Intracranial information monitoring and nerve electrical stimulation regulation and control system based on minimally invasive nerve interface

Abstract

The invention provides an intracranial information monitoring and nerve electrical stimulation regulation and control system based on a minimally invasive nerve interface, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The system comprises a minimally invasive surgery device used for guiding a flexible electrode into an internal cerebral artery through jugular vein puncture; the flexible electrode comprises a data acquisition and transmission module and an electrical stimulation regulation and control module, the data acquisition and transmission module is used for acquiring intracranial pressure and electroencephalogram signals, and the electrical stimulation regulation and control module is used for nerve electrical stimulation regulation and control. According to the intracranial information monitoring and nerve electrical stimulation regulation and control system based on the minimally invasive nerve interface, high-precision electroencephalogram signal collection and intracranial pressure monitoring are achieved, damage to a patient caused by a traditional invasive monitoring means is remarkably reduced through a minimally invasive implantation mode of the flexible electrode, and the system is suitable for popularization and application. And an innovative technical solution is provided for diagnosis and intervention of nervous system diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to an intracranial information monitoring and nerve electrical stimulation regulation system based on a minimally invasive nerve interface. Background Art

[0002] Intracranial pressure (ICP), as a key indicator reflecting the state of the cerebral ventricles, is of great significance for improving the prognosis of nerve function. However, although the current invasive ICP monitoring methods clinically relied on have advantages such as high precision and continuity, they are often accompanied by operation-related complications such as intracranial hemorrhage and infection, bringing certain risks to patients. Therefore, exploring an intracranial pressure monitoring technology that is both accurate and reliable and causes less damage to patients has become a major problem to be solved urgently in the field of nervous system disease monitoring.

[0003] At the same time, the rapid development of Brain-Machine Interface (BCI) technology has opened up a new path for the monitoring of nervous system diseases. BCI technology directly establishes a communication and control channel between the brain and external devices by bypassing the peripheral nerves and muscles, realizes the conversion of brain signals into electrical signals, and then completes the transmission and control of information. However, BCI technology also faces the trade-off between precision and safety. Although non-invasive BCI can avoid surgical injuries, the precision of electroencephalogram signals recorded through the skull and meninges is limited; while invasive BCI can break through the precision limit, it inevitably brings risks such as chronic neuroinflammation and local brain tissue damage. Therefore, how to improve the precision of electroencephalogram signals while minimizing patient harm has become an important research direction.

[0004] Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), as a reversible and adjustable form of brain stimulation, performs focal electrical stimulation on specific brain structures or circuits through surgically implanted electrodes. However, DBS also faces risks such as infection and bleeding caused by invasive surgery, as well as the problem of long-term chronic damage. In addition, for different diseases, the precise positioning of the stimulation point is also a major challenge for DBS.

[0005] In response to the above problems, the proposal of flexible electrodes provides a new idea for the solution. Flexible electrodes, with their biocompatibility, small size, high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, etc., can be more effectively implanted into brain tissue for precise data collection and regulation. At the same time, with the continuous progress of medical technology, the innovation of minimally invasive surgical methods has also provided new possibilities for the implantation of flexible electrodes. The integration and development of these technologies are expected to bring revolutionary breakthroughs to the fields of intracranial pressure monitoring, brain-machine interface, and deep brain stimulation, and provide a safer, more effective, and more precise monitoring solution for patients. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an intracranial information monitoring and neuromodulation system based on a minimally invasive neural interface, which realizes high-precision electroencephalogram (EEG) signal acquisition and intracranial pressure monitoring, and significantly reduces the damage to patients by traditional invasive monitoring methods through the minimally invasive implantation method of flexible electrodes, providing an innovative technical solution for the diagnosis and intervention of nervous system diseases.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an intracranial information monitoring and neuromodulation system based on a minimally invasive neural interface, comprising:

[0008] A minimally invasive surgical device for introducing a flexible electrode into the internal cerebral artery through jugular vein puncture;

[0009] A flexible electrode comprising a data acquisition and transmission module and an electrical stimulation regulation module, wherein the data acquisition and transmission module is used for acquiring intracranial pressure and EEG signals, and the electrical stimulation regulation module is used for performing neuromodulation.

