Method for regulating and controlling flowering phase of fragrant camellia sasanqua variety'big cinnabar '

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of a fragrant camellia sasanqua variety 'Dazhu cup'. The method comprises the following measures: selecting and trimming plants of proper age, applying chrysanthemum enzyme, performing hormone treatment for three times, controlling temperature and humidity, enhancing fertilizer and water management and the like. The camellia sasanqua is gradually recovered from a dormant state to a normal growth state, and is rapidly converted from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, so that the flowering phase of the variety 'Dazhu cup' comes in advance; according to the method, environment-friendly enzyme treatment is combined with a leaf fertilizer applied in the later period, after flower forcing, the flowering period is advanced by 20-30 days, flowering is neat, fragrance is stronger, the flowering period is prolonged by 15-20 days, the flowers can bloom in the national celebration in advance, the ornamental period of the'big cinnabar 'is prolonged, the ornamental value of the'big cinnabar' is further improved, more importantly, the variety of the national celebration potted flowers is enriched, and the ornamental value of the'big cinnabar 'potted flowers is increased. And the market value is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of woody ornamental plant cultivation, and in particular to a method for regulating the flowering period of a fragrant camellia sasanqua variety "Da Zhubei". Background Art

[0002] Camellia sasanqua Thunb. is an evergreen shrub of the Theaceae family and the genus Camellia. It is known as "Haihong" in history and has a cultivation history of more than 1,200 years in China. Because its flower shape has the characteristics of both camellia and plum blossom, it is called Camellia sasanqua. It has a delicate body, elegant leaves, bright colors, long flowering period, and fragrance. It is a famous flower for viewing flowers, smelling fragrance, and viewing leaves. In particular, the flowering period spans autumn, winter, and spring. It is an important landscape flower and tree in autumn, winter, and early spring, and is widely used. Camellia sasanqua is divided into three major groups according to different flowering periods and flower shapes: common Camellia sasanqua group (flowering period from the end of October to mid-December), winter Camellia sasanqua group (flowering period from the end of November to mid-to-late February), and spring Camellia sasanqua group (flowering period from mid-December to mid-to-late February). Among them, the common Camellia sasanqua group varieties have the earliest flowering period, bright colors, and floral fragrance. The variety "Da Zhubei" is one of them. It is used to regulate the flowering period and bloom on National Day, which is of great significance.

[0003] The flower bud differentiation of Camellia sasanqua begins in June and July, and the flowering period varies greatly depending on the group. The natural flowering period of ordinary Camellia sasanqua varieties is generally from the end of October to mid-December. Only a few varieties can bloom in mid-October, and most varieties begin to bloom in mid-November. It is difficult to achieve National Day opening without flower induction treatment.

[0004] At present, the production of camellia sasanqua potted flowers in my country has reached a large scale, mainly concentrated in the flowering and listing in January and February before the Spring Festival. There are currently no camellia potted flowers that can be listed during the National Day. National Day is one of the most important festivals in my country, and there is a great lack of distinctive flowering shrub varieties. Camellia sasanqua has a wide variety of flower colors and types, and is an important autumn and winter flowering variety, but most varieties basically bloom after the end of October. Only a few varieties such as "Asakura", "Rikano" and "Da Zhubei" can bloom close to the National Day, and most of the other initial flowering periods are around mid-November. Therefore, how to make camellia sasanqua bloom and supply the market during the National Day, and to achieve precise control of the flowering period of industrialized and large-scale potted camellia sasanqua production, so as to extend the market supply period of camellia sasanqua is of great significance.

