Surface mine surface monitoring method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to a surface mine surface monitoring method and device, and relates to the technical field of natural resource management, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the data conversion and merging according to obtained multi-source monitoring data, obtaining pattern spot data and an interpretation remote sensing image, taking the pattern spot data as a reference, and carrying out the interpretation remote sensing image; performing statistical analysis of image interpretation according to the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain open-air surface coverage current situation data, and performing multi-dimensional statistical analysis and damage repair monitoring on the basis of the open-air surface coverage current situation data in combination with surface coverage classification data extracted from the multi-source monitoring data and abandoned mine data to obtain a corresponding statistical analysis result; and finally, performing multi-classification statistical analysis according to the statistical analysis result by adopting a chart combination mode to obtain a statistical analysis result representing the mine monitoring condition, thereby quickly and accurately obtaining the mining range, the damage condition and the restoration progress of the mine, and realizing accurate, comprehensive and accurate analysis of the mining and ecological restoration conditions. And efficient and dynamic monitoring is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of natural resource management, and in particular to a method and device for surface monitoring of an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] At present, open-pit mining activities have a significant impact on the surface environment, mainly manifested in the destruction of surface vegetation, changes in topography and landforms, and degradation of the ecosystem. With the expansion of mining scale, a large amount of land has been occupied and has not been restored for a long time, resulting in increasingly prominent ecological and environmental problems around mining areas. Traditional mining area monitoring methods mostly rely on manual field surveys or low-resolution remote sensing image interpretation, which have the problems of long monitoring cycles, high costs, and low accuracy, and are difficult to meet the current needs of coordinated development of environmental protection and mining development.

[0003] To solve the problems existing in traditional mining area monitoring methods, existing technologies have introduced remote sensing technology and geographic information systems (GIS). Specifically, surface monitoring of open-pit mines mainly relies on technical means such as remote sensing image interpretation, geographic information system analysis, and traditional mine environmental surveys. However, existing technologies still find it difficult to achieve real-time and comprehensive monitoring of changes in mine surface cover.

[0004] Specifically, although the existing technology can obtain the surface coverage information of the mining area through high-resolution remote sensing images, it is limited by the long data acquisition cycle, poor timeliness and the reliance on experience for the accuracy of manual interpretation. The application of GIS technology can only achieve static processing, but not dynamic processing, and cannot accurately reflect the evolution of different land types in the mine damage range that is of great concern in mine ecological restoration. It can be seen that the existing technology is difficult to achieve real-time and comprehensive monitoring of changes in mine surface coverage, and lacks efficient, dynamic and standardized monitoring methods. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a method and device for monitoring the surface of an open-pit mine. By integrating the latest remote sensing images, survey-related data and other multi-source data, real-time updated spatial data support is provided for mine management and ecological restoration. By utilizing dynamic monitoring technology of high-precision surface cover data and spatiotemporal analysis, the characteristics of mine surface cover changes can be fully grasped, and accurate, comprehensive, efficient and dynamic monitoring of mining and ecological restoration can be achieved, thus solving the problem that existing technologies cannot achieve real-time and comprehensive monitoring of mine surface cover changes.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a surface monitoring method for an open-pit mine, comprising:

[0007] Performing data conversion and merging based on the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, wherein the multi-source monitoring data at least includes survey-related data, mine-related data, and remote sensing image data;

[0008] Taking the image patch data as a benchmark, statistical analysis of image interpretation is performed based on the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area;

[0009] Extracting surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to dynamically monitor land damage and restoration conditions, and obtaining a first statistical analysis result; and extracting surface coverage classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, combining the acquired abandoned mine data for overlay analysis and monitoring, and obtaining a second statistical analysis result;

[0010] Using a combination of charts and graphs, a multi-classification statistical analysis is performed according to the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result to obtain a target statistical analysis result;

[0011] The target statistical analysis results are used to characterize the monitoring conditions of the surface of the open-pit mine.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides an open-pit mine surface monitoring device, comprising:

[0013] A data preprocessing module is used to convert and merge data based on the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, wherein the multi-source monitoring data at least includes survey-related data, mine-related data and remote sensing image data;

[0014] A first statistical analysis module is used to use the image patch data as a benchmark, perform statistical analysis on image interpretation according to the interpreted remote sensing image, and obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area;

[0015] A monitoring module, used to extract surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to dynamically monitor land damage and restoration conditions, and obtain a first statistical analysis result;

[0016] An analysis and monitoring module, used to extract the surface cover classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, and combine it with the acquired abandoned mine data to perform overlay analysis and monitoring to obtain a second statistical analysis result;

[0017] A second statistical analysis module, configured to perform a multi-classification statistical analysis based on the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result by combining charts and graphs to obtain a target statistical analysis result;

[0018] The target statistical analysis results are used to characterize the monitoring conditions of the surface of the open-pit mine.

[0019] In summary, the embodiment of the present application performs data conversion and merging based on the multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area obtained, and obtains patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system. Then, the patch data is used as a benchmark, and statistical analysis of image interpretation is performed based on the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area. Subsequently, surface coverage range data is extracted from the open-pit surface coverage status data to monitor land damage and restoration conditions to obtain a first statistical analysis result, and surface coverage classification data is extracted from the multi-source monitoring data, and superimposed analysis and monitoring is performed in combination with the acquired abandoned mine data to obtain a second statistical analysis result. Finally, a multi-classification statistical analysis is performed based on the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result by combining charts and graphs to obtain a target statistical analysis result for characterizing the surface monitoring conditions of the open-pit mine. This application integrates the latest remote sensing images and survey data to provide real-time updated spatial data support for mine management and ecological restoration, so that the mining scope, damage status and restoration progress can be quickly and accurately obtained, and accurate, comprehensive, efficient and dynamic monitoring of mining and ecological restoration can be achieved, solving the problem that existing technologies cannot achieve real-time and comprehensive monitoring of changes in mine surface cover. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process flow of an open-pit mine surface monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of a surface monitoring method for an open-pit mine provided by an optional embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall technical process of surface cover monitoring in an open-pit mine provided by an optional example of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a surface cover survey technology route for an open-pit mine provided as an optional example of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a technical route for monitoring mine land damage and restoration provided by an optional example of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a technical route for monitoring the ecological restoration of abandoned mines provided by an optional example of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 A structural block diagram of an open-pit mine surface monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] To facilitate the understanding of the embodiments of the present application, further explanation will be given below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process flow of an open-pit mine surface monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the surface monitoring method for an open-pit mine provided in the embodiment of the present application may specifically include the following steps:

[0032] Step 110 , converting and merging the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system.

[0033] The multi-source monitoring data at least includes survey-related data, mine-related data and remote sensing image data.

[0034] In this embodiment, the survey-related data includes, but is not limited to, the mine geological environment survey results data, land change survey data, and geographic national conditions monitoring data. Among them, the survey-related data mainly consists of the latest survey data and the survey data obtained in previous years. For example, taking 2024 as an example, the land change survey data can be composed of the land change survey data in 2024 and previous years; the mine-related data can mainly include the abandoned mine data that have been ecologically restored. Remote sensing image data mainly includes the latest remote sensing images, referred to as current images or monitoring images.

[0035] In the specific implementation, this embodiment obtains relevant data from different data sources as surface coverage map data of open-pit mines. The data sources mainly include but are not limited to: ① Mining land (land type code 0602) in the 2024 land change survey results data, referred to as "change data"; ② Open-pit mining sites and tailings dumps in the 2024 geographical national conditions monitoring data results data, referred to as "national conditions data" or "monitoring data"; ③ Guangxi Province mine geological environment survey results data; ④ Abandoned mine data that have been ecologically restored; ⑤ The latest remote sensing image. After obtaining multiple relevant data, this embodiment can integrate the data to obtain multi-source monitoring data, and then perform pre-processing such as data conversion and data merging (i.e. data integration) of each data in the multi-source monitoring data to obtain surface coverage map data of open-pit mines belonging to the same coordinate system (referred to as "map data") and interpreted remote sensing images for subsequent interpretation. Among them, the map data can be used as the initial map of open-pit mine coverage for subsequent analysis and statistical processing.

