A method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic detection, and specifically relates to a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction, including: acquiring an emission wave and a detected received wave, reconstructing the detected received wave divided by signal intensity to obtain a defective signal segment and its initial reconstructed signal; obtaining a reconstruction retention weight based on the steep wave peak feature presented in the defective signal segment; adjusting each wave peak in the initial reconstructed signal to obtain a fused reconstructed signal; dividing all the fused reconstructed signals based on the signal intensity similarity feature of homologous signals to obtain a first reflection signal and its attenuated reflection signal; performing attenuation processing on the attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal to obtain a concrete quality detection wave. The present invention aims to solve the interference generated by multiple reflections of ultrasonic waves during the concrete detection process, and achieve the purpose of eliminating interference and improving the accuracy of concrete quality detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic testing, and particularly relates to a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction. Background Art

[0002] In the building construction industry, concrete is the main building material, and the quality of concrete is directly related to the safety and durability of the entire building structure. The existing concrete quality detection technology uses the ultrasonic pulse wave detection method for detection. Compared with the existing sampling and specimen-making detection method, ultrasonic waves can evaluate the strength and uniformity without damaging the concrete structure. When using the ultrasonic pulse wave detection method to detect the quality of concrete, defects inside the concrete will produce reflection and refraction effects on the ultrasonic pulse to form reflected waves, and the equipment realizes the quality detection of concrete by detecting the defect waves in the reflected waves of the ultrasonic echoes.

[0003] Since the ultrasonic pulse detection method requires the probe to be attached to the concrete surface coated with a coupling agent, and when the defect wave reaches the probe, it needs to pass through the concrete and the coupling agent, there is a crossing of material types. Therefore, the interface will reflect the defect wave when crossing materials, and there will also be other reflections inside the concrete. As a result, in addition to the first reflection, there are also pseudo-defect waves after multiple attenuations in the defect waves collected by the probe, and the pseudo-defect waves interfere with the quality judgment of the concrete. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction to solve the existing problems.

[0005] The following technical solutions are adopted for a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction according to the present invention:

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction, and the method includes the following steps:

[0007] Obtain an emission wave and a detected received wave, the detected received wave includes several ultrasonic signals, and the attributes of the ultrasonic signals are time and signal amplitude;

[0008] Taking the signal amplitude of the emission wave as the standard signal strength, reconstruct the detected received wave divided by the signal strength to obtain a defect signal segment and its initial reconstructed signal;

[0009] Based on the characteristic of the steep wave peaks presented by the key information for quality detection in the defect signal segment, analyze and obtain the reconstruction retention weights of each wave peak in the defect signal segment; use the reconstruction retention weights to adjust each wave peak in the initial reconstructed signal to obtain a fused reconstructed signal; divide all the fused reconstructed signals based on the characteristic of similar signal strengths of homologous signals to obtain the first reflection signal and its attenuated reflection signal;

[0010] The attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal is processed to obtain a concrete quality detection wave.

[0011] Preferably, taking the signal amplitude of the transmitted wave as the standard signal intensity, the specific acquisition steps for reconstructing the detected received wave divided by signal intensity to obtain the defect signal segment and its initial reconstructed signal are as follows:

[0012] The ratio of all extreme points in the defect signal segment to the standard signal intensity is recorded as the initial signal amplitude of each extreme point in the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment.

[0013] Construct a reconstruction space, map the initial signal amplitudes and times of all extreme points in the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment into the reconstruction space, connect them in chronological order to obtain the initial reconstructed curve of the defect signal segment, and record the sequence composed of the signal amplitudes corresponding to each time of the initial reconstructed curve as the initial reconstructed signal.

[0014] Preferably, the specific acquisition steps for the defect signal segment are as follows:

[0015] Use the 3-sigma principle algorithm to detect the signal amplitude of the detected received wave to obtain all information ultrasonic signals.

[0016] Merge all adjacent information ultrasonic signals in time to obtain several ultrasonic signal segments.

[0017] Obtain the information content of all ultrasonic signal segments, normalize it to obtain the normalized information content of each ultrasonic signal segment, preset an information content threshold, and record the ultrasonic signal segments with a normalized information content greater than the information content threshold as defect signal segments.

[0018] Preferably, the specific acquisition steps for analyzing and obtaining the reconstruction retention weight of each wave peak in the defect signal segment based on the wave peak steepness feature presented by the key information for quality detection are as follows:

[0019] For the th defect signal segment, divide the th defect signal segment according to the minimum points, and record the defect signal segment between every two adjacent minimum points as the ultrasonic signal interval of a wave peak of the th defect signal segment.

