Optical fiber monitoring method, device and equipment, storage medium and computer program product

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber monitoring and maintenance, and discloses an optical fiber monitoring method, device and equipment, a storage medium and a computer program product, and the method comprises the steps: enabling pulse light of a preset period to be coupled into a to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator, and generating a backward scattering light signal; converting the backward scattering light signal into an electric pulse signal by using a single-photon detector, and counting the electric pulse signal by using a preset period as a period through a synchronous clock to obtain a counting result; adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to a counting result, and drawing a target signal curve of the to-be-measured low-loss optical fiber based on an adjustment result; and analyzing the target signal curve to obtain a monitoring result of the to-be-measured low-loss optical fiber. The power is dynamically adjusted in different measurement sections, and the multi-section measurement results are superposed, so that the dynamic range of the single-photon optical time domain reflectometer is remarkably expanded, and the loss and dead pixels of the low-loss optical fiber can be reflected more comprehensively and accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of optical fiber monitoring and maintenance, and particularly relates to an optical fiber monitoring method, device, equipment, storage medium, and computer program product. Background Art

[0002] At present, optical fiber communication systems are widely used in long-distance communication networks both internationally and domestically, such as transoceanic cables, intercontinental optical cables, etc. In recent years, with the rapid development of single-photon detectors, they have become more feasible in terms of cost and requirements for the use environment. However, while single-photon OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer) exhibits extremely high detection accuracy, using a fixed input laser pulse power scheme in long-distance optical fibers will encounter new problems: when the input power of the laser pulse is relatively high, the high-amplitude Rayleigh scattering at the front end of the optical fiber may cause the single-photon detector to saturate, seriously affecting the accuracy of the measurement results. And if the power of the input laser pulse is relatively low, as the optical fiber loss accumulates, when the pulse has not reached the end of the optical fiber, the backscattering intensity has already approached the noise tolerance of single-photon monitoring, and it is impossible to fully monitor the optical fiber link. Therefore, it is difficult for single-photon OTDR to comprehensively cover various signal intensity changes that may be encountered in long-distance optical fiber networks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an optical fiber monitoring method, device, equipment, storage medium, and computer program product, aiming to solve the technical problems of insufficient sensitivity and limited dynamic range faced by current single-photon optical time-domain reflectometers when detecting low-loss optical fibers.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application proposes an optical fiber monitoring method, and the optical fiber monitoring method includes:

[0005] Coupling pulsed light with a preset period into a to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattered optical signal;

[0006] Using a single-photon detector to convert the backscattered optical signal into an electrical pulse signal, and counting the electrical pulse signal at the preset period by means of a synchronous clock to obtain a counting result;

[0007] Adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result, and drawing a target signal curve of the to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber based on the adjustment result, where the target signal curve is an optical path loss and reflection curve;

[0008] Analyzing the target signal curve to obtain the monitoring result of the to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber.

[0009] Optionally, the step of adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result and drawing the target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on the adjustment result includes:

[0010] Determine the difference between two adjacent count values according to the counting result, and draw an initial signal curve according to the difference;

[0011] Record the time node when the signal intensity of the backscattered light signal drops to a preset noise threshold;

[0012] Adjust the power of the variable optical attenuator and turn off the single-photon detector;

[0013] When it is detected that the current time reaches the time node, turn on the single-photon detector and continue to draw the initial signal curve to obtain the target signal curve.

[0014] Optionally, the step of adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator and turning off the single-photon detector includes:

[0015] Calculate the target power value of the variable optical attenuator based on the time node and a preset power adjustment strategy;

[0016] Adjust the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the target power value;

[0017] When it is detected that the current time has not reached the time node, control the gating signal to turn off the single-photon detector.

[0018] Optionally, the step of, when it is detected that the current time reaches the time node, turning on the single-photon detector and continuing to draw the initial signal curve to obtain the target signal curve includes:

[0019] When it is detected that the current time reaches the time node, turn on the single-photon detector;

[0020] Calibrate the parameter settings of the single-photon detector;

[0021] Using the end time of the initial signal curve as the starting point for the current curve drawing according to the calibrated single-photon detector, continue to draw the initial signal curve to generate the target signal curve.

[0022] Optionally, before the step of coupling pulsed light of a preset period into the low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattered light signal, it further includes:

[0023] Obtain the measurement requirements of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured, and adjust the parameter configuration of the pulse signal generator according to the measurement requirements;

[0024] Generate pulsed light with a preset period based on the adjusted pulse signal generator.

[0025] Optionally, the step of analyzing the target signal curve to obtain the monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured includes:

[0026] Analyze the slope change of the target signal curve to determine whether there is an abnormal loss area in the low-loss optical fiber to be measured, and obtain the first monitoring result;

[0027] Detect the mutation points in the target signal curve to determine whether there is a break point or a reflection point in the low-loss optical fiber to be measured, and obtain the second monitoring result;

[0028] Generate a measurement report of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured according to the first monitoring result and the second monitoring result.

[0029] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application also proposes an optical fiber monitoring device, which includes:

[0030] A signal generation module, configured to couple pulsed light with a preset period into the low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattered optical signal;

[0031] A signal counting module, configured to convert the backscattered optical signal into an electrical pulse signal by using a single-photon detector, and count the electrical pulse signal with the preset period as the period through a synchronous clock to obtain a counting result;

[0032] A curve generation module, configured to adjust the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result, and draw a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on the adjustment result, where the target signal curve is an optical path loss and reflection curve;

[0033] A result analysis module, configured to analyze the target signal curve to obtain the monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured.

