Method, device and equipment for downloading instruction while drilling under pressure control

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of drilling engineering, and discloses a method, device and equipment for controlling pressure and downloading an instruction while drilling, according to the method, a well bottom pressure negative fluctuation of a downloading instruction while drilling is balanced in a mode of constructing a well mouth back pressure real-time prediction model of a target area and calculating real-time target back pressure, and in the process, the real-time target back pressure is calculated; key parameters of a wellhead back pressure real-time prediction model are determined by acquiring standing pressure parameters and bottom hole pressure parameters in a non-control instruction downloading process, namely, wellhead back pressure adjustment proportion parameters are determined, so that initialization of the wellhead back pressure real-time prediction model is completed, and real-time measurement standing pressure in a pressure control instruction downloading process is acquired, so that the wellhead back pressure real-time prediction model is obtained. The real-time target return pressure is calculated through the constructed wellhead return pressure real-time prediction model, and the wellhead pressure is adjusted in real time according to the real-time target return pressure, so that the bottom hole pressure negative fluctuation of the instruction transmitted while drilling is balanced, the downhole complex occurrence probability is reduced, and the drilling safety is further guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling engineering, and particularly relates to a method, device, and equipment for transmitting commands while controlling pressure while drilling. Background Art

[0002] With the exploration and development of deep oil and gas resources, the formation is becoming more and more complex, and the number of formations with narrow safety windows encountered during drilling is also increasing, resulting in higher requirements for the control of the pressure in the drilling wellbore. The fine pressure control drilling technology can accurately measure the flow rate of the wellbore return, timely detect the signs of overflow, automatically adjust the wellhead backpressure, and then accurately control the bottom hole pressure, solving the engineering problem of coexistence of overflow and leakage in formations with narrow safety windows. The rotary steerable drilling technology can automatically adjust the instrument parameters by transmitting commands to downhole instruments, realizing rotary directional drilling, and accurately and efficiently controlling the well path. It is a high-end drilling technology for directional drilling in deep and ultra-deep wells and large-displacement complex-structured wells. The commands transmitted by the rotary steerable are mostly shunted from the riser to form a negative flow signal by reducing the flow rate into the well, and communicate with the downhole instruments, which will cause a negative pressure fluctuation at the bottom hole. Applying the rotary steerable drilling technology in formations with narrow safety windows will face problems such as overflow and wellbore wall caving caused by negative pressure fluctuations, affecting drilling safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to balance the negative pressure fluctuation in the wellbore during the process of transmitting commands while controlling pressure and balance, without affecting the transmitted command signal, to ensure drilling safety.

[0003] In related technologies, there are relatively mature methods and processes for various drilling operations such as pressure control drilling, pressure control while tripping out, and pressure control while tripping in. However, during the process of transmitting commands by the rotary steerable, due to the characteristics of rapid, large-scale, and fluctuating changes in the flow rate into the well, it is easy to cause rapid, large-scale, and fluctuating changes in the bottom hole pressure response, and the change rate is at the second level, with strong real-time characteristics. However, the existing pressure control methods can only better control the state changes of the bottom hole pressure, and there is no real-time prediction method for the wellhead backpressure for the strong fluctuation state and strong real-time requirements of the bottom hole pressure during the process of transmitting commands, so it is impossible to better balance the negative pressure fluctuation during the transmission of commands. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method, device, and equipment for transmitting commands while controlling pressure while drilling to solve the technical problem of being unable to balance the negative pressure fluctuation.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for transmitting commands while controlling pressure while drilling. The command transmission while controlling pressure while drilling includes a non-pressure-controlled transmission process and a pressure-controlled command transmission process. The method includes: obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process of the target area; determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter; constructing a real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure of the target area; obtaining the real-time measured value of the standpipe pressure, the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the pressure-controlled command transmission process in the target area; determining the real-time adjustment coefficient based on the real-time measured value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure; inputting the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, the real-time adjustment coefficient, and the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter into the real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure, and calculating the real-time target backpressure.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of one aspect, determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter includes: determining the standpipe pressure change coefficient based on the standpipe pressure parameter; determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the bottomhole pressure parameter and the standpipe pressure change coefficient.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of one aspect, the standpipe pressure parameter includes: the first maximum value of the standpipe pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process, the first minimum value of the standpipe pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process, and the initial value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the pressure-controlled command transmission process. Determining the standpipe pressure change coefficient based on the standpipe pressure parameter includes: determining the standpipe pressure change value based on the difference between the first maximum value and the first minimum value; determining the standpipe pressure change coefficient based on the standpipe pressure change value and the initial value of the standpipe pressure.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of one aspect, the bottomhole pressure parameter includes: the second maximum value of the bottomhole pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process, the second minimum value of the bottomhole pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process. Determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the bottomhole pressure parameter and the standpipe pressure change coefficient includes: determining the bottomhole pressure change value based on the second maximum value and the second minimum value; determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the bottomhole pressure change value and the standpipe pressure change coefficient.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of one aspect, the real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure of the target area is represented by the following formula:

[0010] P b =P b0 +C pb ×N

[0011] where P b represents the wellhead backpressure of the target area, P b0 represents the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, C pbIt represents the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter, and N represents the real-time adjustment coefficient.

[0012] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of one aspect, based on the real-time measurement value and the initial standpipe pressure value, determining the real-time adjustment coefficient includes: determining the real-time change value of the standpipe pressure based on the initial standpipe pressure value and the real-time measurement value; determining the real-time adjustment coefficient based on the real-time change value and the initial standpipe pressure value.

[0013] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of one aspect, obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter during the non-controlled downlink command process of the target area includes: obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter based on the wellbore flow prediction software.

[0014] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of one aspect, obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter during the non-controlled downlink command process of the target area includes: using the standpipe pressure measured in real time and the bottomhole pressure measured in real time during the non-controlled downlink command process as the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter respectively based on the measuring instrument.

[0015] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a device for controlling pressure while drilling and downlinking commands. The device includes: an acquisition module for acquiring the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter during the rotary steerable while-drilling downlink command process of the target area; a calculation module for determining the real-time target backpressure based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter; and an adjustment module for adjusting the wellhead pressure based on the real-time target backpressure, so as to balance the pressure negative fluctuation through the target backpressure.

[0016] In the third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the method for controlling pressure while drilling and downlinking commands according to the first aspect or any corresponding implementation manner thereof.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] A method, device, and equipment for transmitting commands while controlling pressure during drilling. This method balances the negative bottomhole pressure fluctuation during command transmission while drilling by constructing a real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure in the target area and calculating the real-time target backpressure. In this process, the key parameters of the real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure, that is, the adjustment ratio parameter for the wellhead backpressure, are determined by obtaining the standpipe pressure parameters and bottomhole pressure parameters during non-pressure-controlled command transmission, thereby completing the initialization of the real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure. And by obtaining the real-time measured standpipe pressure during pressure-controlled command transmission, the real-time target backpressure is calculated through the constructed real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure, and the wellhead pressure is adjusted in real time with the real-time target backpressure, so as to balance the negative bottomhole pressure fluctuation during command transmission while drilling, reduce the probability of downhole complications, and further ensure drilling safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a pressure-controlled command transmission system while drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an ideal signal for command transmission while drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the corresponding relationship between the standpipe pressure and the bottomhole pressure for command transmission while drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting commands while controlling pressure during drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the predicted backpressure for command transmission while controlling pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the bottomhole pressures for pressure-controlled and non-pressure-controlled command transmission while drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the bottomhole flow rates for pressure-controlled and non-pressure-controlled command transmission while drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8It is a schematic flow chart of another method for transmitting commands while drilling under pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 It is a structural block diagram of a device for transmitting commands while drilling under pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 It is a schematic hardware structure diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for transmitting commands while drilling under pressure. As Figure 1 shown, the system includes: a drilling fluid tank, a drilling pump, an RSS (rotary steering system) central control unit, an RSS manifold, an MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) choke manifold, a separator, etc. The inlet of the RSS manifold is connected to the riser, and the outlet is connected to the drilling fluid tank. The RSS manifold is controlled by the RSS central control unit of the surface equipment for rotary steering, which can open and close the valves of the RSS manifold to finely control the connection between the inlet of the MPD choke manifold and the outlet of the wellhead. The outlet of the MPD choke manifold is connected to the separator, and the separator is connected to the drilling fluid pipe.

