Forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology

Abstract

The invention provides a forest fire early warning terminal system based on a satellite Internet of Things technology. The forest fire early warning terminal system comprises a fire early warning terminal and an emergency management early warning platform, the fire early warning terminal comprises a detection module, a satellite communication module and a power supply module; wherein the detection module comprises a smoke sensing element and a temperature sensing element and is used for triggering an early warning signal of the detection module when the outside reaches a preset triggering condition of the detection module; the satellite communication module directly sends a triggered early warning signal of the detection module to a transit Internet of Things satellite, and the Internet of Things satellite downloads data to a satellite ground station and transmits the data to an emergency management early warning platform through a data center; and after the emergency management early warning platform receives an early warning signal from the fire early warning terminal, the management center sends the unmanned aerial vehicle to the fire early warning position to confirm the fire condition, and determines the fire grade according to the fire condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forest fire warning and monitoring, and in particular to a forest fire warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology. Background Art

[0002] Forest fires pose a serious threat to the ecological environment, biodiversity, and human life and property. Traditional forest fire monitoring methods have poor communication signal coverage in large areas and forest areas, and have certain limitations in terms of real-time performance. Forest fire early warning devices and systems based on satellite Internet of Things technology can use the high coverage of satellites and real-time signal transmission to achieve early warning of forest fires and effectively reduce fire hazards.

[0003] Chinese patent authorization announcement number CN117237644B provides a forest afterburn detection method and system based on infrared small target detection, including: obtaining forest infrared imaging data sets through airborne systems and satellite systems and preprocessing; secondly, starting from the semantic segmentation model of the encoding and decoding structure, DCNN is improved, and an AFPN module is proposed to fuse features of multiple scales, while retaining feature information of different depths; thirdly, the image features output by the encoder are input into the decoder, the low-dimensional and high-dimensional features are balanced, and the predicted binary image is restored; finally, the semantic segmentation results are evaluated based on the test data, the cross entropy is calculated, the model parameters are optimized, and the final recognition results are obtained.

[0004] However, the technical solution has problems such as the long distance between the airborne system and the satellite system, which makes it difficult to distinguish them from the background or similar targets, and high detection accuracy is required, which has a certain impact on the recognition results. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art that forest fires caused by spontaneous forest combustion and lightning strikes cannot be warned in time, or that the accuracy and real-time performance of forest fire advance warnings are reduced due to the complex technology of existing equipment, high investment and operating costs, low reliability, and high maintenance requirements. In particular, a forest fire warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology is innovatively proposed.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology, including a fire early warning terminal and an emergency management early warning platform; the fire early warning terminal includes a detection module, a satellite communication module and a power module; wherein the detection module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to trigger the early warning signal of the detection module when the outside world reaches the preset triggering condition of the detection module; the satellite communication module directly sends the triggered early warning signal of the detection module to the transiting Internet of Things satellite, and the Internet of Things satellite then transmits the data to the satellite ground station, and transmits the data to the emergency management early warning platform through the data center;

[0007] When the emergency management warning platform receives the warning signal from the fire warning terminal, the management center sends a drone to the warning fire location to confirm the fire situation and determine the fire level based on the fire situation.

[0008] Preferably, the detection module, satellite communication module and power module are assembled in a device housing; the device housing adopts a high-strength waterproof and dustproof design and meets the protection level of IP66 and above. It is not limited to the protection level of IP66, but can also be IP67 or IP68.

[0009] Preferably, the detection module further includes a positioning module, and the positioning module is a Beidou and / or GPS satellite navigation system;

[0010] Preferably, the detection module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to determine whether the external environment reaches the preset trigger condition of the detection module and trigger it in a preset trigger mode; including: when the ambient temperature reaches the preset fire warning temperature, the contacts of the temperature sensor close and connect the fire warning terminal circuit; when the ambient temperature cools to the set temperature, the contacts of the temperature sensor automatically disconnect and cut off the fire warning terminal circuit, thereby reducing power consumption.