[0010] Preferably, the data acquisition and transmission module includes an intracranial pressure signal transmission unit and an EEG signal acquisition unit.

[0011] Preferably, the intracranial pressure signal transmission unit includes a reader and a passive sensor; the reader is composed of a protection resistor and a reading coil; the passive sensor uses a capacitor as a pressure sensor and a double-layer planar spiral inductor as an inductor unit to form an LC oscillation circuit.

[0012] Preferably, the electrical stimulation regulation module is designed with magnetoelectric materials, and the pulse width and pulse amplitude are regulated by controlling the opening and closing of the magnetic field.

[0013] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned intracranial information monitoring and neuromodulation system based on a minimally invasive neural interface, and the beneficial technical effects are as follows:

[0014] (1) Introduce a new minimally invasive neural interface for monitoring and regulating nervous system diseases. The system monitors EEG signals by placing a flexible electrode at a specific position in the brain through the jugular vein, retaining both the characteristics of small damage of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces and the characteristics of strong signals of invasive brain-computer interfaces, and adding an intracranial pressure monitoring and electrical stimulation regulation module, thus providing a new method and idea for the monitoring and regulation of nervous system diseases. Compared with the current monitoring and regulation methods, this innovation can more effectively assist the current monitoring and regulation of nervous system diseases, providing a useful reference for the theoretical research of the pathological mechanisms of diseases. Further, this invention is expected to provide an important research basis for future nervous system diseases, bringing considerable social and economic benefits.

[0015] (2) The method of monitoring and regulation by minimally invasive implantation of flexible electrodes proposed by the present invention greatly reduces the trauma caused by craniotomy for patients and the probability of postoperative complications, and collects more accurate physiological information data such as electroencephalogram signals and intracranial pressure. At the same time, the added neural electrical stimulation module can perform more precise regulation on the lesion site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is the overall process plan;

[0017] Figure 2 is the internal jugular vein puncture process;

[0018] Figure 3 is the navigation line diagram of the flexible electrode;

[0019] Figure 4 is the intracranial pressure monitoring and signal transmission method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0022] Embodiment 1

[0023] The overall system design of the present invention is as Figure 1 shown, mainly including minimally invasive surgery, positioning flexible electrodes, monitoring physiological information, and electrical stimulation for neural regulation.

[0024] Before minimally invasive surgery, a puncture kit, a disinfection kit, a single-lumen, double-lumen or triple-lumen deep vein catheter, a heparin cap, povidone iodine, a syringe, and lidocaine local anesthetic should be prepared. After the patient's position is prepared, minimally invasive surgery begins.

[0025] Perform a puncture operation on the patient at the internal jugular vein, and inject a contrast agent to obtain a complete vascular access. Inject the guide wire connected to the passive flexible electrode from the puncture site, and navigate to the target position according to the navigation. At this time, bring the reader close to the vicinity of the skull, read the intracranial pressure and electroencephalogram-related physiological signals, and at the same time, comprehensively analyze according to relevant information such as the patient's past history, clinical symptoms, and imaging examinations, adjust the appropriate electrical stimulation plan, set the waveform through the reader, and perform electrical stimulation on the patient.

[0026] Internal jugular vein puncture.

[0027] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, first, the internal jugular vein of the patient is punctured. Since the right internal jugular vein is thicker, the right internal jugular vein is generally selected for puncture and needle insertion. Before puncture, the patient takes a supine position, with a small pillow under the shoulder on the puncture side. The shoulder is overextended and the head is tilted backward by 20° - 30°, and the head is turned to the opposite side for puncture. The puncture site is usually selected at the midpoint or slightly above the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The needle shaft forms an angle of 30° with the skin for puncture. When there is a sense of breakthrough and blood is aspirated, it indicates successful blood vessel puncture.

[0028] Flexible electrode navigation and deployment.