[0036] Therefore, this embodiment integrates the latest remote sensing images, land change survey data, geographic national conditions monitoring data and mine environment survey results, and can subsequently quickly and accurately obtain the mining scope, damage status and restoration progress of the mine, providing real-time updated spatial data support for mine management and ecological restoration work.

[0037] Step 120, using the image patch data as a reference, performing statistical analysis of image interpretation based on the interpreted remote sensing image, and obtaining the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area.

[0038] In this embodiment, the open-pit mine surface coverage status data mainly includes land use status data and surface coverage classification status data, which are used to clarify the surface coverage range of the open-pit mine and comprehensively investigate the surface coverage of the open-pit mine.

[0039] In the relevant technology, the surface coverage information of the mining area obtained by the existing technology cannot accurately reflect the evolution of different land types in the mine damage range. The surface coverage of open-pit mines will also show complex and changeable characteristics under different time and space conditions, and is also affected by mining activities, natural environmental factors and policy regulation.

[0040] In order to accurately and efficiently define the surface coverage monitoring range of open-pit mines, this embodiment uses the latest remote sensing images, combined with multi-source monitoring data that integrates a variety of related data, to define the precise range of open-pit mine surface coverage through extraction and analysis, while taking into account the dynamic changes of mining activities to ensure that the monitoring range can be updated and adjusted in a timely manner to comprehensively and accurately reflect the actual situation of open-pit mine surface coverage.

[0041] Specifically, this embodiment uses the spot data as a benchmark and combines the interpretation of remote sensing images to perform statistical analysis of image interpretation. The statistical analysis process mainly includes: identifying the nature of the mines in each mining area on the spot data, updating the spot data, and identifying the land types that have / have not been changed, and clarifying the scope of the open-pit mine. Using the updated spot statistical analysis, the current land use data and the current surface cover classification data are obtained, and finally the open-pit surface cover status data is formed.

[0042] Step 130, extracting surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to perform dynamic monitoring of land damage and restoration conditions to obtain a first statistical analysis result, and extracting surface coverage classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, combining the acquired abandoned mine data for overlay analysis and monitoring to obtain a second statistical analysis result.

[0043] Specifically, the first statistical analysis result refers to the statistical analysis result of land damage and restoration in open-pit mines, which is mainly expressed as the percentage of area, and is used to judge the damage and restoration of land, as well as to characterize the damage and restoration of land during the development of open-pit mines. Among them, the first statistical analysis result mainly includes the development of damaged land and land restoration and management in previous years; the second statistical analysis result refers to the statistical analysis result of ecological restoration effect, which is mainly used to characterize the degree of ecological restoration of each land type that has completed the change, among which the degree of ecological restoration is expressed as the percentage of restoration area.

[0044] In specific implementation, this embodiment can extract the surface coverage range from the open-pit surface coverage status data, and then combine the geographical national conditions monitoring data in the multi-source monitoring data to perform statistical analysis. For the surface cover classification maps of previous years in the open-pit mining area, statistical analysis is performed on the damage and restoration of the land in each map block to determine the evolution of various types of land in the mining area. The monitoring and analysis can mainly be reflected in the degree of damage and restoration of various types of land (such as cultivated land, forest and grass coverage, etc.), determine the degree of land damage and restoration, and obtain the first statistical analysis result.

[0045] In actual implementation, this embodiment obtains surface coverage data by collecting thematic data of abandoned mines that have undergone ecological restoration as abandoned mine data, and extracting surface coverage classification data of geographical national conditions monitoring in previous years from the open-air surface coverage status data. For the mine range represented by the surface coverage data, combined with the abandoned mine range corresponding to each map in the abandoned mine thematic data, overlay analysis is performed to determine the ecological restoration situation. For each type of land that has completed changes, such as planted land, forest and grass coverage, in the geographical national conditions monitoring surface cover classification, the proportion of restoration area is obtained as the second statistical analysis result.

[0046] Therefore, for the statistical analysis of the restoration of abandoned mines, this embodiment collects corresponding data and image patch data, monitors the effects of ecological restoration of abandoned mines, and conducts statistical analysis of the ecological restoration of abandoned mines.

[0047] In view of the statistical analysis of land damage and restoration caused by mining development, this embodiment uses surface cover maps to dynamically monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of different land types within the scope of mining damage, conducts statistical analysis of land damage and restoration caused by mining development, updates open-pit mine land use data and surface cover classification data of open-pit mines over the years, and provides data support for subsequent monitoring and analysis.

[0048] Step 140 , using a combination of charts and graphs, performs a multi-classification statistical analysis based on the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result to obtain a target statistical analysis result.

[0049] The target statistical analysis results are used to characterize the monitoring conditions of the surface of the open-pit mine.

[0050] Specifically, this embodiment combines two statistical analysis results by combining charts and graphs to perform multi-classification statistical analysis. The multi-classification statistical analysis mainly includes but is not limited to: statistics on surface coverage of open-pit mines, statistics on ecological restoration of abandoned mines over the years, and statistics on various land areas of mines over the years.

[0051] In the specific implementation, this embodiment uses a combination of charts to perform multi-classification statistical analysis, and can obtain a schematic diagram corresponding to each statistical analysis result as the final target statistical analysis result, wherein the target statistical analysis result may include but is not limited to: a schematic diagram of the surface coverage of open-pit mines, a schematic diagram of the ecological restoration of abandoned mines, and a schematic diagram of the area and damage restoration of various land types in mines over the years.

[0052] Therefore, this embodiment realizes the monitoring and statistical analysis of land damage and restoration in open-pit mines. On the basis of constructing the surface cover monitoring data of open-pit mines, the geographical national conditions monitoring data of previous years are superimposed, and the surface cover classification patches of previous years in the open-pit mine area are extracted. Each patch is combined with the surface cover classification status data to determine the land damage and restoration situation of each patch, and perform area statistics. In addition, this embodiment counts the areas of each type of land within the mine separately, examines the evolution of each type of land in the mining area, and provides data support for the ecological restoration of the mine. The corresponding statistical results are displayed in a combination of charts, which facilitates the writing of monitoring reports in the actual monitoring process and provides a reference for various decisions.

[0053] It can be seen that the embodiment of the present application performs data conversion and merging based on the acquired multi-source monitoring data to obtain the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, and then uses the patch data as a benchmark to perform statistical analysis of image interpretation based on the interpreted remote sensing images to obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area, and then extracts the surface coverage range data from the open-pit surface coverage status data to monitor land damage and restoration to obtain the first statistical analysis result, and extracts the surface coverage classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, combines the acquired abandoned mine data for superposition analysis and monitoring to obtain the second statistical analysis result, and finally adopts a combination of charts to perform multi-classification statistical analysis based on the two statistical analysis results to obtain the target statistical analysis result for characterizing the surface monitoring situation of the open-pit mine. This embodiment integrates multi-source data, combines monitoring images, accurately delineates the surface coverage of the open-pit mine, and provides real-time updated spatial data support for mine management and ecological restoration. In addition, this embodiment collects data on abandoned mines that have carried out ecological restoration, combines it with existing surface cover classification maps, monitors the effectiveness of ecological restoration of abandoned mines, and on this basis conducts statistical analysis of the ecological restoration of abandoned mines, so as to quickly and accurately obtain the mining scope, damage status and restoration progress of the mine, and realize accurate, comprehensive, efficient and dynamic monitoring of mining and ecological restoration, thereby solving the problem that existing technologies cannot realize real-time and comprehensive monitoring of changes in mine surface cover.

[0054] Reference Figure 2 , shows a schematic flow chart of the steps of a surface monitoring method for an open-pit mine provided by an optional embodiment of the present application. The method may specifically include the following steps:

[0055] Step 210 , converting and merging the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system.

