Efficient shaped charge blasting charging device for tunnel smooth blasting

Abstract

The invention relates to an efficient shaped charge blasting charging device for tunnel smooth blasting, and belongs to the field of tunnel shaped charge smooth blasting. The device comprises an energy gathering pipe I and an energy gathering pipe II, the two ends of the energy gathering pipe I are an end A and an end B, the two ends of the energy gathering pipe II are an end A'and an end B ', the end A of the energy gathering pipe I is close to a blast hole opening, the end B of the energy gathering pipe I is fixedly connected with the end A' of the energy gathering pipe II through a positioning plate, and the end B 'of the energy gathering pipe II is fixedly connected with the end A' of the adjacent energy gathering pipe II through a positioning plate. A filling fixing bag, a water bag, conventional explosives and energy-gathered explosives are sequentially arranged in the energy-gathered pipe I from the end A to the end B, and conventional explosives and energy-gathered explosives are sequentially arranged in the energy-gathered pipe II from the end A'to the end B '; an industrial electronic detonator is inserted into the energy-gathered explosive of the energy-gathered tube II located at the bottom of the blast hole, and a leg wire of the industrial electronic detonator sequentially penetrates through the centers of the energy-gathered tube II and the energy-gathered tube I from the bottom of the blast hole to an orifice. The charging stability and the forming effect of the tunnel smooth blasting peripheral holes can be improved, the construction cost is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-efficiency concentrated energy blasting charging device for tunnel smooth surface blasting, belonging to the technical field of tunnel concentrated energy smooth surface blasting. Background Art

[0002] When drilling and blasting is used in underground projects (such as tunnel construction, tunnel excavation and related water conservancy and hydropower projects), the tunnel smooth blasting forming effect and construction efficiency are closely related to the drilling level of the peripheral holes and the charging structure. However, in the current existing smooth blasting construction technology, there are the following technical problems: due to the constraints of complex factors such as the geological conditions of subway tunnels, the drill rod cannot be close to the excavation surface during drilling operations, the space reserved for drilling cannot meet the drilling requirements, and the design angle cannot be achieved. Long and short hole blasting design schemes are often used to control the over-excavation and under-excavation of the surrounding rock, so the peripheral holes are required to have a certain external insertion angle. Construction workers hold and propel drilling equipment to drill holes. Construction workers cannot eliminate the vibration generated by the drilling equipment during drilling. The vibration is likely to cause the external insertion angle of the drill hole to shift. The explosives in the blasthole have a certain weight, and the filling materials are usually scattered rock chips with poor cohesion. When the inclination angle of the blasthole is too large, the filling materials in the blasthole are easily squeezed by the explosives and separated from the blasthole, causing the explosives to slip, thereby affecting the quality of smooth blasting. In addition, in the traditional tunnel smooth blasting technology, the peripheral holes usually use detonating cords to connect the sections of the explosive rolls, and bamboo strips are used to evenly distribute the charge. This charging structure has a complex construction process. If the application of detonating cords is limited, it will affect the construction progress and quality of the tunnel project. At the same time, the charging process of the peripheral holes of the traditional smooth blasting using energy-gathering tubes is cumbersome. The explosives need to be pre-processed into multiple sections of explosives. After the first section of the shaped explosives is loaded, the gun sticks are used to mark the position of the explosives and load the next section of the explosives. This process is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also difficult to ensure the uniformity and compactness of the charge, which in turn affects the stability and predictability of the blasting effect. In the future, with the further application of energy-gathering devices in the field of tunnel blasting, it is necessary to propose a scientific tunnel smooth blasting high-efficiency energy-gathering blasting charging device and method, in order to overcome the key technical barriers in the current tunnel construction process, thereby ensuring the smooth blasting effect of tunnel projects, reducing construction costs and improving construction efficiency, and helping the continuous development of refined control technology for energy-gathering smooth blasting in tunnel projects. In view of the above problems, the existing technology needs to be improved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a high-efficiency concentrated-energy blasting charging device for smooth-surface blasting of a tunnel, which has the advantages of improving charging stability and blasting effect, reducing construction costs and improving construction efficiency.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0005] A high-efficiency shaped charge blasting device for smooth blasting of a tunnel comprises a shaped tube I100 and a shaped tube II200, wherein the two ends of the shaped tube I100 are an A end and a B end, and the two ends of the shaped tube II200 are an A' end and a B' end, wherein the A end of the shaped tube I100 is close to the orifice of the blast hole, the B end of the shaped tube I100 is fixedly connected with the A' end of the shaped tube II200 through a positioning plate 300, and the B' end of the shaped tube II200 is fixedly connected with the A' end of the adjacent shaped tube II200 through a positioning plate 300;

[0006] A filling and fixing bag 110, a water bag 120, a conventional explosive 140 and a shaped explosive 150 are sequentially arranged in the energy-gathering tube I 100 from the A end to the B end, and a conventional explosive 140 and a shaped explosive 150 are sequentially arranged in the energy-gathering tube II 200 from the A' end to the B' end;

[0007] An industrial electronic detonator 190 is inserted into the shaped explosive 150 of the shaped tube II 200 located at the bottom of the blasthole. The industrial electronic detonator leg line 191 of the industrial electronic detonator 190 passes through the center of the shaped tube II 200 and the shaped tube I 100 in sequence from the bottom of the blasthole to the hole mouth.

[0008] Preferably, the high-efficiency energy-focused blasting charging device for smooth blasting of the tunnel further includes a cable tie, and the positioning plate 300 is fixedly connected to the B end of the energy-focused tube I100 and the A' end of the energy-focused tube II200 by the cable tie, and the positioning plate 300 is fixedly connected to the B' end of the energy-focused tube II200 and the A' end of the adjacent energy-focused tube II200 by the cable tie.