[0005] At present, there is no specialized technology for regulating the flowering period of Camellia sasanqua. Most of the existing technologies refer to the flowering period control of Camellia japonica, but Camellia sasanqua and Camellia japonica have obvious different characteristics. Camellia sasanqua has an earlier flowering period, more flowering quantity, stronger adaptability, and obvious differences in the requirements for light and humidity during flowering. More importantly, Camellia sasanqua has a wider application range than Camellia japonica, and the regulation of its flowering period has more practical significance. At present, most of the existing technologies for regulating the flowering period of Camellia japonica adopt chemical methods such as plant growth regulators for single regulation and control. However, for the regulation of the flowering period, if it can be combined with suitable environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.), the comprehensive methods of physical, chemical, biological (microbial inoculum), and nutritional control can often achieve twice the result with half the effort. Taking comprehensive technical measures to regulate the flowering period of Camellia sasanqua, especially applying microbial inoculum enzyme preparation to the regulation of the flowering period, can make it bloom in advance on National Day, greatly improving the commercial value of potted Camellia sasanqua, which has important significance for adjusting the industrial structure of Camellia sasanqua and increasing the income from Camellia sasanqua cultivation.. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: A method for regulating the flowering period of the fragrant Camellia sasanqua variety "Dazhubei", comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Selection and pruning of Camellia sasanqua varieties and suitable-age plants: According to the target flowering period, 90 days before the target flowering period, select potted Camellia sasanqua "Dazhubei" varieties with good plant shapes, plump plants, strong growth, and no pests and diseases, and perform shaping and pruning on them;

[0008] (2) Temperature control: Starting from the 20th day of the flower-promoting period, in case of high-temperature heat in summer, in order to advance flowering, air-conditioning equipment needs to be used to break dormancy;

[0009] (3) Chrysanthemum enzyme treatment: Starting from the 20th day of the flower-promoting period, pour 300-fold chrysanthemum enzyme, pour it once every 7 days, and continuously pour it 3 times until early August to prompt it to break dormancy as soon as possible and turn into reproductive growth;

[0010] (4) Hormone regulation: Starting from the 40th day of the flower-promoting period, spray the plants with 0.8 ml / L gibberellin solution once every 24 hours, and continuously treat them 3 times;

[0011] (5) Light management: Starting from the 1st day to the 40th day of the flower-promoting period, place the plants in an environment with good ventilation, 50% shading degree, and light intensity of at least 1200 Lux for maintenance; starting from the 41st day of the flower-promoting period to flowering, place them in a full-light environment for maintenance;

[0012] (6) Fertilization management: Starting from the 50th day after the flower promotion period until before budding and flowering, top-dress a 2% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer every 10 days for 3 consecutive times; after budding, spray foliar fertilizer on the plants every 10 days for 3 consecutive times; during the full-bloom period, top-dress a 2% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer by watering to ensure sufficient nutrient supply;

[0013] (7) Water and humidity control: Keep the pot soil moist during the flower promotion period. Avoid the pot soil being too dry and white, which may affect flower bud differentiation; keep the humidity between 70% and 80% all the time. Use a spraying device to spray water once at 10 am and 3 pm every day during high-temperature periods to keep the surrounding air humidity.

[0014] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0015] 1. By regularly watering a certain amount of microbial inoculum (chrysanthemum enzyme) during the cultivation of camellia sasanqua, the microorganisms can produce nutrients required for plant growth, increase the accumulation of nutrients inside camellia sasanqua, and provide a nutritional basis for the later neat flowering and extended flowering period of camellia sasanqua.

[0016] 2. After camellia sasanqua gradually adapts to the new environmental conditions, flower forcing treatment can be started until the flower buds show color or are in full bloom. The plant growth hormones produced during the fermentation process of chrysanthemum enzyme can stimulate plant growth, and at the same time, auxin substances such as indoleacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid rich in the enzyme can accelerate and promote the flowering of camellia sasanqua.

[0017] 3. During the acclimation and flower forcing treatment of camellia sasanqua, the air humidity is relatively high, and the plants are prone to diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to alternately spray the plants with thiophanate-methyl solution and chlorothalonil solution to avoid camellia sasanqua being infected and affecting the flowering quality.

[0018] 4. This method is suitable for most regions of China, realizing the off-season flowering of camellia sasanqua "Dazhubei". It extends the ornamental period, meets the market demand, and greatly improves the economic benefits. Specific implementation mode

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1:

[0021] Taking the camellia sasanqua variety "Dazhubei" as an example, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described. The normal flowering period of the camellia sasanqua variety "Dazhubei" is late October, and the target flowering period is September 22 - 30; the flower forcing treatment measures: chrysanthemum enzyme treatment + hormone treatment + temperature and light control + fertilization management + water and humidity control, specifically including the following steps:

[0022] (1) Suitable plant selection and treatment: Select the five-year-old common camellia variety "Dazhubei" with a plump plant type, strong growth, no obvious pests and diseases, and a normal flowering period in late October from the common camellia group varieties as the variety for flower forcing, and perform appropriate shaping and pruning treatments, including pruning the sprouting branches, crossing branches, weak branches, and overly dense branches among them.

