Newborn PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter) auxiliary catheterization system and method based on augmented reality

Abstract

The invention discloses a newborn PICC auxiliary catheterization system and method based on augmented reality, and relates to the technical field of newborn clinical nursing instruments.The method comprises the steps that key points on the body surface of a child patient are recognized, and the length, needing to be placed, of a catheter is calculated; identifying a positioning mark on the body surface of the child patient, and virtually displaying a first line segment connected with the positioning mark on the body surface of the child patient; monitoring the catheter imbedding state in real time, measuring the length of the catheter imbedding part, and calculating the length of the part without the catheter imbedding part; virtually displaying the catheterization progress on the first line segment in real time; and when the monitored catheter placement length is equal to the required catheter placement length, sending out a prompt message that the catheter reaches the optimal position. The length of the catheter can be measured in real time, the catheter placement progress can be displayed in real time, the distance between the tip of the catheter and the optimal position can be visually displayed, especially when the catheter is placed in the optimal position, an operator is automatically prompted, the workload of the catheter placement operator is relieved, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of neonatal clinical nursing equipment, and in particular to a neonatal PICC auxiliary catheterization system and method based on augmented reality. Background Art

[0002] Intravenous indwelling needle infusion is a commonly used clinical nursing method for newborns. Here, newborns refer to infants from the time the umbilical cord is tied after delivery to 28 days old. Because the venous wall of newborns is not fully developed, the peripheral venous wall is thin and permeable, intravenous indwelling needle infusion is prone to cause vascular extravasation edema, tissue necrosis and other problems, resulting in repeated punctures, short indwelling time, and great pain for the child, which not only brings the risk of complications to the child, but also affects the treatment effect.

[0003] Compared with intravenous indwelling needle infusion, PICC catheter infusion has the advantages of long indwelling time, avoiding frequent punctures, reducing the damage of irritating drugs to blood vessels, high safety, and repeated infusion of drugs, blood products, nutrient solution, hypertonic or viscous liquids, etc. Therefore, PICC catheter intravenous infusion is widely used in the clinical care of newborns, especially critically ill newborns.

[0004] In order to perform PICC catheterization and infusion, the PICC catheter must first be inserted into the newborn's body. There are three steps: puncture, catheterization, and verification. Puncture is to insert the tip of the catheter into the peripheral vein, catheterization is to make the catheter follow the normal path and make the tip of the catheter reach the optimal position, and verification is to determine whether the tip of the catheter has reached the optimal position. Among them, the catheterization step is the most important and most prone to problems. The catheterization step mainly faces the following difficulties:

[0005] (1) How to ensure that the PICC catheter tip reaches the optimal position. Existing relevant studies have shown that the position of the PICC catheter tip is closely related to complications, and the tip reaching the optimal position is an important factor in ensuring the safety of neonatal treatment. Because the catheter travels inside the patient's body and cannot be observed with the naked eye, it is difficult to accurately determine whether the catheter tip has reached the optimal position.

[0006] (2) Repeated insertion and withdrawal of the catheter causes friction between the catheter and the blood vessel wall, which can damage the blood vessel and even cause blood vessel perforation or catheter breakage. In addition, PICC catheterization is accompanied by pain, and the child will cry. The longer the catheterization time, the more difficult it is to place the catheter, and the greater the damage to the inner wall of the child's blood vessel. Shortening the catheterization time can reduce the child's pain, reduce bleeding, and reduce the probability of catheter-related bloodstream infection.

[0007] Therefore, during the PICC catheterization process in neonates, in order to ensure that the catheter follows the normal path, that the catheter tip reaches the optimal position, and that the catheterization operation time is as short as possible, there is an urgent need for a system and method that can intuitively display the progress of PICC catheterization in real time, determine in real time whether the catheter tip has reached the optimal position, and prompt the operator when it has reached the optimal position, and that is simple to operate. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a neonatal PICC auxiliary catheterization method based on augmented reality to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a method for assisting PICC placement in newborns based on augmented reality, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Identify the key points on the child's body surface, measure the distance between the key points, and calculate the required length of the catheter based on the distance between the key points and the child's body position;