[0009] Preferably, the energy concentrating tube I100 includes an upper semicircular energy concentrating tube I180 and a lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I1100, and the energy concentrating tube II200 includes an upper semicircular energy concentrating tube II220 and a lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II210, and the bottom of the B end of the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I1100 is provided with a through hole I1101, and the bottom of the B' end of the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II210 is provided with a through hole II. A through hole III 211 is provided at the bottom of the A' end of the Ⅱ, and a through hole IV 310 and a through hole V 320 are provided on the positioning plate 300. The through hole IV 310 corresponds to the through hole I 1101, and the through hole V 320 corresponds to the through hole III 211. The cable tie passes through the through hole I 1101 of the lower semicircular ring of the energy-gathering tube I 100 and the through hole IV 310 of the positioning plate 300, and the lower semicircular ring of the energy-gathering tube II 200. Ⅱ through hole Ⅲ211 and through hole Ⅴ320 of positioning plate 300 so that the B end of energy-gathering tube Ⅰ100 is positioned and fixed to the positioning plate 300, and the A' end of energy-gathering tube Ⅱ200 is positioned and fixed to the positioning plate 300, so as to realize the fixed connection between the B end of energy-gathering tube Ⅰ100 and the A' end of energy-gathering tube Ⅱ200; the cable tie passes through the through hole Ⅱ of the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube Ⅱ and the through hole Ⅳ310 of the positioning plate 300, the through hole Ⅲ211 of the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube Ⅱ of the adjacent energy-gathering tube Ⅱ200 and the through hole Ⅴ320 of the positioning plate 300 so that the B' end of energy-gathering tube Ⅱ200 is positioned and fixed to the positioning plate 300, and the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube Ⅱ200 is positioned and fixed to the positioning plate 300, so as to realize the fixed connection between the B' end of energy-gathering tube Ⅱ200 and the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube Ⅱ200.

[0010] Preferably, the upper semicircular energy concentrating tube I180 is provided with a positioning seam I181, and the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I1100 is provided with a positioning seam II1102 corresponding to the positioning seam I181, and a cable tie is tied inside the positioning seam I181 and the positioning seam II1102 to achieve the positioning and fixation of the upper semicircular energy concentrating tube I180 and the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I1100 to form the energy concentrating tube I100; the upper semicircular energy concentrating tube II220 is provided with a positioning seam III221, and the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II210 is provided with a positioning seam V212 corresponding to the positioning seam III221, and a cable tie is tied inside the positioning seam III221 and the positioning seam V212 to achieve the positioning and fixation of the upper semicircular energy concentrating tube II220 and the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II210 to form the energy concentrating tube II200.

[0011] Preferably, the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I1100 of the energy-gathering tube I100 includes an energy-gathering half-tube I160 and an energy-gathering half-tube II170, the outer diameter of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 is smaller than the inner diameter of the energy-gathering half-tube II170, the two ends of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 are A" end and B" end, the A" end of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 is close to the orifice of the blasthole, and the B" end of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 is inserted in the semi-circular cavity of the energy-gathering half-tube II170; a filling and fixing bag 110 is arranged in the energy-gathering half-tube I160, and two groups of extrusion devices 161 are symmetrically arranged on the outside of the filling and fixing bag 110, and a water bag 120, a conventional explosive 140 and a shaped explosive 150 are arranged in sequence in the energy-gathering half-tube II170, and the water bag of the energy-gathering half-tube II170 is close to the B" end of the energy-gathering half-tube I160.

[0012] More preferably, the stuffing and fixing bag 110 is provided with a fixed metal frame 114, a water layer 112, an expansion agent mixture filling layer and a bag body 111 in sequence from the inside to the outside, and an interface ring Ⅰ 113 is provided on the bag body 111, and the bag body 111 is tied to the energy-gathering half pipe Ⅰ 160 by a tie passing through the interface ring Ⅰ 113; the extrusion device 161 includes a connecting rod 163, a guide rod, a transverse rod Ⅰ, a transverse rod Ⅱ, and a spring 165, and the connecting rod 163 and the guide rod are both vertically fixed to the outer surface of the bag body 111, and the guide rod is located at the center of the two connecting rods 163, and a Positioning hole, a positioning pin is inserted in the positioning hole, transverse rod I is fixedly set at the top of the two connecting rods 163, guide holes are opened at both ends and the center of transverse rod II, the two connecting rods 163 pass through the guide holes at both ends of transverse rod II, the guide rod passes through the guide hole in the center of transverse rod II, and a plurality of needles 162 are vertically fixed on transverse rod II, and the free end of the needle 162 points to the filling and fixing bag 110, and the spring 165 is sleeved on the guide rod, and one end of the spring 165 is fixedly set at the center of transverse rod I, and the spring 165 is limited between transverse rod I and the positioning pin.

[0013] Preferably, the high-efficiency shaped charge blasting device for smooth blasting of the tunnel further includes a fixing ring 130, on which an interface ring II 131 is provided, and the fixing ring 130 is tied to the shaped half tube II 170 and the lower semicircular shaped tube II 210 by a cable tie passing through the interface ring II 131, and the fixing ring 130 is arranged at the front end of the conventional explosive 140 and the shaped explosive 150, and the conventional explosive 140 and the shaped explosive 150 are both arranged in the shaped tube I 100 and the shaped tube II 200 through the fixing ring 130.

[0014] More preferably, the shaped charge 150 includes a casing 152 and a shaped charge cover 151, an interface ring III 153 is provided on the outer side of the casing 152, the casing 152 is fastened to the shaped charge half-tube II 170 and the lower semicircular shaped charge tube II 210 by a cable tie passing through the interface ring III 153, the shaped charge cover 151 is a cone structure, the cone bottom of the shaped charge cover 151 is located at the end of the casing 152, the cone tip of the shaped charge cover 151 is inserted into the interior of the casing 152, the casing 152 is filled with explosives, the fixing ring 130 is arranged at the front end of the casing 152, and the cone bottom of the shaped charge cover 151 fits the fixing ring 130.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0016] (1) The present invention ensures the stability of the explosives in the blasthole and the concentrated release of blasting energy through the positioning connection structure of the energy-gathering tube I and the energy-gathering tube II, the filling and fixing bag, and the sequential loading design of multiple stages of explosives, thereby having the advantages of improving the stability of the charge and the blasting effect, reducing the construction cost, and improving the construction efficiency;

[0017] (2) The device of the present invention can effectively suppress the slippage of the filling material in the inclined blasthole, ensuring that the explosive loading position is consistent with the design parameters; the modular charging unit can reduce the on-site segmented processing procedures and significantly improve the charging efficiency; the industrial electronic detonator foot line arranged on the central axis can avoid the interference of the charging operation on the detonation circuit and improve the reliability of the blasting process; the directional energy release characteristics of the shaped charge can enhance the contour surface forming quality and reduce the over-excavation and under-excavation phenomena;

[0018] (3) The present invention adopts a packing fixing bag composed of a fixed metal frame, a water layer, an expansion agent mixture filling layer and a bag body. It only needs to use an extrusion device to break the water layer film in the packing fixing bag to achieve expansion and fixation of the packing fixing bag. The fixing bag can achieve the blocking effect of traditional packing, and the aggregate of a certain particle size contained in the expansion agent mixture filling layer can effectively increase the strength and effect of the packing material;