[0020] Record the sequence composed of the ultrasonic signals from the start time to the signal before the maximum value in the ultrasonic signal interval of each wave peak in the th defect signal segment as the first reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each wave peak in the th defect signal segment.

[0021] For the sequence formed by the ultrasonic signals between the maximum value and the end time of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment, it is denoted as the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment;

[0022] For the mean value of the residuals between the first reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment and the ultrasonic signal sequence in the corresponding time interval on the initial reconstruction interval of the th defect signal segment, it is denoted as the first information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment; For the mean value of the residuals between the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment and the ultrasonic signal sequence in the corresponding time interval on the initial reconstruction interval of the th defect signal segment, it is denoted as the second information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment;

[0023] Analyze the first reflection intensity signal sequence and the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of the peak, as well as the first information richness and the second information richness, to obtain the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment.

[0024] Preferably, the specific steps for obtaining the reconstruction retention weight include:

[0025] Denote the first information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment as ;

[0026] Denote the second information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment as ;

[0027] The calculation method of the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment is:

[0028]

[0029] where is the sequence length of the first reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment, is the sequence length of the second reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment; is the sequence area of the first reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment, is the sequence area of the second reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment; is the first information richness in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment, is the second information richness in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment; is the first preset hyperparameter;

[0030] Obtain the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in each defect signal segment, and record the normalized result of the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in each defect signal segment as the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment.

[0031] Preferably, the specific acquisition steps of obtaining the fused reconstruction signal by adjusting each peak in the initial reconstruction signal using the reconstruction retention weight include:

[0032] Record the product of the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment and the signal amplitude of the corresponding peak in the initial reconstruction signal of the defect signal segment as the adjustment amplitude of each peak in the initial reconstruction signal of the defect signal segment;

[0033] Map the adjustment amplitudes of all peaks in the initial reconstruction signal of the defect signal segment into the reconstruction space, replace the initialized signal amplitudes of the corresponding peaks, connect the signal amplitude of the minimum value point in the reconstructed space after replacement and the adjustment amplitude of the peak, obtain the fused reconstruction curve, and record the sequence composed of the signal amplitudes corresponding to each time of the fused reconstruction curve as the fused reconstruction signal.

[0034] Preferably, the specific acquisition steps of dividing all fused reconstruction signals based on the signal intensity similarity feature of homologous signals to obtain the first reflection signal and its attenuated reflection signal include:

[0035] Obtain the signal intensity similarity probability of every two fused and reconstructed signals, and construct a homologous analysis topological space based on the signal intensity similarity probability of every two fused and reconstructed signals; perform community division on the homologous analysis topological space to obtain several homologous communities;

[0036] According to the time sequence of detecting the received wave, arrange all the fused and reconstructed signals in each homologous community to obtain the time sequence of the fused and reconstructed signals in each homologous community. Denote the first fused and reconstructed signal in the time sequence of the fused and reconstructed signals as a first reflection signal, and denote the ultrasonic signals in the corresponding time intervals in the received wave of the fused and reconstructed signals in the time sequence of the fused and reconstructed signals except the first fused and reconstructed signal as the attenuated reflection signals of the first reflection signal.

[0037] Preferably, the specific steps for obtaining the signal intensity similarity probability include:

[0038] For the th fused and reconstructed signal and the th fused and reconstructed signal, interpolate the th fused and reconstructed signal and the th fused and reconstructed signal with the maximum number of sequences of the two as the standard serial number quantity of the th fused and reconstructed signal and the th fused and reconstructed signal to obtain the comparison sequence of the th fused and reconstructed signal and the comparison sequence of the th fused and reconstructed signal;

[0039] The signal intensity similarity probability of the th fused and reconstructed signal and the th fused and reconstructed signal is calculated as follows:

[0040]

[0041] where is the standard serial number quantity of the th fused and reconstructed signal and the th fused and reconstructed signal, is the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the th fused and reconstructed signal, is the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the th fused and reconstructed signal; is the second preset hyperparameter.

[0042] Preferably, the specific steps for obtaining the concrete quality detection wave include:

[0043] Obtain all corrected reflection signals of all first reflection signals;

[0044] Use the attenuation amplitudes at all times in all corrected reflection signals to replace the signal amplitudes at the corresponding times in the detected received wave, and denote the detected received wave after replacement as the concrete quality detection wave.