[0011] Preferably, the circuit of the detection module includes: the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the positive electrode of the smoke sensing element YG, the positive electrode of the satellite communication module WT, and the first end of the resistor R; the negative electrode of the smoke sensing element YG and the negative electrode of the satellite communication module WT are connected to the collector of the transistor Q; the base of the transistor Q is connected to the first end of the resistor RT and the first contact of the temperature sensing element K; the second contact of the temperature sensing element K is connected to the second end of the resistor R; the second end of the resistor RT and the emitter of the transistor Q are connected to the negative electrode of the power supply;

[0012] When the temperature reaches the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K automatically closes, the transistor Q is powered on, and then the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT are activated and start working; when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K is disconnected; at this time, the potential of the base of the transistor Q becomes zero, the transistor Q loses power and is cut off, causing the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT to be disconnected (disconnected from the power supply). This series of actions can effectively achieve the detection module to keep working for a long time and greatly reduce the power consumption.

[0013] The above-mentioned fire warning terminal power supply system consists of a built-in high-capacity battery, a small solar charging component and a low-power consumption management system.

[0014] During normal detection, the circuit of the fire warning terminal is disconnected and the device does not consume any power. At the same time, the natural decay of the battery power is supplemented by a small solar charging component, ensuring that the device can work for a long time.

[0015] Preferably, the IoT satellite adopts a low-orbit narrowband constellation with a moderate orbital height, which can cover a wide area and ensure the timeliness of data transmission. The constellation adopts UHF band communication frequency, which has strong penetration, and UHF waves can penetrate obstacles such as buildings and vegetation.

[0016] Preferably, the emergency management warning platform can also be installed on a mobile terminal device or / and a computer as an APP to facilitate real-time viewing and timely response.

[0017] Preferably, the fire warning terminal can be deployed in a number according to the size of the forest area. After each fire warning terminal is numbered, it is set in the forest area to be monitored in a preset fixed manner, and the fixed position information of the fire warning terminal is recorded, and the position information includes latitude, longitude, and altitude information;

[0018] Preferably, the preset fixing method is to fix the fire warning terminal to the ground of the forest land to be monitored, or to a stone or tree trunk protruding from the ground, by means of rivets.

[0019] Preferably, after receiving the data from the data center, the emergency management warning platform immediately starts the sound and light warning, and the lights flash continuously at the fire warning terminal number in the forest map of the emergency management warning platform; the frequency of flashing of the alarm lights is determined by the number of fire warning terminals that are currently warning and the duration of the warning, and the fire warning level is determined according to the warning threshold; in addition, according to the fire warning terminal number in the warning signal, the corresponding installation location coordinates and altitude information are associated to determine the fire alarm area.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the fire warning terminal of the present invention and the emergency management warning platform are composed, and in the fire warning terminal, the detection module, the satellite communication module and the power module are integrated into a device housing, which can adapt to harsh environments. The present invention has the following characteristics: 1) The fire warning terminal has a simple structure, a small size, is easy to install and debug, does not need to lay complex ground lines, operates stably and reliably, and has low investment and operating costs; 2) It is suitable for large forest areas and the ground communication network is not fully covered; 3) The satellite constellation of the present invention adopts the UHF frequency band communication frequency, which has strong penetration, ensuring fast and stable information transmission between the satellite communication module and the satellite; 4) During the normal detection of the fire warning terminal, the circuit is disconnected, the equipment has no power consumption, and the natural attenuation of the battery power is supplemented by a small solar charging component; it is only powered on when a fire occurs, ensuring long-term operation; 5) The emergency management warning platform can also be installed on the mobile terminal device as an APP, which is convenient for real-time viewing and timely response.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the fire warning terminal architecture of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a fire warning terminal of the present invention, in which: 1. trees or bushes, 2. a service area of ​​the fire warning terminal, and 3. a fire warning terminal.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the detection module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] The present invention provides a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes fire warning terminal and emergency management warning platform;

[0029] The fire warning terminal is composed of a detection module, a satellite communication module and a power supply module. Figure 2 As shown. The detection module, satellite communication module and power module are assembled in a device housing. In addition, the detection module can also integrate Beidou and GPS to ensure fast and accurate acquisition of location information worldwide. The device housing adopts a high-strength waterproof and dustproof design, meets the IP66 protection level, and can adapt to harsh environments. This design ensures that the device can still maintain normal operation under extreme conditions and is not affected by the external environment.