[0019] (4) In the process of charging the upward inclined blasthole, the expansion agent swells when it encounters water, thereby increasing the lateral pressure between the fixing part and the entrance of the blasthole, ensuring the stability of the shaped charge structure in the blasthole, and preventing it from slipping out due to gravity or other factors, thereby greatly improving the fixation and safety of the shaped charge device in the upward inclined blasthole;

[0020] (5) The key parts of the device of the present invention are flexibly fixed with fixing rings and fixed with cable ties, which greatly simplifies the peripheral hole concentrated blasting charging process and cost;

[0021] (6) The water bag is provided in the device of the present invention, which can effectively reduce the dust concentration during the blasting process. The device is composed of a focusing tube I and a plurality of focusing tubes II. The combination form can be flexibly adjusted to meet the requirements of charging parameters for different hole depths, while reducing the transportation difficulty and on-site processing cost of raw materials such as focusing tubes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the splicing of a high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charge device for smooth-surface blasting in a tunnel;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charge device for smooth-surface blasting in tunnels;

[0024] Figure 3 Assembly diagram of filling fixed bags, water bags, conventional explosives and shaped charges inside the high-efficiency shaped charge device for smooth tunnel blasting;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the fixed ring structure;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of shaped explosive;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion device;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the fixed structure of the filling section;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the structure of a high-efficiency shaped-charge blasting device for smooth-surface blasting in tunnels;

[0030] In the figure, 100-energy-gathering tube I, 110-filling fixed bag, 111-bag body, 112-water layer, 113-interface ring I, 114-fixed metal frame, 120-water bag, 130-fixing ring, 131-interface ring II, 140-conventional explosive, 150-shaped explosive, 151-energy-gathering cover, 152-shell, 153-interface ring III, 160-energy-gathering half tube I, 161-extrusion device, 162-needle, 163-connecting rod, 164-fixing bolt, 165-spring, 1 70-energy-gathering half tube II, 180-upper semicircular energy-gathering tube I, 181-positioning seam I, 190-industrial electronic detonator, 191-industrial electronic detonator foot line, 1100-lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I, 1101-through hole I, 1102-positioning seam II, 200-energy-gathering tube II, 210-lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II, 211-through hole III, 212-positioning seam V, 220-upper semicircular energy-gathering tube II, 221-positioning seam III, 300-positioning plate, 310-through hole IV, 320-through hole V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. The components of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application claimed for protection, but only represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the existing technology, underground engineering drilling and blasting construction often faces the technical problem of packing material detachment due to the deviation of the external insertion angle of the borehole. During the construction process, due to equipment vibration and excessive inclination of the blasthole, traditional packing materials are difficult to stably fix the position of the explosives, causing the problem of explosive slippage. At the same time, the peripheral hole charging process has defects such as multi-stage processing, low manual positioning efficiency, and difficulty in ensuring charging uniformity, which directly affects the quality of smooth blasting.

[0033] In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to develop a charging device that has both structural stability and convenient operation. Through analysis, it was found that the fundamental reason for the detachment of the filling material is the lack of an effective axial fixing mechanism, and the low charging efficiency is due to the repeated operations caused by segmented charging. Based on this, the research focus shifted to the construction of modular charging units, using rigid connections to form a continuous support structure, and setting a combined fixing layer in the orifice section. By integrating the detonation line on the central axis of the device, it can protect the industrial electronic detonator leg wire and ensure the directionality of energy transfer.

[0034] Therefore, this application proposes a high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charge device for tunnel smooth blasting (see Figures 1 to 8 ), including an energy-gathering tube I 100 and an energy-gathering tube II 200, the two ends of the energy-gathering tube I 100 are an A end and a B end, the two ends of the energy-gathering tube II 200 are an A' end and a B' end, the A end of the energy-gathering tube I 100 is close to the orifice of the blasthole, the B end of the energy-gathering tube I 100 is fixedly connected with the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II 200 through a positioning plate 300, and the B' end of the energy-gathering tube II 200 is fixedly connected with the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II 200 through a positioning plate 300;

[0035] A filling and fixing bag 110, a water bag 120, a conventional explosive 140 and a shaped explosive 150 are sequentially arranged in the energy-gathering tube I 100 from the A end to the B end, and a conventional explosive 140 and a shaped explosive 150 are sequentially arranged in the energy-gathering tube II 200 from the A' end to the B' end;

[0036] An industrial electronic detonator 190 is inserted into the shaped explosive 150 of the shaped tube II 200 located at the bottom of the blasthole. The industrial electronic detonator leg line 191 of the industrial electronic detonator 190 passes through the center of the shaped tube II 200 and the shaped tube I 100 in sequence from the bottom of the blasthole to the hole mouth.

[0037] Among them, energy-gathering tube I refers to a tubular structure arranged at the orifice section of the blasthole, which can be realized by a split-type circular ring tube body, and its internal stepped charge layout forms an axial support system. Energy-gathering tube II refers to a tubular unit that extends the length of the charge, which can be rigidly connected to the adjacent units through a positioning plate to form a continuous charge channel. The positioning plate refers to a connecting component with a through hole, which can be processed by a plastic sheet, and the axial positioning of the multi-segment unit can be achieved by fixing it with a cable tie and the tube body. The filling fixing bag refers to a flexible container for wrapping the filling material, which can be specifically a double-layer woven bag with an embedded metal frame structure, and the anti-slip ability of the orifice section is enhanced by mechanical locking. The water bag refers to a sealed capsule filled with a liquid medium, which can be made of polyethylene material and uses the incompressible characteristics of the liquid to provide radial support.

[0038] Specifically, the packing and fixing bag of the shaped charge tube I is combined with the water bag to form a composite fixing layer. When the blasthole has an inclined angle, the metal frame of the packing and fixing bag and the liquid pressure of the water bag jointly resist the gravity component of the explosive. The shaped charge tube II is connected to the adjacent units through the positioning plate to form a continuous support structure. During the installation process, only the positioning plate between the units needs to be fixed to realize the positioning of the overall charging system. The industrial electronic detonator is set inside the shaped charge at the bottom of the hole, and its industrial electronic detonator leg line extends along the central axis of the shaped charge tube to the hole mouth. This threading method effectively avoids the friction damage between the industrial electronic detonator leg line and the tube wall during the charging process. The axial distribution of conventional explosives and shaped charges forms an energy gradient release mode, and the conical shaped charge cover of the shaped charge focuses the explosion energy on the contour line of the surrounding rock.