[0011] Identify the positioning marks on the body surface of the child, obtain the coordinate information of the positioning marks, and virtually display a first line segment connecting the positioning marks on the body surface of the child, wherein the length of the first line segment corresponds to the required insertion length of the catheter;

[0012] Real-time monitoring of the catheter placement status, measuring the length of the unplaced catheter portion, calculating the length of the placed catheter portion, and calculating the length of the unplaced catheter portion;

[0013] A second line segment, a third line segment and a circle mark are virtually displayed in real time on the first line segment, the length of the second line segment corresponds to the length of the inserted portion of the catheter, the length of the third line segment corresponds to the length of the uninserted portion of the catheter, the second line segment and one end of the third line segment are connected and the circle mark is located at the connecting position of the second line segment and the third line segment, and the position of the circle mark corresponds to the position of the catheter tip;

[0014] When the inserted length of the monitoring catheter is equal to the required inserted length of the catheter, a prompt message indicating that the optimal position has been reached is issued.

[0015] As an improvement, the catheter placement status is monitored in real time, the length of the inserted catheter portion is measured, and the length of the uninserted catheter portion is calculated, including:

[0016] Real-time monitoring of distance markers and catheter insertion points on the catheter, and obtaining at least the number of markers on the inserted catheter, the coordinate information of the catheter insertion point, and the coordinate information of markers on the uninserted catheter close to the catheter insertion point;

[0017] The length of the catheter not placed is obtained by subtracting the length of the catheter already placed from the length of the catheter required to be placed, that is, the distance between the catheter tip and the optimal position, and the length of the catheter already placed and the length of the catheter not placed are displayed in real time.

[0018] As a further improvement, the error-prone point marks on the body surface of the child are detected, the coordinate information of the error-prone point marks is obtained, and the distance between the error-prone point marks and the catheter insertion point or the optimal position is calculated;

[0019] Mark the error-prone points on the first line segment for graphic identification;

[0020] A first warning distance is set, which is a warning distance when the catheter tip approaches an error-prone point. When it is detected that the difference between the distance between the error-prone point and the catheter insertion point and the length of the catheter insertion part is less than the first warning distance, a warning message is issued.

[0021] As a further improvement, a second warning distance is set, which is the warning distance between the catheter tip and the optimal position. When it is monitored that the difference between the required catheter insertion length and the length of the catheter insertion part is less than the second warning distance, a warning message is issued.

[0022] The present invention also provides a neonatal PICC auxiliary catheter placement system based on augmented reality, comprising:

[0023] The catheter monitoring module is used to monitor and obtain the patient's body position, catheter insertion point, key points on the body surface and catheter status information, and send the information to the data processing module;

[0024] The data processing module is used to receive and process the information sent by the catheter monitoring module and the distance information of the key points on the body surface, obtain the imported insertion length, the real-time catheter insertion length, and the length of the uninserted catheter, and send them to the catheterization auxiliary module;

[0025] The catheter placement auxiliary module is used to detect and obtain body surface positioning mark information, obtain the coordinate information of the positioning mark, and virtually display the first line segment connecting the positioning mark on the body surface of the child; the catheter placement auxiliary module receives information sent by the data processing module and displays it;

[0026] The optimal position warning module is used to issue a prompt message when the monitoring catheter insertion length is equal to the catheter required insertion length.

[0027] As a further improvement, the data processing module includes an inserted catheter length calculation module, which calculates the length of the inserted catheter portion based on the number of distance marking points on the inserted catheter portion, the spacing between adjacent distance marking points, the coordinate information of the catheter insertion point, and the coordinate information of the marking point on the non-inserted catheter close to the catheter insertion point; and uses the required catheter insertion length minus the inserted catheter length to obtain the distance between the catheter tip and the optimal position.

[0028] As a further improvement, it also includes an error-prone point warning module, which sets a first warning distance and is used to issue a warning message when it is monitored that the distance between the catheter tip and the error-prone point is equal to the first warning distance.

