] Three-dimensional modeling: Using CAD software to create three-dimensional models for spatial analysis of geological bodies. This method provides more convenience in visualization and analysis, but in practical applications, how to accurately connect these three-dimensional models with the geological data in actual construction is still a challenge.

[0010] The disadvantages or deficiencies of the existing background technology are as follows: 1. Complexity of data processing: Although the existing two-dimensional mapping and three-dimensional modeling technologies provide descriptions of geological bodies, accurately converting geological data from two-dimensional or three-dimensional models into actual construction data during tunnel construction often involves complex calculations and a large amount of manual intervention. This complexity increases the likelihood of errors. 2. Lack of real-time performance: Traditional methods usually rely on manual recording and post-processing, and data updates are not timely enough. In the dynamic environment of tunnel construction, geological data with poor real-time performance may lead to inaccurate construction plans and safety warnings, thus affecting the smooth progress of construction. 3. Precision issues: Despite high-tech means such as ground-penetrating radar and CAD systems, due to limitations in equipment precision and operation techniques, it is often difficult to achieve high-precision acquisition of geological data and accurate restoration of three-dimensional space, which affects the accuracy and reliability of geological data. 4. Integration difficulties: Integrating geological data from different sources (such as drilling data, radar scan data, and hand-drawn drawings) into a consistent three-dimensional data set is still a technical challenge. Existing systems often have difficulty effectively fusing and processing these data, resulting in inconsistent or lost information. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In order to achieve high-precision and highly consistent positioning and collection of geological data, the present application provides a method for positioning and collecting geological data during tunnel construction.

[0012] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is as follows:

[0013] A method for positioning and collecting geological data during tunnel construction, including:

[0014] Step 1: Establish a station number system in the tunnel three-dimensional space according to the tunnel axis. The nodes of the station number system are composed of ordered three-dimensional space points. Calculate the distances between the nodes according to the order of the nodes, and use the corresponding cumulative distance as the station number value of the corresponding station number.

[0015] Step 2: Construct a two-dimensional plane at the station number position where the tunnel cross-section description is required, and establish a two-dimensional coordinate system on the two-dimensional plane.

[0016] Step 3: Draw the contour of the geological body on the two-dimensional plane based on the two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0017] Step 4: Map the contour of the geological body into the three-dimensional space based on the station number system and the two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0018] Further, the specific content of Step 2 is as follows:

[0019] Calculate the spatial vector at the station number position where the tunnel cross-section description is required.

[0020] Construct a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the spatial vector;

[0021] Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system with the intersection point of the mileage node and the two-dimensional plane as the origin.

[0022] Further, the specific content of step 3 is: Draw the shape and contour of the geological body according to the projection of the geological body on the two-dimensional plane or the trace of the actual intersection.

[0023] Further, the specific content of step 4 is: Connect each node in sequence to form a spatial three-dimensional hole axis; Restore the position of the two-dimensional plane to the corresponding position in the three-dimensional space; Restore the geological body contour to the two-dimensional plane in the three-dimensional space.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0025] 1. Precise data integration

[0026] By establishing a mileage system and calculating the cumulative length value between nodes, the complex three-dimensional spatial data is converted into an ordered one-dimensional coordinate system. This conversion ensures the unity and consistency of the data. The construction of the two-dimensional section provides a standardized two-dimensional coordinate system for the description of geological data by calculating the spatial vector and constructing a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the vector. Through these steps, the geological data from different detection means and time points can be systematically integrated into a unified coordinate system, significantly simplifying the data integration process and improving the overall consistency and accuracy of the data.

[0027] 2. Continuous description of geological data

[0028] In the construction of the two-dimensional section, by calculating the spatial vector and constructing a two-dimensional plane at the mileage position to be described, the shape and contour of the geological body can be accurately described on the two-dimensional plane. The geological body drawing step ensures that the contour of the geological body can be accurately presented in the two-dimensional coordinate system and can intuitively show the spatial distribution of the geological body in the tunnel. By converting the three-dimensional spatial data into a two-dimensional section and drawing the geological body on this section, the continuous description of the geological data within the entire length of the tunnel can be realized. This continuity provides a comprehensive understanding of the tunnel geological body and overcomes the defect of discrete data in traditional methods.