[0045] Preferably, the specific steps for obtaining the corrected reflection signals include:

[0046] Take the signal intensity similarity probability between the first reflection signal and the fusion reconstruction signal corresponding to each of its attenuation reflection signals as the attenuation weight of each attenuation reflection signal of the first reflection signal;

[0047] Multiply the signal amplitude at each moment in each attenuation reflection signal of the first reflection signal by the reciprocal of the attenuation weight of each attenuation reflection signal of the first reflection signal, and use the product as the attenuation amplitude at each moment in each attenuation reflection signal of the first reflection signal;

[0048] Denote the ultrasonic signal composed of the attenuation amplitudes at all times in each attenuation reflection signal of the first reflection signal as each corrected reflection signal of the first reflection signal.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows: Obtain the transmitted wave and the detected received wave; use the signal amplitude of the transmitted wave as the standard signal intensity to reconstruct the detected received wave divided by the signal intensity, and obtain the defect signal segment and its initial reconstruction signal; make the divided defect signal segment represent the ultrasonic reflection caused by the defect obstacle in the concrete; based on the wave peak steepness feature presented by the key information of the quality detection in the defect signal segment, analyze and obtain the reconstruction retention weight of each wave peak in the defect signal segment, and use the feature that the important ultrasonic reflection is steeper and the signal intensity is greater to quantify the reconstruction retention weight of each wave peak; use the reconstruction retention weight to adjust each wave peak in the initial reconstruction signal to obtain the fusion reconstruction signal, so that the fusion reconstruction signal only contains the key information and avoids interference from non-key information during homologous analysis; divide all fusion reconstruction signals based on the signal intensity similarity feature of homologous signals to obtain the first reflection signal and its attenuation reflection signals; perform attenuation processing on the attenuation reflection signals of the first reflection signal to obtain the concrete quality detection wave. This application analyzes the signals after multiple reflections of the first reflection signal in the detected received wave and performs attenuation processing on the signals of multiple reflections, thereby solving the problem of interference from multiple reflection waves and improving the accuracy of concrete quality detection. Description of the Drawings

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0051] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the steps of a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the initial reconstructed signal in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] In order to further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended invention purpose, the following, in combination with the drawings and preferred embodiments, details a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction according to the present invention, including its specific implementation manners, structures, features and effects. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, the specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0055] The following specifically describes the specific solution of a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction provided by the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 1 , which shows a structural block diagram of a flowchart of the steps of a method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps:

[0057] Step S001, obtain the transmitted wave and the detected received wave.

[0058] In the current construction industry, concrete is the main high-strength building material, and the quality of its construction directly affects the safety and durability of the entire building construction structure. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the quality of concrete through ultrasonic waves. The purpose of this embodiment is to solve the problem that multiple reflections of ultrasonic waves in concrete result in pseudo-defect waves in the detection results, leading to a decrease in detection accuracy. Therefore, it is first necessary to collect the transmitted wave and the detected received wave during the detection process.

[0059] Preferably, the specific steps for obtaining the transmitted wave and the detected received wave are as follows:

[0060] It should be noted that in this embodiment, an ultrasonic pulse device with an ultrasonic probe is used to collect data, where the transmitted wave is a sound wave with a fixed frequency. The ultrasonic probe in this embodiment generates a transmitted wave of 0.8 MHz for detection;

[0061] Coupling agent is applied to the ultrasonic probe, and after the ultrasonic probe is attached to the surface of the concrete to be detected, the transmitted wave is emitted, and the ultrasonic waves received by the ultrasonic probe are recorded, denoted as the detected received wave. The detected received wave is a time-series signal amplitude signal, where the horizontal axis is the moment when each received wave appears, and the vertical axis is the signal amplitude of the received wave at each moment.

[0062] It should be noted that in order to make the sampling frequencies of the transmitted wave and the detected received wave correspond, the reciprocal of the frequency of the transmitted wave emitted by the ultrasonic probe is used as the sampling frequency of the ultrasonic probe.

[0063] Step S002: Using the signal amplitude of the transmitted wave as the standard signal intensity, reconstruct the detected received wave divided by the signal intensity to obtain the defect signal segment and its initial reconstructed signal.

[0064] It should be noted that ultrasonic detection of concrete quality utilizes the principle that ultrasonic waves will reflect when encountering defect obstacles. By monitoring the time when the reflected wave appears and combining the transmission speed of ultrasonic waves, the location of the defect obstacle can be obtained; when ultrasonic waves do not encounter defect obstacles in the concrete, the signal amplitude of the detected received wave approaches 0, and when ultrasonic waves encounter defect obstacles, the signal amplitude of the detected received wave is larger, and the larger the signal amplitude, the stronger the characteristics of the defect encountered by the ultrasonic waves, such as sharp crack edges, larger hollow volumes, etc.