[0034] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application also proposes an optical fiber monitoring device, which includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the optical fiber monitoring method as described above.

[0035] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application also proposes a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program is stored on the storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the optical fiber monitoring method as described above.

[0036] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the optical fiber monitoring method described above are implemented.

[0037] In the present application, it is disclosed that pulsed light with a preset period is coupled into a low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattered optical signal; a single-photon detector is used to convert the backscattered optical signal into an electrical pulse signal, and the electrical pulse signal is counted at the preset period by a synchronous clock to obtain a counting result; the power of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted according to the counting result, and a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured is drawn based on the adjustment result; the target signal curve is analyzed to obtain the monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured. By introducing technologies such as a single-photon detector, dynamic power adjustment, and a gating signal, this method realizes a significant improvement in high sensitivity, high resolution, and dynamic range. By dynamically adjusting the power within different measurement segments and superimposing the measurement results of multiple segments, the dynamic range of the optical time domain reflectometer is significantly expanded, and it can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the loss and bad points of the low-loss optical fiber, especially suitable for high-precision and high-dynamic detection of long-distance and low-loss optical fibers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present application, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present application.

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a working flowchart of the optical time domain reflectometer of the present application;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic flowchart of the second embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of the present application;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a system structure diagram of the optical time domain reflectometer measurement system of the present application;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic flowchart of the third embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of the present application;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the optical fiber monitoring device according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the hardware operating environment involved in the optical fiber monitoring method according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0047] The implementation, functional characteristics and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Specific Embodiments

[0048] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the technical solutions of the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0049] In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the following will be described in detail in combination with the drawings of the specification and specific embodiments.

[0050] The main solution of the embodiment of the present application is: based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator, pulse light with a preset period is coupled into the low-loss optical fiber to be measured to generate a backscattered light signal; a single-photon detector is used to convert the backscattered light signal into an electrical pulse signal, and the electrical pulse signal is counted by a synchronous clock with the preset period as the period to obtain a counting result; the power of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted according to the counting result, and a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured is drawn based on the adjustment result; the target signal curve is analyzed to obtain the monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured.

[0051] At present, fiber optic communication systems are widely used in long-distance communication networks both internationally and domestically, such as transoceanic cables, intercontinental optical cables, etc. These networks require high-speed and high-capacity information transmission capabilities. Optical fibers, with their low-loss and high-bandwidth characteristics, have become the first choice, providing guarantees for the growing demand for mobile communication data traffic. In recent years, with the rapid development of single-photon detectors, they have become more feasible in terms of cost and requirements for the use environment. Traditional OTDR configurations perform well when measuring conventional optical fibers and can meet the basic loss measurement and fault location requirements. Its advantages lie in the relatively simple system structure, low cost, convenient operation and maintenance, and stable and reliable performance in long-distance optical fiber systems or medium-loss optical fiber systems. However, with the widespread application of long-distance optical fiber systems and low-loss optical fibers, the technical deficiencies of traditional OTDRs have become increasingly prominent. The primary problem is insufficient measurement sensitivity. Traditional optoelectronic detectors are difficult to accurately capture and distinguish weak reflection signals in ultra-low-loss optical fibers, resulting in large errors in measurement results or completely unable to obtain valid data. Secondly, the limited dynamic range severely restricts the application scope of OTDRs. The system is difficult to balance measurement accuracy and coverage when facing optical fiber segments with significantly different loss characteristics. In addition, traditional OTDRs have problems with insufficient spatial resolution when dealing with complex optical fiber networks and are difficult to accurately locate adjacent fault points, especially performing poorly in dense optical fiber networks. In terms of measurement speed, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, traditional systems often need to perform multiple measurements and take the average, which significantly increases the measurement time and reduces the efficiency. At the same time, traditional OTDRs are relatively sensitive to environmental factors (such as temperature fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, etc.), and the repeatability and reliability of measurement results are difficult to guarantee. In fiber optic sensing applications, due to the lack of precise detection ability for weak signals, traditional OTDRs are difficult to meet the strict requirements of high-precision sensing systems for signal detection. These technical limitations not only affect the application effect of OTDRs in modern fiber optic communication networks but also restrict their expansion in emerging application fields (such as quantum communication, high-precision fiber optic sensing, etc.).

[0052] Therefore, the present application provides a four-in-one solution that incorporates an optical fiber amplifier, a single-photon detector, dynamically adjusts the input power of a laser, and a dynamic gating system to control the single-photon detector. When detecting at the front end of a long-distance optical fiber, a low-power laser pulse is introduced while using a gating signal to turn off the optical fiber amplifier, avoiding the occurrence of the "blinding problem" of the single-photon detector. In the back-end detection, due to the loss problem of the optical fiber, if a fixed laser pulse power is still used, the backscattering signal caused by the optical fiber loss will be submerged by noise, resulting in a decrease in detection sensitivity or even misjudgment. At this time, the optical fiber amplifier is activated, the power of the laser pulse is increased, and the single-photon detector is turned off during the front-end detection process of the optical fiber by cooperating with the gating signal, so that the (n + 1)-th detection can be started after the n-th detection position, and a large detection dynamic range can be obtained through the superposition of multiple signals. Upgrading the conventional detector to a single-photon detector in the present application is an effective improvement scheme, which greatly improves the detection sensitivity and accuracy of OTDR, enabling accurate measurement even at extremely low signal levels. Moreover, by integrating advanced single-photon detection technology and adaptive laser pulse adjustment technology, the present application can avoid the interference of high-amplitude Rayleigh scattering to the detector while ensuring high sensitivity, enabling the single-photon OTDR to achieve more accurate and efficient measurement in various complex long-distance optical fiber networks.

