Special modifier for cotton planting alkaline soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a special improver for cotton planting alkaline soil, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The improver comprises the following components: bacillus subtilis, streptomyces microflavus, bacillus licheniformis, charcoal, ammonium bicarbonate, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, vinegar residues and livestock manure. In alkaline soil improvement, excessive application of biochar can cause reduction of soil fertility, and then adverse effects on growth and development of crops are generated. However, the modifier provided by the invention solves the problem. The biochar content of the modifier provided by the invention is as high as 50-70%, and the negative effect of excessive biochar on soil fertility is effectively reduced by compounding and proportioning the biochar, the microbial agent, the inorganic substance and the organic substance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and relates to an improver specially used for alkaline soil for cotton planting. Background Art

[0002] Cotton is one of the most important fiber crops in the world. Cotton is not only the main raw material of the textile industry, but also supports the prosperity and development of many industries such as clothing and home textiles. The problem of soil alkalinity faced by cotton-growing areas is becoming increasingly severe, and has become an important factor restricting the healthy development of the cotton industry. High salt and high pH in alkaline soils will destroy the soil structure, reduce the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and make it difficult for cotton roots to absorb enough water and nutrients from the soil, resulting in slow growth of cotton, yellowing leaves, and short plants, which seriously affects the yield and quality of cotton. The salt in alkaline soils can also poison the roots of cotton, causing poor root development or even death. This will cause cotton to be susceptible to adverse stresses such as drought, pests and diseases during growth, further reducing the yield and quality of cotton. Finally, alkaline soils will also affect the flowering and fruiting of cotton, reducing the number and weight of cotton bolls, thereby reducing the yield of cotton. In the prior art, due to the differences in the causes and physical and chemical properties of alkaline soils in different regions, the applicability of improvement technology is often limited, and it is difficult to accurately improve specific soil conditions. Some traditional improvement methods, such as applying gypsum and lime, can reduce soil pH to a certain extent, but the improvement cycle is long and the effect is slow to show, which can hardly meet the urgent needs of cotton production.

[0003] Biochar itself contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrients required for crop growth, and it has more micropores and a larger specific surface area. Therefore, the application of biochar can not only increase soil temperature and improve soil water holding capacity, but also promote crop growth, increase leaf area index and chlorophyll content, increase photosynthetic rate, crop yield and quality. However, excessive application of biochar will lead to stunted crop growth, reduced yield and quality, and will also greatly reduce water and fertilizer productivity, causing serious impacts on the surrounding water and soil environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an alkaline soil conditioner specifically for cotton planting, which is used to solve the problem that excessive application of biochar in alkaline soil improvement will lead to a decrease in soil fertility, which in turn will lead to stunted crop growth, reduced yield, and reduced quality.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an improver specifically for alkaline soil for cotton planting, which comprises, by weight: 20 to 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 20 to 30 parts of Streptomyces tenuifolius, 10 to 40 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 500 to 700 parts of biochar, 55 to 90 parts of ammonium carbonate, 50 to 70 parts of humic acid, 10 to 20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 50 to 125 parts of vinegar grains, and 50 to 135 parts of livestock manure.

[0006] Furthermore, in the improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting provided by the present invention, the effective viable bacteria count of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant is 2×10 10 cfu / g or more, the effective viable count of the Streptomyces tenuifolius agent is 1×10 10 The effective viable bacteria count of the Bacillus licheniformis agent is 1×10 11 Pieces / g or more.

[0007] Furthermore, in the improver specifically for alkaline soil for cotton planting provided by the present invention, the biochar is prepared by pyrolysis of cotton straw.

[0008] Furthermore, in the improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting provided by the present invention, the cotton stalks need to be crushed and then passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve;

[0009] The pyrolysis temperature is 400-600° C., and the pyrolysis time is 12-18 hours.

[0010] Furthermore, in the improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting provided by the present invention, the livestock manure is obtained by naturally air-drying cattle and sheep manure;

[0011] The water content of the livestock manure is 8% to 10%.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of an improver specifically for alkaline soil for cotton planting in improving alkaline soil for cotton planting.

[0013] Furthermore, when the improver specially used for alkaline soil for cotton planting provided by the present invention is used to improve the alkaline soil for cotton planting, the application amount of the improver is 80-120 kg / mu.

[0014] Furthermore, when the improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting provided by the present invention is used to improve the alkaline soil for cotton planting, the soil is plowed 20 to 30 cm, the improver is evenly spread, and the soil is plowed again to mix evenly with the improver.