[0065] Furthermore, it should be noted that since the defects in concrete, such as cracks and cavities, are relatively large in volume, the defects are manifested as a period of ultrasonic data segments in the collected detected received wave. Except for the ultrasonic waves reflected by the defects, other sampling times are ultrasonic data without information. Therefore, in this embodiment, according to the relatively small proportion and continuous characteristics of the ultrasonic waves with defect information among all ultrasonic waves, the detected received wave is divided using the signal intensity of the detected received wave to obtain several ultrasonic signal segments; and then the ultrasonic signal segments are screened according to the information content to obtain several defect signal segments.

[0066] Preferably, the specific steps of dividing the detected received wave using the signal intensity of the detected received wave to obtain several ultrasonic signal segments are as follows:

[0067] Use the 3-sigma principle algorithm to detect the signal amplitude of the detected received wave to obtain all information ultrasonic signals;

[0068] Merge all adjacent information ultrasonic signals in time to obtain several ultrasonic signal segments.

[0069] It should be noted that since the signal amplitude of the ultrasonic signal with information is stronger and accounts for less than that of the ultrasonic signal without reflection, the information ultrasonic signal with information can be detected by the 3-sigma principle algorithm. And because the defect obstacles are regionally distributed, the ultrasonic signal will be reflected for a period of time. The 3-sigma principle algorithm is a well-known existing technology and will not be elaborated in this embodiment.

[0070] Preferably, the specific steps of screening the ultrasonic signal segments according to the information content to obtain several defect signal segments are as follows:

[0071] The information content of the nth ultrasonic signal segment

[0072]

[0073] is calculated as: where is the maximum value of the signal amplitude of the nth ultrasonic signal segment, is the mean value of the signal amplitude of the nth ultrasonic signal segment,

[0074] It should be noted that the larger the signal amplitude of the acoustic wave signal in the detected received wave, the greater the difference in properties between the encountered defect obstacle and normal concrete. Therefore, the difference between the maximum value and the mean value of the signal amplitude is used to represent the signal strength, and the fluctuation condition

[0075] of the ultrasonic signal is used

[0076] to represent the complexity of the defect signal, indicating the value of the information content. Furthermore, obtain the information content of all ultrasonic signal segments, normalize the information content using the maximum-minimum normalization algorithm to obtain the normalized information content of each ultrasonic signal segment, preset an information content threshold. In this embodiment, the information content threshold is taken as 0.3 for example, and the ultrasonic signal segments with normalized information content greater than the information content threshold are recorded as defect signal segments.It should be noted that ultrasonic signals will be reflected multiple times in concrete. After the first reflection signal of the defect obstacle is collected by the ultrasonic probe, the homologous ultrasonic signals after the reflection of the first reflection signal will also be collected, and the homologous ultrasonic signals will also be reflected multiple times. That is, the first reflection signal is the emission wave of the homologous ultrasonic signals of multiple reflections. When there are multiple defect obstacles in the concrete, the first reflection signals and their homologous ultrasonic signals of different defect obstacles overlap with each other, interfering with the quality detection of the concrete. Therefore, in this embodiment, the emission wave is used as the standard signal intensity to reconstruct the defect signal segment, and the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment is obtained, so that the initial reconstructed signal serves as the carrier basis of the key information obtained from the quality detection, and the non-critical information is eliminated. In this embodiment, the signal with a large signal intensity represents the key information.

[0077] Preferably, the specific operation steps for reconstructing the defect signal segment by using the emission wave as the standard signal intensity to obtain the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment are as follows:

[0078] According to the extreme point detection algorithm, obtain the signal amplitudes and the times of all extreme points in the th defect signal segment.

[0079] Take the ratio of the signal amplitudes of all extreme points in the th defect signal segment to the signal amplitude of the emission wave, and record it as the initial signal amplitude of each extreme point in the initial reconstructed signal of the th defect signal segment.

[0080] Construct a reconstruction space, where the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the initial signal amplitude. Map the initial signal amplitudes and times of all extreme points in the initial reconstructed signal of the th defect signal segment into the reconstruction space, and connect them in chronological order to obtain the initial reconstructed curve of the th defect signal segment. Record the sequence formed by the signal amplitudes corresponding to each time of the initial reconstructed curve as the initial reconstructed signal.

[0081] The initial reconstructed signal is as Figure 2 shown. Each inflection point of the curve is an extreme point. Among them, the maximum extreme point represents the ultrasonic signal with a strong signal intensity, and the minimum extreme point represents the ultrasonic signal with a weak signal intensity. By constructing the initial reconstructed signal, the non-critical information between the extreme points is eliminated, and only the extreme points as the key information are retained, reducing the influence of non-critical information on the matching of homologous ultrasonic signals.