[0032] During the normal drilling process, the valves of the manifold are in the closed state. The drilling fluid is pumped by the drilling pump and enters the well entirely from the riser, passes through the downhole instruments via the drill string, enters the wellbore annulus, and returns to the wellhead; it passes through the fine managed pressure drilling system and the separator and then returns to the drilling fluid tank.

[0033] During the process of transmitting commands under non-controlled pressure, according to the information to be transmitted, the opening and closing of the valves of the rotary steerable diverter manifold are regularly controlled; when the valves are open, part of the drilling fluid also flows through the diverter manifold and directly returns to the mud tank, and the flow rate of the drilling fluid entering the well through the riser decreases; when the valves are closed, all the drilling fluid enters the well through the riser, and the flow rate of the drilling fluid entering the well is restored; by regularly opening and closing the valves in this way, the flow rate of the drilling fluid entering the well is controlled to form a negative pulse to send information to the downhole instrument; the downhole instrument measures the change in the flow rate of the drilling fluid and decodes the information, thereby realizing the transmission of commands. During this process, due to the reduced filterability of the flow rate entering the well, it will inevitably cause a negative fluctuation in the bottom hole pressure.

[0034] During the process of transmitting commands under controlled pressure, during the process of transmitting commands, the fine pressure control drilling system measures the standpipe pressure and uses a mathematical model to predict the target back pressure in real time, and adjusts the wellhead back pressure, that is, the target back pressure, to balance the negative fluctuation of the bottom hole pressure.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a method for transmitting commands while drilling under controlled pressure is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0036] In an alternative embodiment, during the process of transmitting commands while drilling with a rotary steerable system, the ideal signal of the in-well flow rate signal is as Figure 2 shown. Combining the description of the non-controlled pressure command transmission part in the foregoing embodiments, it can be seen that during this process, it will inevitably cause a severe and rapid fluctuation in the bottom hole pressure. During this process, the relationship between the standpipe pressure and the bottom hole pressure is as Figure 3 shown. It can be seen that the real-time change of the standpipe pressure can represent the bottom hole pressure. Combining the description of the foregoing embodiments, it can be known that the negative fluctuation of the bottom hole pressure is related to this, that is, the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure can be used to predict the target back pressure, so as to realize the adjustment of the wellhead back pressure and balance the negative fluctuation of the bottom hole pressure during the process of transmitting commands while drilling. Therefore, this embodiment provides a method for transmitting commands while drilling under controlled pressure, as Figure 4 shown, including the following steps:

[0037] S101. Obtain the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter in the process of transmitting commands under non-controlled conditions in the target area.

[0038] In an alternative embodiment, obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter in the process of transmitting commands under non-controlled conditions in the target area includes: obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter based on wellbore flow prediction software.

[0039] Specifically, based on the wellbore flow prediction software, obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter means inputting parameters such as the inflow rate into the well, the density of the well drilling fluid, the viscosity of the well drilling fluid, and the wellbore structure and drill string combination into the wellbore flow prediction software, so as to predict the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter in the process of non-controlled downlink commands in the target area. Among them, the wellbore flow prediction software can be, for example, drillbench or other software, and the present invention does not make specific limitations thereto. It should be understood that the method of obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter through the wellbore flow prediction software has a wider scope of application and is not limited by instrument conditions. To determine the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter through the wellbore flow prediction software, the accuracy of the software needs to be corrected for the implementation environment.

[0040] In an alternative embodiment, obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter in the process of non-controlled downlink commands in the target area includes:

[0041] Based on the measuring instrument, the standpipe pressure measured in real time and the bottom-hole pressure measured in real time during the non-controlled downlink command process are respectively used as the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter.