[0053] It should be noted that the execution subject of this embodiment can be a computing service device with signal generation, signal processing, and program running functions, or an electronic device capable of implementing the above functions, etc. Taking the optical time domain reflectometer measurement system as an example, this embodiment and the following embodiments will be described.

[0054] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical fiber monitoring method, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of the present application.

[0055] In this embodiment, the optical fiber monitoring method includes:

[0056] Step S10, coupling pulsed light with a preset period into the low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattering optical signal.

[0057] It should be noted that an optical fiber amplifier is a device that can amplify optical signals. When the input optical signal passes through, it will induce high-energy-level ions to transition to low-energy levels, generating photons identical to the input signal to achieve the amplification of the optical signal, enhance the intensity of the backscattered optical signal, and facilitate subsequent detection. A variable optical attenuator is an optical device that can adjust the intensity of an optical signal. By changing its own absorption, reflection, or scattering degree of light, it precisely controls the attenuation amount of the optical power, thereby adjusting the pulsed optical power entering the low-loss optical fiber to be measured and avoiding damage to the detector due to excessive optical power or difficulty in detecting the signal due to too low optical power. Pulsed light is an optical pulse sequence generated at preset time intervals and pulse widths. Its period determines the time resolution of the measurement, and the pulse width affects the spatial resolution. The low-loss optical fiber to be measured is an optical fiber that needs to be subjected to performance detection and has the characteristic of low signal transmission loss. The backscattered optical signal is when pulsed light propagates in an optical fiber, due to microscopic inhomogeneities inside the optical fiber (such as atomic density fluctuations, impurities, etc.), part of the light will be scattered in all directions, and the scattered light propagating in the reverse direction along the optical fiber is the backscattered optical signal, which carries information such as the loss and defects of the optical fiber and is the key signal for optical time domain reflectometry to perform measurement and analysis.

[0058] Specifically, a pulsed light with a preset pulse time is generated by a pulse generator. This pulsed light enters the optical fiber amplifier, and the optical signal is amplified by the amplifier to increase the optical power. Then, the power of the amplified optical signal is adjusted by the variable optical attenuator to make it reach the input power range suitable for the low-loss optical fiber to be measured. Finally, the pulsed light with adjusted power is efficiently coupled into the low-loss optical fiber to be measured through an optical coupler. When the pulsed light propagates in the optical fiber, a backscattered optical signal is generated. Subsequently, by detecting and analyzing the backscattered optical signal, information such as the loss and fault location of the optical fiber can be obtained, and a comprehensive measurement and evaluation of the optical fiber can be achieved.

[0059] Furthermore, in order to make the generated pulsed light more in line with the actual situation of the optical fiber and enhance the quality and detectability of the backscattered optical signal. Before the step S10, it also includes:

[0060] Obtain the measurement requirements of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured, and adjust the parameter configuration of the pulse signal generator according to the measurement requirements; generate pulsed light with a preset period based on the adjusted pulse signal generator.

[0061] It is understandable that when performing optical time domain reflectometry measurements, different low-loss optical fibers to be tested have different emphasis and accuracy requirements due to different application scenarios and transmission requirements. For example, if used for long-distance optical fiber network monitoring, more attention is paid to optical fiber loss and long-distance fault location, and the measurement requirements tend to be high-sensitivity and large dynamic range measurements; if used for short-distance, high-precision optical fiber sensing systems, more attention will be paid to spatial resolution and detection of small loss changes. After the adjustment is completed, the pulse signal generator works according to the new parameter settings to generate stable preset period pulse light, greatly improving the reliability and effectiveness of optical time domain reflectometry measurements.

[0062] Step S20, using a single photon detector to convert the backscattered light signal into an electrical pulse signal, and using a synchronous clock to count the electrical pulse signal with the preset period as a period to obtain a counting result.

[0063] It should be understood that a single-photon detector is a photoelectric device that can detect a single photon. It has extremely high sensitivity and can detect extremely weak light signals. The pulse characteristics of the electrical pulse signal (such as amplitude, frequency, etc.) are related to the intensity of the backscattered light signal, the number of photons, etc., and the relevant parameters of the optical fiber can be obtained by subsequent analysis of the electrical pulse signal. A synchronous clock is a device that can generate precise time signals. In this measurement process, the time signal it generates is synchronized with the pulse light of a preset period, providing a unified time reference for counting electrical pulse signals, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the count, and ensuring that the start and end times of each count are the same, so that the counting results can accurately reflect the characteristics of the backscattered light signal. The counting result reflects the number of electrical pulses converted from the backscattered light signal in each preset period, which is closely related to the loss, defects and other characteristics of the optical fiber.