[0023] (2) Temperature control: Starting from the 20th day of the flower forcing period (July 15th), use air conditioning facilities to gradually lower the night temperature to 15°C and keep the day temperature at 22°C for 30 days, and then gradually raise the temperature to ensure that the night temperature rises to 22°C, the day growth temperature remains at 28°C, and the night temperature remains at 22°C to break dormancy and turn it into normal growth until it blooms.

[0024] (3) Chrysanthemum enzyme treatment: Starting from the 20th day of the flower forcing period (July 15th), pour 300 times the chrysanthemum enzyme, pour it once every 10 days, and continuously pour it 3 times until early August to prompt it to break dormancy and turn into reproductive growth as soon as possible.

[0025] (4) Hormone regulation: Starting from the 40th day of the flower forcing period (August 5th), spray the plant with a 0.8 ml / L gibberellin solution once every 24 hours. Continuously treat it 3 times.

[0026] (5) Light management: Starting from the 1st day to the 40th day of the flower forcing period (August 5th), place the plant in an environment with good ventilation and a certain degree of shade (shade degree 50%, light intensity at least 1200 Lux or more) for maintenance. Starting from the 41st day of the flower forcing period until it blooms, place it in a full-light environment for maintenance.

[0027] (6) Fertilization management: Starting from the 50th day of the flower forcing period until before budding, top-dress 2% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 30:15:10) once every 10 days. Continuously pour it 3 times. After budding, spray foliar fertilizer on the plant once every 10 days. The foliar fertilizer uses 1000 times the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with EC = 1.2 + 1% urea + 300 times rice vinegar. Continuously spray it 3 times. During the full-bloom period, top-dress 2% compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:30:15) for pouring to ensure sufficient nutrient supply.

[0028] According to this operation, the early flowering period is on September 26th (30% of the flowers bloom); the flower diameter is 6.2 cm, the number of flowers in full bloom is 28; the flowering period can reach 28 days.

[0029] Example 2:

[0030] Taking the cultivar "Big Red Cup" as an example; Flower forcing treatment measures: Only hormone treatment is carried out, and no chrysanthemum enzyme is applied; The temperature, light, humidity control measures and fertilization, water management measures are the same as those in Example 1, and specifically include the following steps:

[0031] (1) Selection and treatment of suitable plants: Select plants with basically the same seedling age, plant type and size as those in Example 1 from the common camellia group. Conduct appropriate shaping and pruning treatments, including pruning the sprouting branches, cross branches, weak branches and over-dense branches among them.

[0032] (2) Temperature control: Starting from the 20th day of the flower forcing period (July 15th), use air conditioning facilities to gradually reduce the night temperature to 15°C and keep the day temperature at 22°C for 30 days. Then gradually increase the temperature to ensure that the night temperature rises to 22°C, the day growth temperature remains at 28°C, and the night temperature remains at 22°C to break dormancy and transfer it to normal growth.

[0033] (3) Hormone regulation: Starting from the 40th day of the flower forcing period (August 5th), spray the plants with a gibberellin solution of 0.5 - 1 ml / L every 24 hours. Treat continuously for 3 times.

[0034] (4) Light management: From the 1st day to the 40th day of the flower forcing period (August 5th), place the plants in an environment with good ventilation and a certain degree of shade (shading degree 50%, light intensity at least 1200 Lux or more) for maintenance. From the 41st day of the flower forcing period until flowering, place them in a full-light environment for maintenance.

[0035] (5) Fertilization management: Starting from the 50th day of the flower forcing period until before budding, top-dress with a 2% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 30:15:10) every 10 days for 1 time. Water continuously for 3 times. After budding, spray foliar fertilizer on the plants every 10 days. The foliar fertilizer uses a 1000-fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with EC = 1.2 + 1% urea + 300-fold rice vinegar. Spray continuously for 3 times. During the full-bloom period, top-dress with a 2% compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:30:15) for watering to ensure sufficient nutrient supply.