[0030] The detection module is composed of a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor. When the ambient temperature reaches the preset fire warning temperature, the temperature sensor is heated and quickly closes the contact, connecting the fire warning terminal circuit. When the ambient temperature cools to the set temperature, the contact automatically opens, cutting off the fire warning terminal circuit and reducing power consumption. The specific circuit connection of the detection module is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, K represents the temperature sensing element. This temperature sensing element has a settable temperature threshold function. The user can flexibly set the trigger temperature to 50°C, and when this set temperature is not reached, it remains in a normally open stable state. R represents the resistor, RT represents the adjustable resistor, Q represents the transistor, YG represents the smoke sensing element, and WT represents the satellite communication module; when the temperature reaches 50°C, the temperature sensing element K automatically closes, and the transistor Q is energized and turned on. Then, the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT start to activate and work. When the temperature drops to about 50°C, the temperature sensing element K is disconnected; at this time, the base (pole b) potential of the transistor Q becomes zero, and the Q tube loses power and is cut off, causing the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT to be disconnected. This series of actions can effectively keep the detection module working for a long time and greatly reduce power consumption.

[0031] The satellite communication module sends the triggered detection module warning signal directly to the transiting IoT satellite, which then transmits the data to the satellite ground station and transmits the data to the emergency center or the management center's emergency management warning platform through the data center. After receiving the warning from the emergency management warning platform, the management center sends a drone to the warning fire location to confirm the fire situation and determine the fire level based on the fire situation. The IoT satellite adopts a low-orbit narrowband constellation with a moderate orbital height, which can not only cover a wide area, but also ensure the timeliness of data transmission. In addition, the IoT satellite constellation adopts the UHF band communication frequency, which has strong penetration. UHF waves can penetrate obstacles such as buildings and vegetation.

[0032] The power module consists of a built-in high-capacity battery, a small solar charging component and a low-power consumption management system.

[0033] In actual applications, when the temperature sensing element in the fire warning terminal detection module is connected to the circuit, the smoke sensing element and the satellite communication module start working, and transmit the warning signals such as the fire warning terminal number and smoke sensing information to the emergency management warning platform via the satellite link. When the detection module of the fire warning terminal continues to monitor that the fire is continuing, the fire warning signal is continuously transmitted to the emergency management warning platform via the satellite link at preset time intervals, and sound and light warnings are continuously issued. In addition, during normal detection, the fire warning terminal is disconnected from the circuit and the device does not consume power; at the same time, the natural decay of the battery power is supplemented by a small solar charging component, ensuring that the device can work for a long time.

[0034] The fire warning terminal can be deployed in multiple locations according to the size of the forest area. The fire warning terminal installation diagram is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, after each fire warning terminal is numbered, it is set in the forest area to be monitored in a preset fixed manner, and the fixed location information of the fire warning terminal is recorded, including latitude, longitude, altitude and other information. Among them, the preset fixing method is to fix the fire warning terminal on the ground of the forest area to be monitored, on a stone protruding from the ground or on a tree trunk by rivets.

[0035] Furthermore, according to the fixed position information of the fire warning terminal in the forest area to be monitored, the corresponding fire warning terminal position is marked in the three-dimensional forest map of the emergency management warning platform. After receiving the satellite data, the emergency management warning platform immediately starts the sound and light warning, and the light flashes continuously at the fire warning terminal number in the forest map of the emergency management warning platform; the number of fire warning terminals that are warning and the continuous warning time are used to determine the flashing frequency of the alarm light, and the fire warning level is determined according to the warning threshold, as shown in Table 1. In addition, according to the fire warning terminal number in the warning signal, the corresponding installation location coordinates and altitude information are associated to quickly determine the fire alarm area and determine the fire alarm location.

[0036] Table 1 Determine the fire warning level

[0037]

[0038] Furthermore, the emergency management warning platform can also be installed on mobile terminal devices via an APP to facilitate real-time viewing and timely response.

[0039] The present invention also discloses a forest fire early warning terminal method based on satellite Internet of Things technology, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] In the first step, a number of M fire warning terminals can be deployed according to the size of the forest area;

[0041] M = S / s0, S is the size of the forest area, s0 is the size of the warning area, and M is the number of fire warning terminals deployed;

[0042] The numbering method is:

[0043] BHxx=MD5(terminalID), BHxx is the fire warning terminal number, terminalID represents the fire warning terminal equipment ID number, MD5() represents a unique number, and the MD5 digest algorithm is used;

[0044] Each fire warning terminal is uniquely matched with a location information (latitude, longitude, and altitude information) after being fixed, so the platform can easily determine the location of the fire and carry out firefighting and rescue in time;