[0042] Specifically, based on the measuring instrument, obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter means measuring the standpipe pressure by setting sensors at corresponding positions in the pressure-controlled while-drilling downlink command system, and measuring the bottom-hole pressure in real time by downhole instruments. The measurement of the standpipe pressure and the bottom-hole pressure can be carried out by the instrument to measure the bottom-hole pressure and the standpipe pressure in real time during the non-pressure-controlled rotary steerable while-drilling downlink command process, so as to provide a data basis for determining the target back pressure based on the measured data book by substituting the measured data into a mathematical model for calculation. In this process, it is necessary to measure the bottom-hole pressure in real time by downhole instruments. It should be understood that the method of measuring the bottom-hole pressure and the standpipe pressure in real time by instruments is limited by instrument conditions. The downhole instrument needs to have the function of annulus pressure measurement and uploading, and it is not applicable in high-risk well sections.

[0043] The measurement of the standpipe pressure and the bottom-hole pressure can also be to measure the standpipe pressure in real time and calculate the bottom-hole pressure value, so as to provide a data basis for determining the target back pressure in the future. It should be understood that measuring the standpipe pressure in real time also means measuring the standpipe pressure in real time by the instrument during the non-pressure-controlled rotary steerable while-drilling downlink command process. The method of measuring the standpipe pressure in real time and calculating the bottom-hole pressure value does not require the downhole instrument to have the function of annulus pressure measurement and uploading, but it is also not applicable in high-risk well sections. It should be understood that the real-time measurement values applied in the present invention are all numerical values after filtering processing. The data is filtered to filter out interference, which can make the real-time data output smoothly. For example, when the real-time measurement of the standpipe pressure has a certain baseline fluctuation, the baseline fluctuation can be eliminated through filtering processing. The filtering processing method adopted can be low-pass filtering, and no specific limitations are made thereto, and it can be selected according to the actual working conditions.

[0044] S102. Determine the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter.

[0045] Specifically, determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter means determining the change degree of the standpipe pressure, that is, the standpipe pressure change coefficient, through the standpipe pressure parameter, so as to determine the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter with the standpipe pressure change coefficient and the bottomhole pressure parameter. The wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter is used to characterize the maximum change of the bottomhole pressure value in the process of transmitting the instruction while drilling under non-controlled pressure relative to the bottomhole pressure base value, corresponding to the maximum change degree of the standpipe pressure in this process, so as to reflect the corresponding ratio between the two.

[0046] S103. Build a real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure in the target area.

[0047] In an optional implementation manner, the real-time prediction model for the wellhead backpressure in the target area is represented by formula (1):

[0048] P b =P b0 +C pb ×N (1)

[0049] Wherein, P b represents the wellhead backpressure in the target area, P b0 represents the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, C pb represents the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter, and N represents the real-time adjustment coefficient.

[0050] S104. Obtain the real-time measured value of the standpipe pressure, the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the process of transmitting the instruction while drilling under controlled pressure in the target area.

[0051] Specifically, the measured value of the standpipe pressure is measured by setting a sensor at the corresponding position of the system for transmitting the instruction while drilling under controlled pressure.

[0052] S105. Determine the real-time adjustment coefficient based on the real-time measured value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure.

[0053] Specifically, determining the real-time adjustment coefficient based on the real-time measured value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure means determining the real-time change value of the standpipe pressure through the initial measured value and the real-time measured value of the standpipe pressure, so as to determine the real-time adjustment coefficient through the real-time change value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure. The real-time adjustment coefficient is used to characterize the change degree of the standpipe pressure in the process of transmitting the instruction while drilling under controlled pressure. Thus, the real-time adjustment coefficient at the current moment provides a data basis for determining the wellhead backpressure at the current moment.

[0054] S106. Input the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, the real-time adjustment coefficient, and the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter into the real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure to calculate the real-time target backpressure.