[0039] When loose filling materials are used in traditional charging structures, there is a defect of insufficient axial support force. However, this solution forms a rigid connection network through modular tubes and positioning plates to provide continuous support in inclined blastholes. The existing multi-stage charging requires manual positioning of each section of explosives. This solution achieves overall rapid installation through prefabricated charging units. The exposed arrangement of the traditional industrial electronic detonator leg wires is susceptible to extrusion and deformation. The central threading method of this solution ensures the integrity of the detonation circuit. This application effectively suppresses the slippage of the filling material in the inclined blasthole and ensures that the explosive filling position is consistent with the design parameters. The modular charging unit reduces the on-site segmented processing procedures and significantly improves the charging efficiency. The industrial electronic detonator leg wires arranged on the central axis avoid interference with the detonation circuit by the charging operation and improve the reliability of the blasting process. The directional energy release characteristics of shaped explosives enhance the contour surface forming quality and reduce over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0040] The present application further proposes a high-efficiency energy-focused blasting charging device for smooth blasting of the tunnel, which also includes a cable tie, and the positioning plate 300 is fixedly connected to the B end of the energy-focused tube I100 and the A' end of the energy-focused tube II200 through the cable tie, and the positioning plate 300 is fixedly connected to the B' end of the energy-focused tube II200 and the A' end of the adjacent energy-focused tube II200 through the cable tie.

[0041] The cable tie refers to a belt-shaped connector with an adjustable locking function, which can be realized by a self-locking cable tie made of nylon, with a width of 5-10 mm, and forms a ring-shaped binding structure by passing through the through holes at the end of the positioning plate and the energy-gathering tube. The positioning plate refers to a plastic plate with a through-hole structure, which can be made of a plastic plate with a thickness of 2-3 mm. The position of the through-hole corresponds to the through-hole at the end of the energy-gathering tube, and is used to constrain the path of the cable tie.

[0042] Specifically, the cable tie forms a multi-directional constraint by penetrating the through holes of the ends of the energy-gathering tubes I and II and the positioning plate. When the cable tie is locked, a surface contact fixation is formed between the ends of the energy-gathering tubes and the positioning plate. The positioning plate acts as a rigid support body to bear the axial load, and the cable tie acts as a flexible constraint body to provide radial clamping force. The synergistic effect of the two can resist the shear stress caused by drilling vibration. Adjacent energy-gathering tubes are connected by serial positioning plates to form a continuous charging structure, which keeps the axis aligned during the loading process to prevent the filling material from being pressed and falling off due to angle deviation.

[0043] Traditional energy-gathering tube connections are mostly fixed by threads or bolts, or directly adopt the form of one-piece long energy-gathering tubes, which have the defects of low installation efficiency and inability to adapt to drilling vibration. This technology realizes the rapid assembly of the charging structure through the combined connection of cable ties and positioning plates, while using flexible cable ties to absorb vibration energy and rigid positioning plates to maintain structural stability. Compared with bolt connections, the self-locking structure of cable ties avoids the risk of thread engagement failure. This application effectively prevents the problem of packing materials falling off due to loose connection of energy-gathering tubes during charging. Through the use of standardized positioning plates and cable ties, the charging structure can be assembled in sections within 5 minutes, significantly improving the efficiency of charging operations. According to actual engineering measurements, this connection method can keep the charging structure intact under a vibration intensity of 1.5m / S2, meeting the stability requirements of tunnel blasting construction.

[0044] The present application further proposes that the energy-gathering tube I100 includes an upper semicircular energy-gathering tube I180 and a lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I1100, and the energy-gathering tube II200 includes an upper semicircular energy-gathering tube II220 and a lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II210, wherein a through hole I1101 is provided at the bottom of the B end of the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I1100, and a through hole II is provided at the bottom of the B' end of the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II210. A through hole III 211 is provided at the bottom of the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II, and a through hole IV 310 and a through hole V 320 are provided on the positioning plate 300. The through hole IV 310 corresponds to the through hole I 1101, and the through hole V 320 corresponds to the through hole III 211. The cable tie passes through the through hole I 1101 of the energy-gathering tube I and the through hole IV 310 of the positioning plate 300, and the lower semicircular ring of the energy-gathering tube II 200. The through hole III211 of the energy tube II and the through hole V320 of the positioning plate 300 are used to position and fix the B end of the energy-gathering tube I100 to the positioning plate 300, and the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II200 to the positioning plate 300, thereby realizing a fixed connection between the B end of the energy-gathering tube I100 and the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II200; the cable tie passes through the through hole II of the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II and the through hole IV310 of the positioning plate 300, the through hole III211 of the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II200, and the through hole V320 of the positioning plate 300, thereby positioning and fixing the B' end of the energy-gathering tube II200 to the positioning plate 300, and the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II200 to the positioning plate 300, thereby realizing a fixed connection between the B' end of the energy-gathering tube II200 and the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II200.

[0045] Among them, through hole I refers to the circular through hole set at the bottom of the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube IB end, which can be processed by drilling with a diameter of 3-5 mm, and is used to form an axial constraint with the through hole IV of the positioning plate. Through hole II refers to the through hole set at the bottom of the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube IIB' end, and its aperture can be consistent with through hole I, and is used to connect adjacent energy-gathering tubes II in series. Through hole III refers to the positioning hole at the bottom of the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube IIA' end, and its position forms a mirror-symmetric relationship with through hole V to ensure the coaxiality when multiple pipe sections are connected. Through hole IV and through hole V refer to two groups of positioning holes on the positioning plate, and their center distance matches the spacing between through hole I and through hole III to form a hole group positioning reference.

[0046] Specifically, the energy-gathering tubes I and II adopt a split upper and lower semicircular ring structure, and the lower semicircular ring serves as a positioning base to bear the axial load. When connecting the pipe sections, the positioning plate is clamped between the two sections of the energy-gathering tubes as an intermediate connector, and three-point positioning is achieved through the spatial constraint relationship formed by the through-hole group. During the assembly process, the cable tie passes through through-hole I and through-hole IV to form the first positioning point, and at the same time passes through through-hole III and through-hole V to form the second positioning point. The connecting line formed by the two positioning points coincides with the axis of the tube body to ensure the coaxiality of the connecting section. For the series connection of adjacent energy-gathering tubes II, through-hole II and through-hole III are respectively connected to through-hole IV and through-hole V of the positioning plate to form a double-node constraint mechanism, which can still maintain the connection stability under the condition of an inclination angle exceeding 30 degrees.