[0056] The multi-source monitoring data at least includes survey-related data, mine-related data and remote sensing image data.

[0057] Optionally, this embodiment performs data conversion and merging based on the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, which may specifically include: acquiring relevant data of the target open-pit mine area from a preset data source set to form multi-source monitoring data; performing coordinate system conversion and data merging based on the survey-related data and mine-related data in the multi-source monitoring data to obtain patch data of the surface coverage of the open-pit mine, and performing coordinate system conversion based on the remote sensing image data in the multi-source monitoring data to obtain interpreted remote sensing images.

[0058] In the specific implementation, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 This embodiment integrates the acquired land change survey results data, geographic national conditions monitoring data, successful mining geological environment survey data, abandoned mine data that have been ecologically restored, and the latest remote sensing images through data integration, and uniformly converts and merges the coordinate system of the integrated data, such as uniformly converting it to the CGCS2000 geographic coordinate system, and projecting it to the Gauss-Krüger, 3-degree zone, projection coordinate system with a belt number of CGCS2000 as needed. Through coordinate system conversion and merging, this embodiment realizes the merging of coordinate system one and multiple data to obtain the patch data of the surface coverage of the open-pit mine, that is, the "initial patch of the surface coverage of the open-pit mine". Among them, the latest remote sensing image after the coordinate system conversion can be used as an interpreted remote sensing image for interpretation in subsequent statistical analysis.

[0059] Further, see Figure 3 As shown in the technical roadmap, this embodiment realizes the construction of a comprehensive and systematic open-pit mine surface cover monitoring data extraction and processing process. This embodiment first clarifies the structure and characteristics of various types of data, and scientifically and rationally integrates and divides them according to their internal connections and monitoring needs, including the fusion and processing of a large amount of multi-source data involved in open-pit mine surface cover monitoring. At the same time, it pays attention to data quality control and verification to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the extracted data, providing a solid foundation for subsequent monitoring and analysis.

[0060] Step 220, using the image patch data as a reference, and utilizing the interpreted remote sensing image to perform image patch analysis to obtain updated image patch data and mine property information.

[0061] In this embodiment, the mine property information mainly includes the nature and remarks of the mine, wherein the mine property includes the nature of the open-pit mine, the nature of the abandoned mine that has been ecologically restored, and the nature of the non-open-pit mine (such as underground mines, etc.). For example, the mine property of the open-pit mine can be divided into "confirmed mine" and "suspected mine"; the mine property of the abandoned mine that has been ecologically restored can be unified as "confirmed mine".

[0062] In the specific implementation, this embodiment takes the patch data as the benchmark, first interprets and identifies the patch data to determine whether there are open-pit mine patches, and then uses the interpreted remote sensing images to further perform image analysis, and based on the mining traces on the images, the nature of the mine and the corresponding remarks are clarified.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, the patch data is used as a benchmark, and the interpreted remote sensing image is used to perform image patch analysis to obtain updated patch data and mine property information, which may specifically include: classifying mine data based on the patch data to determine first patch data and second patch data corresponding to abandoned mines for ecological restoration; performing patch analysis and image texture feature analysis based on the first patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to determine underground mine patches and surface mine patches; updating data for the underground mine patches to obtain mine property information and updated patch data for the underground mines, and using land change survey data or surface cover classification data in the surface mine patches for analysis to obtain mine patch analysis results, which are used to determine whether there are open-pit mine patches; based on the mine patch analysis results, updating the corresponding mine property information based on the interpreted remote sensing image, and updating the patch data to obtain updated patch data.

[0064] In the specific implementation, the identification of open-pit mine spots involves the combined analysis of spot data and remote sensing images, identifying the corresponding mine properties, and updating the spots. The obtained mine properties and spot data are used as one of the surface coverage monitoring data of the open-pit mine. In addition, in order to realize the storage of monitoring data, a corresponding database can also be built for data storage.

[0065] Reference Figure 4 In the technical roadmap for surface cover survey of open-pit mines shown in the figure, in actual implementation, the mine data can be classified using the spot data first, and the presence of open-pit mine spots or underground mine spots can be identified. The open-pit mine spots and / or underground mine spots can be set as the first spot data, and the non-open-pit mine spots (such as the spots of abandoned mines that have been ecologically restored) can be set as the second spot data. Then, the spot data and interpreted remote sensing images can be used for image analysis, and the corresponding survey data and surface cover classification data can be used for analysis. The corresponding spot data can be updated to the layer, and the corresponding mine nature can be determined, so as to realize the identification of open-pit mine spots and improve the accuracy of subsequent mine range determination.

[0066] Exemplarily, for the identification of open-pit mine spots, when open-pit mine spots exist in the change data or national conditions data, but are identified by remote sensing images as having no traces of mining on the image, the corresponding spot data will be recorded in the preset SDTB or GQTB layer respectively; when open-pit mine spots exist in the change data or national conditions data, and are identified by remote sensing images as having traces of mining, but there is no clear mine information, fill in "suspected mine" in the mine nature. When there are spots with clear mine information such as mine name, unified number or license number, regardless of whether there are traces of mining in the image, fill in "confirmed mine" in the mine nature. When the mine nature is "confirmed mine" and there are no traces of mining on the image, there is no need to update the mine range, and "no traces of ground mining" can be filled in the remarks. The original spot range can be directly used for surface cover classification and statistics later.

[0067] Regarding the identification of abandoned mines, in this example, for abandoned mines that have undergone ecological restoration, their mine nature can be unified as "confirmed mines", and the remarks can be uniformly filled in as "abandoned mines undergoing ecological restoration"; when there is a conflict between the nature of the mine and / or the remarks and other data, the attributes of the abandoned mine data that have undergone ecological restoration shall prevail.

[0068] For the identification of underground mines, this example analyzes and judges based on the mine name and image texture features. If it can be clearly judged as an underground mine, the mining-related scope of the underground mine on the surface is collected as the surface coverage scope of the open-pit mine. If there are no mining-related traces on the ground, the initial map is retained. If the mine is an underground mine, the map is recorded in the DXKS layer.

[0069] Therefore, this embodiment identifies the nature of the mine based on the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images, updates the corresponding patch data, and effectively improves the subsequent delineation and identification accuracy of the surface coverage area of ​​the open-pit mine.

[0070] Step 230: collect the scope of the open-pit mine according to the updated patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the scope information of the open-pit mine.

[0071] In this embodiment, the open-pit mine range information is the open-pit mine range, which refers to surface mining and its impact range, mainly involving surface mining areas, office areas, industrial squares, waste rock dumps, mining areas, mining area roads, tailings ponds and other ancillary facilities. The open-pit mine range collected in this embodiment refers to the land damage area caused by mining.

[0072] In the related art, the existing technology still has the phenomenon that the range of the "mining land" spots in the acquired data is inconsistent. In order to solve this technical problem, this embodiment uses updated spot data and interpreted remote sensing images to identify relevant land types, mining conditions in mining areas, and the number of mines in the same location. Then, according to the identified land types, mining conditions, and number of mines, the collection range of the open-pit mine is accurately delineated to obtain the range information of the open-pit mine. Among them, the identified land types include land types that have completed changes and land types that have not completed changes, which refer to land types that have been affected and changed due to mining. The mining of mining areas is mainly divided into continuous mining areas and discontinuous mining areas.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the open-pit mine range is collected based on the updated patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the open-pit mine range information, which may specifically include: performing land classification and removal processing based on the updated patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain target patch data belonging to the open-pit mine range; if the target patch data shows that the mine is a whole mining area, then other land features contained in the target patch data are integrated into the mine range to obtain collection range information; if the target patch data shows that the mine is a discontinuous mining area, then the discontinuous mining area is split , and merge them into the same element to obtain the collection range information; if the target spot data is the spot data corresponding to the abandoned mine for ecological restoration, the data range of the target spot data is identified, and the spot range is expanded to obtain the collection range information; according to the collection range information, plane accuracy recognition is performed to determine the corresponding degree information of the boundary position of the ground object; when performing data collection, coordinate and position comparison is performed according to the corresponding degree information, and data collection is performed according to the comparison result to determine the open-pit mine range information; wherein, the open-pit mine range information is used to characterize the land damaged area caused by mining.