[0045] In the second step, when the temperature is lower than 50°C, the temperature sensing element K is disconnected, the base potential of the transistor Q is zero, and the transistor Q is de-energized and cut off, so that the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT are powered off. At this time, the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT are in a state of not consuming power;

[0046] When a fire occurs, if the temperature at this time and place exceeds 50°C, the temperature sensing element K in the fire warning terminal at the fire location will automatically close, and the base of the transistor Q will be energized and turned on. Then, the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT will be energized to start activation and work; when the outside world reaches the preset trigger condition of the detection module, the detection module warning signal will be triggered; the satellite communication module will directly send the triggered detection module warning signal to the transiting IoT satellite, and the IoT satellite will then transmit the data to the satellite ground station, and transmit the data to the emergency management warning platform through the data center;

[0047] After receiving the satellite data, the emergency management warning platform immediately activates sound and light warnings, and continuously flashes lights at the fire warning terminal number in the forest map of the emergency management warning platform; the frequency of flashing alarm lights is determined by factors such as the number of fire warning terminals that are currently warning and the duration of the warning, and the fire warning level is determined based on the warning threshold.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology, characterized in that: It includes a fire warning terminal and an emergency management warning platform; the fire warning terminal includes a detection module, a satellite communication module and a power supply module; The detection module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to trigger the warning signal of the detection module when the outside world reaches the preset triggering condition of the detection module; the satellite communication module directly sends the triggered warning signal of the detection module to the transiting IoT satellite, and the IoT satellite then transmits the data to the satellite ground station and transmits the data to the emergency management warning platform through the data center; When the emergency management warning platform receives the warning signal from the fire warning terminal, the management center sends a drone to the warning fire location to confirm the fire situation and determine the fire level based on the fire situation.

2. According to claim 1, a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology is characterized in that: The detection module, satellite communication module and power supply module are assembled in a device housing.

3. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The detection module also includes a positioning module.

4. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The detection module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to determine when the external environment reaches the preset trigger condition of the detection module and trigger in a preset trigger mode; including: when the ambient temperature reaches the preset fire warning temperature, the contacts of the temperature sensor are closed and the fire warning terminal circuit is connected; when the ambient temperature cools to the set temperature, the contacts of the temperature sensor are automatically disconnected, cutting off the fire warning terminal circuit and reducing power consumption.

5. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circuit of the detection module includes: the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the positive electrode of the smoke sensing element YG, the positive electrode of the satellite communication module WT, and the first end of the resistor R; the negative electrode of the smoke sensing element YG and the negative electrode of the satellite communication module WT are connected to the collector of the transistor Q; the base of the transistor Q is connected to the first end of the resistor RT and the first contact of the temperature sensing element K; the second contact of the temperature sensing element K is connected to the second end of the resistor R; the second end of the resistor RT and the emitter of the transistor Q are connected to the negative electrode of the power supply; When the temperature reaches the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K automatically closes, the transistor Q is energized and turned on, and then the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT are activated and start working; when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K is disconnected; at this time, the potential of the base of the transistor Q becomes zero, the transistor Q loses power and is cut off, causing the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT to be powered off, so that the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT are in a state of not consuming power.

6. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Internet of Things satellite adopts a low-orbit narrowband constellation, and the constellation adopts a UHF band communication frequency.

7. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The emergency management warning platform is installed on a mobile terminal device and / or a computer via an APP.

8. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fire warning terminals can be deployed in a number according to the size of the forest area. After each fire warning terminal is numbered, it is set in the forest area to be monitored in a preset fixed manner, and the fixed location information of the fire warning terminal is recorded, and the location information includes latitude, longitude and altitude information.

9. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The preset fixing method is to fix the fire warning terminal on the ground of the forest land to be monitored, or on a stone or tree trunk protruding from the ground, by means of rivets.

10. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After receiving the data from the data center, the emergency management warning platform immediately starts the sound and light warning, and the lights flash continuously at the fire warning terminal number in the forest map of the emergency management warning platform; the flashing frequency of the alarm lights is determined according to the number of fire warning terminals that are warning and the duration of the warning, and the fire warning level is determined according to the warning threshold; In addition, the fire alarm area is determined according to the fire alarm terminal number in the warning signal and the corresponding installation location coordinates and altitude information.

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