Building method of phase-change passive facility agricultural house roof

Abstract

The invention discloses a building method of a phase-change passive facility agricultural house roof. The building method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out silanization modification reaction on metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles to prepare a reflective film; (2) mixing group VIII metal compound powder, rubber particle powder, an organic solvent and an organic silicon source, then adding acid liquor to obtain mixed slurry, and preparing the mixed slurry into a heat absorption film; (3) covering the outer surface layer of roof glass with the heat absorption film obtained in the step (2), and then covering the upper layer of the heat absorption film with the reflection film obtained in the step (1); (4) preparing a phase change coating on the inner surface layer of the roof glass; the phase-change passive facility agricultural house roof is composed of a phase-change coating, roof glass, a heat absorption film and a reflection film. The roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house built by the method has the advantages of being controllable in temperature and humidity, good in indoor air quality, high in energy-saving performance, simple in construction and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse environment control in protected agriculture, and particularly relates to a construction method for the roof of a phase-change passive protected agriculture house. Background Art

[0002] Protected agriculture (Controlled Environmental Agriculture) is a modern agricultural method that uses engineering and technical means to efficiently produce animals and plants under relatively controllable environmental conditions. In 2012, the area of protected agriculture in China accounted for more than 85% of the total world area, and more than 95% of it used polyolefin greenhouse films for covering. Traditional greenhouses mostly use sensible heat storage as wall materials, which cannot effectively store heat during the day and cannot automatically obtain heat for warming at night. Burning biofuels or fossil fuels easily causes environmental pollution and heat waste. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly solve problems such as heat storage and heating and environmental health in traditional solar greenhouses in protected agriculture. Phase change energy storage materials are new heat energy storage and release functional materials prepared with phase change materials as the core materials through specific encapsulation methods. They can simultaneously meet the technical needs of multiple scenarios such as heat storage, temperature regulation, humidity regulation, and clean air change. Combining them with passive greenhouse designs can obtain new phase-change passive solar greenhouses to meet the needs of the adjustment and upgrading of the protected agriculture industrial structure.

[0003] CN104145747A discloses a main and passive collaborative heat storage wall heating system for a solar greenhouse, which mainly includes a phase change heat storage wall, a concentrating solar air collector system, an active heat storage heating system, and an equipment control unit. The phase change heat storage wall is composed of a cement mortar layer, a phase change heat storage layer formed by pouring phase change materials encapsulated by steel column barrels and heat storage coils with sand, gravel, and cement, a load-bearing block layer, and a heat insulation layer from the indoor side to the outdoor side. Among them, the active heat storage heating system is composed of a collector, a heat insulation pipeline, a heat storage coil, a variable-frequency blower, an air outlet, and a wind valve. This system combines the main and passive heat collection, heat storage, and heating of the solar greenhouse wall, can significantly enhance the heat storage and insulation performance of the solar greenhouse wall and the utilization rate of solar energy by the greenhouse, and improve the regulation ability of the solar greenhouse wall on the indoor thermal environment. However, using steel column barrels to encapsulate phase change materials occupies a large space, and the steel column barrels are placed in the middle of the sand, gravel, and cement casting body, and the thermal resistance of the casting body is large, which easily affects the actual heat transfer efficiency of the phase change materials. At the same time, this system only uses phase change materials for heat storage and energy storage in the greenhouse wall, without comprehensively considering the heat storage and temperature regulation of the shed body, exhaust windows, and ground, so its actual heat storage and energy-saving effect is still not sufficient.

[0004] CN114916356A discloses a construction system for a phase change heat storage wall with a "quadruple" structure of solar photovoltaic in a solar greenhouse. The phase change heat storage wall with a "quadruple" structure of solar photovoltaic in a solar greenhouse is composed of an outermost heat insulation material layer, a sub-outer heavy cement block brick layer, an intermediate electric heating film, and an inner phase change material layer. The GH-20 cement-based composite phase change heat storage wallboard is pasted on the inner surface of the north wall of the east-west solar greenhouse. The electric heating film connected to a small low-voltage photovoltaic power generation system is laid on the inner surface of the sub-outer heavy cement block brick layer at a certain interval to achieve efficient active heat storage of the wall through solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technology. The GH-20 cement-based composite phase change heat storage wallboard is closely pasted with the electric heating film. The sub-outer heavy cement block bricks are hollow block bricks, and some of the hollow cavities can be used as air channels to introduce the high-temperature air at the top of the greenhouse into the wall, so that the excess heat in the room is stored in the wall to increase the internal heat storage capacity of the wall. The remaining cavities can be filled with clay or fine sand grains. This system mainly solves the problems of directly connecting the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic system to the grid, single application mode, and great difficulty in popularization and application. However, in terms of heat storage and temperature regulation in a solar greenhouse, this system mainly relies on the phase change material layer on the inner side of the greenhouse wall for heat storage, with limited storage capacity and overly single storage form. The heat dissipation and capture in the overall space of the greenhouse are not timely enough. At the same time, during the process of introducing the high-temperature air at the top of the greenhouse into the wall, it is also easy to cause a significant drop in the indoor humidity of the greenhouse, affecting the growth and development of the plants therein. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a construction method for the roof of a phase change passive facility agricultural house. The roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house constructed by the method of the present invention has the advantages of controllable temperature and humidity, good indoor air quality, high energy efficiency, and simple construction.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for the roof of a phase change passive facility agricultural house, including the following steps:

[0007] (1) Place the metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles in a constant humidity environment for treatment, then carry out a silanization modification reaction in a silane solvent. The filtered particles are placed in a mixed organic solvent to obtain a mixture, and then a reflective film is made.

[0008] (2) Mix the metal compound powder in Group VIII, rubber particle powder, organic solvent, and organosilicon source, and then add an acid solution to obtain a mixed slurry, and make the mixed slurry into an endothermic film.

[0009] (3) First, cover the outer surface of the roof glass with the endothermic film obtained in step (2), and then cover the upper layer of the endothermic film with the reflective film obtained in step (1).

[0010] (4) Under the protection of carrier gas, the phase change material and ethylene glycol polymer are mixed and melted, and then polyvinyl alcohol is added to obtain mixture A. Mixture A is mixed with chitosan, gelatin, and acidic aqueous solution for reaction, and then water-soluble aldehyde compounds are added for continuous reaction. The obtained mixture B is heated and reacted with phosphate ester and acrylate, and the obtained product is sprayed on the inner surface layer of the roof glass and cured to obtain a phase change coating; the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof is composed of the phase change coating, roof glass, heat absorption film, and reflection film.