[0064] It is understandable that when the single-photon detector receives the backscattered light signal generated by the optical fiber, it uses its internal photoelectric conversion mechanism to convert the light signal into an electrical pulse signal. Then, the synchronous clock starts timing according to the preset period, and counts the converted electrical pulse signal in each preset period. By repeating this process continuously, the counting results of multiple preset periods are obtained. These counting results can reflect the changes of the backscattered light signal over time, and then be used to analyze the characteristics of different positions of the optical fiber. Therefore, upgrading the conventional detector to a single-photon detector in this application is an effective improvement solution, which greatly improves the detection sensitivity and accuracy of the OTDR, so that accurate measurement can be achieved even at extremely low signal levels.

[0065] Step S30, adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result, and drawing a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested based on the adjustment result, wherein the target signal curve is an optical path loss and reflection curve.

[0066] It should be noted that the target signal curve is the optical path loss and reflection curve of the optical fiber to be tested. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is the number of photons per unit time. When the periodic wide pulse light enters the optical path system, the starting point of the curve of the n+1th test is the end of the time of the nth test.

[0067] It is understandable that by dynamically adjusting the laser input power to adapt to changes in signal strength, the output power parameters can be automatically optimized according to different measurement scenarios, significantly expanding the dynamic measurement range of the device, so that the loss range that can be covered by a single measurement is increased to more than 40dB. This feature enables the system to simultaneously meet the measurement needs of high-loss and low-loss fiber segments. When the counting results show that the backscattered light signal is too weak, close to or below the noise level, it is necessary to reduce the attenuation of the variable optical attenuator and increase the pulse light power entering the optical fiber. By continuously adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting results, the backscattered light signal is in the appropriate intensity range, which is convenient for accurate measurement.

[0068] It should be understood that in terms of dynamic power regulation, a pre-programmed segmented regulation scheme can be used instead of real-time adaptive regulation, and step-by-step power adjustment can be performed through preset power regulation optical path loss and reflection curves and fixed time nodes. Tunable lasers can also be used instead of fixed wavelength lasers combined with variable optical attenuators to directly achieve power regulation by adjusting the laser output characteristics.

[0069] Step S40: Analyze the target signal curve to obtain a monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested.

[0070] It should be understood that the monitoring results cover various performance indicators and status information of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested, including but not limited to the overall loss value of the optical fiber, the location and degree of local abnormal loss areas, the presence of breakage or damage points and their precise locations, quality assessment of optical fiber connection parts, etc. It is a comprehensive assessment conclusion of the current condition of the optical fiber.

[0071] It should be understood that when obtaining accurate information of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured from the target signal curve, first, the optical path loss and the trend of the reflection curve are analyzed. Under normal circumstances, the optical path loss and the reflection curve should gradually decay as the fiber length increases. If there are abnormal fluctuations, such as sudden rises or falls, it indicates that there is a problem with the optical fiber. For a suddenly rising peak, it may indicate a strong reflection point, such as a fiber break or a poor connection point; while for a suddenly falling valley, it means that the optical fiber loss at this point increases abnormally. Secondly, it is a threshold-based judgment. By setting reasonable loss thresholds and reflection thresholds, the data on the optical path loss and reflection curve are compared with them. If the loss value at a certain position exceeds the loss threshold, it indicates that the optical fiber loss at this position is too large; if the reflection value exceeds the reflection threshold, there may be a fault point. Data fitting and trend prediction algorithms can also be used to fit the optical path loss and reflection curve, remove noise interference, more clearly present the change trend of the optical fiber loss, and predict possible problems that may occur in the future for the low-loss optical fiber to be measured.

[0072] For the sake of easy understanding, an actual situation is taken as an example, but it does not limit this application. In an example, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is the working flow chart of the optical time domain reflectometer of this application. The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) scheme described in the figure integrates the technical advantages of a single-photon detector and a pulse function arbitrary noise generator, realizes the adaptive dynamic power adjustment of the single-photon detector signal, and solves the problems of insufficient sensitivity and limited dynamic range faced by traditional OTDR when detecting low-loss optical fibers.

[0073] First, control the pulse signal generator and the optical fiber amplifier, adjust the variable optical attenuator, input periodic laser pulses into the low-loss optical fiber to be measured, and generate a backscattered optical signal; then, convert the backscattered optical signal generated by the optical path of the optical fiber to be measured into an electrical pulse signal through a single-photon detector, and count the electrical pulse signal through a single-photon technology system. The counting clock is synchronized with the generation clock of the periodic wide pulse light; after the detection of the electrical pulse signal is completed, draw the loss and reflection curves of the optical path of the optical fiber to be measured according to the difference between the count values obtained from every two adjacent counts; if the detection of the electrical pulse signal is not completed, record the time node when the backscattering in the optical fiber detected by the single-photon technology system drops to the same level as the noise this time. Then, control the signal generator to adjust the gating signal and turn off the single-photon detector to avoid damage to the single-photon detection device caused by too many backscattered photons at the front end of the optical fiber; secondly, adjust the laser pulse gain of the variable optical attenuator to increase the laser power; after reaching the time node, turn on the single-photon detector again, and continue to draw the loss and reflection curves of the optical path system at the same time. Repeat this step until the measurement of the optical path system is completely completed.

[0074] It can be understood that this solution uses a single-photon detector to replace the traditional optoelectronic detector, achieving ultra-high sensitivity detection at the single-photon level. At the same time, an adaptive dynamic power adjustment mechanism based on time nodes is introduced, breaking through the limitations of the traditional fixed-power scheme. Its unique time-node trigger gating signal dynamic protection mechanism ensures the optimal balance between the safety of the detector and the measurement efficiency. The data acquisition method of segmented measurement and real-time stitching significantly improves the measurement accuracy and range. By integrating advanced single-photon detection technology and adaptive laser pulse adjustment technology, it can avoid the interference of high-amplitude Rayleigh scattering on the detector while ensuring high sensitivity, enabling the single-photon OTDR to achieve more accurate and efficient measurements in various complex long-distance fiber optic networks.