[0029] As Figure 3 shown in the figure, first, a minimally invasive surgery is performed on the patient. After local anesthesia of the patient, the jugular vein is located, and a heparin bolus of 50 IU / kg is injected intravenously to inhibit the activation of prothrombin. At this time, a contrast agent is injected to obtain the image of the blood vessel, and a positioning and navigation plan is formulated. Then, the guiding needle connected to the flexible electrode is inserted into the jugular vein along the navigation route, and retrograde to the confluence of sinuses. And continue to ascend along the direction of the straight sinus to the great cerebral vein, and finally enter the internal cerebral vein, and fix the flexible electrode.

[0030] Flexible electrode design.

[0031] (1) Data acquisition and transmission module:

[0032] As Figure 4 shown in the figure, the intracranial pressure signal transmission unit mainly consists of a reader and a passive sensor.

[0033] The reader consists of a protection resistor R 0 and a reading coil L 0 constituting it.

[0034] The passive sensor uses a capacitor C S as a pressure sensor, and a double-layer planar spiral inductor Ls as an inductor unit to form an LC oscillation circuit. When the intracranial pressure changes, the capacitor will change accordingly according to the magnitude of the pressure, resulting in a change in the resonance frequency of the LC, thereby monitoring the data of the intracranial pressure. At this time, the reader is brought close to the passive sensor, and the reading coil L 0 realizes mutual inductance coupling with the inductor unit of the passive sensor, thereby realizing wireless transmission of signals, and further recording the intracranial pressure data of the patient.

[0035] Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal acquisition unit: The EEG signal is collected using a flexible implanted electrode. The implanted flexible electrode finally reaches the internal cerebral vein passing through the surface of the thalamus through navigation and positioning to monitor EEG information. The signal transmission method can adopt the high-frequency radio frequency method. An antenna is printed on the flexible electrode, and the voltage on the reader is changed by turning on and off the load resistor set on the electrode, thereby recording the EEG data in real time.

[0036] (2) Electrical Stimulation Regulation Module:

[0037] The electrical stimulation regulation module is designed with a magnetoelectric material receiver composed of mechanically coupled Metglas and lead zirconate titanate. When controlling the opening and closing of the magnetic field, the unsmoothed rectified voltage across the diode and the smoothed power supply voltage of the capacitor are compared for decoding. When the magnetic field is closed, the rectified voltage is lower than the power supply voltage; when the magnetic field is open, the rectified voltage is higher than the power supply voltage. Through programming, the regulation of pulse width and pulse amplitude can be achieved.

[0038] It should be noted that the content not elaborated in detail in the present invention is prior art and well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0039] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned intracranial information monitoring and neural electrical stimulation regulation system based on a minimally invasive neural interface, realizing high-precision electroencephalogram signal acquisition and intracranial pressure monitoring, and significantly reducing the damage to patients by traditional invasive monitoring means through the minimally invasive implantation method of flexible electrodes, providing an innovative technical solution for the diagnosis and intervention of nervous system diseases.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intracranial information monitoring and neural electrical stimulation control system based on a minimally invasive neural interface, characterized in that: include: a minimally invasive surgical device for introducing a flexible electrode into the internal cerebral artery via jugular vein puncture; The flexible electrode comprises a data acquisition and transmission module and an electrical stimulation control module. The data acquisition and transmission module is used to collect intracranial pressure and electroencephalogram signals, and the electrical stimulation control module is used to perform neural electrical stimulation control.

2. According to claim 1, a system for intracranial information monitoring and neural electrical stimulation control based on a minimally invasive neural interface is characterized in that: The data acquisition and transmission module includes an intracranial pressure signal transmission unit and an electroencephalogram signal acquisition unit.

3. The intracranial information monitoring and neural electrical stimulation control system based on a minimally invasive neural interface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intracranial pressure signal transmission unit includes a reader and a passive sensor; the reader is composed of a protection resistor and a reading coil; the passive sensor uses a capacitor as a pressure sensor and a double-layer planar spiral inductor as an inductance unit to form an LC oscillation circuit.

4. The intracranial information monitoring and neural electrical stimulation control system based on a minimally invasive neural interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical stimulation control module is designed with magnetoelectric materials and controls the pulse width and pulse amplitude by controlling the opening and closing of the magnetic field.

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