[0036] According to this operation, the early flowering period is on September 23rd (30% of the flowers bloom); the flower diameter is 5.6 cm, the number of flowers in the full-bloom period is 16; the flowering period can reach 22 days.

[0037] Example 3:

[0038] Taking the cultivar "Big Red Cup" as an example to illustrate. Flower forcing treatment measures: Only chrysanthemum enzyme treatment is carried out, and no hormone is used to promote flowering; The temperature, light, humidity control measures and fertilization, water management measures are the same as those in Example 1, and specifically include the following steps:

[0039] (1) Adapted plant selection and treatment: Select plants from the common camellia sasanqua group that are basically the same in seedling age, plant type, and size as those in Example 1. Conduct appropriate shaping and pruning treatments.

[0040] (2) Temperature control: Starting from the 20th day (July 15th) of the flower promotion period, use air conditioning facilities to gradually lower the night temperature to 15°C and keep the day temperature at 22°C for 30 consecutive days. Then gradually raise the temperature to ensure that the night temperature rises to 22°C, the day growth temperature remains at 28°C, and the night temperature remains at 22°C to break dormancy and enable it to enter normal growth.

[0041] (3) Chrysanthemum enzyme treatment: Starting from the 20th day (July 15th) of the flower promotion period, pour 300 - fold chrysanthemum enzyme, once every 10 days, and continuously pour 3 times until early August to prompt it to break dormancy and enter reproductive growth as soon as possible. Since the enzyme contains rich enzymes, vitamins, minerals, plant growth regulators, and secondary metabolites, it can be used in camellia sasanqua cultivation to improve the plant's immunity and enable it to break dormancy and resume growth as soon as possible.

[0042] (4) Light management: From the 1st day to the 40th day (August 5th) of the flower promotion period, place the plants in an environment with good ventilation and a certain degree of shading (shading degree 50%, light intensity at least above 1200 Lux) for maintenance. From the 41st day of the flower promotion period until flowering, place them in a full - light environment for maintenance.

[0043] (5) Fertilization management: Starting from the 50th day of the flower promotion period until before budding, top - dress 2% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 30:15:10) once every 10 days. Continuously pour 3 times. After budding, spray foliar fertilizer on the plants once every 10 days. The foliar fertilizer uses 1000 - fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate with EC = 1.2 + 1% urea + 300 - fold rice vinegar. Continuously spray 3 times. During the full - bloom period, top - dress 2% compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:30:15) for pouring to ensure sufficient nutrient supply.

[0044] According to this operation, the early - flowering period is on October 23rd (30% of the flowers bloom); the flower diameter is 6.0 cm, the number of flowers in the full - bloom period is 22; the flowering period can reach 25 days.

[0045] Example 4: (Control treatment)

[0046] To compare the effect of forcing cultivation on early flowering, taking the variety "Dazhubei" as an example; the flower - forcing treatment measures: neither conduct chrysanthemum enzyme treatment nor apply hormone for flower forcing; do not conduct special temperature control, and the light, humidity control measures, fertilization, and water management measures are the same as those in Example 1, specifically including the following steps:

[0047] (1) Selection and treatment of suitable plants: Select plants from the common camellia sasanqua group that are basically the same in seedling age, plant type, and size as those in Example 1. Conduct appropriate shaping and pruning treatments.

[0048] (2) Temperature control: According to the requirements of daily cultivation, no special temperature control is carried out. Only appropriate sprinkling is carried out to cool down during extremely high temperature periods in summer.

[0049] (3) Light management: From the first day to the 40th day (August 5th) of the flower promotion period, place the plants in an environment with good ventilation and a certain degree of shading (shading degree 50%, light intensity at least 1200 Lux or more) for maintenance. From the 41st day of the flower promotion period until flowering, place them in a full-light environment for maintenance.

[0050] (4) Fertilization management: From the 50th day after the start of the flower promotion period until before budding, top-dress 2% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 30:15:10) once every 10 days. Continuously apply it by watering for 3 times. After budding, spray foliar fertilizer on the plants once every 10 days. The foliar fertilizer uses 1000-fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with EC = 1.2 + 1% urea + 300-fold rice vinegar. Continuously spray it for 3 times. During the full-bloom period, top-dress 2% compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:30:15) by watering to ensure sufficient nutrient supply.