[0029] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0030] The present invention can measure the length of the inserted catheter in real time, display the progress of the catheter insertion in real time according to the required insertion length of the catheter, and display the catheter insertion progress information in real time, without the need for the catheter insertion operator to calculate the catheter insertion length to obtain the catheter insertion progress, and when the catheter tip reaches the vicinity of the error-prone point, a prompt message will be issued to remind the catheter insertion operator to pay attention to the operation, and when the catheter tip reaches the optimal position, a prompt message will be issued to remind the catheter insertion operator to reach the optimal position. The entire catheter insertion process is conducive to enabling the catheter insertion operator to focus on the catheter insertion operation and avoid interrupting the catheter insertion, thereby reducing the workload of the catheter insertion operator, improving work efficiency, improving the catheter insertion quality, shortening the catheter insertion time, and helping to reduce the probability of occurrence of vascular-related complications.

[0031] The equipment used in the technical solution provided by the present invention is simpler and easier to operate and implement than the existing ultrasound-guided assisted catheterization method, and has relatively low requirements for the catheterization operator and catheterization assistant. Unlike the ultrasound-guided assisted catheterization method, there is no need to use ultrasonic equipment during the operation process before the catheter is placed in the optimal position. The operator needs to be specially trained and have the ability to operate the equipment and interpret ultrasonic images. The personnel requirements are high and the cost is high. In addition, the morphology of the ultrasonic image is easily affected by the crying of the child and cannot clearly show the position of the catheter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method flow chart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the catheter's path in the child's body when PICC is placed through the upper limb peripheral vein;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the key points on the child's body surface;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning marks on the child's body surface;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the catheter;

[0038] In the figure: 10-catheter monitoring module, 20-data processing module, 30-catheterization auxiliary module, 40-optimal position warning module, 50-error-prone point warning module, 60-position confirmation module; 71-pre-puncture point key point, 72-right sternoclavicular joint key point; 81-pre-puncture point positioning mark, 82-upper axillary positioning mark. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1: Reference Figure 1 As shown, a method for assisting PICC placement in a neonate based on augmented reality comprises:

[0041] Step S100, identifying key points on the patient's body surface, measuring the distance between the key points, and calculating the required insertion length of the catheter according to the distance between the key points and the patient's body position.

[0042] In the PICC catheterization method based on body surface measurement, the distance between several key points on the child's body surface must be measured first. Taking the upper limb peripheral vein PICC catheterization as an example, the schematic diagram of the catheter's path in the child's body is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the body surface key points include two points: the pre-puncture point key point 71 and the right sternoclavicular joint key point 72. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the distance between key points can be measured manually or by calculating the coordinates of the key points.

[0043] Specifically, if the puncture point is in the upper limb and the child weighs more than or equal to 2500g, the length of the catheter to be inserted = the distance from the pre-puncture point to the right sternoclavicular joint + 1cm; if the puncture point is in the upper limb and the child weighs less than 2500g, the length of the catheter to be inserted = the distance from the pre-puncture point to the right sternoclavicular joint; when measuring the distance from the pre-puncture point to the right sternoclavicular joint, the child is required to lie flat with the right upper limb abducted to 90 degrees.

[0044] Step S200, identifying the positioning marks on the body surface of the child, obtaining the coordinate information of the positioning marks, and using augmented reality technology to virtually display a first line segment connecting the positioning marks on the body surface of the child, wherein the length of the first line segment corresponds to the required insertion length of the catheter.

[0045] Body surface positioning marks are clearly distinguishable shapes such as circles and triangles drawn by the catheter assistant using a marker pen on the patient's body surface. The augmented reality-based neonatal PICC catheterization system proposed in the present invention can identify body surface positioning marks and display the catheter inserted into the body along the body surface positioning marks. Taking the upper limb peripheral central venous catheterization as an example, positioning marks need to be drawn between the pre-puncture point and the upper side of the armpit, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes a pre-puncture point positioning mark 81 and an upper armpit positioning mark 82.