[0015] Furthermore, when the improver specially used for alkaline soil for cotton planting provided by the present invention improves the alkaline soil for cotton planting, the improvement treatment is carried out within 5 to 10 days before cotton planting.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0017] (1) Compared with the unimproved soil, the total salt content and pH value of the soil with excessive biochar application decreased by 16.0% and 5.6%, respectively, and the organic matter content increased from 11.30 g / kg to 15.85 g / kg. Excessive application of biochar has a certain effect on the improvement of alkaline soil, but the improvement effect is far less than that of the improver described in the present invention. With the improver described in the present invention, the total salt content of the soil decreased by 63.30% to 73.6%, the pH value decreased from weak alkaline to neutral, and the organic matter content increased from 11.30 g / kg to 22.73 g / kg, indicating that the improver described in the present invention can significantly reduce the total salt content of the soil, effectively reduce the degree of soil salinization, and adjust the soil to a more suitable acid-base balance state.

[0018] (2) The improver of the present invention solves the problem that excessive application of biochar in alkaline soil improvement will lead to decreased soil fertility, which in turn leads to stunted crop growth, reduced yield, and reduced quality. Specifically, the application of excessive biochar alone resulted in a 19.1% decrease in seed cotton yield per mu, a 4.2% decrease in plant height, and a 1.8% shortening of taproot length. In contrast, when the improver of the present invention was applied, the seed cotton yield per mu increased to 419kg to 436kg, the plant height of cotton increased by 25.8% to 34.6%, and the taproot length increased by 22.6% to 33.0%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The experimental methods and detection methods described in each embodiment are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0020] The effective viable count of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant described in the following example is 2×10 10 cfu / g, purchased from Weifang Ruichen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the effective viable count of Streptomyces leucoderma was 1×10 10 / g, purchased from Shandong Nuojie Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis agent was 1×10 11 pcs / g, purchased from Weifang Ruichen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; vinegar dregs were purchased from Zhenjiang Hengxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0021] Examples 1 to 3

[0022] This embodiment provides an improver specifically for alkaline soil for cotton planting.

[0023] Table 1 Modifiers specifically used for alkaline soils for cotton cultivation (by mass fraction)

[0024]

[0025] Example 4

[0026] This embodiment provides an improver specifically for alkaline soil for cotton planting.

[0027] 1. Preparation of biochar:

[0028] The raw material of the biochar described in this embodiment is cotton straw. The cotton straw is naturally air-dried and crushed into particles, and then passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve. The cotton straw particles are placed in a high-temperature carbonization furnace and pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a pyrolysis temperature of 400-600° C. for 12-18 hours to obtain biochar.

[0029] 2. Preparation of livestock manure:

[0030] The excrement of livestock such as cattle and sheep is naturally dried to obtain dry excrement, and the water content of dry excrement is 8% to 10%.

[0031] Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces tenuifolius, Bacillus licheniformis, biochar, ammonium carbonate, humic acid, bentonite, ferrous sulfate, vinegar grains and livestock manure were uniformly mixed according to the formulas described in Examples 1 to 3 to obtain an alkaline soil conditioner specifically for cotton planting.

[0032] Example 5

[0033] This embodiment provides a method for improving alkaline soil for cotton planting.

[0034] The experimental site of this example is Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, and the cotton variety planted is Xinluzhong No. 38. 5 to 10 days before cotton planting, the soil is plowed 20 to 30 cm, the alkaline soil conditioner described in Example 2 is sprinkled on the soil where cotton is to be planted, and plowed again to mix the conditioner and soil evenly for cotton planting. Before cotton planting, soil indicators are tested, and the alkaline soil that has not been improved is used as a blank group.

[0035] Table 2 Application amount of saline-alkali soil conditioner for cotton planting

[0036] Treatment Group Treatment Group 1 Treatment Group 2 Treatment Group 3 Treatment Group 4 Treatment Group 5 Improver Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 2 Example 2 Improver (kg / mu) 100 100 100 80 120

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] This example is the same as treatment group 5 in Example 5, except that no Streptomyces tenuiflavus agent is added in this example.

[0039] Comparative Example 2

[0040] This example is the same as treatment group 5 in Example 5, except that no Bacillus licheniformis agent is added in this example.

[0041] Comparative Example 3

[0042] This example is the same as treatment group 5 in Example 5, except that in this example, only biochar is applied, and the application amount is 60 kg / mu (produced by high-temperature pyrolysis of cotton straw as described in Example 4).