[0047] Traditional energy-gathering tube connections mostly use threaded sleeve connections, which have the problems of low axial positioning accuracy and poor construction efficiency. This solution realizes the rapid plug-in and positioning of multiple pipe sections through the combination of prefabricated through-hole groups and positioning plates. The assembly time can be shortened to one-fifth of the traditional method, allowing high-precision assembly operations to be completed in a small space. This application effectively solves the technical defect that the charge structure in the inclined blasthole is easy to loosen. The split lower semicircular ring structure cooperates with the through-hole positioning mechanism to form a rigid node at the connection of each pipe section, which can still withstand axial loads under 60-degree inclined conditions. The double-node constraint design can suppress the slip effect caused by the gravity of the explosive, and the integrity of the hole wall forming after blasting is improved by about 40%. The matching accuracy of the positioning plate and the through-hole group is controlled within the range of ±0.5 mm, ensuring that the deviation of the axis of adjacent energy-gathering tubes is less than 1 degree, realizing the directional transmission of blasting energy.

[0048] The present application further proposes that a positioning seam I181 is provided on the upper semicircular energy-gathering tube I180 of the energy-gathering tube I, and a positioning seam II1102 corresponding to the positioning seam I181 is provided on the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I1100, and a cable tie is tied inside the positioning seam I181 and the positioning seam II1102 to achieve the positioning and fixation of the upper semicircular energy-gathering tube I180 and the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I1100 to form the energy-gathering tube I100; a positioning seam III221 is provided on the upper semicircular energy-gathering tube II220 of the energy-gathering tube II, and a positioning seam V212 corresponding to the positioning seam III221 is provided on the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II210, and a cable tie is tied inside the positioning seam III221 and the positioning seam V212 to achieve the positioning and fixation of the upper semicircular energy-gathering tube II220 and the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II210 to form the energy-gathering tube II200.

[0049] Among them, the positioning seam I refers to the longitudinal groove structure opened on the wall of the upper semicircular ring energy-gathering tube I, which can be realized by mechanical cutting or mold forming process, and is used to form a symmetrical channel with the positioning seam II of the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube I, providing a path for the cable tie to pass through. The positioning seam II refers to the longitudinal groove structure opened on the wall of the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube I, and its position is symmetrically distributed along the axis of the tube body with the positioning seam I, which can be realized by laser positioning processing to ensure that the grooves are aligned to form a complete through hole when the upper and lower semicircular rings are closed. The cable tie refers to a belt-shaped connector with a self-locking function, such as a high-strength tightening belt made of nylon, which applies a radial constraint force through the through hole formed by the positioning seam to force the upper and lower semicircular rings to remain in a closed state.

[0050] Specifically, during the assembly process, after aligning the positioning seams I and II of the upper semicircular energy-gathering tube I with the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I, pass the cable tie through the through hole formed by the two and tighten it. At this time, the radial pressure generated by the cable tie forces the upper and lower semicircular rings to fit tightly together to eliminate axial misalignment. Similarly, after the positioning seams III and V of the energy-gathering tube II are aligned, the cable tie passes through the formed through hole and is locked to ensure the circumferential closure of the upper and lower semicircular energy-gathering tubes II. Due to the positioning function of the positioning seam, the assembly of the upper and lower semicircular rings does not need to rely on external clamps, and self-positioning and fixing can be completed only by cable ties.

[0051] Traditional energy-gathering tubes mostly use gluing or bolting to connect the upper and lower shells, which has the problems of low positioning accuracy and long assembly time. For example, the gluing method requires waiting for curing time and cannot adjust the misalignment; the bolt connection requires pre-embedded threaded holes in the tube wall, resulting in a decrease in structural strength. This solution achieves rapid positioning while maintaining the integrity of the tube body through the synergistic effect of the positioning seam and the cable tie, and the assembly can be completed without complex tools. This application solves the problem of loose charging structure caused by positioning deviation when assembling the upper and lower semicircular rings of the energy-gathering tube. The symmetrical design of the positioning seam ensures the axial alignment of the upper and lower semicircular rings, and the radial constraint force applied by the cable tie maintains the closed state of the tube body to avoid separation of the tube body during the explosive loading process. This solution simplifies the assembly process and shortens the construction period, while enhancing the overall stiffness of the energy-gathering tube and ensuring the stability of the directional release of blasting energy.

[0052] The present application further proposes that the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I1100 of the energy-gathering tube I100 includes an energy-gathering half-tube I160 and an energy-gathering half-tube II170. The outer diameter of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 is smaller than the inner diameter of the energy-gathering half-tube II170. The two ends of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 are the A” end and the B” end. The A” end of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 is close to the orifice of the blast hole, and the B” end of the energy-gathering half-tube I160 is inserted into the semicircular cavity of the energy-gathering half-tube II170. A filling and fixing bag 110 is arranged in the energy-gathering half-tube I160, and two groups of extrusion devices 161 are symmetrically arranged on the outside of the filling and fixing bag 110. A water bag 120, conventional explosives 140 and shaped explosives 150 are arranged in sequence in the energy-gathering half-tube II170, and the water bag of the energy-gathering half-tube II170 is close to the B” end of the energy-gathering half-tube I160.

[0053] Among them, the energy-gathering half-tube I refers to a semicircular ring-shaped tube section with a smaller outer diameter, and its outer surface can form a nested fit with the inner cavity of the energy-gathering half-tube II, for example, it can be made of thermoplastic material. This design allows the two half-tubes to be quickly assembled by plugging, reducing the complexity of the structure. The extrusion device refers to a force-applying mechanism distributed on the outside of the filling and fixing bag, for example, a mechanical structure in which a spring-driven needle can be used, which punctures the water layer in the filling and fixing bag by applying radial pressure. The arrangement of the water bag near the B" end of the energy-gathering half-tube I refers to arranging a flexible water storage container near the nesting interface, for example, a polyethylene sealing bag is used. This arrangement forms a physical isolation layer to prevent the explosive from retreating toward the orifice due to vibration. In addition, during the blasting process, the water in the water bag ruptures to form water mist, which can reduce harmful effects such as blasting dust.

[0054] Specifically, when charging is carried out, the A” end of the energy-gathering half-tube I is inserted into the inner cavity of the energy-gathering half-tube II toward the mouth of the blasthole to complete the nested connection, forming a continuous lower semicircular ring structure. The water bag is arranged adjacent to the B” end of the energy-gathering half-tube I, forming an isolation barrier during the explosive loading process. Conventional explosives and shaped explosives are arranged continuously along the axial direction of the energy-gathering half-tube II, and the position stability of the charging section is maintained by a fixing ring.

[0055] The traditional charging device adopts an integral energy-gathering tube structure, which means that the filling material needs to be installed from the end of the tube body, which limits the operating space and makes it difficult to apply uniform compression force. However, this solution uses the nested design of the split energy-gathering half-tube to allow the installation and positioning of the filling fixing bag to be completed in an open state, and then the tube body is closed. This application achieves reliable fixation of the filling material and precise positioning of the explosives, effectively preventing the slippage of the charge in the inclined blasthole. The modular tube structure simplifies the on-site installation process.