[0082] Step S003: Based on the steep peak feature presented by the key information of quality inspection in the defect signal segment, analyze and obtain the reconstruction retention weights of each peak in the defect signal segment; use the reconstruction retention weights to adjust each peak in the initial reconstructed signal to obtain a fused reconstructed signal; based on the signal intensity similarity feature of homologous signals, divide all the fused reconstructed signals to obtain the first reflection signal and its attenuated reflection signal.

[0083] It should be noted that the ultrasonic detection of defect obstacles is based on the principle that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in concrete is related to density and elastic modulus. When ultrasonic waves propagate from one medium to another medium with different densities, reflection and refraction will occur at the interface. The intensity of the reflected wave depends on the acoustic impedance difference between the two media and the elastic modulus of the media. The greater the difference in acoustic impedance and elastic modulus, the higher the reflectivity.

[0084] Furthermore, it should be noted that sound reflection is related to the shape of the object. The reflection of ultrasonic waves on non-smooth media will cause diffuse reflection and scattering due to its rough surface, resulting in the absorption of ultrasonic waves and only a part of them being reflected back. Therefore, the larger the signal amplitude of the ultrasonic signal, the greater the difference in density and acoustic impedance of the medium that generates the reflection, and the more critical the information it represents. The steeper the ultrasonic signal amplitude, the more sudden the transition of the reflection surface, the longer the duration and range of the peak, and the more the signal can reflect the characteristics of the defect. Therefore, in this embodiment, based on the steep peak feature presented by the key information of quality inspection in the defect signal segment, analyze and obtain the reconstruction retention weights of each peak in the defect signal segment.

[0085] Preferably, the specific operation steps for analyzing and obtaining the reconstruction retention weights of each peak in the defect signal segment based on the steep peak feature presented by the key information of quality inspection are as follows:

[0086] For the th defect signal segment, divide the th defect signal segment according to the minimum points, and record the defect signal segment between every two adjacent minimum points as the ultrasonic signal interval of a peak of the th defect signal segment, so as to obtain the ultrasonic signal intervals of all peaks of each defect signal segment;

[0087] It should be noted that the starting time of the defect signal segment and the first minimum point form the ultrasonic signal interval of the first peak, and the signal between the last minimum point and the end time forms the ultrasonic signal interval of the last peak.

[0088] The sequence formed by the ultrasonic signals from the starting time to the signal before the maximum value in the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment is recorded as the The first reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in a defect signal segment; the sequence formed by the ultrasonic signals from the maximum value to the end time in the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment is denoted as the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment;

[0089] The mean value of the residual differences between the first reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment and the ultrasonic signal sequence in the corresponding time interval on the initial reconstruction interval of the th defect signal segment is denoted as the first information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment; the mean value of the residual differences between the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment and the ultrasonic signal sequence in the corresponding time interval on the initial reconstruction interval of the th defect signal segment is denoted as the second information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment.

[0090] It should be noted that since the extreme points of the defect signal segment and the initial reconstruction signal correspond, the moments of the ultrasonic signal interval of the peak and the initial reconstruction interval correspond, that is, the reflection intensity signal sequence corresponds to the signal on the initial reconstruction interval.

[0091] Furthermore, analyzing the peak steepness characteristics presented by the first reflection intensity signal sequence and the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of the peak, which reflect the key information of quality inspection, the specific steps to obtain the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment are as follows:

[0092] Denote the first information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment as ;

[0093] Denote the second information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment as ;

[0094] The calculation method of the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment is:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, is the sequence length of the first reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment, is the sequence length of the second reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment; is the sequence area of the first reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment, is the sequence area of the second reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment; is the first information richness in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment, is the second information richness in the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment; is the first preset hyperparameter, used to avoid the denominator being 0. In this embodiment, is used for description.

[0097] The method for obtaining the sequence area is as follows: Integrate the signal amplitude obtained at the minimum value of each ultrasonic signal in the reflection intensity signal sequence over time, which is recorded as the sequence area of the reflection intensity signal sequence.

[0098] It should be noted that the sequence length reflects the steepness of the reflection intensity signal sequence. When the extreme values are the same, the shorter the sequence length, the greater the steepness, indicating that the reflection intensity signal sequence can better reflect that the ultrasonic wave has passed through the defect obstacle area inside the concrete and is reflected, and the reflected signal intensity is large. Therefore, the key information content of this peak is greater, and the value of its key information content is also greater; is the integral of the information richness and the sequence area of the reflection intensity signal sequence. The larger the value, the richer the information and the higher the peak of this peak, that is, the larger the signal amplitude of the ultrasonic signal and the stronger the reflection; then that is, it represents the information content per unit time of the th peak. The larger this value, the more it needs to be retained during reconstruction, that is, the reconstruction retention weight should be larger.