[0055] Specifically, calculating the real-time target backpressure through the real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure is to determine the real-time target backpressure based on the wellhead backpressure and the calculated real-time adjustment value. In this process, the initial value of the wellhead backpressure represents the initial wellhead backpressure value during the process of transmitting commands while drilling, and the calculation results of the real-time adjustment coefficient and the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter represent the real-time adjustment value.

[0056] By implementing this embodiment, by constructing a real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure in the target area and calculating the real-time target backpressure, the negative fluctuation of the bottomhole pressure during the process of transmitting commands while drilling is balanced. In this process, by obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter during the process of transmitting commands without control, the key parameters of the real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure are determined, that is, the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter is determined, so as to complete the initialization of the real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure. And by obtaining the real-time measured standpipe pressure during the process of transmitting control pressure commands, the real-time target backpressure is calculated through the constructed real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure, and the wellhead pressure is adjusted in real time with the real-time target backpressure, so as to balance the negative fluctuation of the bottomhole pressure during the process of transmitting commands while drilling, reduce the probability of downhole complications, and further ensure drilling safety.

[0057] In an alternative embodiment, to illustrate the method of obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter, in this embodiment, the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter are obtained by using wellbore flow prediction software. In this process, the wellbore flow prediction software will predict the entire process of transmitting commands without control, so as to know the first maximum value of the standpipe pressure, the first minimum value of the standpipe pressure, the initial value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the process of transmitting control pressure commands, the second maximum value of the bottomhole pressure, and the second minimum value of the bottomhole pressure during this process.

[0058] In an alternative embodiment, based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter, determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter includes:

[0059] Based on the standpipe pressure parameter, determine the standpipe pressure change coefficient.

[0060] In an alternative embodiment, based on the standpipe pressure parameter, determining the standpipe pressure change coefficient includes:

[0061] Based on the difference between the first maximum value and the first minimum value, determine the standpipe pressure change value.

[0062] Specifically, the standpipe pressure change value is represented by formula (2):

[0063] ΔSPP = SPP max - SPP min (2)

[0064] Among them, ΔSPP represents the change value of the standpipe pressure, which is used to characterize the amplitude of the standpipe pressure change; SPP m狱 represents the first maximum value, and SPP min represents the first minimum value.

[0065] Based on the change value of the standpipe pressure and the initial value of the standpipe pressure, determine the standpipe pressure change coefficient.

[0066] Specifically, the standpipe pressure change coefficient is expressed by formula (3):

[0067] γ = ΔSPP / SPP 0 (3)

[0068] Among them, γ represents the standpipe pressure change coefficient, which is used to characterize the degree of change of the standpipe pressure, and SPP 0 represents the initial value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the process of transmitting the pressure control instruction downward.

[0069] Based on the bottom hole pressure parameter and the standpipe pressure change coefficient, determine the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter.

[0070] In an alternative embodiment, based on the bottom hole pressure parameter and the standpipe pressure change coefficient, determining the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter includes:

[0071] Based on the second maximum value and the second minimum value, determine the bottom hole pressure change value.

[0072] Specifically, the bottom hole pressure change value is expressed by formula (4):

[0073] ΔBHP = BHP max - BHP min (4)

[0074] Among them, ΔBHP represents the bottom hole pressure change value, which is used to characterize the amplitude of the bottom hole pressure change; BHP max represents the second maximum value, and BHP min represents the second minimum value.

[0075] Based on the bottom hole pressure change value and the standpipe pressure change coefficient, determine the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter.

[0076] Specifically, the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter is expressed by formula (5):

[0077] C pb = ΔBHP / γ (5)

[0078] Among them, C pb represents the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter.

[0079] In an alternative embodiment, based on the real-time measurement value and the initial standpipe pressure measurement value, determining the real-time adjustment coefficient includes:

[0080] Based on the initial measured value and the real-time measured value of the standpipe pressure, determine the real-time change value of the standpipe pressure.

[0081] Based on the real-time change value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure, determine the real-time adjustment coefficient.