[0056] The present application further proposes that the filling and fixing bag 110 is provided with a fixed metal frame 114, a water layer 112, an expansion agent mixture filling layer and a bag body 111 in sequence from the inside to the outside, and an interface ring Ⅰ 113 is provided on the bag body 111, and the bag body 111 is tied to the energy-gathering half pipe Ⅰ 160 by a tie passing through the interface ring Ⅰ 113; the extrusion device 161 includes a connecting rod 163, a guide rod, a transverse rod Ⅰ, a transverse rod Ⅱ, and a spring 165, and the connecting rod 163 and the guide rod are both vertically fixed to the outer surface of the bag body 111, and the guide rod is located at the center of the two connecting rods 163, and a positioning hole is opened on the guide rod. A positioning pin is inserted in the positioning hole, and the transverse rod I can be fixed at the top of the two connecting rods 163 by a fixing bolt 164. Guide holes are opened at both ends and the center of the transverse rod II. The two connecting rods 163 pass through the guide holes at both ends of the transverse rod II, and the guide rod passes through the guide hole in the center of the transverse rod II. A plurality of needles 162 are vertically fixed on the transverse rod II, and the free ends of the needles 162 point to the filling and fixing bag 110. A spring 165 is sleeved on the guide rod, and one end of the spring 165 is fixedly set at the center of the transverse rod I. The spring 165 is limited between the transverse rod I and the positioning pin.

[0057] Among them, the fixed metal frame refers to an annular support structure composed of rigid materials, which is used to maintain the radial rigidity of the filling and fixing bag to prevent deformation and prevent the needle from accidentally damaging the foot line of the industrial electronic detonator when piercing the water layer. The water layer refers to the sealed water body wrapped on the outside of the fixed metal frame. Specifically, a polyethylene film can be used to encapsulate the liquid, which is used to mix with the expansion agent to trigger the reaction after rupture. The expansion agent mixture filling layer refers to a filler composed of water-expandable materials and aggregates. For example, the expansion agent can be a gypsum-based or resin-based composite material, which is used to expand in volume after contact with water to achieve sealing and fixing. The interface ring I refers to an annular connecting component arranged on the outside of the bag body, which can be a nylon ring, and is mechanically anchored with the energy-gathering half-tube I through a cable tie. The connecting rod and the guide rod constitute a dual guiding mechanism. The connecting rod can be a metal rod or a plastic rod to provide lateral support. The guide rod can be a plastic rod and a positioning hole is provided to constrain the movement trajectory of the lateral rod II. The needle array refers to a plurality of puncture components with their tips facing the filling and fixing bag, such as stainless steel needles arranged at a preset spacing, which are used to simultaneously pierce the water layer and release liquid. The spring preload energy storage mechanism refers to a compression spring sleeved on the guide rod, with its two ends respectively abutting against the transverse rod I and the positioning pin shaft, and is used to store elastic potential energy to drive the puncture action.

[0058] Specifically, when the inclination angle of the blasthole is too large, the packing and fixing bag is fixed in the energy-gathering half-tube I through the cable tie of the interface ring I. When the explosive is loaded, the bag body is squeezed, and the spring is kept in a compressed state under the constraint of the transverse rod I and the positioning pin. When the external force reaches the set threshold (for example, the positioning pin is pulled manually), the positioning pin is separated from the positioning hole of the guide rod, and the spring releases the elastic potential energy to push the transverse rod II to move axially along the guide hole of the connecting rod and the guide rod, driving the needle array to pierce the water layer film. The released water quickly penetrates into the filling layer of the expansion agent mixture, triggering the volume expansion of the material, and the expansion force is transmitted to the bag body, so that the packing and fixing bag forms a close contact with the blasthole wall. At the same time, the radial support of the fixed metal frame can prevent the bag body from excessive deformation, and the continuous expansion of the expansion agent mixture further compacts the packing material to form a multiple fixing effect. This process realizes the instant fixation and continuous sealing of the packing material in the inclined blasthole through the synergistic effect of mechanical triggering and material reaction.

[0059] Traditional packing materials rely only on the accumulation of loose rock debris, which is easily squeezed by the gravity of explosives and causes them to fall off in inclined blastholes. However, this solution uses a composite structure of a rigid frame and an expansion material to actively form radial support and sealing under a mechanical trigger mechanism without relying on external packing operations. Compared with the technology of simply using expansion materials, the added needle puncture mechanism can accurately control the timing of water layer rupture and avoid fixation failure caused by premature or delayed triggering. In addition, the cooperation of the double guide mechanism and the preload spring can ensure the synchronization and reliability of the puncture action, overcoming the defect of low efficiency of manual puncture operation. This application effectively solves the technical problem that packing materials are easy to fall off in inclined blastholes. The active expansion mechanism of the packing fixing bag can compensate for the extrusion force generated by the explosive filling in real time to form a dynamic sealing effect. The automatic triggering method of the extrusion device significantly improves the charging efficiency and avoids errors in manual operation. The combination of a rigid frame and a flexible expansion material not only ensures the stability of the packing structure, but also adapts to the environment of blastholes with different apertures, providing a reliable packing and fixing guarantee for the shaped charge blasting.

[0060] The present application further proposes that a high-efficiency shaped charge blasting device for smooth blasting of a tunnel also includes a fixing ring 130, on which an interface ring II 131 is arranged, and the fixing ring 130 is fastened to the shaped half tube II 170 and the lower semicircular shaped tube II 210 by a cable tie passing through the interface ring II 131, and the fixing ring 130 is arranged at the front end of the conventional explosive 140 and the shaped explosive 150, and the conventional explosive 140 and the shaped explosive 150 are both arranged in the shaped tube I 100 and the shaped tube II 200 through the fixing ring 130.

[0061] Among them, the fixing ring refers to an annular support component made of metal or polymer material, which can be realized by an annular steel plate or engineering plastic ring with a preformed interface ring II, whose inner diameter matches the inner cavity size of the energy-gathering tube, and the outer edge is connected and fixed to the wall of the energy-gathering tube by a cable tie. Interface ring II refers to an annular protrusion or perforated structure arranged on the outside of the fixing ring, such as a welded metal ring or a molded plastic ring, which is used to provide a channel for the cable tie to pass through. The cable tie can be made of nylon or metal, and forms a circumferential constraint on the fixing ring by passing through the interface ring II and connecting with the preset binding points on the outside of the energy-gathering tube. The front ends of conventional explosives and shaped explosives refer to the head end positions of the two explosives when they are arranged axially along the energy-gathering tube, respectively. The fixing ring is installed between the two explosives or at the head end of the shaped explosive as a partition and support structure.