[0074] Exemplarily, for the collection of the scope of an open-pit mine, this embodiment, for the identified land types that have been changed and the land types that have not been changed, will identify the land types that have been changed as not belonging to the scope of the open-pit mine, remove the scope, retain the land types that have not been changed, and include them in the scope of the open-pit mine. Among them, roads, railways, and residential areas belong to land types that have been changed. These land types that have been changed do not belong to the scope of the open-pit mine and can be eliminated; temporary board houses, sheds, internal roads, waterlogged areas, scattered vegetation and other land types that have not been changed within the mining area can be included in the scope of the open-pit mine; housing construction sites, road construction sites, and simple stacking sites near the open-pit mines can be excluded from the scope of the open-pit mine. In this way, this embodiment obtains the target patch data that excludes factors such as land types, which is used to further identify and determine whether to include it in the scope of the mine.

[0075] Specifically, the mining area is identified through the mining traces in the remote sensing image. The mining area can be collected according to the outer boundary of the monitoring image with mining traces; if the mine is a whole mining area, other objects interspersed inside are integrated into the mining range (where the comprehensive standard refers to the minimum collection area of ​​each object involved in Table 1 below); if the mine is a discontinuous mining area, it is collected separately in several parts and then merged into one element; if there are multiple mines at the same location, and the image has no obvious texture to distinguish the boundary, it is collected comprehensively into an open-pit mine patch, and multiple mine attributes are filled in the corresponding attribute fields in turn. Among them, when all fields need to fill in multiple attributes, they are separated by " / ".

[0076] The collection scope of abandoned mines is determined based on the open-pit mine maps of abandoned mines that have undergone ecological restoration, and the scope of the maps will only be expanded and not reduced.

[0077] In addition, when the extracted open-pit mine initial map area is outside the scope or associated area, no new open-pit mine map area will be added through image interpretation.

[0078] Subsequently, this embodiment can perform data acquisition planar accuracy for the acquisition range, that is, the degree of correspondence between the boundaries and positions of the acquired features and the boundaries and positions of the features on the image. Specifically, the overall planar accuracy level of the data results depends on two factors: orthophoto accuracy and data acquisition accuracy. On the basis of qualified orthophotos, the acquisition accuracy of the surface coverage classification boundaries and boundaries of geographical national conditions elements and positioning points with clear boundaries on the image is controlled within 5 pixels. In special cases, such as occlusion and shadows from high-rise buildings, the acquisition accuracy is controlled within 10 pixels. Due to the presence of a test angle during photography, the projection of features with a certain height on the image is processed to meet the acquisition accuracy requirements.

[0079] Exemplarily, data collection mainly involves determining whether two coordinate points are the same, such as the Y tolerance parameter is 0.2 meters or 0.0000017975 degrees, ensuring that the edges of newly collected linear elements or surface elements are adjacent coordinate points on the same line, and the distance between adjacent coordinate points is greater than or equal to 0.2 meters, where the minimum distance between each coordinate point and the line segment or edge that constitutes the element should also be no less than 0.2 meters or no less than 0.0000017975 degrees, to avoid the adhesion of inner and outer rings (the inner and outer rings of a polygon with holes have common points or lines) and self-intersection (multiple local vertices of the same polygon intersect). For adjacent polygons with common edges, the coordinate values ​​recorded in the two polygons of the coordinate points that constitute the common edges must be the same, ensuring that there are no topological errors such as overlaps and gaps greater than 0.01 meters or greater than 0.00000008983153 degrees between adjacent polygons. The collection process shall not use internal parameters, and coordinate strings shall be used uniformly. In the result data, multi-component features composed of multiple polygons are allowed.

[0080] Therefore, the surface coverage of open-pit mines presents complex and changeable characteristics under different time and space conditions, and is affected by multiple factors such as mining activities, natural environmental factors, and policy regulation, as well as the evolution of different land types in the scope of mine damage that is of great concern in mine ecological restoration. This embodiment deeply analyzes factors such as the geographical location, mining method, and ecological environment status of open-pit mines to achieve scientific and reasonable demarcation of the monitoring scope. This embodiment systematically processes a variety of data obtained, taking Guangxi Province in 2024 as an example, including but not limited to mining land in the land change survey results, open-pit mining sites, and tailings piles in the basic geographical national conditions monitoring results, unifies the coordinates of various data and standardizes the identification of map spots. Then, by comparing the results of the geological environment survey of mines in Guangxi Province and high-resolution remote sensing images, the accurate scope of the surface coverage of open-pit mines is extracted and demarcated by identifying and removing irrelevant land types, ensuring the accuracy of the surface coverage of open-pit mines, and solving the problem that the map range of the existing technology is inconsistent with the map range of "mining land", as well as a series of problems caused by the lack of land use status information.

[0081] In addition, this embodiment also takes into account the dynamic changes in mining activities to ensure that the monitoring range can be updated and adjusted in a timely manner to fully and accurately reflect the actual surface coverage of the open-pit mine.

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Table 1 Basic geographical national conditions monitoring content and indicators

[0089] Step 240: extracting basic mine attribute information from the image patch data, and performing attribute assignment processing based on the basic mine attribute information and the mine property information to obtain mine attribute information.

[0090] In this embodiment, the basic property information of a mine refers to the property structure of a mine, which includes but is not limited to: clear mine properties such as mine name, unified number, and license certificate. In this embodiment, the basic properties of a mine can be extracted from the map data, including geological environment survey results data and abandoned mine data that have been restored ecologically.

[0091] This embodiment uses the basic attributes of the mine and the mine property information to assign attributes, including converting the measurement units of the area of ​​the mine and directly assigning default values ​​to the missing items in the mine attributes.

[0092] For example, refer to the definition of attribute items for each data layer in Table 2 below (attribute table of open-pit mine coverage). Among them, for the measurement unit of the mining area, it can be converted into square meters; for the missing items of mine attributes, they can be assigned according to the requirements of Table 3 below and filled in with default values. For the part of the mine property as "suspected mine", such as the image and the map are both shown as mines, but there is no mine name, unified number, license number and other clear mine attributes, its default value can be assigned with reference to Table 3 below.

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Table 2 LTKS / DXKS (surface coverage of open-pit mines) attribute table

[0096] type Default value of attribute item Short integer -9999 Long integer -9999 Double Precision -9999999 Floating point -9999999 text "-" or special provisions

[0097] Table 3 LTKS / DXKS (surface coverage of open-pit mines) attribute table

[0098] Therefore, this embodiment overlays and integrates the mining geological survey results data of the target area and the abandoned mine data that have been ecologically restored, with the mining map patches of the latest land change survey, and the open-pit mining sites and tailings dumps of the latest geographic national conditions monitoring database, and updates them according to the images to obtain the surface coverage and attribute information of the open-pit mine.

[0099] Step 250, extracting the land use status data and land surface cover classification data belonging to the open-pit mine scope information based on the mine attribute information, and forming the open-pit mine land surface cover status data.

[0100] Specifically, the current land use data refers to the land use area corresponding to each current land use classification. The land use area is the area data obtained by respectively conducting area statistics based on the current land use map and the current land use classification. The surface cover classification data is also called the current surface cover classification data, which includes the surface cover classification map.

[0101] This implementation first uses the corresponding open-pit mine data spots to identify and classify according to the mine attribute information and the scope of the open-pit mine, determines the land use classification, and performs area statistics to obtain the current land use data. Then, it analyzes the open-pit mine spot data to obtain the surface cover classification spots as the surface cover classification data, and uses the current land use data and the surface cover classification data to form the current surface cover data of the open-pit mine. This embodiment integrates the existing spot range with the "mining land" spots in the land change survey results, supplements the land use status information, and combines the surface cover spots of the multi-year national geographic conditions monitoring results to dynamically monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of different land types within the scope of mining damage.