[0046] Step S300, real-time monitoring of the catheter placement status, measuring the length of the catheter placement portion, and calculating the length of the non-catheter placement portion; the specific structure of the catheter is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the catheter is provided with scale marks to facilitate calculation of the length of the catheter-placed portion and the length of the catheter-unplaced portion;

[0047] Preferably, the distance marker points and the catheter insertion point on the catheter are monitored in real time, and at least the number of marker points on the inserted catheter, the coordinate information of the catheter insertion point, and the coordinate information of the marker points on the uninserted catheter close to the catheter insertion point are obtained;

[0048] Visual measurement technology is used to measure the length of the inserted part of the catheter. The length of the catheter that needs to be inserted is subtracted from the length of the inserted catheter to obtain the length of the part where the catheter is not inserted, that is, the distance between the tip of the catheter and the optimal position. The length of the inserted catheter and the length of the part where the catheter is not inserted are displayed in real time.

[0049] Step S400, a second line segment, a third line segment and a circle mark are virtually displayed in real time on the first line segment, the length of the second line segment corresponds to the length of the inserted portion of the catheter, the length of the third line segment corresponds to the length of the uninserted portion of the catheter, the second line segment and one end of the third line segment are connected and the circle mark is located at the connecting position of the second line segment and the third line segment, and the position of the circle mark corresponds to the position of the catheter tip;

[0050] Step S500: When the monitoring catheter insertion length is equal to the catheter required insertion length, an optimal position prompt message is issued.

[0051] Specifically, a second warning distance is set, which is the warning distance between the tip of the catheter and the optimal position. When it is monitored that the difference between the required insertion length of the catheter and the length of the insertion part of the catheter is less than the second warning distance, a warning message is issued. According to the actual operating conditions, an appropriate value of the second warning distance is set.

[0052] This embodiment also includes identifying error-prone point marks on the body surface of the child, obtaining coordinate information of the error-prone point marks, and calculating the distance between the error-prone point marks and the catheter insertion point or the optimal position;

[0053] Mark the error-prone points on the first line segment for graphic identification;

[0054] A first warning distance is set, which is a warning distance when the tip of the catheter approaches an error-prone point. When it is detected that the difference between the distance between the error-prone point and the catheter insertion point and the length of the catheter insertion part is less than the first warning distance, a warning message is issued. An appropriate first warning distance value is set according to actual conditions.

[0055] This embodiment can measure the length of the inserted catheter in real time, and display the progress of the catheter insertion in real time according to the required length of the catheter, and display the catheterization progress information in real time, without the need for the catheterization operator to calculate the catheterization length to obtain the catheterization progress. Moreover, when the tip of the catheter reaches the vicinity of the error-prone point, a prompt message will be issued to remind the catheterization operator to pay attention to the operation. When the tip of the catheter reaches the optimal position, a prompt message will be issued to remind the catheterization operator to reach the optimal position. The entire catheterization process is conducive to enabling the catheterization operator to focus on the catheterization operation and avoid interrupting the catheterization, thereby reducing the workload of the catheterization operator, improving work efficiency, improving the quality of catheterization, shortening the catheterization time, and helping to reduce the probability of vascular-related complications.

[0056] In this embodiment, AR glasses are worn in front of the eyes and have the function of superimposing numbers, text or virtual images around real objects. At present, mainstream AR glasses are divided into two categories. The first category uses transparent perspective technology. Users can see real objects through transparent lenses, and virtual information is superimposed on the lenses. Typical devices include Microsoft Hololens, Magic Leap, etc. The second category uses color perspective technology. The camera collects information about the surrounding environment and transmits it to the head display, giving users a feeling of being able to see the real world around them through the head display. Because users see the real world through the camera, typical devices include Apple Vision Pro, Quest3, etc.

[0057] Embodiment 2: A neonatal PICC assisted catheter placement system based on augmented reality, used to implement the neonatal PICC assisted catheter placement method based on augmented reality described in Embodiment 1, comprising:

[0058] The catheter monitoring module 10 is used to monitor and obtain the patient's body position, catheter insertion point, key points on the body surface and catheter status information, and send the information to the data processing module; it is specifically composed of a tripod and a binocular camera. The tripod fixes the binocular camera in a suitable position so that the binocular camera can clearly capture the puncture point and the catheter, and collect the catheter video during the catheterization process.

[0059] The data processing module 20 is used to receive and process the information sent by the catheter monitoring module and the distance information of the key points on the body surface, obtain the imported insertion length, the real-time catheter insertion length, and the length of the uninserted catheter, and send them to the catheterization auxiliary module. Preferably, the data processing module 20 is a high-performance computer deployed with data processing software. The data processing module receives the video collected by the binocular camera and AR glasses, the control commands of the catheterization operator, etc., analyzes and processes the video data, responds to instructions, etc.