[0011] Further, in step (1), the metal oxide powder is selected from any one or a combination of several of tin oxide, gadolinium oxide, and magnesium oxide, preferably a combination of the three; among them, when the three are combined, the mass ratio of tin oxide, gadolinium oxide, and magnesium oxide is 1:(0.05 - 0.57):(0.01 - 0.1), preferably 1:(0.13 - 0.29):(0.05 - 0.08). The particle diameter of the metal oxide powder is selected from 300nm - 500nm.

[0012] Further, in step (1), the polyfluoroolefin particles are selected from one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer, preferably tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer. The average molecular weight of the polyfluoroolefin particles is 1600 - 3400. The diameter of the polyfluoroolefin particles is 0.25mm - 1.0mm.

[0013] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder to the polyfluoroolefin particles is 1:(5 - 30), preferably 1:(10 - 20).

[0014] Further, in step (1), the relative humidity of the constant humidity is 40% - 60%, and the treatment time is 15h - 30h. When there is no special limitation for this condition treatment, it can be considered to be carried out under room temperature conditions, and the temperature is preferably 20°C - 30°C.

[0015] Further, in step (1), the silane solvent includes an aqueous siloxane solution and an organic solvent. The siloxane is selected from one or more of tetraethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, preferably vinyltrimethoxysilane; the mass concentration of the aqueous siloxane solution is 2.5% - 13.5%, preferably 4.5% - 8.3%; the organic solvent is selected from one or more of anhydrous methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and cyclohexane, preferably cyclohexane.

[0016] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder, the aqueous siloxane solution, and the organic solvent is 1:(2 - 12):(5 - 70), preferably 1:(5 - 9):(35 - 50).

[0017] Further, in step (1), the silanization modification reaction time is 0.5 h to 10 h, preferably 3.5 h to 6 h.

[0018] Further, in step (1), the mixed organic solvent is selected from one or more of chloroform - absolute methanol (preferably with a mass ratio of 1:(0.5 - 2.3)), cyclopentane - absolute ethanol (preferably with a mass ratio of 1:(0.3 - 2.8)), and N,N - dimethylacetamide (DMA) - acetone (preferably with a mass ratio of 1:(0.7 - 2.5)), and N,N - dimethylacetamide (DMA) - acetone is preferred. When placed in the mixed organic solvent, heating and vortex oscillation treatment is preferably carried out. The vortex oscillation speed is 1700 rpm to 2100 rpm, the temperature is 18°C to 60°C, preferably 35°C to 45°C, and the time is 15 min to 35 min.

[0019] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of the particulate matter after suction filtration to the mixed organic solvent is 1:(4 - 15), preferably 1:(6 - 9.7).

[0020] Further, in step (1), the method for making the reflective film preferably adopts the electrospinning method. The injection speed of the electrospinning is 0.37 mL / h to 3.86 mL / h, preferably 0.89 mL / h to 2.05 mL / h. The distance between the injection needle and the collection device is 5 cm to 35 cm, preferably 10 cm to 25 cm, and the voltage is 15 kV to 35 kV. The film obtained by electrospinning is dried to obtain the reflective film. Among them, the drying temperature is 35°C to 85°C, preferably 45°C to 60°C, and the time is 5 h to 24 h, preferably 8 h to 16 h.

[0021] Further, in step (2), the metal compound in Group VIII is an iron compound, preferably selected from one or more of iron sulfate, iron chloride, and iron nitrate, and iron chloride is more preferred. The particle size of the metal compound powder in Group VIII is 70 mesh to 150 mesh.

[0022] Further, in step (2), the particle size of the rubber particle powder is 100 mesh to 300 mesh.

[0023] Further, in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from one or more of absolute ethanol, acetone, and chloroform, and absolute ethanol is preferred.

[0024] Further, in step (2), the organosilicon source is selected from one or more of tetraethyl orthosilicate, triethoxysilane, and n - octyltrichlorosilane, and n - octyltrichlorosilane is preferred.

[0025] Further, in step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder in Group VIII, the rubber particle powder, the organic solvent, and the organosilicon source is 1:(0.01 - 0.56):(0.35 - 3):(0.5 - 3.7), preferably 1:(0.07 - 0.28):(0.75 - 1.5):(0.8 - 2).

[0026] Further, in step (2), the acid is selected from any one or a combination of tartaric acid, salicylic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid; preferably, the mass concentration of the acid in the acid solution is 20% - 60%. Preferably, the acid solution is preferably a combination of an aqueous salicylic acid solution and an aqueous nitric acid solution. The mass concentration of the aqueous salicylic acid solution is 20% - 30%, the mass concentration of the aqueous nitric acid solution is 50% - 60%, and the mass ratio of the aqueous salicylic acid solution to the aqueous nitric acid solution is 1:(0.5 - 2).

[0027] Further, in step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder in Group VIII to the acid solution is 1:(0.35 - 3.55), preferably 1:(0.95 - 1.73).

[0028] Further, in step (2), the mixing of each mixture is preferably carried out under stirring. The stirring speed is 150 rpm - 250 rpm, the stirring temperature is 25°C - 55°C, and the stirring time is 20 min - 50 min.

[0029] Further, in step (2), the method of making the mixed slurry into a heat-absorbing film adopts a dynamic coating method, preferably a dynamic coating method on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene film. Specifically: under a vacuum state, the mixed slurry is dynamically coated on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene film to obtain a film component, and the film component is dried to obtain a heat-absorbing film. Further, the dynamic coating preferably adopts a reciprocating cycle of at least three times or more, preferably three to five times. The interval time for the mixed slurry to change the flow direction is 6 min - 13 min. Further, the drying temperature is 35°C - 50°C, and the drying time is 35 h - 50 h. In step (2), the vacuum degree under the vacuum state is 60 kPa - 80 kPa.

[0030] Further, in step (3), the roof glass is preferably pre-cleaned, and the pre-cleaning is carried out by rinsing with tap water.

[0031] Further, in step (3), the covering can be realized by a film covering machine, and this film covering machine has a function of automatically rolling up the film at the same time.