[0029] 3. High-precision positioning and restoration

[0030] In the 3D restoration step, through an accurate mileage system and restoration algorithm, the one-dimensional coordinate system can be accurately mapped into the 3D space. The 2D plane position restoration step restores the 2D coordinate system into the 3D space, ensuring the accurate positioning and restoration of 2D data. By establishing an ordered mileage system and a regularized 2D coordinate system, the positioning accuracy and consistency of the data are improved. Finally, the 2D data is accurately restored to the 3D space, significantly improving the spatial positioning accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0031] 4. Simplify the 3D data restoration process

[0032] In the 3D restoration step, by gradually restoring the one-dimensional coordinate system into 3D space data and restoring the 2D data to the 2D plane in the 3D space, a systematic 3D data restoration method is provided. This method simplifies the conversion process from 2D data to 3D space data through standardized steps, reducing the errors and complexities commonly found in traditional 3D modeling, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of data restoration. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for positioning and collecting geological data during tunnel construction;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel 3D space and mileage system;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the 2D section construction and coordinate system;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the drawing of the 2D projection of the geological body;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the 3D restoration process. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

[0038] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0039] As Figure 1 shown, the method for positioning and collecting geological data during tunnel construction includes:

[0040] Step 1: Establish a mileage system in the tunnel 3D space according to the tunnel axis. The nodes of the mileage system are composed of ordered 3D space points. Calculate the distances between the nodes according to the order of the nodes, and use the corresponding cumulative distances as the mileage values of the corresponding mileages.

[0041] In the three-dimensional space of the tunnel, a mileage system is established based on the tunnel axis according to the actual situation of the tunnel. Assume that the tunnel axis runs from the starting point A to the ending point B, and the axis is calibrated by a series of spatial points P1, P2,..., PN. Calculate the distances between adjacent nodes for each node Pi and accumulate them to obtain the mileage value of each node. For example, if the distance from P1 to P2 is 223 meters and the distance from P2 to P3 is 224 meters, then the mileage value of P3 is 447 meters (223 + 224), as Figure 2 shown.

[0042] Step 2: Construct a two-dimensional plane at the mileage position where the cross-section of the tunnel needs to be described, and establish a two-dimensional coordinate system on the two-dimensional plane.

[0043] At the mileage position where the cross-section of the tunnel needs to be described, such as at mileage 100, calculate the spatial vector of the tunnel and construct a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to this vector. Define the length and width of the two-dimensional plane according to the actual span and height of the chamber. For example, the width of the two-dimensional plane is 10 meters and the height is 5 meters. A two-dimensional coordinate system can be established on the two-dimensional plane, with the center point of the two-dimensional plane or the intersection point of the mileage node and the two-dimensional plane as the origin, and the coordinate axes can be defined according to certain rules (such as positive on the left and negative on the right), as Figure 3 shown.

[0044] Step 3: Draw the contour of the geological body on the two-dimensional plane based on the two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0045] Based on the geological exploration data, draw the projection of the geological body on the two-dimensional plane. For example, assume that the contour of a groundwater layer is found on the two-dimensional plane at mileage 100, and its shape is drawn by measurement on the two-dimensional plane. The geological body can also be drawn according to the trace of the actual intersection of the geological body and the two-dimensional plane, as Figure 4 shown.

[0046] Step 4: Map the contour of the geological body into the three-dimensional space based on the mileage system and the two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0047] Connect the nodes in sequence to form a three-dimensional cavity axis in space; restore the position of the two-dimensional plane to the corresponding position in the three-dimensional space; restore the contour of the geological body to the two-dimensional plane in the three-dimensional space, as Figure 5 shown.

[0048] The complete three-dimensional spatial position data of the geological body is obtained through restoration for subsequent analysis and construction decision-making.

[0049] The present invention realizes high-precision data positioning, continuous geological data description, and a simplified three-dimensional data restoration process by one-dimensionalizing three-dimensional space data, constructing a standardized two-dimensional section, accurately drawing geological bodies, and performing systematic three-dimensional restoration. Compared with traditional methods, this technical solution significantly improves the accuracy, consistency, and processing efficiency of data, thereby effectively supporting geological prediction and engineering decision-making in tunnel construction.

Claims

1. A method for locating and collecting geological data in tunnel construction, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Establish a pile number system in the three-dimensional space of the tunnel according to the tunnel axis. The nodes of the pile number system are composed of ordered three-dimensional space points. The distance between each node is calculated according to the order of the nodes, and the corresponding accumulated distance is used as the pile number value of the corresponding pile number; Step 2: construct a two-dimensional plane at the pile number position where the tunnel cross section description is required, and establish a two-dimensional coordinate system on the two-dimensional plane; Step 3: Draw the contour of the geological body on a two-dimensional plane based on a two-dimensional coordinate system; Step 4: Map the geological body contour into three-dimensional space based on the pile number system and the two-dimensional coordinate system.

2. The method for locating and collecting geological data in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 is specifically as follows: Calculate the space vector at the pile position where the tunnel cross section description is required; Construct a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the space vector; A two-dimensional coordinate system is established with the intersection of the pile node and the two-dimensional plane as the origin.

3. The method for locating and collecting geological data in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 specifically includes: drawing the shape and outline of the geological body according to the projection of the geological body on the two-dimensional plane or the real intersecting traces.

4. The method for locating and collecting geological data in tunnel construction according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The step 4 is specifically as follows: connecting the nodes in sequence to form a three-dimensional hole axis; restoring the position of the two-dimensional plane to the corresponding position in the three-dimensional space; and restoring the geological body contour to the two-dimensional plane in the three-dimensional space.

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