[0060] Specifically, the data processing module includes an inserted catheter length calculation module, which calculates the length of the inserted catheter portion according to the number of distance marking points on the inserted catheter portion, the spacing between adjacent distance marking points, the coordinate information of the catheter insertion point, and the coordinate information of the marking point close to the catheter insertion point on the non-inserted catheter; and obtains the distance between the catheter tip and the optimal position by subtracting the inserted catheter length from the required catheter insertion length.

[0061] The catheter placement auxiliary module 30 is used to detect and obtain body surface positioning mark information, obtain the coordinate information of the positioning mark, and virtually display the first line segment connecting the positioning mark on the body surface of the child; the catheter placement auxiliary module receives information sent by the data processing module and displays it, and can also be used to obtain the coordinate information of key points if necessary, and calculate the key point spacing through the data processing module;

[0062] Specifically, the catheterization assistance module is an AR glasses deployed with auxiliary catheterization software, which is worn by the catheterization operator and has the function of superimposing the inserted catheter and the position of the catheter tip on the child's body surface, and indicating information such as the length that has not yet been inserted. The AR glasses first detect the positioning mark on the child's body surface, and then draw a blue solid line along the body surface positioning mark on the child's body surface to indicate the inserted catheter; draw a blue circle at the end of the catheter to indicate the catheter tip. The length that has not yet been inserted is indicated by a red solid line extending from the catheter tip with a length of "length that has not yet been inserted".

[0063] The optimal position warning module 40 is used to issue a prompt message when the monitoring catheter insertion length is equal to the catheter required insertion length.

[0064] Specifically, a second warning module is provided to set a second warning distance, wherein the second warning distance is the warning distance between the tip of the catheter and the optimal position. When it is detected that the difference between the required insertion length of the catheter and the length of the insertion part of the catheter is less than the second warning distance, a warning message is issued, and a suitable value of the second warning distance is set according to the actual operating conditions.

[0065] The present embodiment further comprises an error-prone point warning module 50, which sets a first warning distance and is used to issue a warning message when it is detected that the distance between the catheter tip and the error-prone point is equal to the first warning distance.

[0066] In this embodiment, the modules are connected to each other through a network connection module. Specifically, the network connection module is composed of a number of network cables and connecting cables, a router, etc. The network connection device connects the various parts of the auxiliary catheterization system, including the catheter monitoring module, the catheterization auxiliary module and the data processing module, to the same local area network to achieve communication between the various components.

[0067] This embodiment also includes a position confirmation module 60, which is used to detect whether the position of the catheter tip has actually reached the optimal position after displaying that the catheter tip has reached the optimal position. Specifically, it can be an ultrasound confirmation module or an X-ray confirmation module, which uses medical ultrasound or X-ray to detect whether the catheter is in the optimal position.

[0068] The equipment used in the technical solution provided by the present invention is simpler and easier to operate and implement than the existing ultrasound-guided assisted catheterization method, and has relatively low requirements for the catheterization operator and catheterization assistant. Unlike the ultrasound-guided assisted catheterization method, there is no need for ultrasonic equipment during the operation process before the catheter is placed in the optimal position. The operator must be specially trained and have the ability to operate the equipment and interpret ultrasound images. The personnel requirements are high and the cost is high. In addition, the ultrasound image morphology is easily affected by the crying of the child and cannot clearly show the catheter position.

[0069] The auxiliary catheterization method provided in this embodiment requires the collaboration of one catheterization operator and one catheterization assistant. The catheterization operator wears a catheterization assistant module to perform operations such as puncture and catheter delivery. The catheterization assistant is responsible for deploying the catheterization assistant module, disinfection, drawing surface positioning marks, measuring the distance between key points on the surface, etc. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0070] (1) The catheterization operator and the catheterization assistant should ensure that their clothing, shoes and hats are clean and tidy. Pay special attention to strictly following the seven-step hand washing method to perform hand hygiene and disinfection before operation.