[0032] Further, in step (3), the thickness of the reflective film is 2.5 μm to 20 μm, preferably 5 μm to 10 μm, and the thickness of the heat-absorbing film is 10 μm to 50 μm, preferably 20 μm to 30 μm.

[0033] Further, in step (4), the carrier gas is selected from at least one of high-purity nitrogen or inert gas, the inert gas is selected from high-purity helium or / and high-purity argon, and the purity of the carrier gas is greater than 99% vol.

[0034] Further, in step (4), the phase change material is selected from one or more of industrial paraffin wax and normal paraffin hydrocarbons with a phase change temperature of 37°C to 46°C, and the average molecular weight of the ethylene glycol polymer is 800 to 1500.

[0035] Further, in step (4), the melting temperature is 55°C to 64°C.

[0036] Further, in step (4), the degree of alcoholysis of the polyvinyl alcohol is 80% to 90%, and the viscosity is 15 mPa·s to 30 mPa·s.

[0037] Further, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin wax, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:(0.25 to 1.5):(0.05 to 0.25), preferably 1:(0.75 to 1.05):(0.09 to 0.16).

[0038] Further, in step (4), the mixing of the paraffin wax, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol is preferably carried out under stirring, the stirring speed is 300 rpm to 500 rpm, and the stirring time is 20 min to 30 min.

[0039] Further, in step (4), the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is 83% to 95%, the relative molecular weight of the gelatin is 50,000 to 70,000, and the acidic aqueous solution is selected from acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 1% to 5%.

[0040] Further, in step (4), the water-soluble aldehyde compound is selected from at least one of glyoxal, succinaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde, preferably glutaraldehyde; the water-soluble aldehyde compound is in the form of an aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 20% to 35%.

[0041] Further, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin wax, chitosan, gelatin, acidic aqueous solution, and water-soluble aldehyde compound is 1:(0.2 to 4):(0.3 to 5):(1.5 to 8):(0.05 to 0.65), preferably 1:(0.8 to 2.9):(1 to 3.5):(2.3 to 5.2):(0.1 to 0.4).

[0042] Further, in step (4), the mixture A is mixed with chitosan, gelatin, and an acidic aqueous solution for reaction, preferably with stirring. The stirring speed of the reaction is 1500 rpm to 3300 rpm, the stirring time of the reaction is 15 min to 45 min, the reaction temperature is 50°C to 80°C, preferably 60°C to 70°C.

[0043] Further, in step (4), after adding the water-soluble aldehyde compound, the continued reaction time is 30 min to 180 min, the stirring speed is 700 rpm to 1100 rpm, and the temperature is 50°C to 80°C.

[0044] Further, in step (4), the phosphate ester is selected from one or more of dimethyl methylphosphonate, triphenyl phosphate, and trioctyl phosphate, preferably dimethyl methylphosphonate.

[0045] Further, in step (4), the acrylate is selected from one or more of methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and dipentaerythritol acrylate, preferably dipentaerythritol acrylate.

[0046] Further, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin, phosphate ester, and acrylate is 1:(0.2 - 4.0):(0.3 - 5.0), preferably 1:(1.8 - 2.9):(2.3 - 4.0).

[0047] Further, in step (4), the mixture B, phosphate ester, and acrylate are at a heating temperature of 50°C to 80°C, for a time of 5 min to 30 min, and a stirring speed of 800 rpm to 1200 rpm.

[0048] Further, in step (4), the electroplating treatment voltage is 20 kV to 80 kV, preferably 35 kV to 65 kV, the gun distance is 12 cm to 35 cm, preferably 17 cm to 24 cm, the electroplating pressure is 0.2 bar to 2.3 bar, preferably 0.7 bar to 1.5 bar, and the electroplating flow rate is 5 mL / min to 25 mL / min, preferably 10 mL / min to 15 mL / min.

[0049] Further, in step (4), the curing is carried out by ultraviolet light for curing and shaping treatment. The wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 300 nm to 400 nm, preferably 330 nm to 360 nm, the curing temperature is 50°C to 120°C, preferably 65°C to 80°C, and the curing time is 3 min to 35 min, preferably 12 min to 20 min.

[0050] Further, in step (4), the thickness of the phase change coating is 75 μm to 200 μm, preferably 130 μm to 160 μm.

[0051] The construction method of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house of the present invention is used in the technical field of the construction system method of the phase change passive facility agricultural house.

[0052] Further, the heat storage capacity (i.e., the latent heat of phase change value) of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house constructed by the method is greater than 80 J / g, the solar reflectance index (SRI) in summer is greater than 90, and the solar absorptance in winter is greater than 70%. Further, the heat storage capacity (i.e., the latent heat of phase change value) of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house is 100 J / g to 130 J / g, the solar reflectance index (SRI) in summer is 105 to 120, and the solar absorptance in winter is 85% to 95%.

[0053] Further, the average indoor temperature of the phase change passive facility agricultural house constructed by the method is 18°C to 28°C, and the relative humidity (average relative humidity in winter or summer) is 55% to 77%. Compared with a conventional coal-fired greenhouse, the energy saving rate is 57% to 77%. Further, the average indoor temperature of the phase change passive facility agricultural house is 22°C to 26°C, and the relative humidity (average relative humidity in winter or summer) is 60% to 70%. Compared with a conventional coal-fired greenhouse, the energy saving rate is 63% to 77%.

[0054] In the present invention, the average indoor temperature of the phase change passive facility agricultural house refers to the average temperature range in a year.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0056] (1) In the process of preparing the roof reflective film of the present invention, a combination of metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles is used as the reflective matrix. Among them, polyfluoroolefin has a strong emission effect in the infrared spectral band and can be used as the radiation source material for radiative cooling; in particular, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer contains rich fiber structures and porous structures and has a strong diffuse reflection ability for visible light in the infrared spectral band, which can better cope with the strong sunlight in summer and autumn. Preferably, a combination of multiple metal oxides is used, and by using the synergistic effect, the film material can have a high reflection effect in the visible light and near-infrared light wavelength ranges. At the same time, after being combined with polyfluoroolefin, a good roof radiative cooling effect can be achieved.