[0062] Specifically, after the fixing ring is tied and fixed to the wall of the energy-gathering half tube II and the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube II by cable ties, its annular body forms a radial limit for the explosive. During the loading process, the conventional explosive is placed in the energy-gathering tube and abuts against the end face of one side of the fixing ring, while the shaped explosive is loaded from the other side and contacts the fixing ring. The annular structure of the fixing ring blocks the movement of the explosive in the axial direction. Due to the cooperation between the interface ring II and the cable tie, the position of the fixing ring in the energy-gathering tube remains stable. Even if the tube body is tilted or vibrates, the explosive is still confined in the space formed by the fixing ring and the energy-gathering tube. This structure does not require segmented marking of the explosive position. During operation, the explosive can be directly pushed along the energy-gathering tube to the fixing ring to complete the positioning, avoiding manual repeated adjustment using a gun stick.

[0063] The traditional charging process relies on the use of gun sticks to compact the explosives in sections and mark the positions. The operation is cumbersome and it is difficult to ensure the compactness of different explosive sections. This solution realizes the self-positioning loading of explosives in the energy-gathering tube through the rigid support of the fixed ring and the connection with the cable tie, eliminating the efficiency loss caused by manual segmentation operation. The problem of explosive slippage caused by loose filling materials in the prior art is solved in this solution by the axial constraint of the explosives by the fixed ring. The present application effectively prevents the axial slippage of the explosive when the blasthole is tilted, ensuring the close contact between the explosive and the wall of the energy-gathering tube; through the separation effect of the fixed ring, the loading process of conventional explosives and shaped explosives is simplified, avoiding uneven distribution of blasting energy caused by insufficient compactness of the charge; the matching design of the interface ring II and the cable tie enhances the anti-vibration ability of the fixed ring under complex geological conditions, thereby improving the charging efficiency and the controllability of the blasting effect.

[0064] The present application further proposes that the shaped charge 150 includes a casing 152 and a shaped hood 151, an interface ring III 153 is arranged on the outer side of the casing 152, the casing 152 is tied to the shaped half pipe II 170 and the lower semicircular ring shaped pipe II 210 by a cable tie passing through the interface ring III 153, the shaped hood 151 is a cone structure, the cone bottom of the shaped hood 151 is located at the end of the casing 152, the cone tip of the shaped hood 151 is inserted into the interior of the casing 152, the casing 152 is filled with explosives, the fixing ring 130 is arranged at the front end of the casing 152, and the cone bottom of the shaped hood 151 fits the fixing ring 130.

[0065] Among them, the casing refers to a rigid shell used to encapsulate explosives, which can be made of high-strength plastic or composite materials. The interface ring III arranged on the outside is a ring structure for cable ties to pass through. The casing is tied and fixed with the energy-gathering half-tube II and the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube II by cable ties, thereby preventing the explosives from shifting due to gravity in the inclined blasthole. The energy-gathering hood refers to a conical structure with energy-gathering function, which can be stamped and formed by metal materials. The bottom of the cone is aligned with the end of the casing and fits the fixing ring. The tip of the cone extends to the inside of the casing. When the explosion occurs, the energy converges along the direction of the cone tip to form a high-speed jet, which enhances the directional effect of the blasting and accurately controls the crack propagation path. The fixing ring refers to a constraint component arranged at the front end of the casing, which is connected to the energy-gathering half-tube II and the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube II by cable ties. It is used to limit the axial movement of the casing, and forms a stable explosion energy transfer path by fitting with the bottom of the cone of the energy-gathering hood.

[0066] Specifically, the casing is firmly tied to the preset positions of the energy-gathering half-tube II and the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering tube II through the cooperation of the interface ring III and the cable tie, ensuring that the explosive will not slip due to the inclination or vibration of the blast hole after loading. The cone structure of the energy-gathering cover is embedded in the casing, and its cone bottom is in close contact with the fixing ring, so that the explosive energy is released in a directional manner along the direction of the cone tip. At the same time, the explosive filled in the casing is enclosed between the fixing ring and the energy-gathering cover, forming an axial constraint to prevent the charge from being loose. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the cone structure of the energy-gathering cover, the casing, and the fixing ring realizes the integrated design of explosive positioning, energy convergence, and stable transmission path.

[0067] In traditional shaped-charge blasting devices, explosives are only fixed by loose filling materials in the blasthole, which is prone to slippage in inclined blastholes, and the lack of mechanical constraints in the shaped-charge structure leads to energy dispersion. This application uses a mechanical fixation design of the casing and the shaped-charge cover, combined with the connection method of the interface ring III and the cable tie, so that the explosives can be accurately positioned and kept compacted during the loading stage. At the same time, the fit between the conical shaped-charge cover and the fixed ring further enhances the directional transmission efficiency of the explosive energy. Through the above technical scheme, this application effectively solves the problems of explosive slippage and insufficient compactness of the charge in traditional shaped-charge blasting, simplifies the charging process through the fixed structure of the casing and the shaped-charge cover, and uses the directional design of the conical shaped-charge cover to enhance the gathering effect of the blasting energy, thereby improving the quality and stability of the smooth blasting molding. The present application realizes stable fixation of the explosive in the blast hole, preventing the explosive from slipping due to detachment of the filling material; improves the consistency of the charge density by uniformly filling the inside of the casing with explosives and directional constraint of the energy-gathering cover; utilizes the cooperation of the conical energy-gathering cover and the fixing ring to ensure that the blasting energy is released in a predetermined direction, thereby enhancing the forming accuracy of the smooth blasting.

[0068] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for smooth blasting of a tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises an energy-gathering tube I (100) and an energy-gathering tube II (200), wherein the two ends of the energy-gathering tube I (100) are an A end and a B end, and the two ends of the energy-gathering tube II (200) are an A' end and a B' end, the A end of the energy-gathering tube I (100) is close to the orifice of the blast hole, the B end of the energy-gathering tube I (100) is fixedly connected to the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200) via a positioning plate (300), and the B' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200) is fixedly connected to the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II (200) via a positioning plate (300); A filling and fixing bag (110), a water bag (120), a conventional explosive (140) and a shaped explosive (150) are sequentially arranged in the shaped tube I (100) from the A end to the B end, and a conventional explosive (140) and a shaped explosive (150) are sequentially arranged in the shaped tube II (200) from the A' end to the B' end; an industrial electronic detonator (190) is inserted in the shaped explosive (150) of the shaped tube II (200) located at the bottom of the blast hole, and an industrial electronic detonator leg line (191) of the industrial electronic detonator (190) sequentially passes through the center of the shaped tube II (200) and the shaped tube I (100) from the bottom of the blast hole to the hole mouth.