[0071] (2) The catheterization assistant prepares the supplies. The catheterization operator checks whether the catheterization informed consent form is available.

[0072] (3) The catheterization operator and the catheterization assistant should wash their hands, wear masks and hats, and pay special attention to performing the operation with the highest standards of aseptic technique.

[0073] (4) The catheter operator assesses the child, positions the child appropriately, and comforts the child. The operator assesses the child's tolerance, pays attention to safety, keeps the child warm, and comforts the child appropriately. Figure 5 The figure shows the path of the catheter in the child's body when PICC is placed through a peripheral vein in the upper limb.

[0074] (5) The catheter assistant measures the distance between the key points on the body surface. If the catheter is inserted through a peripheral vein of the upper limb, the child's arm is first abducted to 90 degrees, and then the distance between the two key points on the body surface, the key point of the pre-puncture point and the key point of the right sternoclavicular joint, is measured.

[0075] (6) The catheter assistant draws body surface positioning marks for the child. If the catheter is inserted through the peripheral vein of the upper limb, positioning marks should be drawn on the puncture point and the upper side of the armpit. Figure 4 shown.

[0076] (7) The catheterization assistant deploys the auxiliary catheterization system. The catheterization assistant deploys the auxiliary catheterization system next to the child's bed, turns on each device, and confirms that the connection between each device and the network communication are normal. The catheterization assistant adjusts the catheter monitoring device so that the binocular camera can clearly capture the puncture position and the black distance mark point on the catheter surface. The catheterization assistant adjusts the catheterization auxiliary device and inputs information such as the distance between key points on the body surface measured previously. The system calculates the length of the catheter to be inserted into the body. Relevant prompt information is displayed in the lower right corner of the AR glasses' field of view, including the length of the catheter to be inserted into the body, the length of the catheter that has been inserted, and the length that has not yet been inserted. Note: "The length of the catheter to be inserted into the body" = "The length of the catheter that has been inserted" + "The length that has not yet been inserted".

[0077] (8) The catheterization operator wears the catheterization assistance module. The AR glasses detect the positioning marks on the patient's body surface and automatically superimpose the inserted catheter and the position of the catheter tip on the patient's body surface, and indicate the length that has not yet been inserted. Among them, the inserted catheter is represented by a blue solid line running along the body surface positioning mark. The catheter tip is represented by a blue circle. The length that has not yet been inserted is represented by a red solid line extending from the catheter tip with the length of "length not yet inserted".

[0078] (9) The operator washes his hands, puts on gloves, strictly follows the aseptic operation principles, opens the PICC catheter bag and sets up the sterile table.

[0079] (10) The catheterization assistant places all puncture materials on the sterile table.

[0080] (11) The catheterization operator disinfects the limb on the puncture side with iodine tincture three times, waits for it to dry, wipes off the remaining iodine tincture with saline, removes gloves, washes hands, puts on isolation clothing, puts on gloves, and lays down sterile towels. Pay attention to the principle of maximizing the sterile area.

[0081] (12) The catheterization operator performs NS pre-flushing on the PICC catheter and checks the catheter.

[0082] (13) The catheterization assistant washes his hands, puts on gloves, and places a tourniquet on the child to fill the vein.

[0083] (14) The catheterization operator punctures the skin at an angle of 15 to 20 degrees. When blood returns, the catheter is inserted. After ensuring that the cannula is in the blood vessel, the catheterization assistant loosens the tourniquet.

[0084] (15) The catheterization operator presses the cannula tip on the blood vessel with one hand and removes the needle with the other hand.

[0085] (16) The catheterization operator grasps the tip of the catheter with sterile forceps and gently inserts it into the vein. Note that the catheter should be inserted slowly and evenly to avoid irritating and damaging the vascular endothelium and causing mechanical phlebitis.

[0086] (17) During the puncture and delivery process by the catheterization operator, the catheterization assistant should pay attention to the catheter and calculate the length of the catheter that has been delivered.