[0102] Among them, the three major types of land can be divided into agricultural land, construction land (including state-owned construction land, collective construction land) and other land. Agricultural land mainly includes paddy fields, irrigated land, dry land, orchards, tea gardens, rubber plantations, other gardens, tree woodlands, bamboo forests, mangroves, forest swamps, shrub woodlands, shrub swamps, other woodlands, natural pastures, swamp grasslands, artificial pastures, rural roads, reservoir surfaces, pond surfaces, ditches, facility agricultural land and field ridges; construction land mainly includes: commercial service facility land, logistics warehousing land, industrial land, mining land, salt pans, urban residential land, rural homesteads, Land for news and publishing by government agencies and organizations, land for science, education, culture, health and well-being, land for public facilities, parks and green spaces, special land, land for railways, land for rail transit, land for highways, land for urban and rural roads, land for transportation service stations, land for airports, land for ports and terminals, land for pipeline transportation, land for hydraulic construction and vacant land; other land includes: other grasslands, river surfaces, lake surfaces, coastal tidal flats, inland tidal flats, swamps, glaciers and permanent snow, saline-alkali land, sandy land, bare land and bare rock and gravel.

[0103] In an optional embodiment, the above-mentioned extracting the land use status data and surface cover classification data belonging to the open-pit mine scope information within the mine attribute information to form the open-pit mine surface cover status data, can specifically include: taking the mine attribute information and the open-pit mine scope information as a benchmark, respectively obtaining the open-pit mine data map, land change survey data and surface cover classification data; superimposing and analyzing the corresponding open-pit mine data map and land change survey data to obtain the land use status data, and superimposing and analyzing the corresponding open-pit mine data map and surface cover classification data to obtain the surface cover classification data; performing area statistical analysis on the land use status data according to the land use type, and updating the surface cover classification data as the background data in combination with the monitoring image according to the preset monitoring requirements to obtain the open-pit mine surface cover status data.

[0104] In the related technologies, the existing technologies do not refer to the high-resolution and current image results within the mine range, and lack a comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the mine and its ecological restoration. To solve this technical problem, this embodiment collects thematic data of abandoned mines that have been ecologically restored as the initial data of the surface of the open-pit mine, combines it with the monitoring image to update the mine range, and then adds the original abandoned mine range that has been ecologically restored as the surface coverage range map of the open-pit mine, which is used to determine the current surface coverage data of the open-pit mine.

[0105] Specifically, this embodiment first superimposes the open-pit mine data spots and the change survey data for each type of utilization, obtains the current land use spots in the mining area, records them in the DLTB layer, and performs area statistics according to the three major categories of land and their corresponding property rights, agricultural land, state-owned construction land, collective construction land and other land, so as to obtain the current land use data. Then, the open-pit mine data spots are superimposed with the geographic national conditions monitoring data to obtain the surface cover classification spots as the background data, and are updated with reference to the monitoring images according to the requirements of the previous annual national conditions monitoring. The updated results are recorded in the LCRA layer as the latest surface cover classification data. For example, if the latest geographic national conditions monitoring data is the 2024 geographic national conditions monitoring data, the previous year can be 2019, that is, the monitoring images are updated according to the requirements of the 2019 national conditions monitoring. After obtaining the current land use data and the current surface cover classification data in this embodiment, the two current status data can be used to form the current surface cover data of the open-pit mine.

[0106] Step 260, extracting surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to perform dynamic monitoring of land damage and restoration conditions to obtain a first statistical analysis result, and extracting surface coverage classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, combining the acquired abandoned mine data for overlay analysis and monitoring to obtain a second statistical analysis result.

[0107] Optionally, extracting the surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to dynamically monitor land damage and restoration to obtain the first statistical analysis result may include the following sub-steps:

[0108] Sub-step 2601, performing overlay analysis on the surface coverage data in the open-pit surface coverage status data and the acquired past surface coverage classification data to obtain the historical surface coverage classification data of the open-pit mine.

[0109] The historical land cover classification data includes historical land cover classification patches.

[0110] Sub-step 2602, performing land condition analysis based on the historical land cover classification map and combining it with the current data of open-air land cover to obtain information on land damage and restoration.

[0111] Sub-step 2603, performs statistical analysis on the areas of each type of land in the land coverage data, and monitors and analyzes the land damage and restoration information according to the base year to obtain land damage and restoration analysis results as the first statistical analysis results.

[0112] Among them, the first statistical analysis result includes information on the evolution of land area, and the first statistical analysis result is used to judge the land damage and restoration situation, so as to reflect the temporal and spatial changes of different land types and provide dynamic basis and effect evaluation support for ecological restoration.

[0113] Sub-steps 2601 to 2603 are described uniformly:

[0114] Reference Figure 5 As shown in the figure, taking Guangxi Province as an example, in the specific implementation, according to the surface coverage data of open-pit mines in Guangxi Province, the geographical national conditions monitoring data from 2017 to 2024 are superimposed, and the surface cover classification spots in the open-pit mine area over the years are extracted. Combined with the surface cover classification status (LCRA) data, the land damage and restoration of each spot are judged. At the same time, the area of ​​each type of land in the mine is counted separately, the evolution of each type of land in the mining area is investigated, and the land damage and restoration of mines in each year are monitored and analyzed. Then the land damage and restoration are judged: the land types that are changing, such as artificial excavation land and bare land, are used as the basis for land damage, specifically the land types of artificial excavation land, desert and bare land monitored by the geographical national conditions, and the land damage and restoration are counted; the land types that have completed changes, such as vegetation cover and land reclamation, are used as the basis for land restoration, specifically the land types of planted land, forest and grass coverage monitored by the geographical national conditions, and the land damage and restoration are statistically analyzed. Finally, combined with the land damage and restoration conditions, the degree of land damage and restoration over the years is determined, and the degree of land damage and restoration can be expressed as an area percentage to obtain the first statistical analysis result. This embodiment comprehensively understands the current status of open-pit mines in the region, provides data support for the implementation of mine ecological restoration work, and solves the problem that the existing technology does not reflect the evolution of different land types in the mine damage range.

[0115] Optionally, extracting the surface cover classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, combining it with the acquired abandoned mine data for overlay analysis and monitoring, and obtaining a second statistical analysis result may include the following sub-steps:

[0116] Sub-step 2604, extracting historical monitoring surface cover classification data from multi-source monitoring data as surface cover classification data, and extracting abandoned mine data that have been ecologically restored from a preset mine database.

[0117] Sub-step 2605, obtaining the updated mine range from the remote sensing image data, combining it with the abandoned mine range extracted from the abandoned mine data, and generating a coverage map of the surface of the open-pit mine.

[0118] Sub-step 2606, overlay and analyze the abandoned mine data and the coverage map with the surface cover classification data to obtain ecological restoration information, and perform statistics based on the areas of each type of land in the coverage map to obtain area change information.

[0119] Sub-step 2607, generating ecological restoration effect statistical results based on the ecological restoration information and the area change information as the second statistical analysis result.

[0120] Among them, the ecological restoration situation information is used to judge the ecological restoration situation. The ecological restoration situation information is based on vegetation coverage and land reclamation, and statistically analyzes the land types that have completed changes in geographical conditions monitoring. The second statistical analysis result is used to characterize the degree of ecological restoration, and the degree of ecological restoration is expressed as the proportion of restoration area.

[0121] Sub-steps 2604 to 2607 are described uniformly:

[0122] Reference Figure 6 As shown, in the specific implementation, this embodiment extracts the map spots with the note "abandoned mines for ecological restoration" in the mine database, and superimposes them with the data of the geographical conditions monitoring results in previous years to judge the ecological restoration situation. According to the statistics of the area of ​​each type of land within the scope of the abandoned mines for ecological restoration in each year, the changes in its area are investigated, and the ecological restoration of abandoned mines is monitored and analyzed. Then, the ecological restoration is judged mainly based on vegetation coverage and land reclamation. This judgment mainly involves the land types that have completed changes such as planted land and forest and grass coverage in the geographical conditions monitoring. Finally, the proportion of the restored area is used to represent the degree of ecological restoration, and the second statistical analysis result is obtained.