[0082] Specifically, the real-time adjustment coefficient is represented by formula (6):

[0083] N = (SPP r0 - SPP r ) / SPP r0 (6)

[0084] Wherein, N represents the real-time adjustment coefficient, SPP r0 represents the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure, SPP r represents the real-time measured value, SPP r0 and the difference between SPP r represents the real-time change value of the standpipe pressure. It should be understood that the measured data needs to be filtered.

[0085] In an alternative embodiment, after determining the initial value of the wellhead back pressure, the real-time adjustment coefficient, and the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter, substitute the determined corresponding parameters into the above formula (1) for calculation, and use the wellhead back pressure of the obtained target area as the target back pressure at the current moment, thereby completing the calculation of the real-time target back pressure.

[0086] By implementing this embodiment, obtain the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter in the form of wellbore flow prediction software, thereby determining the key parameters of the wellhead back pressure real-time prediction model, that is, determining the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter, thereby completing the initialization of the wellhead back pressure real-time prediction model, and by obtaining the real-time measured standpipe pressure during the transmission of the pressure control command, thereby calculating the real-time target back pressure through the constructed wellhead back pressure real-time prediction model, and adjusting the wellhead pressure in real time with the real-time target back pressure, thereby balancing the negative fluctuation of the bottom hole pressure during the downhole transmission of the command, reducing the probability of downhole complications, and further ensuring drilling safety.

[0087] In an alternative embodiment, to illustrate the acquisition method of the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter, in this embodiment, the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter are obtained by using a measuring instrument. During this process, by measuring the bottom hole pressure and the standpipe pressure in real time, thereby based on the measured data book, by substituting the measured data into the mathematical model for calculation, determine the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter, thereby knowing the first maximum value of the standpipe pressure, the first minimum value of the standpipe pressure, the initial value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the pressure control downhole transmission command, the second maximum value of the bottom hole pressure, and the second minimum value of the bottom hole pressure. The comparison schematic diagram of the bottom hole pressure of the pressure control and non-pressure control downhole transmission commands is asFigure 6 As shown, the schematic diagram of the bottom-hole flow rate comparison between the pressure-controlled and non-pressure-controlled downhole transmission commands is as Figure 7 shown. It should be understood that the method of measuring the standpipe pressure in real time and calculating the bottom-hole pressure value is substantially the same as the example shown in this embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0088] In an alternative embodiment, this embodiment provides another method for pressure-controlled downhole transmission of commands, as Figure 8 shown, including the following steps:

[0089] S201. Calculate or measure the standpipe pressure and bottom-hole pressure during non-pressure-controlled downhole transmission of commands. For the specific process, reference can be made to the relevant description of step S101 in the above embodiment. In this embodiment, the method of measuring non-pressure-controlled downhole transmission of commands, that is, using a measuring instrument, is adopted to obtain the standpipe pressure and bottom-hole pressure. Among them, the measured data needs to be filtered.

[0090] S202. Calculate the maximum change degree of the standpipe pressure and the corresponding maximum fluctuation amplitude of the bottom-hole pressure, and calculate the corresponding wellhead back-pressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the above data. For the specific process, reference can be made to the relevant description of formulas (2) to (5) in the above embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0091] S203. Update the real-time prediction model of the wellhead back-pressure.

[0092] Specifically, when using wellbore flow prediction software to update the real-time prediction model of the wellhead back-pressure, it means that the software needs to be calibrated for accuracy in the implementation environment; when using a measuring instrument, it means updating the mathematical model for inputting measured data.

[0093] S204. Judge whether the well depth, mud density, viscosity, drilling mud displacement, and drill string assembly change significantly.

[0094] Specifically, the changes in well depth, mud density, viscosity, drilling mud displacement, and drill string assembly mean that the implementation environment in the target area has changed. Therefore, when changes occur, it is necessary to recalculate or measure the standpipe pressure and bottom-hole pressure under the corresponding implementation environment, while when no changes occur, the standpipe pressure, bottom-hole pressure, and the wellhead back-pressure adjustment ratio parameter calculated based on these values can be continued to be used.

[0095] S205. Start to transmit commands, and the control device of the pressure-controlled drilling system switches to the state of pressure-controlled downhole transmission of commands.