2. The high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for smooth tunnel blasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a cable tie, through which the positioning plate (300) is fixedly connected to the B end of the energy-gathering tube I (100) and the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200), and the positioning plate (300) is fixedly connected to the B' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200) and the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II (200) through the cable tie.

3. The high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for tunnel smooth blasting according to claim 2 is characterized by: The energy concentrating tube I (100) comprises an upper semicircular energy concentrating tube I (180) and a lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I (1100), and the energy concentrating tube II (200) comprises an upper semicircular energy concentrating tube II (220) and a lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II (210), wherein the bottom of the B end of the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I (1100) is provided with a through hole I (1101), the bottom of the B' end of the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II (210) is provided with a through hole II, and the bottom of the A' end of the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II is provided with a through hole I (1101). A through hole III (211) is provided, and a through hole IV (310) and a through hole V (320) are provided on the positioning plate (300), wherein the through hole IV (310) corresponds to the through hole I (1101), and the through hole V (320) corresponds to the through hole III (211), and the cable tie passes through the through hole I (1101) of the lower semicircular ring of the energy-gathering tube I (100) and the through hole IV (310) of the positioning plate (300), and the through hole II (1101) of the lower semicircular ring of the energy-gathering tube II (200). The hole III (211) and the through hole V (320) of the positioning plate (300) are connected to position and fix the B end of the energy-gathering tube I (100) with the positioning plate (300) and the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200) with the positioning plate (300), thereby achieving a fixed connection between the B end of the energy-gathering tube I (100) and the A' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200); the cable tie passes through the through hole II of the lower semicircular ring of the energy-gathering tube II (200) and the positioning plate (300). The through hole IV (310), the through hole III (211) of the lower semicircular energy-gathering tube II of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II (200), and the through hole V (320) of the positioning plate (300) enable the B' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200) to be positioned and fixed to the positioning plate (300), and the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II (200) to be positioned and fixed to the positioning plate (300), thereby achieving a fixed connection between the B' end of the energy-gathering tube II (200) and the A' end of the adjacent energy-gathering tube II (200).

4. The high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for smooth blasting of a tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized by: The upper semicircular energy concentrating tube I (180) is provided with a positioning seam I (181), and the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I (1100) is provided with a positioning seam II (1102) corresponding to the positioning seam I (181). The positioning seam I (181) and the positioning seam II (1102) are tied with a strap to realize the positioning and fixing of the upper semicircular energy concentrating tube I (180) and the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube I (1100) to form the energy concentrating tube I (100). ); a locking seam III (221) is provided on the upper semicircular energy concentrating tube II (220); a locking seam V (212) corresponding to the locking seam III (221) is provided on the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II (210); and a strap is tied inside the locking seam III (221) and the locking seam V (212) to achieve the positioning and fixing of the upper semicircular energy concentrating tube II (220) and the lower semicircular energy concentrating tube II (210) to form the energy concentrating tube II (200).

5. The high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for smooth blasting of a tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized by: The lower semicircular energy-gathering tube I (1100) of the energy-gathering tube I (100) comprises an energy-gathering half-tube I (160) and an energy-gathering half-tube II (170). The outer diameter of the energy-gathering half-tube I (160) is smaller than the inner diameter of the energy-gathering half-tube II (170). The two ends of the energy-gathering half-tube I (160) are an A" end and a B" end. The A" end of the energy-gathering half-tube I (160) is close to the orifice of the blast hole. The B" end of the energy-gathering half-tube I (160) is inserted into the energy-gathering half-tube II. The energy-gathering half tube (160) is provided with a stuffing and fixing bag (110), and two groups of squeezing devices (161) are symmetrically arranged outside the stuffing and fixing bag (110). The energy-gathering half tube (170) is provided with a water bag (120), a conventional explosive (140) and a shaped explosive (150) in sequence, and the water bag of the energy-gathering half tube (170) is close to the B" end of the energy-gathering half tube (160).

6. The high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for smooth blasting of a tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filling and fixing bag (110) is provided with a fixed metal frame (114), a water layer (112), an expansion agent mixture filling layer and a bag body (111) in sequence from the inside to the outside. The bag body (111) is provided with an interface ring I (113). The bag body (111) is tied to the energy-gathering half pipe I (160) by a tie passing through the interface ring I (113). The extrusion device (161) comprises a connecting rod (163), a guide rod, a transverse rod I, a transverse rod II and a spring (165). The connecting rod (163) and the guide rod are both vertically fixed to the outer surface of the bag body (111). The guide rod is located at the center of the two connecting rods (163). A positioning hole is formed on the top of the transverse rod (163), a positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole, a transverse rod I is fixedly arranged at the top end of two connecting rods (163), guide holes are formed at both ends and the center of the transverse rod II, the two connecting rods (163) pass through the guide holes at both ends of the transverse rod II, the guide rod passes through the guide hole at the center of the transverse rod II, a plurality of needles (162) are vertically fixedly arranged on the transverse rod II, the free ends of the needles (162) point to the filling and fixing bag (110), a spring (165) is sleeved on the guide rod, one end of the spring (165) is fixedly arranged at the center of the transverse rod I, and the spring (165) is limited between the transverse rod I and the positioning pin.

7. The high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for tunnel smooth blasting according to claim 3 is characterized by: The invention also comprises a fixing ring (130), on which an interface ring II (131) is arranged, and the fixing ring (130) is tied to the energy-gathering half pipe II (170) and the lower semicircular ring energy-gathering pipe II (210) by means of a tie passing through the interface ring II (131); the fixing ring (130) is arranged at the front end of the conventional explosive (140) and the shaped explosive (150); and the conventional explosive (140) and the shaped explosive (150) are both arranged in the energy-gathering pipe I (100) and the energy-gathering pipe II (200) through the fixing ring (130).

8. The high-efficiency shaped-energy blasting charging device for smooth blasting of a tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shaped explosive (150) comprises a casing (152) and a shaped hood (151). An interface ring III (153) is arranged on the outer side of the casing (152). The casing (152) is tied to a shaped half pipe II (170) and a lower semicircular shaped pipe II (210) by a tie passing through the interface ring III (153). The shaped hood (151) is a cone structure. The cone bottom of the shaped hood (151) is located at the end of the casing (152). The cone tip of the shaped hood (151) is inserted into the casing (152). The casing (152) is filled with explosive. A fixing ring (130) is arranged at the front end of the casing (152). The cone bottom of the shaped hood (151) fits the fixing ring (130).

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