[0123] Therefore, this embodiment uses open-pit mine surface cover monitoring technology to accurately identify the scope of mine damage and the progress of ecological restoration, provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of abandoned mines, help achieve the goal of green mine construction, and improve the regional ecological environment.

[0124] Step 270, according to the preset first statistical rule, using a combination of charts and graphs, and performing mining information statistics based on the second statistical analysis result to obtain a first analysis chart.

[0125] Step 280, according to the preset second statistical rule, using a combination of charts and graphs, statistical analysis of abandoned mine information is performed based on the first statistical analysis result to obtain a second analysis chart.

[0126] Step 290, according to the division of historical mines and production mines, statistically analyze the area of ​​each type of mine over the years in combination with the first analysis chart and the second analysis chart, and perform statistical analysis to obtain the target statistical analysis results.

[0127] Among them, the first analysis chart contains at least one of the quantity information, area information, distribution information and classification information of open-pit mines, the second analysis map contains relevant information of abandoned mines, and the target statistical analysis results include at least two of the mine area, damage type and area, restoration type and area and corresponding schematic diagrams. The target statistical analysis results are used to characterize the monitoring conditions of the surface of the open-pit mine.

[0128] A unified description of steps 270 to 290 is given as follows:

[0129] Specifically, this embodiment can perform statistical analysis according to certain units. For example, the first statistical rule can be to count the surface coverage of open-pit mines by province or city; the second statistical rule can be to count the ecological restoration of abandoned mines over the years by province; and the third statistical rule can be to count the areas of various types of land in mines over the years by province or city.

[0130] In this embodiment, when counting the surface coverage of open-pit mines, a combination of charts and graphs is used to mainly count the number of mines, mine area, mineral distribution, area of ​​each type of land within the mine coverage, proportion and schematic diagram, and classify them according to historical mines and production mines, with emphasis on the type of land occupied by mines, to obtain a first analysis chart (i.e., including the surface coverage of open-pit mines); when counting the ecological restoration of abandoned mines over the years, a combination of charts and graphs is used to mainly count the number of mines, mine area, abandoned years, restoration area and restoration degree, and schematic diagram of ecological restoration of abandoned mines, to obtain a second analysis chart (i.e., including the ecological restoration of abandoned mines over the years); when counting the areas of various types of land in mines over the years, according to the classification of historical mines and production mines, the first analysis chart and the second analysis chart are combined to calculate the areas of land damaged and restored by mine development over the years, and statistical analysis is carried out on this basis. Statistics are combined with charts to count the mine area, damage type and area, restoration type and area, and schematic diagram, so as to obtain the final target statistical analysis results (i.e., including the areas of various types of land in mines over the years).

[0131] Furthermore, this embodiment can also produce a database of surface coverage of open-pit mines in Guangxi Province, a monitoring report on the damage and restoration of mine land, and the ecological restoration of abandoned mines, and a statistical atlas of surface coverage of open-pit mines.

[0132] Therefore, this embodiment proposes an efficient, dynamic and standardized surface monitoring method for open-pit mines. When conducting mine monitoring, the land change survey data is superimposed on the analysis of mine land use conditions to count the various land areas of the mining area, clarify the mine land use conditions, and assist in scientific planning and management; for the monitoring of land damage and restoration, the geographical national conditions monitoring data of previous years are superimposed to judge land damage and restoration, count the evolution of land area, reflect the temporal and spatial changes of different land types, and provide dynamic basis and effect evaluation support for ecological restoration.

[0133] In summary, the embodiment of the present application proposes a surface monitoring method for open-pit mines applied in the field of natural resource management technology. This embodiment utilizes mining land in the land change survey results and open-pit mining sites and tailings piles in the geographical conditions monitoring results, compares the mine geological environment survey results and high-resolution remote sensing images, and uses multidisciplinary technical means such as land management, surveying and mapping, and geographic information to comprehensively investigate the surface coverage of open-pit mines. Then, data on abandoned mines that have been ecologically restored are collected, combined with existing surface cover classification maps, to monitor the effect of ecological restoration of abandoned mines, and on this basis, statistical analysis of the ecological restoration of abandoned mines is carried out. This embodiment combines the surface cover maps of multi-year geographical conditions monitoring results to dynamically monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of different land types within the scope of mining damage, and on this basis, statistical analysis of land damage and restoration in mining development is carried out. This will enable the updating of open-pit mine land use data and surface cover classification data of open-pit mines over the years, provide data support for the monitoring and analysis of open-pit mines, and solve the problem that existing technologies are difficult to achieve real-time and comprehensive monitoring of mine surface cover changes due to lack of understanding of mine ecological restoration and lack of land use status information.

[0134] Furthermore, the surface monitoring method for open-pit mines provided in this embodiment also has the following benefits:

[0135] ① Improve the level of land space control. In practical applications, the scheme of this embodiment can be applied to the provincial-level special monitoring of natural resources in Guangxi Province-surface cover monitoring project of open-pit mines, and complete the production of surface cover database of open-pit mines, analysis of the current status of land use of open-pit mines, analysis of the ecological restoration effect of abandoned mines, surface cover analysis of mine development scope, and analysis of land damage and restoration in mine development. Document reports and map results. Conduct surface cover monitoring of open-pit mines for production mines and historical mines in Guangxi Province to provide data support for a comprehensive investigation of the current status of open-pit mines in Guangxi Province and the implementation of mine ecological restoration work, and provide efficient services for natural resource management; ② Policy implementation support: provide data support for relevant departments to implement mine ecological protection and restoration policies, improve the scientific nature and decision-making efficiency of comprehensive mine governance, and help social sustainable development; ③ Improve public environmental awareness: by regularly publishing the progress and results of mine ecological restoration, improve the public's awareness of the importance of mine ecological protection, and encourage the public to participate in mine restoration supervision.

[0136] In terms of economic benefits: ④ Resource conservation and efficient utilization: Monitoring technology can accurately delineate the damaged and repaired areas of mining areas, optimize the utilization of land resources, and reduce resource waste caused by misjudgment or blind development; ⑤ Reduce management costs: Use high-resolution remote sensing images to assist in open-pit mine coverage monitoring, greatly improve monitoring efficiency, and reduce the financial and time investment in monitoring projects; ⑥ Promote economic transformation in mining areas: By clarifying the restoration and utilization status of mining areas, promote the transformation of mining land to multi-functional land such as agriculture, forestry, and tourism, and create new growth points for the local economy.

[0137] It should be noted that, for the purpose of simple description, the method embodiments are expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of the present application, certain steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously.

[0138] like Figure 7 As shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides an open-pit mine surface monitoring device 700, including:

[0139] A data preprocessing module is used to convert and merge data based on the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, wherein the multi-source monitoring data at least includes survey-related data, mine-related data and remote sensing image data;

[0140] A first statistical analysis module is used to use the image patch data as a benchmark, perform statistical analysis on image interpretation according to the interpreted remote sensing image, and obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area;

[0141] A monitoring module, used to extract surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to dynamically monitor land damage and restoration conditions, and obtain a first statistical analysis result;

[0142] An analysis and monitoring module, used to extract the surface cover classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, and combine it with the acquired abandoned mine data to perform overlay analysis and monitoring to obtain a second statistical analysis result;

[0143] The second statistical analysis module is used to perform multi-classification statistical analysis based on the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result by combining charts and graphs to obtain target statistical analysis results; wherein the target statistical analysis results are used to characterize the monitoring conditions of the surface of the open-pit mine.