[0096] S206. Measure the standpipe pressure in real time, calculate the target back-pressure using the real-time prediction model of the wellhead back-pressure, and adjust the wellhead back-pressure according to the target back-pressure. For the specific process, reference can be made to the relevant description of formulas (6) and (1) in the above embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0097] S207. The downlink instruction is completed.

[0098] S208. The control device of the managed pressure drilling system switches to the subsequent established control state.

[0099] It should be understood that after the wellhead back pressure is adjusted in real time according to the target back pressure in step S206, the negative pressure fluctuation caused by the downlink instruction is balanced, thus ensuring the completion of the downlink instruction in step S207, and enabling the control device of the managed pressure drilling system to switch to the subsequent established control state for continuous operation.

[0100] By implementing this embodiment, the way of using a measuring instrument is adopted to obtain the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter, so as to determine the key parameters of the real-time prediction model of the wellhead back pressure, that is, to determine the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter, thereby completing the initialization of the real-time prediction model of the wellhead back pressure, and by obtaining the real-time measured standpipe pressure during the downlink of the managed pressure instruction, the real-time target back pressure is calculated through the constructed real-time prediction model of the wellhead back pressure, and the wellhead pressure is adjusted in real time with the real-time target back pressure, so as to balance the negative bottom hole pressure fluctuation of the downlink instruction while drilling, reduce the probability of downhole complications, and further ensure drilling safety.

[0101] In this embodiment, a device for downlinking managed pressure while drilling is also provided. This device is used to implement the above-mentioned embodiments and preferred implementation manners, and those that have been described will not be repeated. As used hereinafter, the term "module" may be a combination of software and / or hardware that can achieve a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.

[0102] This embodiment provides a device for downlinking managed pressure while drilling, as Figure 9 shown, including:

[0103] The first acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter of the target area during the non-controlled downlink instruction process. The specific process can refer to the relevant description of step S101 in the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0104] The first determination module 302 is used to determine the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom hole pressure parameter. The specific process can refer to the relevant description of step S102 in the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0105] The construction module 303 is used to construct a real-time prediction model of the wellhead back pressure of the target area. The specific process can refer to the relevant description of step S103 in the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0106] The second acquisition module 304 is configured to acquire the real-time measured value of the standpipe pressure, the initial value of the wellhead back pressure, and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the controlled pressure downlink command process in the target area. For the specific process, reference can be made to the relevant description of step S104 in the above embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0107] The second determination module 305 is configured to determine a real-time adjustment coefficient based on the real-time measured value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure. For the specific process, reference can be made to the relevant description of step S105 in the above embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0108] The calculation module 306 is configured to input the initial value of the wellhead back pressure, the real-time adjustment coefficient, and the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter into the wellhead back pressure real-time prediction model to calculate the real-time target back pressure. For the specific process, reference can be made to the relevant description of step S106 in the above embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0109] The device for downlinking commands while controlling pressure in this embodiment is presented in the form of functional units. Here, the unit refers to an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) circuit, a processor and a memory that execute one or more software or fixed programs, and / or other devices that can provide the above functions.

[0110] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device having the above Figure 9 shown device for downlinking commands while controlling pressure while drilling.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided by an optional embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 10 shown, the computer device includes: one or more processors 401, a memory 402, and an interface for connecting each component, including a high-speed interface and a low-speed interface. Each component communicates with each other using different buses and can be installed on a common motherboard or installed in other ways as needed. The processor can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in the memory or on the memory to display graphical information of the GUI on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some optional embodiments, if necessary, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories and multiple memories. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, and each device provides some necessary operations (such as a server array, a set of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Figure 10 In

[0112] The processor 401 can be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Among them, the processor 401 can further include a hardware chip. The above-mentioned hardware chip can be an application-specific integrated circuit, a programmable logic device, or a combination thereof. The above-mentioned programmable logic device can be a complex programmable logic device, a field programmable gate array, a generic array logic, or any combination thereof.