[0075] In this embodiment, pulsed light with a preset period is coupled into the low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattered light signal. The single-photon detector is used to convert the backscattered light signal into an electrical pulse signal, and the electrical pulse signal is counted by a synchronous clock with the preset period as the period to obtain a counting result. The power of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted according to the counting result, and a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured is drawn based on the adjustment result. The target signal curve is analyzed to obtain the monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured. By introducing technologies such as single-photon detectors, dynamic power adjustment, and gating signals, this application has achieved a significant improvement in high sensitivity, high resolution, and dynamic range. By dynamically adjusting the power within different measurement segments and superimposing the measurement results of multiple segments, the dynamic range of the optical time domain reflectometer is significantly expanded, and it can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the loss and bad points of the low-loss optical fiber, especially suitable for high-precision and high-dynamic detection of long-distance and low-loss optical fibers.

[0076] Refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of the second embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of this application. Based on the above first embodiment, the second embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of this application is proposed.

[0077] In the second embodiment, step S30 includes:

[0078] Step S301, determine the difference between adjacent two count values according to the counting result, and draw an initial signal curve according to the difference.

[0079] It should be understood that the difference between adjacent two count values can reflect the change of the backscattered light signal intensity within two adjacent preset periods, which helps to discover the tiny fluctuations and abnormal changes of the signal in the optical fiber. The initial signal curve can be the loss and reflection curve of the initial optical path of the optical fiber to be measured, or the curve drawn when the power of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted.

[0080] Step S302: Record the time node when the signal intensity of the backscattered light signal drops to a preset noise threshold.

[0081] It should be understood that the preset noise threshold is a signal intensity value preset before measurement, which is used to distinguish effective signals from noise. When the signal intensity of the backscattered light signal drops to this threshold and below, it indicates that the signal has become so weak that it is close to or at the noise level, and subsequent measurement data may be affected by noise interference and become inaccurate.

[0082] It can be understood that when the optical time domain reflectometer is working, it continuously monitors the intensity of the backscattered light signal, compares the real-time monitored signal intensity with the preset noise threshold. Once the signal intensity drops to the preset noise threshold, the measurement time at this moment is immediately recorded, and this time is the required time node. When the signal intensity of the backscattered light signal drops to the preset noise threshold, the power of the variable optical attenuator can be adjusted to significantly expand the dynamic range of the single-photon OTDR without sacrificing the resolution.

[0083] Step S303: Adjust the power of the variable optical attenuator and turn off the single-photon detector.

[0084] It should be understood that when the signal intensity of the backscattered light signal drops to the preset noise threshold, the signal is too weak to meet the measurement accuracy requirements, and it is necessary to reduce the attenuation amount and increase the optical power. Stop the working state of the single-photon detector so that it no longer detects and converts the optical signal, aiming to protect the detector from damage by strong light or avoid interfering with the measurement results in a specific measurement stage.

[0085] Furthermore, to avoid saturation of the single-photon detector caused by strong reflection signals, step S303 may include:

[0086] Based on the time node and a preset power adjustment strategy, calculate the target power value of the variable optical attenuator; adjust the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the target power value; when it is detected that the current time has not reached the time node, control the gating signal to turn off the single-photon detector.

[0087] It can be understood that the calculation is carried out based on the previously recorded time nodes and the preset power adjustment strategy. Among them, the power adjustment strategy may consider various factors, such as the length of the optical fiber, loss characteristics, etc. Through the comprehensive analysis of the time nodes and these factors, the target power value that the variable optical attenuator should reach is calculated. Then, the power of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted to this target power value to ensure that the intensity of the optical signal entering the optical fiber is appropriate, so that the backscattered optical signal can be accurately detected. At the same time, during the measurement process, the relationship between the current time and the time node is also monitored in real time. When it is detected that the current time has not reached the time node, it indicates that there may be a strong optical signal at this time. At the same time, in order to protect the single-photon detector from being damaged by the over-strong optical signal or avoid interfering with the measurement results, the single-photon detector can be turned off by controlling the gating signal. After the current time reaches or exceeds the time node, the gating signal is controlled to turn on the single-photon detector according to the actual situation, and the measurement continues.

[0088] It should be understood that in terms of detector protection, an optical switch matrix can also be used in conjunction with an optical fiber delay line to achieve hierarchical processing of signal intensity in a pure optical manner. In terms of the data acquisition strategy, frequency division multiplexing technology can also be adopted, using detection optical pulses of different frequencies to measure different sections simultaneously, separating signals through frequency identification, and implementing a time-segmented measurement scheme.

[0089] Step S304, when it is detected that the current time reaches the time node, turn on the single-photon detector and continue to draw the initial signal curve to obtain the target signal curve.

[0090] It can be understood that when it is detected that the current time reaches the previously recorded time node, the single-photon detector is turned on, so that it starts to detect and convert the backscattered optical signal again. Continue to follow the method of determining the difference between adjacent count values and drawing the curve before, and continuously add new data points on the basis of the existing initial signal curve, and continuously draw the curve.