[0051] According to this operation, the early flowering period is on November 10th (30% of the flowers are in bloom); the flower diameter is 5.8 cm, the number of flowers in full bloom is 20; and the flowering period can reach 32 days.

[0052] Through comprehensive comparison of the four examples, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0053] For the national day flower promotion treatment of the common camellia sasanqua variety "Dazhubei", the comprehensive treatment measures of using chrysanthemum enzyme treatment + hormone treatment + temperature and light control + fertilization management + water and humidity control can significantly promote the flowering period to be earlier and extend the flowering period, and the flowering quality is higher and the fragrance is stronger. Without chrysanthemum enzyme treatment but only hormone treatment, although the flowering period can be advanced, the flowering period is shortened and the flowering quality decreases slightly. Only chrysanthemum enzyme treatment without hormone treatment, although the flowering period is slightly extended, the effect of advancing the flowering period is not obvious. Using traditional means without flowering period regulation cultivation, the flowering period is in November during the normal flowering period, and the number and quality of flowers are reduced and decreased compared with Example 1. Therefore, the best treatment method is the comprehensive treatment method of Example 1.

[0054] The above describes the present invention and its implementation manners. This description is not restrictive. Generally speaking, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, design similar structural manners and embodiments to this technical solution without creative efforts, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the flowering period of the aromatic camellia sasanqua variety "Da Zhubei", characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Selection and pruning of sasanqua varieties and plants of appropriate age: According to the target flowering period, 90 days before the target flowering period, select the potted sasanqua "Da Zhubei" variety with good plant shape, full plants, strong growth, and no diseases and insect pests, and shape and prune it; (2) Temperature control: Starting from the 20th day of the flowering promotion period, if it is hot in the summer, air conditioning equipment should be used to break dormancy in order to bloom early; (3) Chrysanthemum enzyme treatment: From the 20th day after the flowering period, apply 300 times the concentration of chrysanthemum enzyme, once every 7 days, for 3 consecutive times until early August, to help the plants break dormancy and enter reproductive growth as soon as possible; (4) Hormone regulation: Starting from the 40th day after the flowering period, the plants were sprayed with 0.8 ml / L gibberellin solution once every 24 hours for 3 consecutive times; (5) Light management: From the first day to the 40th day of the flowering period, the plants should be placed in a well-ventilated environment with a shade of 50% and a light intensity of at least 1200 Lux. From the 41st day of the flowering period until flowering, the plants should be placed in a full light environment. (6) Fertilization management: From the 50th day after the start of the flowering period to before budding and flowering, apply 2% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once every 10 days for 3 consecutive times; after budding, spray the plants with foliar fertilizer every 10 days for 3 consecutive times; during the flowering period, apply 2% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer for watering to ensure adequate nutrient supply; (7) Water and humidity control: Keep the potting soil moist during the flowering period, and avoid the soil being too dry and white, which will affect the differentiation of flower buds; the humidity should always be maintained between 70% and 80%. During the high temperature period, use a spray device to spray water once at 10 am and 3 pm every day to maintain the humidity of the surrounding air.

2. A method for regulating the flowering period of the aromatic Camellia sasanqua variety "Da Zhubei" according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaping and pruning in step (1) includes pruning sucker branches, crossing branches, weak branches, and overcrowded branches.

3. A method for regulating the flowering period of the aromatic Camellia sasanqua variety "Da Zhubei" according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the air conditioning device is used to break the dormancy. The specific operation is as follows: (2.1) Use air conditioning equipment to reduce the night temperature to 15-16°C and maintain the daytime temperature at 20-25°C for 30 days; (2.2) Then gradually increase the temperature, keeping the night temperature at 20-22°C and the daytime growth temperature at 25-28°C.

4. A method for regulating the flowering period of the aromatic Camellia sasanqua variety "Da Zhubei" according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer before budding and flowering in step (6) has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of N:P:K=30:15:

10.

5. A method for regulating the flowering period of the aromatic Camellia sasanqua variety "Da Zhubei" according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foliar fertilizer in step (6) includes 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with EC=1.2, 1% urea and 300 times of rice vinegar.

6. A method for regulating the flowering period of the aromatic Camellia sasanqua variety "Da Zhubei" according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer applied during the flowering period has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of N:P:K=15:30:15.