[0099] Further, obtain the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in each defect signal segment, normalize the key information content using the softmax function, and denote the normalization result of the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in each defect signal segment as the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment; the softmax function is a well-known existing technology and will not be elaborated in this embodiment.

[0100] It should be noted that the value of the reconstruction retention weight indicates the content of information existing in its corresponding peak, and the purpose of reconstructing the defect signal wave is to eliminate the waveforms that do not contain important information, and only perform homologous analysis on the signals containing key information generated by the reflection of the defect obstacle, thereby improving the accuracy of homologous analysis. Therefore, in this embodiment, the reconstruction retention weight is used to adjust each peak in the initial reconstruction signal to obtain the fused reconstruction signal.

[0101] Preferably, according to the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment, the specific steps of adjusting the peak corresponding to the initial reconstruction signal of each peak in the defect signal segment to obtain the fused reconstruction signal of the defect signal segment are as follows:

[0102] Denote the product of the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment and the signal amplitude of the corresponding peak in the initial reconstruction signal of the defect signal segment as the adjusted amplitude of each peak in the initial reconstruction signal of the defect signal segment;

[0103] Map the adjusted amplitudes of all peaks in the initial reconstruction signal of the defect signal segment into the reconstruction space, replace the initialized signal amplitudes of the corresponding peaks, connect the signal amplitude of the minimum value point in the reconstruction space after replacement and the adjusted amplitude of the peak to obtain the fused reconstruction curve, and denote the sequence composed of the signal amplitudes corresponding to each time of the fused reconstruction curve as the fused reconstruction signal; similarly, obtain all fused reconstruction signals.

[0104] Further, the specific steps of dividing all fused reconstruction signals based on the signal intensity similarity feature of homologous signals to obtain the first reflection signal and its attenuated reflection signal are as follows:

[0105] For the th fused reconstruction signal and the th fused reconstruction signal, for the th fused reconstruction signal and the th fused reconstruction signal, take the maximum number of sequences of the two as the th fused reconstruction signal and the th fused reconstruction signal's standard serial number quantity for linear interpolation to obtain the comparison sequence of the th fused reconstruction signal and the comparison sequence of the th fused reconstruction signal; so that the The sequence lengths of the first fused reconstruction signal and the

[0106] second fused reconstruction signal are the same, and the comparison sequence contains the standard serial number quantity of signal amplitudes; The probability of signal intensity similarity between the

[0107]

[0108] first fused reconstruction signal and the second fused reconstruction signal is calculated as follows: where is the standard serial number quantity of the first fused reconstruction signal and the second fused reconstruction signal, is the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the

[0109] first fused reconstruction signal, is the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the second fused reconstruction signal;

[0110] is a second preset hyperparameter used to avoid a zero denominator. In this embodiment,

[0111] is used for description.

[0112] where

[0113] is the Euclidean norm of the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the first fused reconstruction signal and the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the second fused reconstruction signal, which is used to represent the difference in signal amplitudes at the same sequence position. The smaller the difference, the greater the probability of signal intensity similarity.

[0110] Furthermore, the probability of signal intensity similarity between every two fused reconstruction signals is obtained, and a homology analysis topological space is constructed based on the probability of signal intensity similarity between every two fused reconstruction signals. The homology analysis topological space is a topological structure, and each node in the homology analysis topological space is a fused reconstruction signal. The degree between nodes is the probability of signal intensity similarity between two fused reconstruction signals;

[0111] Furthermore, the Louvain algorithm is used to partition the homology analysis topological space into communities, and several homology communities are obtained. Each homology community contains several fused reconstruction signals;

[0112] where the Louvain algorithm is a well-known existing technology used to partition the topological space into communities based on the similarity between nodes, so that the association within each community is maximized.

[0113] Arrange all the fusion reconstruction signals in each homologous community according to the time sequence of the detected received waves to obtain the time sequence of the fusion reconstruction signals of each homologous community. Denote the first fusion reconstruction signal in the time sequence of the fusion reconstruction signals as a first reflection signal, and denote the ultrasonic signals in the corresponding time intervals in the detected received waves of all the other fusion reconstruction signals except the first fusion reconstruction signal in the time sequence of the fusion reconstruction signals as the attenuated reflection signals of the first reflection signal;

[0114] It should be noted that the signal intensity similarity probability reflects the signal amplitude difference between two fusion reconstruction signals at the same sequence position. If two fusion reconstruction signals are homologous, considering that the propagation speed in the ultrasonic medium is fixed and reflection can only affect the signal amplitude but not the signal length, when the signal amplitude difference between the two fusion reconstruction signals is the smallest, it indicates that the two fusion reconstruction signals are homologous.