[0091] Furthermore, in order to ensure the sensitivity of the detector to subsequent weak signals and prevent the detection efficiency from being reduced due to the influence of previous strong reflection signals, the step S304 may include:

[0092] When it is detected that the current time reaches the time node, turn on the single-photon detector; calibrate the parameter settings of the single-photon detector; use the time end of the initial signal curve as the starting point for the current curve drawing according to the calibrated single-photon detector, and continue to draw the initial signal curve to generate the target signal curve.

[0093] It should be understood that when the current time is detected to reach the pre-recorded time node, in order to ensure the measurement accuracy of the detector, its parameter settings need to be calibrated to eliminate possible system errors. After the calibration is completed, the time end of the initial signal curve is used as a new starting point to continue collecting data on the backscattered light signal.

[0094] In one example, reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a system structure diagram of the optical time domain reflectometer measurement system of this application. In the optical time domain reflectometer measurement system, the pulse generator emits an electrical pulse signal with specific frequency and time characteristics to drive the pulse laser to generate an optical pulse. In order to ensure that the optical fiber over a longer distance can be effectively detected, the optical fiber amplifier will amplify the power of the generated optical pulse to increase its energy intensity. The variable optical attenuator accurately adjusts the power of the optical signal according to the measurement requirements so that the optical power entering the optical fiber to be measured is within a suitable range, which not only avoids excessive power from damaging the optical fiber or detector, but also prevents the backscattered signal from being weak and difficult to detect due to too low power. The optical pulse with adjusted power is smoothly injected into the optical fiber to be measured through the optical coupler. When the optical pulse propagates in the optical fiber to be measured, due to the inhomogeneity of the microstructure inside the optical fiber, Rayleigh scattering and other phenomena will occur, and part of the scattered light will return along the path opposite to the propagation direction of the optical pulse to form a backscattered light signal. These backscattered light signals contain important information such as the loss at different positions of the optical fiber and whether there are defects. With its extremely high sensitivity, the single-photon detector can capture these weak backscattered light signals and convert them into electrical pulse signals. The time-correlated single-photon counting module accurately counts these electrical pulse signals. In addition, the gating signal plays a role of precise control in this process. It is generated by the pulse function noise generator and can turn on the single-photon detector at the appropriate time according to the measurement needs, so that it can detect the backscattered light signal; when the detection is not needed, the detector is turned off in time, which can avoid unnecessary interference from the light signal to the detector and ensure the accuracy of the measurement. The computer is the data processing and control center of the entire measurement system. It controls the operation of devices such as pulse generators, fiber amplifiers and pulse function noise generators, and receives counting data from the time-correlated single-photon counting module. The computer will draw and present the curve based on known parameters such as the speed of light propagation in the optical fiber. Technicians can make a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the optical fiber based on these results.

[0095] In this embodiment, the difference between two adjacent count values is determined according to the counting result, and an initial signal curve is plotted according to the difference; the time node when the signal intensity of the backscattered light signal drops to a preset noise threshold is recorded; the power of the variable optical attenuator is adjusted, and the single-photon detector is turned off; when it is detected that the current time reaches the time node, the single-photon detector is turned on, and the initial signal curve is continuously plotted to obtain a target signal curve. By dynamically adjusting the input power of the laser in different measurement segments to adapt to the change of signal strength, the (n + 1)-th detection is started after the n-th detection position, and a large detection dynamic range is obtained through the superposition of multiple signals.

[0096] Referring to Figure 5 , Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic flowchart of the third embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of the present application. Based on the above second embodiment, the third embodiment of the optical fiber monitoring method of the present application is proposed.

[0097] In the third embodiment, the step S40 includes:

[0098] Step S401, analyzing the slope change of the target signal curve, determining whether there is a loss abnormal area in the to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber, and obtaining a first monitoring result.

[0099] It should be understood that the target signal curve reflects the change of the backscattered light signal intensity in the to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber over time (corresponding to the optical fiber position). When light propagates in an optical fiber, its loss is related to the backscattered light signal intensity. Under normal circumstances, the loss of the optical fiber is relatively uniform and the curve slope is relatively stable. When there is a loss abnormal area in the optical fiber, such as local bending, impurity mixing or damage, the optical loss in this area will change, which will in turn cause the backscattered light signal intensity to change, and the abnormal change of the slope is reflected on the target signal curve.

[0100] It can be understood that when determining the first monitoring result, the slope of each small segment curve of the target signal curve can be calculated and compared with a set threshold. If the slope of a certain small segment curve exceeds the normal range threshold, it indicates that the optical fiber area corresponding to this position may have a loss abnormality and can be preliminarily judged as a loss abnormal area; if the slopes of all small segment curves are within the threshold range, it is considered that there is no loss abnormal area in the to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber.

[0101] Step S402, detecting the mutation points in the target signal curve, determining whether there is a break point or a reflection point in the to-be-detected low-loss optical fiber, and obtaining a second monitoring result.

[0102] It should be understood that during the detection process, if there is a break point in the optical fiber, the optical signal will undergo total reflection or severe scattering at the break point, resulting in an instant significant increase in the intensity of the backscattered optical signal, which is manifested as an upward mutation point on the target signal curve; if there is a reflection point (such as an optical fiber connection point, a local refractive index change point, etc.), it will also cause an abnormal change in the intensity of the backscattered optical signal, forming a mutation point.