[0057] (2) In the process of preparing the roof reflective film of the present invention, a silanization pretreatment method is adopted. By means of different functional groups at both ends of the silane molecule, an organic material (polyfluoroolefin particles) and an inorganic material (metal oxide powder) are simultaneously connected to form a bonding layer of inorganic material - silane molecule - organic material, enhancing the interfacial force between the composite materials and ensuring a strong bonding force of the metal oxide powder on the surface of the polyfluoroolefin film. Moreover, in the silanization pretreatment stage, the silane molecule and the polyfluoroolefin will crosslink to form an interpenetrating network structure, improving the compatibility between the silane molecule and the polyfluoroolefin.

[0058] (3) In the process of preparing the roof heat-absorbing film of the present invention, the heat-absorbing effect of the film matrix is improved by adding metal compound powders and rubber particle powders in Group VIII. Especially the addition of iron element in the metal compounds in Group VIII can promote the change of its color depth with the increase or decrease of the addition amount, thereby changing the heat-absorbing capacity of the film. Under the action of an acidic solution, the organosilicon source is hydrolyzed into a silicone prepolymer, which fully coats the metal compound powders and rubber particle powders in Group VIII, avoiding their loss during use and reducing the degree of performance attenuation. After multiple cycles by a peristaltic pump, they are evenly distributed on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene film, with a long service life.

[0059] (4) In the present invention, a reflective film and a heat-absorbing film are simultaneously laid on the roof of a passive phase-change facility agricultural house. In different seasons, different types of films are automatically switched by a film covering machine, which can significantly improve the cooling and heat storage effects of the roof structure and save the energy consumption of refrigeration and heating.

[0060] (5) The present invention prepares a composite phase-change material by melt blending a phase-change material and an ethylene glycol polymer. Adding a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol can enhance the latent heat value of the composite phase-change material (i.e., the heat storage capacity). Using chitosan and gelatin as the shell material components can increase the environmental protection and biological applicability of the material. A water-soluble aldehyde compound is used to carry out an aminoaldehyde condensation reaction with the chitosan molecule to further solidify the shell material. The phase-change capsule prepolymer is mixed with a phosphate ester and an acrylate and then sprayed on the inner surface layer of the roof glass. It can not only fully immobilize the phase-change capsules on the inner surface layer of the glass to play a role in heat storage and temperature regulation, but also the phosphate ester and acrylate carriers play a certain heat insulation role. In addition, using ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment can improve the anti-aging property and wear resistance of the ester-based phase-change heat storage material. Description of the Drawings

[0061] Figure 1 are the temperature change curves of the outdoor environment, Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 within one day;

[0062] Figure 2 are the relative humidity change curves of the outdoor environment, Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 prepared within one day. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0063] The construction method and effects of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof of the present invention will be further described below through embodiments. The embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0064] In the following embodiments, the experimental methods, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods in the art. The experimental materials used in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.

[0065] In the present invention, a DSC-60Plus type differential scanning calorimeter produced by Shimadzu Corporation of Japan is used to measure the latent heat of phase change value (i.e., heat storage capacity) of the heat storage material. The test temperature range is 0 °C to 100 °C, the heating rate is 10 °C / min, and high-purity nitrogen carrier gas protection is used.

[0066] In the present invention, the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) is used to show the ability of the material surface to resist solar heat energy. The higher the SRI, the smaller the temperature rise amplitude of the material under solar irradiation. According to the definition, the SRI of standard black (solar reflectance 0.05, emissivity 0.9) is 0, while the SRI of standard white (solar reflectance 0.8, emissivity 0.9) is 100. The national standard requires that the SRI be calculated according to the standard calculation method of ASTM E1980 to convert the SRI value of the material.

[0067] In the present invention, the Solar Absorptivity (SA) is the ratio of the solar energy absorbed by the glass to the total solar energy incident on the glass surface within the entire range of sunlight wavelengths.

[0068] In the present invention, an ITHX-SD type temperature and humidity chart recorder produced by Omega Corporation of the United States is used to monitor the change trends of temperature and humidity inside the phase change passive facility agricultural house. The resolution of the recorder is 0.1 °C / 0.1%, the temperature response time is 5 s, and the humidity response time is 8 s.

[0069] In the present invention, the coal consumption per unit area is used as the reference basis for the energy saving rate. Among them, the calculation formula for the coal consumption per unit area of different agricultural greenhouse houses is:

[0070] m = (q × t) / (η × H) × 10 -3 × 859.8 × (t i - t a ) / (t i - t h );

[0071] where m is the coal consumption for heating per unit greenhouse area, kg / m 2 ; q is the heat load index per unit greenhouse area, W / m 2 ; t is the heating hours in the heating season, h; η is the boiler efficiency; H is the calorific value of standard coal, calculated as 7000 kcal / kg of standard coal, 1 kW = 859.8 kcal / h; t i is the calculated indoor temperature of the greenhouse. To ensure the growth of fruits and vegetables, it is taken as 12°C; t a is the average outdoor temperature during the heating period, which is the average outdoor temperature every day during the start and end dates of the heating period; t h is the calculated outdoor temperature during the heating period.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] Construction method of the roof of a phase change passive facility agricultural house: Take 100 g of metal oxide powder with a diameter of 400 nm (79.36 g of tin oxide, 15.87 g of gadolinium oxide, 4.77 g of magnesium oxide) and 1500 g of tetrafluoroethylene - hexafluoropropylene polymer with a diameter of 0.5 mm (molecular weight of 2300), and place them in an environment at 25°C and a relative humidity of 50% for 20 h. Then, carry out a silanization modification reaction in 700 g of an aqueous solution of vinyltrimethoxysilane with a mass concentration of 6.8% and 4000 g of cyclohexane for 4.5 h. Filter the silanized mixture by suction. Then, transfer 100 g of the filtered particulate matter to 800 g of a mixed solvent of N,N - dimethylacetamide (DMA) - acetone (the mass ratio of N,N - dimethylacetamide to acetone is 1:1), and treat it in a vortex oscillator at 40°C and 1900 rpm for 25 min. Then, inject the mixed solution into the liquid storage device of an electrospinning device, and prepare a reflective film at an injection speed of 1.63 mL / h, a distance of 15 cm between the injection needle and the collection device, and a voltage of 20 kV. Place the reflective film in an oven for drying treatment at 50°C for 12 h.