[0144] Optionally, the data preprocessing module includes:

[0145] The multi-source monitoring data acquisition submodule is used to obtain relevant data of the target open-pit mine area from a preset data source set to form multi-source monitoring data;

[0146] The data conversion and merging submodule is used to perform coordinate system conversion and data merging based on the survey-related data and mine-related data in the multi-source monitoring data to obtain patch data of the surface coverage of the open-pit mine, and to perform coordinate system conversion based on the remote sensing image data in the multi-source monitoring data to obtain interpreted remote sensing images.

[0147] Optionally, the first statistical analysis module includes:

[0148] A spot analysis submodule is used to use the spot data as a reference, perform image spot analysis using the interpreted remote sensing image, and obtain updated spot data and mine property information;

[0149] A range acquisition submodule is used to acquire the range of the open-pit mine according to the updated patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the range information of the open-pit mine;

[0150] An attribute value assignment processing submodule, used for extracting basic mine attribute information from the image patch data, and performing attribute value assignment processing based on the basic mine attribute information and the mine property information to obtain mine attribute information;

[0151] The surface cover status data determination submodule is used to extract the land use status data and surface cover classification data belonging to the open-pit mine scope information according to the mine attribute information, and form the surface cover status data of the open-pit mine.

[0152] Optionally, the pattern analysis submodule includes:

[0153] A data classification unit, configured to classify mine data based on the image spot data, and determine first image spot data and second image spot data corresponding to abandoned mines for ecological restoration;

[0154] A pattern and texture feature analysis unit, configured to perform pattern analysis and image texture feature analysis based on the first pattern data and the interpreted remote sensing image, to determine underground mine patterns and surface mine patterns;

[0155] A data updating unit is used to update the data of the underground mine patch, obtain the mine property information of the underground mine and update the patch data, and use the land change survey data or surface cover classification data in the surface mine patch to perform analysis to obtain the mine patch analysis result, and the mine patch analysis result is used to determine whether there is an open-pit mine patch;

[0156] The mine property updating unit is used for updating the corresponding mine property information based on the mine spot analysis result and the interpreted remote sensing image, and updating the spot data to obtain updated spot data.

[0157] Optionally, the range acquisition submodule includes:

[0158] A land classification identification and removal processing unit is used to perform land classification identification and removal processing according to the updated patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain target patch data belonging to the open-pit mine range;

[0159] The acquisition range information determination unit is used to, when the target spot data shows that the mine is a whole mining area, include other land features contained in the target spot data as the mine range to obtain acquisition range information; when the target spot data shows that the mine is a discontinuous mining area, split the discontinuous mining area and merge them into the same element to obtain acquisition range information; when the target spot data is the spot data corresponding to the abandoned mine for ecological restoration, identify the data range of the target spot data, expand the spot range, and obtain acquisition range information;

[0160] A plane accuracy recognition unit, used to perform plane accuracy recognition according to the acquisition range information, and determine the corresponding degree information of the boundary position of the ground object;

[0161] A coordinate and position comparison unit, used to compare the coordinates and positions according to the corresponding degree information when collecting data, and to collect data according to the comparison result to determine the scope information of the open-pit mine;

[0162] The open-pit mine range information is used to characterize the land damage area caused by mining. The surface coverage status data determination submodule includes:

[0163] A data acquisition unit, used to acquire open-pit mine data patches, land change survey data and surface cover classification data based on the mine attribute information and open-pit mine range information;

[0164] The overlay analysis unit is used to overlay and analyze the corresponding open-pit mine data spots and the land change survey data to obtain the land use status data, and to overlay and analyze the corresponding open-pit mine data spots and the surface cover classification data to obtain the surface cover classification data;

[0165] The area statistical analysis unit is used to perform area statistical analysis on the land use status data according to the land use type, and update the surface cover classification data as background data combined with the monitoring image according to the preset monitoring requirements to obtain the surface cover status data of the open-pit mine.

[0166] Optionally, the monitoring module includes:

[0167] A first overlay analysis submodule is used to perform overlay analysis on the surface coverage data in the open-pit surface coverage status data and the acquired past surface coverage classification data to obtain historical surface coverage classification data of the open-pit mine, wherein the historical surface coverage classification data includes historical surface coverage classification patches;

[0168] The land condition analysis submodule is used to analyze the land condition based on the historical land cover classification map and the open-air land cover status data to obtain information on land damage and restoration;

[0169] The land area statistical analysis submodule is used to perform statistical analysis on the areas of each land type within the surface coverage data, and to monitor and analyze the land damage and restoration information according to the base year to obtain land damage and restoration analysis results as the first statistical analysis results; wherein, the first statistical analysis results include land area evolution information, and the first statistical analysis results are used to judge land damage and restoration conditions to reflect the spatiotemporal changes of different land types, and provide a dynamic basis and effect evaluation support for ecological restoration.

[0170] Optionally, the analysis and monitoring module includes:

[0171] The data extraction submodule is used to extract historical monitoring surface cover classification data from multi-source monitoring data as surface cover classification data, and to extract abandoned mine data that have been ecologically restored from the preset mine library;

[0172] The coverage map generation submodule is used to obtain the updated mine range from the remote sensing image data, and generate the coverage map of the surface of the open-pit mine by combining the abandoned mine range extracted from the abandoned mine data;

[0173] The second overlay analysis submodule is used to overlay and analyze the abandoned mine data and the coverage area map with the surface cover classification data to obtain ecological restoration information, and to perform statistics on the area of ​​each area in the coverage area map to obtain area change information;

[0174] An ecological restoration effect statistical result generating submodule, used to generate an ecological restoration effect statistical result as a second statistical analysis result according to the ecological restoration situation information and the area change situation information;

[0175] Among them, the ecological restoration situation information is used to judge the ecological restoration situation. The ecological restoration situation information is based on vegetation coverage and land reclamation, and statistically analyzes the land types that have completed changes in geographical conditions monitoring. The second statistical analysis result is used to characterize the degree of ecological restoration, and the degree of ecological restoration is expressed as the proportion of restoration area.

[0176] Optionally, the second statistical analysis module includes:

[0177] A first chart analysis submodule is used to perform mine information statistics according to a preset first statistical rule and a chart combination method according to the second statistical analysis result to obtain a first analysis chart;

[0178] A second chart analysis submodule is used to perform a statistical analysis of abandoned mine information according to the first statistical analysis result in accordance with a preset second statistical rule and in a chart combination manner to obtain a second analysis chart;

[0179] The third chart analysis submodule is used to divide the mines into historical legacy mines and production mines, combine the first analysis chart and the second analysis chart to statistically analyze the area of ​​each type of mine over the years, and perform statistical analysis to obtain target statistical analysis results; wherein, the first analysis chart contains at least one of the quantity information, area information, distribution information and classification information of open-pit mines, the second analysis chart contains relevant information of abandoned mines, and the target statistical analysis results contain at least two of the mine area, damage type and area, restoration type and area and corresponding schematic diagrams.

[0180] It should be noted that the open-pit mine surface monitoring device provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the open-pit mine surface monitoring method provided in any embodiment of the present application, and has the corresponding functions and beneficial effects of the execution method.

[0181] In a specific implementation, the surface monitoring device for open-pit mines can be integrated into the equipment, so that the equipment can integrate multi-source data, use multi-disciplinary technical means such as land management, surveying and mapping, and geographic information, comprehensively investigate the surface coverage of open-pit mines, conduct statistical analysis of the ecological restoration of abandoned mines, and the damage and restoration of land in mining development, and as an electronic device, update the land use data of open-pit mines and the classification data of surface coverage of open-pit mines over the years and provide data support for subsequent monitoring and analysis. The electronic device can be composed of two or more physical entities, or it can be composed of one physical entity, such as a personal computer (PC), a computer, a server, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0182] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the open-pit mine surface monitoring method provided in any of the aforementioned method embodiments are implemented.