[0087] (18) The catheterization operator confirms that the catheterization assistance system is working properly. At this point, the catheterization operator can see the inserted catheter and its tip position in the field of view of the AR glasses; at the same time, he can see a solid line starting from the tip of the catheter and extending forward along the inserted catheter, indicating the length that has not yet been inserted. In addition, the catheterization operator can see information such as the length of the catheter to be inserted into the body, the length of the inserted catheter, and the length that has not yet been inserted in the lower right corner of the AR glasses' field of view. Here, in actual use, different line segments can be marked with different colors and styles for easy observation.

[0088] (19) The catheterization operator delivers the catheter. During the catheterization process, the catheterization operator can see the path of the catheter in the child's body and the position of the catheter tip in the field of view of the AR glasses. The lower right corner of the field of view displays information such as the length that has been inserted and the length that has not yet been inserted in real time. When the catheter tip is about to reach a position prone to errors, the AR glasses will give a prompt. Taking the upper limb PICC catheterization as an example, when the catheter tip is about to reach the armpit, a warning box will automatically pop up in the field of view of the AR glasses, prompting "The catheter tip is about to reach the venous corner, please confirm the child's body position, otherwise it may enter the internal jugular vein by mistake." The catheterization operator confirms the warning message through voice and instructs the catheterization assistant to adjust the child's body position.

[0089] (20) The catheterization assistant adjusts the child's body position. According to the catheterization operator's request, the catheterization assistant turns the child's head toward the puncture side, with the lower jaw close to the chest, and adjusts the child's head and shoulders to an appropriate angle.

[0090] (21) The catheterization operator delivers the catheter to the optimal position. After the child's position is adjusted, the catheterization operator continues to deliver the catheter. If the upper limb is punctured and the catheter tip is about to reach the optimal position, a warning box will automatically pop up in the field of view of the AR glasses, prompting "The catheter tip is about to reach the optimal position, please confirm the tip position." The catheterization operator confirms the warning message through voice and pays attention to the catheter delivery operation.

[0091] (22) The catheterization operator inserts the catheter into the optimal position and then draws blood. If blood does not return smoothly, it may be that the position is not ideal, and the length of the catheter needs to be adjusted until it is confirmed that the catheter has reached the optimal position.

[0092] (23) The catheterization assistant removes the catheterization assisting device worn by the catheterization operator.

[0093] (24) The catheterization operator withdraws the cannula from the blood vessel and tears it apart, applies pressure to the puncture site to stop bleeding, and wipes off the blood on the catheter and surrounding skin with a gauze ball dipped in NS.

[0094] (25) The catheterization operator makes the extracorporeal catheter into an arc shape and places the disc on a flat surface of the skin, avoiding the bony joints to avoid affecting the movement of the child's limbs.

[0095] (26) The catheterization assistant cuts the dressing to the appropriate size (use sterile scissors to trim if necessary) and uses the dressing to completely cover the puncture site (including the catheter and disc) using the "tension-free adhesive method". Be careful not to completely surround the limb, as excessive pressure will affect blood circulation and cause poor blood flow.

[0096] (27) The catheter placement assistant removes the treatment towel and secures the tube outside the dressing with tape to prevent it from falling off due to traction.

[0097] (28) The catheterization assistant measures the arm or leg circumference of the punctured limb and the contralateral limb. This measurement is required every subsequent shift to observe the circulation of the limb.

[0098] (29) The catheterization operator and the catheterization assistant take off their gloves, wash their hands, take off their isolation gowns, and organize their supplies.

[0099] (30) X-ray confirms the position of the catheter tip and records it.

[0100] The embodiment of the present invention integrates augmented reality technology and visual measurement technology to propose an auxiliary catheterization system, which can measure the length of the catheter already inserted into the body in real time, so that the catheterization operator does not need to frequently interrupt the normal catheterization process and can focus more on delivering the catheter, thereby improving work efficiency, shortening operation time, and reducing the chance of complications and damage to the inner wall of the blood vessel.

[0101] In particular, when the catheter is placed in the best position, the operator is automatically prompted, allowing the catheterization operator to focus on the catheterization operation and avoid interrupting the catheterization, which reduces the workload of the catheterization operator, improves work efficiency, and provides a better operating experience.

[0102] The equipment required by the present invention is easy to operate, reduces the coordination of multiple departments, and makes it easier to implement PICC catheterization in neonates.