[0074] Take 100 g of 100 - mesh ferric chloride, 15 g of 200 - mesh rubber particle powder, 120 g of absolute ethanol, and 100 g of n - octyltrichlorosilane, mix them, stir at 200 rpm and 40°C for 30 min, then add 127 g of acid solution (63.5 g of an aqueous solution of salicylic acid with a mass concentration of 25% and 63.5 g of an aqueous solution of nitric acid with a mass concentration of 55%) and continue to stir evenly. Stop stirring until it reaches a uniform state. Use a peristaltic pump to reciprocally circulate the mixed solution on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane five times. This process is in a vacuum state with a vacuum degree of 70 kPa, and the interval time for the solution to change the flow direction is 10 min. Finally, place the membrane module in a drying oven and dry it at 40°C for 42 h to obtain an endothermic film.

[0075] The roof glass of the passive phase-change facility agricultural house is pre-cleaned with tap water and then air-dried naturally. A film covering machine with an automatic film rolling function is used to cover the reflective film and the heat-absorbing film on the outer surface layer of the roof glass respectively. The covering thickness of the reflective film is 7.5 μm, and the covering thickness of the heat-absorbing film is 24 μm. Under the atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen, 100 g of industrial paraffin with a phase change temperature of 43 °C and 86 g of ethylene glycol polymer with an average molecular weight of 1200 are mixed and melted. Then 13 g of polyvinyl alcohol with an alcoholysis degree of 83% and a viscosity of 20 mPa·s is added, and the mixture is stirred at 400 rpm for 25 min. The mixture is then mixed with 160 g of chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 90%, 220 g of gelatin with a relative molecular mass of 63000, and 350 g of acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 3.5%, and stirred and reacted at 2100 rpm and 64 °C for 20 min. Then 27 g of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 26% is added, and the mixture is continuously stirred and reacted at 850 rpm and 70 °C for 80 min. The obtained mixture is stirred and reacted with 230 g of dimethyl methylphosphonate and 340 g of dipentaerythritol acrylate at 65 °C and 1000 rpm for 17 min, and then transferred to an electrospray plating processor and sprayed on the inner surface layer of the roof glass at a spraying treatment voltage of 46 kV, a gun distance of 19 cm, a spraying pressure of 1.1 bar, and a spraying flow rate of 12 mL / min. At the same time, ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment is carried out, where the ultraviolet light wavelength is 340 nm, the curing temperature is 70 °C, and the curing time is 16 min, to obtain a phase change coating with a uniform and dense thickness of 145 μm, thus completing the construction of the roof of the passive phase-change facility agricultural house.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] Construction method for the roof of the passive phase-change facility agricultural house: Take 100 g of metal oxide powder with a diameter of 400 nm (79.36 g of tin oxide, 15.87 g of gadolinium oxide, 4.77 g of magnesium oxide) and 1000 g of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer with a diameter of 0.5 mm (molecular weight of 2300), and place them in an environment at 25 °C and a relative humidity of 50% for 20 h. Then carry out a silanization modification reaction in 500 g of vinyltrimethoxysilane aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 6.8% and 3500 g of cyclohexane for 4.5 h. Filter the silanized mixture by suction, and then transfer 100 g of the filtered particulate matter to 800 g of a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)-acetone (mass ratio of N,N-dimethylacetamide to acetone is 1:1), and treat it in a vortex oscillator at 40 °C and 1900 rpm for 25 min. Then inject the mixed solution into the reservoir of the electrospinning device, and prepare a reflective film at an injection speed of 1.63 mL / h, a distance of 15 cm between the injection needle and the collection device, and a voltage of 20 kV. Dry the reflective film at 50 °C for 12 h.

[0078] 100 g of 100-mesh ferric chloride, 7 g of 200-mesh rubber particle powder, 75 g of absolute ethanol and 80 g of n-octyltrichlorosilane were mixed, stirred at 200 rpm and 40 °C for 30 min, then 95 g of acid solution (47.5 g of salicylic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 25% and 47.5 g of nitric acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 55%) was added and stirred continuously until homogeneous. After reaching the homogeneous state, stirring was stopped. The mixed solution was reciprocally circulated five times on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane using a peristaltic pump. The treatment process was in a vacuum state with a vacuum degree of 70 kPa, and the interval time for the solution to change the flow direction was 10 min. Finally, the membrane module was placed in an oven and dried at 40 °C for 42 h to obtain the endothermic thin film.

[0079] The roof glass of the passive phase-change facility agricultural house was pre-cleaned with tap water and air-dried naturally. Then, a film covering machine with the function of automatically rolling up the film was used to cover the reflective thin film and the endothermic thin film on the outer surface layer of the roof glass respectively. The covering thickness of the reflective thin film was 7.5 μm, and the covering thickness of the endothermic thin film was 24 μm. Under the atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen, 100 g of industrial paraffin with a phase-change temperature of 43 °C and 75 g of ethylene glycol polymer with an average molecular weight of 1200 were mixed and melted. Then, 9 g of polyvinyl alcohol with an alcoholysis degree of 83% and a viscosity of 20 mPa·s was added, and the mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 25 min. The mixture was mixed with 80 g of chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 90%, 100 g of gelatin with a relative molecular mass of 63000 and 230 g of acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 3.5%, and stirred and reacted at 2100 rpm and 64 °C for 20 min. Then, 10 g of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 26% was added, and the mixture was continuously stirred and reacted at 850 rpm and 70 °C for 80 min. The obtained mixture was mixed with 180 g of dimethyl methylphosphonate and 230 g of dipentaerythritol acrylate, and stirred and reacted at 65 °C and 1000 rpm for 17 min. It was transferred to an electrospray plating processor and spray-coated on the inner surface layer of the roof glass under the conditions of a spray plating treatment voltage of 46 kV, a gun distance of 19 cm, a spray plating pressure of 1.1 bar and a spray plating flow rate of 12 mL / min. At the same time, ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment was carried out, where the ultraviolet light wavelength was 340 nm, the curing temperature was 70 °C, and the curing time was 16 min, to obtain a phase-change coating with a uniform and dense thickness of 145 μm, thus completing the construction work of the roof of the passive phase-change facility agricultural house.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] Construction method of a phase change passive facility agricultural house roof: Take 100 g of metal oxide powder with a diameter of 400 nm (79.36 g of tin oxide, 15.87 g of gadolinium oxide, 4.77 g of magnesium oxide) and 2000 g of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer with a diameter of 0.5 mm (molecular weight of 2300), and place them in an environment at 25 °C and a relative humidity of 50% for 20 h. Then, carry out a silanization modification reaction for 4.5 h in 900 g of an aqueous solution of vinyltrimethoxysilane with a mass concentration of 6.8% and 5000 g of cyclohexane. Filter the silanized mixture by suction, and then transfer 100 g of the filtered particulate matter to 800 g of a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)-acetone (mass ratio of N,N-dimethylacetamide to acetone is 1:1). Treat it in a vortex oscillator at 40 °C and 1900 rpm for 25 min. Then, inject the mixed solution into the reservoir of an electrospinning device. Prepare a reflective film at an injection speed of 1.63 mL / h, a distance of 15 cm between the injection needle and the collection device, and a voltage of 20 kV. Place the reflective film in an oven at 50 °C for drying treatment for 12 h.