[0113] Among them, the memory 402 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 401, so that the at least one processor 401 executes the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0114] The memory 402 can include a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area can store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the computer device, etc. In addition, the memory 402 can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage devices. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 402 can optionally include a memory remotely provided with respect to the processor 401, and these remote memories can be connected to the computer device through a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include but are not limited to the Internet, an enterprise intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0115] The memory 402 can include a volatile memory, for example, a random access memory; the memory can also include a non-volatile memory, for example, a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid-state drive; the memory 402 can also include a combination of the above types of memories. The computer device further includes a communication interface 403 for the computer device to communicate with other devices or communication networks.

[0116] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting commands while controlling pressure while drilling, characterized in that, the command transmission while controlling pressure while drilling includes a non-pressure-controlled transmission process and a pressure-controlled command transmission process, and the method includes: Obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process of the target area; Based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter, determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter; Constructing a real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure in the target area; Obtaining the real-time measured value of the standpipe pressure, the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the pressure-controlled command transmission process in the target area; Based on the real-time measured value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure, determining the real-time adjustment coefficient; Inputting the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, the real-time adjustment coefficient, and the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter into the real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure, and calculating the real-time target backpressure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter includes: Based on the standpipe pressure parameter, determining the standpipe pressure change coefficient; Based on the bottomhole pressure parameter and the standpipe pressure change coefficient, determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the standpipe pressure parameter includes: the first maximum value of the standpipe pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process, the first minimum value of the standpipe pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process, and the initial value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the pressure-controlled command transmission process. The determining the standpipe pressure change coefficient based on the standpipe pressure parameter includes: Based on the difference between the first maximum value and the first minimum value, determining the standpipe pressure change value; Based on the standpipe pressure change value and the initial value of the standpipe pressure, determining the standpipe pressure change coefficient.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the bottomhole pressure parameter includes: the second maximum value of the bottomhole pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process, the second minimum value of the bottomhole pressure in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process. The determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the bottomhole pressure parameter and the standpipe pressure change coefficient includes: Based on the second maximum value and the second minimum value, determining the bottomhole pressure change value; Based on the bottomhole pressure change value and the standpipe pressure change coefficient, determining the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure in the target area is represented by the following formula: P b = P b0 + C pb × N Among them, P b represents the wellhead back pressure of the target area, and P b0 represents the initial value of the wellhead back pressure. C pb represents the wellhead back pressure adjustment ratio parameter, and N represents the real-time adjustment coefficient.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the determining the real-time adjustment coefficient based on the real-time measured value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure includes: Based on the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure and the real-time measured value, determining the real-time change value of the standpipe pressure; Based on the real-time change value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure, determining the real-time adjustment coefficient.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter in the non-pressure-controlled command transmission process of the target area includes: obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottomhole pressure parameter based on wellbore flow prediction software.

8. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that obtaining the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter of the target area during the non-controlled downlink instruction process includes: based on a measuring instrument, taking the standpipe pressure measured in real time and the bottom-hole pressure measured in real time during the non-controlled downlink instruction process as the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter respectively.

9. A device for downlinking instructions while controlling pressure while drilling It is characterized in that the controlled-pressure downlink instruction includes a non-controlled downlink process and a controlled-pressure downlink instruction process, and the device includes: a first acquisition module, configured to acquire the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter of the target area during the non-controlled downlink instruction process; a first determination module, configured to determine the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter based on the standpipe pressure parameter and the bottom-hole pressure parameter; a construction module, configured to construct a real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure of the target area; a second acquisition module, configured to acquire the real-time measured value of the standpipe pressure, the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure before the start of the controlled-pressure downlink instruction process in the target area during the controlled-pressure downlink instruction process; a second determination module, configured to determine a real-time adjustment coefficient based on the real-time measured value and the initial measured value of the standpipe pressure; a calculation module, configured to input the initial value of the wellhead backpressure, the real-time adjustment coefficient, and the wellhead backpressure adjustment ratio parameter into the real-time prediction model of the wellhead backpressure to calculate the real-time target backpressure.

10. A computer device It is characterized in that including: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to execute the method for downlinking instructions while controlling pressure while drilling according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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