[0115] Furthermore, it should be noted that since the reflection signals after the first reflection signal will be reflected multiple times, the subsequent reflection signals are all after the attenuation of the first reflection signal. Therefore, the subsequent reflection signals are highly similar in waveform to the first reflection signal. And the Louvain algorithm can divide the targets according to the similarity so that there is no connection between different communities. Therefore, each community only contains one type of reflection signal after division, and the subsequent collected signals are all interferences after the reflection of the earliest signal in time.

[0116] Step S004: Perform attenuation processing on the attenuated reflection signals of the first reflection signal to obtain the concrete quality detection wave.

[0117] It should be noted that after obtaining all the first reflection signals and their attenuated reflection signals, since the attenuated reflection signals are all interferences generated after the reflection of the first reflection signal, it is necessary to smooth the attenuated reflection signals so that the detected received wave only contains the waveform of the first reflection of the defect obstacle.

[0118] Take the signal intensity similarity probability between the first reflection signal and the fusion reconstruction signal corresponding to each of its attenuated reflection signals as the attenuation weight of each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal;

[0119] Take the product of the signal amplitude at each moment in each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal and the reciprocal of the attenuation weight of each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal as the attenuation amplitude at each moment in each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal;

[0120] Denote the ultrasonic signal composed of the attenuation amplitudes at all moments in each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal as each corrected reflection signal of the first reflection signal;

[0121] Based on the above method, all corrected reflection signals of all first reflection signals are obtained;

[0122] Using the attenuation amplitudes at all times in all corrected reflection signals to replace the signal amplitudes at the corresponding times in the detected received wave, and denoting the detected received wave after replacement as the concrete quality detection wave.

[0123] Further, obtain the time and signal amplitude of each first reflection signal in the concrete quality detection wave, and perform concrete quality detection based on the time and signal amplitude in combination with the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal in the concrete.

[0124] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the quality of concrete used in building construction, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Obtain the transmitted wave and the detected received wave, where the detected received wave includes a number of ultrasonic signals, and the attributes of the ultrasonic signals are time and signal amplitude; Use the signal amplitude of the transmitted wave as the standard signal intensity to reconstruct the detected received wave divided by signal intensity, and obtain the defect signal segment and its initial reconstructed signal; Based on the peak steepness characteristics presented by the key information of quality detection in the defect signal segment, analyze and obtain the reconstruction retention weights of each peak in the defect signal segment; use the reconstruction retention weights to adjust each peak in the initial reconstructed signal to obtain the fused reconstructed signal; based on the signal intensity similarity characteristics of homologous signals, divide all the fused reconstructed signals to obtain the first reflection signal and its attenuated reflection signal; Perform attenuation processing on the attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal to obtain the concrete quality detection wave; The specific obtaining steps of analyzing and obtaining the reconstruction retention weights of each peak in the defect signal segment based on the peak steepness characteristics presented by the key information of quality detection include: For the th defect signal segment, divide the th defect signal segment according to the minimum points, and record the defect signal segment between every two adjacent minimum points as the ultrasonic signal interval of a wave crest of the th defect signal segment; The ultrasonic signal sequence formed by the ultrasonic signals between the start time and the signal immediately before the maximum value in the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment is denoted as the first reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment; The ultrasonic signal sequence formed by the ultrasonic signals from the maximum value to the end time of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment is denoted as the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment; The first reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment is denoted as the mean value of the residual differences between the ultrasonic signal sequences in the corresponding time intervals on the initial reconstruction interval of the th defect signal segment, which is defined as the first information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment; The second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment is denoted as the mean value of the residual differences between the ultrasonic signal sequences in the corresponding time intervals on the initial reconstruction interval of the th defect signal segment, which is defined as the second information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in the th defect signal segment; Analyze the first reflection intensity signal sequence and the second reflection intensity signal sequence of the ultrasonic signal interval of the peak, as well as the first information richness and the second information richness, to obtain the reconstruction retention weights of each peak in the defect signal segment: Denote the first information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment as ; Denote the second information richness of the ultrasonic signal interval of the th peak in the th defect signal segment as ; The key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of the crest in the first defect signal segment is calculated as follows: Among them, is the sequence length of the first reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the -th peak in the -th defect signal segment; is the sequence length of the second reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the -th peak in the -th defect signal segment; is the sequence area of the first reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the -th peak in the -th defect signal segment; is the sequence area of the second reflection intensity signal sequence in the ultrasonic signal interval of the -th peak in the -th defect signal segment; is the first preset hyperparameter; Obtain the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in each defect signal segment, and record the normalized result of the key information content of the ultrasonic signal interval of each peak in each defect signal segment as the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment.