[0082] Take 100 g of 100-mesh ferric chloride, 28 g of 200-mesh rubber particle powder, 150 g of absolute ethanol, and 200 g of n-octyltrichlorosilane, mix them, stir at 200 rpm and 40 °C for 30 min, then add 173 g of acid solution (86.5 g of an aqueous solution of salicylic acid with a mass concentration of 25% and 86.5 g of an aqueous solution of nitric acid with a mass concentration of 55%), continue to stir evenly, stop stirring until it reaches a homogeneous state, use a peristaltic pump to reciprocally circulate the mixed solution on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane five times. The treatment process is in a vacuum state, the vacuum degree is 70 kPa, the interval time for the solution to change the flow direction is 10 min. Finally, place the membrane module in an oven and dry it at 40 °C for 42 h to obtain an endothermic film.

[0083] Use tap water to pre-clean the roof glass of the phase change passive facility agricultural house. After natural drying, use a film covering machine with an automatic film rolling function to cover the reflective film and the heat-absorbing film on the outer surface layer of the roof glass respectively. The covering thickness of the reflective film is 7.5 μm, and the covering thickness of the heat-absorbing film is 24 μm. Under a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, take 100 g of industrial paraffin with a phase change temperature of 43 °C and 105 g of ethylene glycol polymer with an average molecular weight of 1200 and mix and melt them. Add 16 g of polyvinyl alcohol with an alcoholysis degree of 83% and a viscosity of 20 mPa·s, and stir at 400 rpm for 25 min. Mix the mixture with 290 g of chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 90%, 350 g of gelatin with a relative molecular weight of 63000, and 520 g of acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 3.5% and stir and react at 2100 rpm and 64 °C for 20 min. Then add 40 g of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 26%, and continue to stir and react at 850 rpm and 70 °C for 80 min. Transfer the obtained mixture to an electrospray plating processor and spray it on the inner surface layer of the roof glass at a spray plating treatment voltage of 46 kV, a gun distance of 19 cm, a spray plating pressure of 1.1 bar, and a spray plating flow rate of 12 mL / min. At the same time, use ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment, where the ultraviolet light wavelength is 340 nm, the curing temperature is 70 °C, and the curing time is 16 min, to obtain a phase change coating with a uniform and dense thickness of 145 μm, and complete the construction work of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in that in the construction method of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house, the diameter of the metal oxide powder particles is reduced to 300 nm, where the mass of tin oxide is increased to 86.95 g, the mass of gadolinium oxide is reduced to 4.34 g, the mass of magnesium oxide is increased to 8.71 g, polytetrafluoroethylene is used to replace the tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer, the particle diameter is increased to 1 mm, the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene is increased to 3000 g, octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane is used instead of vinyltrimethoxysilane, and the mass concentration of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane is increased to 13%. Other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged, and the construction work of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is used to replace cyclohexane, the mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane is increased to 1200 g, the silanization modification reaction time is extended to 10 h, a chloroform-anhydrous methanol mixed organic solvent with a mass ratio of 1:1 is used to replace N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)-acetone, and the mass of the mixed organic solvent is reduced to 400 g. Other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged, and the construction of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0088] Example 6

[0089] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house. The injection speed of the electrospinning device is increased to 3.86 mL / h, the distance between the injection needle and the collection device is shortened to 5 cm, the drying temperature of the reflective film is increased to 85 °C, the drying time is shortened to 5 h, ferric sulfate is used to replace ferric chloride, the particle size of the rubber particle powder is increased to 300 mesh, acetone is used to replace absolute ethanol, tetraethyl orthosilicate is used to replace octyltrichlorosilane. Other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged, and the construction of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0090] Example 7

[0091] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house. The mass of the rubber particle powder is reduced to 1 g, the mass of absolute ethanol is increased to 300 g, the mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane is reduced to 50 g, a tartaric acid aqueous solution (mass concentration of 45%) is used to replace the combination of salicylic acid and nitric acid, and the mass of the acid solution is increased to 300 g, the mass of polyethylene glycol is increased to 150 g, the mass of polyvinyl alcohol is reduced to 5 g, the mass of chitosan is reduced to 20 g, the mass of gelatin is reduced to 30 g, the mass of the acidic aqueous solution is increased to 700 g, and the mass of glutaraldehyde is increased to 40 g. Other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged, and the construction of the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0092] Example 8

[0093] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house. The thickness of the reflective film covering is increased to 20 μm, the thickness of the heat-absorbing film covering is reduced to 10 μm, the mixing and stirring speed of the mixture and the acidic aqueous solution of chitosan gelatin is increased to 3000 rpm, the stirring time is extended to 45 min, the temperature is reduced to 50 °C, the sputtering treatment voltage is increased to 80 kV, the gun distance is reduced to 12 cm, the sputtering pressure is reduced to 0.2 bar, the sputtering flow rate is increased to 25 mL / min, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is shortened to 300 nm, the curing temperature is increased to 120 °C, the curing time is extended to 35 min, the thickness of the phase-change coating is reduced to 75 μm, and other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged. The construction of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0094] Example 9

[0095] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house. Triphenyl phosphate is used instead of dimethyl methylphosphonate, methyl methacrylate is used instead of dipentaerythritol acrylate, the mass of dimethyl methylphosphonate is increased to 400 g, and the mass of dipentaerythritol acrylate is reduced to 30 g. Other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged. The construction of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0096] Example 10

[0097] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the preparation process of the reflective film. Gadolinium oxide and magnesium oxide are omitted, and other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged. The construction of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the preparation process of the roof reflective film. Metal oxide powder is omitted, and other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged. The construction of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the preparation process of the roof reflective film. Polyfluoroolefin particles are omitted, and other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged. The construction of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the preparation process of the roof reflective film. The silanization modification process is omitted, and other reaction conditions and material compositions remain unchanged. The construction of the roof of the phase-change passive facility agricultural house is completed.