[0103] It can be understood that when determining the second monitoring result, a suitable mutation threshold can be set according to the characteristics of the optical fiber and measurement experience to distinguish normal signal fluctuations from real mutation points. Compare the calculated signal intensity change rate with the mutation threshold. When the change rate exceeds the threshold, mark the data point and its nearby area as potential mutation points. By observing the distribution of data points near the mutation point, the signal intensity change trend, etc., exclude misjudgments caused by noise or measurement errors. If the data points near the mutation point show obvious abnormal changes and conform to the signal change characteristics caused by a break point or a reflection point, then determine that point as a real mutation point.

[0104] Step S403, generate a measurement report for the low-loss optical fiber to be measured according to the first monitoring result and the second monitoring result.

[0105] It can be understood that according to the first and second monitoring results, a comprehensive evaluation of the overall condition of the optical fiber can be carried out. If the optical fiber simultaneously has an area with abnormal loss and a break point or a reflection point, it indicates that the condition of the optical fiber is poor and it needs to be maintained or replaced in a timely manner. For an optical fiber with abnormal loss but no break point or severe reflection point, corresponding repair measures can be recommended, such as adjusting the bent part, cleaning impurities, etc., to improve the performance of the optical fiber. For an optical fiber with only a small number of reflection points that do not affect normal use, regular monitoring can be recommended to observe whether the reflection points will deteriorate over time.

[0106] In this embodiment, analyze the slope change of the target signal curve to determine whether there is an area with abnormal loss in the low-loss optical fiber to be measured, and obtain the first monitoring result; detect the mutation points in the target signal curve to determine whether there are break points or reflection points in the low-loss optical fiber to be measured, and obtain the second monitoring result; generate a measurement report for the low-loss optical fiber to be measured according to the first monitoring result and the second monitoring result. By analyzing the measurement curve, quickly locate the possible loss problems and faults in the optical fiber, which is convenient for subsequent maintenance of the optical fiber.

[0107] It should be noted that the above examples are only for understanding the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the optical fiber monitoring method of the present application. Based on this technical concept, more forms of simple transformations are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0108] The present application also provides an optical fiber monitoring device. Please refer toFigure 6 , the optical fiber monitoring device includes:

[0109] A signal generation module 10, configured to couple pulsed light with a preset period into a low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator, and generate a backscattered light signal;

[0110] A signal counting module 20, configured to convert the backscattered light signal into an electrical pulse signal by using a single-photon detector, and count the electrical pulse signal at the preset period by using a synchronous clock to obtain a counting result;

[0111] A curve generation module 30, configured to adjust the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result, and draw a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured based on the adjustment result, where the target signal curve is an optical path loss and reflection curve;

[0112] A result analysis module 40, configured to analyze the target signal curve to obtain a monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be measured.

[0113] The optical fiber monitoring device provided in this application adopts the optical fiber monitoring method in the above embodiment, and can solve the technical problems of insufficient sensitivity and limited dynamic range faced by the current single-photon optical time domain reflectometer when detecting low-loss optical fibers. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the optical fiber monitoring device provided in this application are the same as those of the optical fiber monitoring method provided in the above embodiment, and other technical features in the optical fiber monitoring device are the same as those disclosed in the method of the above embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0114] This application provides an optical fiber monitoring device, which includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the optical fiber monitoring method in the first embodiment above.

[0115] Next, refer to Figure 7 , which shows a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber monitoring device suitable for implementing the embodiments of this application. The optical fiber monitoring device in the embodiments of this application may include, but is not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant), PADs (Portable Application Description), PMPs (Portable Media Player), in-vehicle terminals (such as in-vehicle navigation terminals), etc., and fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers. Figure 7The fiber optic monitoring device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitations on the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

[0116] As Figure 7 shown, the fiber optic monitoring device may include a processing device 1001 (such as a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the program stored in the read-only memory 1002 or the program loaded from the storage device 1003 into the random access memory 1004. In the random access memory 1004, various programs and data required for the operation of the fiber optic monitoring device are also stored. The processing device 1001, the read-only memory 1002, and the random access memory 1004 are connected to each other through a bus 1005. The input / output interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Generally, the following systems may be connected to the input / output interface 1006: an input device 1007 including, for example, a touch screen, a touchpad, a keyboard, a mouse, an image sensor, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc.; an output device 1008 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display), a speaker, a vibrator, etc.; a storage device 1003 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, etc.; and a communication device 1009. The communication device 1009 may allow the fiber optic monitoring device to communicate with other devices wirelessly or wiredly to exchange data. Although the figure shows a fiber optic monitoring device with various systems, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all the systems shown. Instead, more or fewer systems may be implemented or had.

[0117] Specifically, according to the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, the embodiments disclosed in the present application include a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program contains program codes for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the network through the communication device, or installed from the storage device 1003, or installed from the read-only memory 1002. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 1001, the above functions defined in the method of the embodiments disclosed in the present application are executed.

[0118] The fiber optic monitoring device provided by the present application adopts the fiber optic monitoring method in the above embodiments, and can solve the technical problems of insufficient sensitivity and limited dynamic range faced by current single-photon optical time domain reflectometers when detecting low-loss optical fibers. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the fiber optic monitoring device provided by the present application are the same as those of the fiber optic monitoring method provided by the above embodiments, and other technical features in the fiber optic monitoring device are the same as those disclosed in the method of the previous embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0119] It should be understood that each part disclosed in this application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0120] As described above, the above is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and all of them should be covered by the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

[0121] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (i.e., computer programs) stored thereon, and the computer-readable program instructions are used to execute the optical fiber monitoring method in the above embodiments.