[0103] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for PICC-assisted catheterization in neonates based on augmented reality, characterized in that: include: Identify the key points on the child's body surface, measure the distance between the key points, and calculate the required length of the catheter based on the distance between the key points and the child's body position; Identify the positioning marks on the body surface of the child, obtain the coordinate information of the positioning marks, and virtually display a first line segment connecting the positioning marks on the body surface of the child, wherein the length of the first line segment corresponds to the required insertion length of the catheter; Monitor the catheter insertion status in real time, measure the length of the inserted catheter part, and calculate the length of the uninserted catheter part; A second line segment, a third line segment and a circle mark are virtually displayed in real time on the first line segment, the length of the second line segment corresponds to the length of the inserted portion of the catheter, the length of the third line segment corresponds to the length of the uninserted portion of the catheter, the second line segment and one end of the third line segment are connected and the circle mark is located at the connecting position of the second line segment and the third line segment, and the position of the circle mark corresponds to the position of the catheter tip; When the inserted length of the monitoring catheter is equal to the required inserted length of the catheter, a prompt message indicating that the optimal position has been reached is issued.

2. The method for PICC-assisted placement in newborns based on augmented reality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring of the catheter placement status, measurement of the length of the inserted catheter portion, and calculation of the length of the uninserted catheter portion, including: Real-time monitoring of distance markers and catheter insertion points on the catheter, and obtaining at least the number of markers on the inserted catheter, the coordinate information of the catheter insertion point, and the coordinate information of markers on the uninserted catheter close to the catheter insertion point; The length of the catheter that needs to be inserted is subtracted from the length of the inserted catheter to obtain the length of the portion where the catheter is not inserted, that is, the distance between the catheter tip and the optimal position, and the length of the inserted catheter and the length of the portion where the catheter is not inserted are displayed in real time.

3. The method for PICC-assisted placement in newborns based on augmented reality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Identify the error-prone point marks on the child's body surface, obtain the coordinate information of the error-prone point marks, and calculate the distance between the error-prone point marks and the catheter insertion point or the optimal position; Mark the error-prone points on the first line segment for graphic identification; A first warning distance is set, which is a warning distance when the catheter tip approaches an error-prone point. When it is detected that the difference between the distance between the error-prone point and the catheter insertion point and the length of the catheter insertion part is less than the first warning distance, a warning message is issued.

4. The method for PICC-assisted placement in newborns based on augmented reality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A second warning distance is set, where the second warning distance is the warning distance between the catheter tip and the optimal position. When it is detected that the difference between the required insertion length of the catheter and the length of the inserted portion of the catheter is less than the second warning distance, a warning message is issued.

5. A neonatal PICC assisted catheterization system based on augmented reality, characterized in that: include: The catheter monitoring module is used to monitor and obtain the patient's body position, catheter insertion point, key points on the body surface and catheter status information, and send the information to the data processing module; The data processing module is used to receive and process the information sent by the catheter monitoring module and the distance information of the key points on the body surface, obtain the imported insertion length, the real-time catheter insertion length, and the length of the uninserted catheter, and send them to the catheterization auxiliary module; The catheter placement auxiliary module is used to detect and obtain body surface positioning mark information, obtain the coordinate information of the positioning mark, and virtually display the first line segment connecting the positioning mark on the body surface of the child; the catheter placement auxiliary module receives information sent by the data processing module and displays it; The optimal position warning module is used to issue a prompt message when the monitoring catheter insertion length is equal to the catheter required insertion length.

6. The augmented reality-based neonatal PICC assisted catheter placement system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data processing module includes an inserted catheter length calculation module, which calculates the length of the inserted catheter portion according to the number of distance marking points on the inserted catheter portion, the distance between adjacent distance marking points, the coordinate information of the catheter insertion point, and the coordinate information of the marking point close to the catheter insertion point on the uninserted catheter; and obtains the distance between the catheter tip and the optimal position by subtracting the inserted catheter length from the required catheter insertion length.

7. The augmented reality-based neonatal PICC assisted catheter placement system according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes an error-prone point warning module, which sets a first warning distance and is used to issue a warning message when it is monitored that the distance between the catheter tip and the error-prone point is equal to the first warning distance.

Images