[0104] Comparative Example 4

[0105] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that in the process of preparing the roof heat-absorbing film, ferric chloride is omitted, and other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof.

[0106] Comparative Example 5

[0107] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that dimethyl methyl phosphate, dipentaerythritol acrylate and ultraviolet light curing and shaping process are omitted, and other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, and the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof is completed.

[0108] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that in the construction method of the phase change passive agricultural facility house roof, the phase change coating is omitted, and other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged to complete the construction of the phase change passive agricultural facility house roof.

[0109] Comparative Example 7

[0110] According to the method described in CN104145747A, the phase change thermal storage wall is composed of a cement mortar layer, a phase change thermal storage layer formed by pouring phase change materials and thermal storage coils encapsulated in steel column barrels with sand, stone and cement, a load-bearing block layer and an insulation layer from the indoor side to the outdoor side. The solar air collector system is composed of a plurality of groups of concentrating solar air collectors connected in series, and a summer shading device is arranged on the upper part of the collector; the active thermal storage heating system is composed of a collector, an insulation pipe, a thermal storage coil, a variable frequency fan, an air vent and an air valve; the equipment control unit is composed of a controller, a temperature sensor and an electric regulating air valve, so as to obtain an active and passive coordinated thermal storage wall heating system for a solar greenhouse.

[0111] Comparative Example 8

[0112] According to the method described in CN114916356A, the solar greenhouse solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change thermal storage wall is composed of the outermost insulation material layer, the second outer heavy cement block brick layer, the middle electric heating film and the inner phase change material layer; the solar energy system includes solar photovoltaic component panels, solar controllers, solar inverters, and switches, which can supply power to the electric heating film, household or agricultural appliances in the phase change thermal storage wall system during the day, and the excess electricity can be stored in the power storage system or connected to the main power grid; the cement-based composite phase change thermal storage wall panel is the inner surface layer of the solar greenhouse solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change thermal storage wall, and the second outer layer of the north wall composed of cement hollow blocks is provided with multiple wall air channels, which are connected in parallel and in turn with the duct fan to form a greenhouse top wind waste heat utilization system, thereby obtaining a solar greenhouse solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change thermal storage wall construction system.

[0113] In Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-6, the phase change passive facility agricultural house enclosure uses a hot-dip galvanized strip steel structure frame that is rectangular in the east-west direction with a length of 12 m, a width of 4.5 m, and a height of 3.3 m. The double-layer insulating tempered glass with a thickness of 4 mm is used as the wall, the middle space is 6 mm, and the connection parts are made of steel materials. Five square ventilation windows with a side length of 40 cm are installed on the south and north sides of the enclosure, and a fan is configured for ventilation. The ventilation rate is 1.25 times / min to provide fresh air indoors. The indoor ground is a humus soil planting layer with a thickness of 30 cm.

[0114] Test Example 1

[0115] Measure the service performance of the phase change passive facility agricultural houses in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-8. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] Table 1 Service performance of the phase change passive facility agricultural house construction systems prepared in the examples and comparative examples

[0117]

[0118] As can be seen from Table 1, the phase change passive facility agricultural houses prepared by the method of the present invention have a high heat storage and temperature regulation ability of the roof. In summer, the roof structure has a high solar reflectance index, and in winter, the roof structure has a high solar absorptance. In Example 1, the heat storage capacity of the roof reaches 130 J / g, and the solar reflectance index of the summer roof and the solar absorptance of the winter roof reach 120 and 95% respectively. In Comparative Examples 7 and 8, the heat storage capacity of the roof is lower than 30 J / g, and the solar reflectance index of the summer roof and the solar absorptance of the winter roof are lower than 50 and 65% respectively. In Example 1, the heat storage capacity of the roof still remains at 127.6 J / g after one year of use, while in Comparative Example 7, the heat storage capacity of the roof is only 13.5 J / g after one year of use.

[0119] Test Example 2

[0120] Measure the service performance of the phase change passive facility agricultural houses in Example 1, Example 2, Example 6 and Comparative Examples 5-8 in winter and summer. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0121] Table 2 Service performance of the phase change passive facility agricultural houses prepared in the examples and comparative examples in winter and summer

[0122]

[0123] The winter test was carried out in the Dalian area on a sunny day in January. According to the data of the local meteorological department, the total solar irradiance at noon on that day was 500 W / m 2, The test time is from 0:00 to 23:00. The average outdoor temperature is -9.8 °C, and the average outdoor relative humidity is 50%.

[0124] The summer test was carried out in the Dalian area on a sunny day in August. According to the local meteorological department's data, the total solar irradiance at noon on that day was 700 W / m 2 , The test time is from 0:00 to 23:00. The average outdoor temperature is 26.5 °C, and the average outdoor relative humidity is 93%.

[0125] As can be seen from Table 2, the phase change passive facility agricultural house prepared by the method of the present invention has relatively ideal service performance. In Example 1, the average indoor temperature of the phase change passive facility agricultural house in winter is 23.7 °C, and the relative humidity is 63.8%. Compared with the conventional coal-fired greenhouse, the energy saving rate is 77%, while the use indexes of the comparative example samples are significantly lower than the technical indexes of the example samples. Combining Figure 1 and Figure 2 it can be seen that for the phase change passive facility agricultural house prepared by the method of Example 1, the fluctuations of the indoor temperature and relative humidity throughout the day are significantly lower than those of the phase change passive facility agricultural house prepared by the method of the comparative example.