[0043] Table 3 Soil indicators after improvement

[0044]

[0045] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the blank group, the total salt content of treatment groups 1 to 3 decreased by 67.7%, 73.6%, and 63.30%, and the pH value also decreased from weak alkalinity to neutrality, and the content of organic matter increased significantly, indicating that the alkaline soil conditioner described in Examples 1 to 3 can be used for the improvement of cotton planting soil. Compared with treatment group 2, the total salt content and pH value of treatment groups 4 and 5 increased slightly, while the organic matter content decreased slightly, but the soil improvement effect was still better than that of treatment groups 1 and 3. The application amount of the alkaline soil conditioner described in the present invention is 80 to 120 kg / mu, preferably 100 kg / mu.

[0046] Compared with the blank group, the total salt content and pH value of Comparative Example 3 (only biochar was applied) decreased by 16.0% and 5.6%, respectively, and the organic matter content increased from 11.30 g / kg to 15.85 g / kg, indicating that excessive application of biochar has a certain effect on the improvement of alkaline soil, but the improvement effect is far less than that of the improver of the present invention. The present invention also reduces the microbial agent in the improver (Comparative Example 1 does not contain Streptomyces leucoderma, and Comparative Example 2 does not contain Bacillus licheniformis). The improvement effects of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are far less than those of Example 2, but are significantly better than those of Comparative Example 3. This result proves that the improver provided by the present invention successfully reduces the negative impact that excessive biochar may have on soil fertility while using excessive biochar to improve alkaline soil.

[0047] Table 4 Effects of applying improvers on cotton growth

[0048]

[0049] Table 4 shows the effect of applying the improver on cotton growth. As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the unimproved soil (blank group), only the excessive application of biochar (Comparative Example 3) resulted in a 19.1% decrease in seed cotton yield per mu, a 4.2% decrease in plant height, and a 1.8% shortening of the taproot length, indicating that excessive use of biochar will hinder the normal growth of cotton crops and lead to a reduction in cotton yield. In contrast, when the improver of the present invention was applied (treatment groups 1 to 3), the seed cotton yield per mu increased to 424kg, 436kg, and 419kg, respectively. At the same time, the plant height of cotton increased by 31.3%, 34.6%, and 25.8%, respectively, and the taproot length increased by 22.6%, 33.0%, and 23.1%, respectively, indicating that the application of the improver of the present invention can promote the growth and development of cotton and increase the yield of cotton.

[0050] Furthermore, the effect of the improver of the present invention at different application rates has also been verified. When the application rates were 80kg / mu (treatment group 4), 100kg / mu (treatment group 5), and 120kg / mu (treatment group 2), the per-mu yield of seed cotton was 426kg, 434kg, and 436kg, respectively, the plant height of cotton increased to 98.4-101.9cm, and the taproot length increased to 27.5-29.4cm, indicating that the improver can effectively play its improving role and promote cotton growth within the appropriate application range.

[0051] Compared with treatment group 2, in comparative example 1 (Streptomyces leucoflavine was not added to the improver) and comparative example 2 (Bacillus licheniformis was not added to the improver), the yield of seed cotton was reduced by 23.9% and 27.1%, the height of cotton crops was reduced by 16.6% and 18.7%, and the taproot length of cotton crops was reduced by 16.7% and 13.6%, respectively. The lack of any component in the improver of the present invention will have an adverse effect on its improvement effect in alkaline soil for cotton planting. Therefore, the complete components of the improver of the present invention are crucial to achieving its optimal improvement effect.

[0052] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but only represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained without creative work and related deductions and substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field under the conditions of the concept of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner specially used for cotton planting, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the improver comprises: 20 to 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 20 to 30 parts of Streptomyces tenuifolius, 10 to 40 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 500 to 700 parts of biochar, 55 to 90 parts of ammonium carbonate, 50 to 70 parts of humic acid, 10 to 20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 50 to 125 parts of vinegar grains, and 50 to 135 parts of livestock manure.

2. The improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective viable bacteria count of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant is 2×10 10 cfu / g or more, the effective viable count of the Streptomyces tenuifolius agent is 1×10 10 The effective viable bacteria count of the Bacillus licheniformis agent is 1×10 11 Pieces / g or more.

3. The improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is prepared by pyrolysis of cotton straw.

4. The improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cotton straw needs to be crushed and then passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve; The pyrolysis temperature is 400-600° C., and the pyrolysis time is 12-18 hours.

5. The improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The livestock manure is obtained by naturally air-drying cattle and sheep manure.

6. The improver for alkaline soil for cotton planting according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water content of the livestock manure is 8% to 10%.

7. Use of the improver specifically for alkaline soil for cotton planting according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving alkaline soil for cotton planting.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The application amount of the improver is 80-120 kg / mu.

9. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: Plough the soil to a depth of 20 to 30 cm, spread the amendment evenly, and plough the soil again to mix the amendment evenly.

10. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: Improvement treatment should be carried out 5 to 10 days before cotton planting.

Images