2. The concrete quality inspection method for building construction according to claim 1, wherein The specific obtaining steps of using the signal amplitude of the transmitted wave as the standard signal intensity to reconstruct the detected received wave divided by signal intensity and obtaining the defect signal segment and its initial reconstructed signal include: Record the ratio of all extreme points in the defect signal segment to the standard signal intensity as the initialization signal amplitude of each extreme point in the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment; Construct a reconstruction space, map the initialization signal amplitude and time of all extreme points in the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment into the reconstruction space, connect them in chronological order to obtain the initial reconstructed curve of the defect signal segment, and record the sequence composed of the signal amplitudes corresponding to each time of the initial reconstructed curve as the initial reconstructed signal.

3. The method for detecting the quality of concrete for building construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific obtaining steps of the defect signal segment include: Use the 3-sigma principle algorithm to detect the signal amplitude of the detected received wave to obtain all information ultrasonic signals; Merge all adjacent information ultrasonic signals in time to obtain a number of ultrasonic signal segments; Obtain the information content of all ultrasonic signal segments, normalize to obtain the normalized information content of each ultrasonic signal segment, preset an information content threshold, and record the ultrasonic signal segment with a normalized information content greater than the information content threshold as the defect signal segment.

4. The concrete quality inspection method for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific obtaining steps of using the reconstruction retention weights to adjust each peak in the initial reconstructed signal to obtain the fused reconstructed signal include: Record the product of the reconstruction retention weight of each peak in the defect signal segment and the signal amplitude of the corresponding peak in the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment as the adjustment amplitude of each peak in the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment. Map the adjusted amplitudes of all wave peaks in the initial reconstructed signal of the defect signal segment into the reconstruction space, replace the initialized signal amplitudes of the corresponding wave peaks, connect the signal amplitudes of the minimum points and the adjusted amplitudes of the wave peaks in the reconstructed space after replacement to obtain a fused reconstruction curve, and denote the sequence formed by the signal amplitudes corresponding to each time of the fused reconstruction curve as the fused reconstruction signal.

5. The concrete quality inspection method for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the first reflection signal and its attenuated reflection signals by partitioning all the fused reconstruction signals based on the signal intensity similarity feature of the homologous signals include: Obtain the signal intensity similarity probability of every two fused reconstruction signals, and construct a homologous analysis topological space based on the signal intensity similarity probability of every two fused reconstruction signals; perform community partitioning on the homologous analysis topological space to obtain several homologous communities; Arrange all the fused reconstruction signals in each homologous community according to the time sequence of the detected received wave to obtain the time sequence of the fused reconstruction signals in each homologous community. Denote the first fused reconstruction signal in the time sequence of the fused reconstruction signals as a first reflection signal, and denote the ultrasonic signals in the corresponding time intervals in the detected received wave of all the fused reconstruction signals except the first one in the time sequence of the fused reconstruction signals as the attenuated reflection signals of the first reflection signal.

6. The method for detecting the quality of concrete for building construction according to claim 5, wherein The specific steps for obtaining the signal intensity similarity probability include: For the th fusion reconstruction signal and the th fusion reconstruction signal, for the th fusion reconstruction signal and the th fusion reconstruction signal, using the maximum number of sequences of the two as the th fusion reconstruction signal and the th fusion reconstruction signal's standard serial number quantity for interpolation, to obtain the th fusion reconstruction signal's comparison sequence and the th fusion reconstruction signal's comparison sequence; The probability that the signal strength of the first and the second fused reconstruction signals are similar is calculated as follows: Among them, is the standard serial number quantity of the th fusion reconstruction signal and the th fusion reconstruction signal, is the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the th fusion reconstruction signal, is the th signal amplitude in the comparison sequence of the th fusion reconstruction signal; is the second preset hyperparameter.

7. The concrete quality inspection method for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the concrete quality detection wave include: Obtain all the corrected reflection signals of all the first reflection signals; Use the attenuation amplitudes at all times in all the corrected reflection signals to replace the signal amplitudes at the corresponding times in the detected received wave, and denote the detected received wave after replacement as the concrete quality detection wave.

8. The method for detecting the quality of concrete for building construction according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the corrected reflection signal include: Take the signal intensity similarity probability between the first reflection signal and the fused reconstruction signal corresponding to each of its attenuated reflection signals as the attenuation weight of each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal; Take the product of the signal amplitude at each moment in each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal and the reciprocal of the attenuation weight of each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal as the attenuation amplitude at each moment in each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal; Denote the ultrasonic signal formed by the attenuation amplitudes at all times in each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal as the corrected reflection signal of each attenuated reflection signal of the first reflection signal.

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