[0122] The computer-readable storage medium provided by this application can be, for example, a USB flash drive, but is not limited to electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to: electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or flash memory, optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the above. In this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and this program can be used by or combined with an instruction execution system, device, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium can be transmitted by any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (Radio Frequency), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0123] The above computer-readable storage medium can be included in the optical fiber monitoring device; it can also exist separately without being assembled into the optical fiber monitoring device.

[0124] The above computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs. When the above one or more programs are executed by the optical fiber monitoring device, the optical fiber monitoring device is caused to execute the optical fiber monitoring method described above.

[0125] Computer program code for performing the operations of this application can be written in one or more programming languages or combinations thereof. The above-mentioned programming languages include object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and also include conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, executed as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN: Local Area Network) or a wide area network (WAN: Wide Area Network), or it can be connected to an external computer (for example, by using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet).

[0126] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code that contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks shown may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system for performing the specified functions or operations, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0127] The modules described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in software or in hardware. Among them, the name of the module does not constitute a limitation on the unit itself in some cases.

[0128] The readable storage medium provided in this application is a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable program instructions (i.e., computer programs) for performing the above-mentioned optical fiber monitoring method, and can solve the technical problems of insufficient sensitivity and limited dynamic range of current single-photon optical time domain reflectometers when detecting low-loss optical fibers. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application are the same as those of the optical fiber monitoring method provided in the above embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0129] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the optical fiber monitoring method as described above.

[0130] The computer program product provided by the present application can solve the technical problems of insufficient sensitivity and limited dynamic range faced by current single-photon optical time domain reflectometers when detecting low-loss optical fibers. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the computer program product provided by the present application are the same as those of the optical fiber monitoring method provided by the above embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0131] The above are only partial embodiments of the present application, and thus do not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the technical concept of the present application by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present application, or any direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring optical fiber, characterized in that: The optical fiber monitoring method comprises: Based on the optical fiber amplifier and the variable optical attenuator, pulse light of a preset period is coupled into the low-loss optical fiber to be tested to generate a backscattered optical signal; The backscattered light signal is converted into an electrical pulse signal by using a single photon detector, and the electrical pulse signal is counted by a synchronous clock with the preset period as a period to obtain a counting result; Adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result, and drawing a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested based on the adjustment result, wherein the target signal curve is an optical path loss and reflection curve; The target signal curve is analyzed to obtain a monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested.

2. The optical fiber monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result, and drawing a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested based on the adjustment result includes: Determine a difference between two adjacent count values ​​according to the counting result, and draw an initial signal curve according to the difference; Recording the time point when the signal intensity of the backscattered light signal drops to a preset noise threshold; adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator and turning off the single photon detector; When it is detected that the current time reaches the time node, the single photon detector is turned on, and the initial signal curve is continuously drawn to obtain a target signal curve.

3. The optical fiber monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator and turning off the single photon detector comprises: Calculating a target power value of the variable optical attenuator based on the time node and a preset power adjustment strategy; adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the target power value; When it is detected that the current time does not reach the time node, the gating signal is controlled to turn off the single photon detector.

4. The optical fiber monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of turning on the single photon detector and continuing to draw the initial signal curve to obtain the target signal curve when detecting that the current time reaches the time node includes: When detecting that the current time reaches the time node, turning on the single photon detector; calibrating parameter settings of the single photon detector; According to the calibrated single-photon detector, the time end of the initial signal curve is used as the starting point for drawing the current curve, and the initial signal curve is continued to be drawn to generate a target signal curve.

5. The optical fiber monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the step of coupling pulse light of a preset period into the low-loss optical fiber to be tested based on the optical fiber amplifier and the variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattered optical signal, the method further includes: Obtaining the measurement requirements of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested, and adjusting the parameter configuration of the pulse signal generator according to the measurement requirements; Based on the adjusted pulse signal generator, a pulse light with a preset period is generated.

6. The optical fiber monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of analyzing the target signal curve to obtain the monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested includes: Analyze the slope change of the target signal curve to determine whether there is an abnormal loss area in the low-loss optical fiber to be tested, and obtain a first monitoring result; Detecting a mutation point in the target signal curve, determining whether there is a breakpoint or a reflection point in the low-loss optical fiber to be tested, and obtaining a second monitoring result; A measurement report of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested is generated according to the first monitoring result and the second monitoring result.

7. An optical fiber monitoring device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A signal generation module is used to couple pulse light of a preset period into the low-loss optical fiber to be tested based on an optical fiber amplifier and a variable optical attenuator to generate a backscattered light signal; A signal counting module, used for converting the backscattered light signal into an electrical pulse signal by using a single photon detector, and counting the electrical pulse signal with the preset period as a period through a synchronous clock to obtain a counting result; A curve generating module, used for adjusting the power of the variable optical attenuator according to the counting result, and drawing a target signal curve of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested based on the adjustment result, wherein the target signal curve is an optical path loss and reflection curve; The result analysis module is used to analyze the target signal curve to obtain the monitoring result of the low-loss optical fiber to be tested.

8. An optical fiber monitoring device, characterized in that: The device comprises: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the optical fiber monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program is stored on the storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the optical fiber monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product comprises a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the optical fiber monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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