[0183] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0184] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A surface monitoring method for an open-pit mine, characterized in that: include: Performing data conversion and merging based on the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, wherein the multi-source monitoring data at least includes survey-related data, mine-related data, and remote sensing image data; Taking the image patch data as a benchmark, statistical analysis of image interpretation is performed based on the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area; Extracting surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to dynamically monitor land damage and restoration conditions, and obtaining a first statistical analysis result; and extracting surface coverage classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, combining the acquired abandoned mine data for overlay analysis and monitoring, and obtaining a second statistical analysis result; Using a combination of charts and graphs, a multi-classification statistical analysis is performed according to the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result to obtain a target statistical analysis result; The target statistical analysis results are used to characterize the monitoring conditions of the surface of the open-pit mine.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Data conversion and merging are performed based on the multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, including: Relevant data of the target open-pit mine area are obtained from the preset data source set to form multi-source monitoring data; Based on the survey-related data and mine-related data in the multi-source monitoring data, coordinate system conversion and data merging are performed to obtain patch data of surface coverage of the open-pit mine, and based on the remote sensing image data in the multi-source monitoring data, coordinate system conversion is performed to obtain interpreted remote sensing images.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Taking the image patch data as a benchmark, statistical analysis of image interpretation is performed based on the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area, including: Taking the image spot data as a benchmark, performing image spot analysis using the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain updated image spot data and mine property information; Performing open-pit mine range collection according to the updated patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain open-pit mine range information; Extracting basic mine attribute information from the image patch data, and performing attribute assignment processing based on the basic mine attribute information and the mine property information to obtain mine attribute information; With respect to the mine attribute information, the land use status data and the surface cover classification data belonging to the open-pit mine scope information are extracted to form the surface cover status data of the open-pit mine.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The image spot data is used as a benchmark, and the interpreted remote sensing image is used to perform image spot analysis to obtain updated image spot data and mine property information, including: Classify the mine data based on the image spot data to determine the first image spot data and the second image spot data corresponding to the abandoned mine for ecological restoration; Performing a spot analysis and an image texture feature analysis based on the first spot data and the interpreted remote sensing image to determine underground mine spots and surface mine spots; updating the underground mine patch data to obtain the mine property information and updated patch data of the underground mine, and analyzing the land change survey data or the surface cover classification data in the surface mine patch to obtain the mine patch analysis result, wherein the mine patch analysis result is used to determine whether there is an open-pit mine patch; With respect to the mine spot analysis result, the corresponding mine property information is updated based on the interpreted remote sensing image, and the spot data is updated to obtain updated spot data.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The open-pit mine range is collected according to the updated patch data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain the open-pit mine range information, including: Performing land classification identification and removal processing according to the updated spot data and the interpreted remote sensing image to obtain target spot data belonging to the open-pit mine range; If the target image data shows that the mine is a whole mining area, then other landforms contained in the target image data are integrated into the mine range to obtain the acquisition range information; If the target patch data shows that the mine is a discontinuous mining area, the discontinuous mining area is split and merged into the same element to obtain the collection range information; If the target spot data is the spot data corresponding to the abandoned mine for ecological restoration, the data range of the target spot data is identified, and the spot range is expanded to obtain the collection range information; Performing plane accuracy recognition based on the acquisition range information to determine the corresponding degree information of the boundary position of the ground object; When collecting data, coordinates and positions are compared according to the corresponding degree information, and data is collected according to the comparison result to determine the scope information of the open-pit mine; The open-pit mine range information is used to characterize the land damage area caused by mining.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Based on the mine attribute information, the land use status data and surface cover classification data belonging to the open-pit mine scope information are extracted to form the open-pit mine surface cover status data, including: Based on the mine attribute information and open-pit mine range information, open-pit mine data patches, land change survey data and surface cover classification data are obtained respectively; Overlay and analyze the corresponding open-pit mine data spots and land change survey data to obtain land use status data, and overlay and analyze the corresponding open-pit mine data spots and land cover classification data to obtain land cover classification data; The current land use data are statistically analyzed according to the land use type, and the surface cover classification data are used as background data and updated in combination with the monitoring images according to the preset monitoring requirements to obtain the current surface cover data of the open-pit mine.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Extracting surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to dynamically monitor land damage and restoration conditions, and obtaining a first statistical analysis result, including: Performing overlay analysis on the surface coverage data in the current surface coverage data of the open-pit mine and the acquired surface coverage classification data of the past to obtain historical surface coverage classification data of the open-pit mine, wherein the historical surface coverage classification data includes historical surface coverage classification spots; According to the historical land cover classification map, combined with the open-air land cover status data, land condition analysis is performed to obtain land damage and restoration information; Conduct statistical analysis based on the area of ​​each land type in the land surface coverage data, and monitor and analyze the land damage and restoration information according to the base year to obtain the land damage and restoration analysis results as the first statistical analysis results; Among them, the first statistical analysis result includes information on the evolution of land area, and the first statistical analysis result is used to judge the land damage and restoration situation, so as to reflect the temporal and spatial changes of different land types and provide dynamic basis and effect evaluation support for ecological restoration.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Extracting the surface cover classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, combining it with the acquired abandoned mine data for overlay analysis and monitoring, and obtaining a second statistical analysis result, including: Extract historical monitoring surface cover classification data from multi-source monitoring data as surface cover classification data, and extract abandoned mine data that have been ecologically restored from the preset mine database; The updated mine range is obtained from the remote sensing image data, combined with the abandoned mine range extracted from the abandoned mine data, to generate the surface coverage map of the open-pit mine; The abandoned mine data and the coverage area map are respectively superimposed and analyzed with the surface cover classification data to obtain ecological restoration information, and the area of ​​each type of land in the coverage area map is statistically analyzed to obtain area change information; Generate ecological restoration effect statistical results based on the ecological restoration information and the area change information as the second statistical analysis result; Among them, the ecological restoration situation information is used to judge the ecological restoration situation. The ecological restoration situation information is based on vegetation coverage and land reclamation, and statistically analyzes the land types that have completed changes in geographical conditions monitoring. The second statistical analysis result is used to characterize the degree of ecological restoration, and the degree of ecological restoration is expressed as the proportion of restoration area.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: By combining charts and graphs, a multi-classification statistical analysis is performed according to the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result to obtain a target statistical analysis result, including: According to the preset first statistical rule, the mining information is counted by combining charts and graphs according to the second statistical analysis result to obtain a first analysis chart; According to the preset second statistical rule, a statistical analysis of abandoned mine information is performed based on the first statistical analysis result by combining charts and graphs to obtain a second analysis chart; According to the division of historical mines and production mines, the first analysis chart and the second analysis chart are combined to statistically analyze the area of ​​each type of mine over the years, and statistical analysis is performed to obtain the target statistical analysis results; Among them, the first analysis chart contains at least one of the quantity information, area information, distribution information and classification information of open-pit mines, the second analysis map contains relevant information of abandoned mines, and the target statistical analysis results include mine area, damage type and area, restoration type and area and at least two of the corresponding schematic diagrams.

10. A surface monitoring device for an open-pit mine, characterized in that: include: A data preprocessing module is used to convert and merge data based on the acquired multi-source monitoring data of the target open-pit mine area to obtain the patch data and interpreted remote sensing images belonging to the same coordinate system, wherein the multi-source monitoring data at least includes survey-related data, mine-related data and remote sensing image data; A first statistical analysis module is used to use the image patch data as a benchmark, perform statistical analysis on image interpretation according to the interpreted remote sensing image, and obtain the open-pit surface coverage status data of the target open-pit mine area; A monitoring module, used to extract surface coverage data from the open-air surface coverage status data to dynamically monitor land damage and restoration conditions, and obtain a first statistical analysis result; An analysis and monitoring module, used to extract the surface cover classification data from the multi-source monitoring data, and combine it with the acquired abandoned mine data to perform overlay analysis and monitoring to obtain a second statistical analysis result; A second statistical analysis module, configured to perform a multi-classification statistical analysis based on the first statistical analysis result and the second statistical analysis result by combining charts and graphs to obtain a target statistical analysis result; The target statistical analysis results are used to characterize the monitoring conditions of the surface of the open-pit mine.

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