Claims

1. A construction method for the roof of a passive phase-change facility agricultural house, comprising the following steps: (1) Place metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles in a constant humidity environment for treatment, then place them in a silane solvent for silanization modification reaction. The filtered particles are placed in a mixed organic solvent to obtain a mixture, and then a reflective film is made; (2) Mix metal compound powder in Group VIII, rubber particle powder, organic solvent and organosilicon source, then add acid solution to obtain a mixed slurry, and make the mixed slurry into an endothermic film; (3) First cover the endothermic film obtained in step (2) on the outer surface of the roof glass, and then cover the reflective film obtained in step (1) on the upper layer of the endothermic film; (4) Under the protection of carrier gas, mix and melt the phase-change material and ethylene glycol polymer, then add polyvinyl alcohol to obtain mixture A. Mix mixture A with chitosan, gelatin and acidic aqueous solution for reaction, and then add water-soluble aldehyde compounds to continue the reaction. The obtained mixture B is heated with phosphate ester and acrylate, and the obtained product is sprayed on the inner surface of the roof glass and cured to obtain a phase-change coating; The roof of the passive phase-change facility agricultural house is composed of a phase-change coating, roof glass, an endothermic film and a reflective film.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (1), the metal oxide powder is selected from any one or a combination of tin oxide, gadolinium oxide and magnesium oxide; and / or, in step (1), the polyfluoroolefin particles are selected from one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer; and / or, in step (1), the silane solvent includes an aqueous siloxane solution and an organic solvent. The siloxane is selected from one or more of tetraethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; the mass concentration of the aqueous siloxane solution is 2.5% - 13.5%; the organic solvent is selected from one or more of anhydrous methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and cyclohexane; and / or, in step (1), the mixed organic solvent is selected from one or more of chloroform-anhydrous methanol, cyclopentane-anhydrous ethanol, N,N-dimethylacetamide-acetone.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder to the polyfluoroolefin particles is 1:(5 - 30); and / or, in step (1), the relative humidity of the constant humidity is 40% - 60%, and the treatment time is 15h - 30h; and / or, in step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder, the aqueous siloxane solution and the organic solvent is 1:(2 - 12):(5 - 70); and / or, in step (1), the silanization modification reaction time is 0.5h - 10h; and / or, in step (1), the mass ratio of the filtered particles to the mixed organic solvent is 1:(4 - 15); and / or, in step (1), the method of making the reflective film preferably adopts the electrospinning method.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that in step (2), the metal compound in Group VIII is an iron compound, preferably selected from one or more of iron sulfate, iron chloride, and iron nitrate; the particle size of the metal compound powder in Group VIII is 70 mesh to 150 mesh; and / or, in step (2), the particle size of the rubber particle powder is 100 mesh to 300 mesh; and / or, in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from one or more of absolute ethanol, acetone, and chloroform; and / or, in step (2), the organosilicon source is selected from one or more of tetraethyl orthosilicate, triethoxysilane, and n-octyltrichlorosilane; and / or, in step (2), the acid is selected from any one or a combination of several of tartaric acid, salicylic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.

5. The building method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that in step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder in Group VIII, the rubber particle powder, the organic solvent, and the organosilicon source is 1:(0.01 - 0.56):(0.35 - 3):(0.5 - 3.7); and / or, in step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder in Group VIII to the acid solution is 1:(0.35 - 3.55).

6. The building method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that in step (2), the method of making the mixed slurry into a heat-absorbing film adopts the dynamic coating method.

7. The building method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that in step (3), the thickness of the reflective film is 2.5 μm to 20 μm; and / or, the thickness of the heat-absorbing film is 10 μm to 50 μm.

8. The building method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that in step (4), the carrier gas is selected from at least one of high-purity nitrogen or inert gas, and the inert gas is selected from high-purity helium or / and high-purity argon; and / or, in step (4), the phase change material is selected from one or more of industrial paraffin and n-alkanes with a phase change temperature of 37°C to 46°C, and the average molecular weight of the ethylene glycol polymer is 800 to 1500; and / or, in step (4), the degree of alcoholysis of the polyvinyl alcohol is 80% to 90%, and the viscosity is 15 mPa·s to 30 mPa·s; and / or, in step (4), the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is 83% to 95%, the relative molecular weight of the gelatin is 50,000 to 70,000, and the acidic aqueous solution is selected from acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 1% to 5%; and / or, in step (4), the phosphate ester is selected from one or more of dimethyl methylphosphonate, triphenyl phosphate, and trioctyl phosphate; and / or, in step (4), the acrylate is selected from one or more of methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and dipentaerythritol acrylate; and / or, in step (4), the water-soluble aldehyde compound is selected from at least one of glyoxal, succinaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde, preferably glutaraldehyde.

9. The building method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step (4), the melting temperature is 55°C to 64°C; And / or, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin wax, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:(0.25 to 1.5):(0.05 to 0.25); And / or, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin wax, chitosan, gelatin, acidic aqueous solution and water-soluble aldehyde compound is 1:(0.2 to 4):(0.3 to 5):(1.5 to 8):(0.05 to 0.65); And / or, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin wax, phosphate ester and acrylate is 1:(0.2 to 4.0):(0.3 to 5.0).

10. The construction method according to claim 1, Characterized in that, In step (4), the mixture A is mixed and reacted with chitosan, gelatin and acidic aqueous solution, which is carried out under stirring. The stirring speed of the reaction is 1500 rpm to 3300 rpm, the reaction stirring time is 15 min to 45 min, and the reaction temperature is 50°C to 80°C; And / or, in step (4), the continued reaction time after adding the water-soluble aldehyde compound is 30 min to 180 min, the stirring speed is 700 rpm to 1100 rpm, and the temperature is 50°C to 80°C; And / or, in step (4), the mixture B and the phosphate ester and acrylate are at a heating temperature of 50°C to 80°C, for a time of 5 min to 30 min, and the stirring speed is 800 rpm to 1200 rpm.

11. The construction method according to claim 1, Characterized in that, In step (4), the spraying treatment voltage is 20 kV to 80 kV, the gun distance is 12 cm to 35 cm, the spraying pressure is 0.2 bar to 2.3 bar, and the spraying flow rate is 5 mL / min to 25 mL / min; And / or, in step (4), the curing is carried out by ultraviolet light for curing and shaping treatment, wherein the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 300 nm to 400 nm, the curing temperature is 50°C to 120°C, and the curing time is 3 min to 35 min; And / or, in step (4), the thickness of the phase change coating is 75 μm to 200 μm.

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