Multi-material localized printing device and method based on selective laser melting technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-material localized printing device and method based on a selective laser melting technology. The device comprises a laser printing head, a printer shell, a groove type lifting printing table, a powder storage mechanism, a powder feeding execution mechanism, a powder scraping mechanism and a regional powder covering mechanism. The groove type lifting printing table is arranged on the printer shell; the laser printing head is located above the groove type lifting printing table. The powder storage mechanism is located on the side of the groove type lifting printing table. The powder feeding executing mechanism is located below the powder storage mechanism. The powder scraping mechanism is located behind the groove type lifting printing table. The regional powder covering mechanism is located in front of the groove type lifting printing table. Various materials can be selected during one-time forming machining, material conversion in the forming machining process is simpler and faster, multi-material combination can be achieved in different areas of the same-layer structure in the horizontal direction, and multi-material combination can be achieved in different areas or the same area of the different-layer structure in the vertical direction; and the forming requirements of multi-material integrated parts are effectively met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of selective laser melting, and particularly relates to a multi-material localized printing device and method based on selective laser melting technology. Background Art

[0002] Selective laser melting technology is one of the important additive manufacturing technologies. This technology adopts the principle of layer-by-layer stacking of discrete materials. According to digital three-dimensional data, a high-energy laser beam is used to melt the material powder layer by layer until the target component is additively formed.

[0003] However, although selective laser melting technology can directly form high-precision functional components with complex spatial structures and geometric shapes, and the components have the characteristics of high forming accuracy, high density, and simple post-processing, traditional selective laser melting forming equipment generally can only select one material during single forming processing, so it can only additively form target components of a single material and cannot meet the forming requirements of multi-material integrated components, thus restricting the application of selective laser melting technology in the field of multi-material integrated component manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-material localized printing device and method based on selective laser melting technology, which can select multiple materials during single forming processing, and the material conversion during the forming process is simpler and faster. It can realize multi-material combination in different regions of the same-layer structure in the horizontal direction, and can also realize multi-material combination in different regions or the same region of the different-layer structure in the vertical direction, effectively meeting the forming requirements of multi-material integrated components and expanding the application of selective laser melting technology in the field of multi-material integrated component manufacturing.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-material localized printing device based on selective laser melting technology, comprising a laser printing head, a printer housing, a groove-type lifting printing table, a powder storage mechanism, a powder feeding actuator, a powder scraping mechanism, and a regional powder shielding mechanism; the groove-type lifting printing table is arranged on the printer housing; the laser printing head is located above the groove-type lifting printing table; the powder storage mechanism is located on the side of the groove-type lifting printing table; the powder feeding actuator is located below the powder storage mechanism; the powder scraping mechanism is located behind the groove-type lifting printing table; the regional powder shielding mechanism is located in front of the groove-type lifting printing table.

[0006] The powder storage mechanism includes a powder storage box body and a powder storage box cover; the powder storage box body adopts a disc structure, and powder storage grooves are arranged on the circumferential side of the powder storage box body. The number of the powder storage grooves is several, and the several powder storage grooves are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the powder storage box body; the powder storage grooves are of a structure that penetrates up and down, and a powder supporting plate is arranged in each powder storage groove. The powder supporting plate has a degree of freedom of lifting and moving in the powder storage groove, and the cross-sectional dimensions and shapes of the powder supporting plate and the powder storage groove are the same; the powder storage box cover adopts a notched circular plate structure, and the powder storage box cover is fixedly connected to the printer housing. The notch of the powder storage box cover and the powder storage groove adopt a completely non-blocking matching form; the upper edge of the notch of the powder storage groove is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the groove-type lifting printing table.

[0007] The powder feeding actuator includes an electric push rod, a power gear box, a powder storage groove transposition drive shaft, a powder storage groove transposition drive gear, a powder storage groove transposition force transmission frame, a powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, an electromagnetic brake, a quick connector sub-end body, and a quick connector mother-end body; the electric push rod is arranged vertically. The bottom end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the printer housing, and the top end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the power gear box. The height of the power gear box is adjusted by the electric push rod; the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is arranged vertically, and a powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is arranged below each powder storage groove. The power gear box is located below the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism; the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft is arranged vertically. The top end of the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the disc of the powder storage box body, and the bottom end of the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft is rotatably connected to the printer housing through a bearing seat; the powder storage groove transposition drive gear is coaxially fixed on the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft, and the powder storage groove transposition drive gear is in transmission connection with the power gear box; the powder storage groove transposition force transmission frame is located above the powder storage groove transposition drive gear and is fixedly connected to the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft; the guide rail seat of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the powder storage groove transposition force transmission frame, and the slider seat of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the powder supporting plate; the electromagnetic brake is fixedly installed at the top end of the screw of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism; the quick connector sub-end body is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the screw of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism; the quick connector mother-end body is fixedly installed on the power output shaft of the power gear box.

[0008] The power gearbox includes a box body, a driving motor, a coupling, a driving gear, a driving shaft, a driven gear and a driven shaft; the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body of the power gearbox; the driving motor is vertically arranged inside the box body, the outer shell of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the box body, the motor shaft of the driving motor is arranged upward, the motor shaft of the driving motor is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lower end of the driving shaft through a coupling, and the upper end of the driving shaft is rotatably connected to the box body through a bearing seat; the driving gear is coaxially installed on the driving shaft, and the driving gear is meshed and matched with the powder storage tank transposition driving gear; the driven shaft is vertically arranged inside the box body, the lower end of the driven shaft is rotatably connected to the box body through a bearing seat, the upper end of the driven shaft extends upward to the outside of the box body, and the female end body of the quick connector is fixedly installed at the upper end of the driven shaft, and the driven shaft serves as the power output shaft of the power gearbox.

[0009] A first synchronous gear disc is fixedly assembled above the powder storage tank transposition driving gear. The first synchronous gear disc has the same tooth profile parameters as the powder storage tank transposition driving gear and the teeth are aligned and distributed. The upper end face of the teeth of the first synchronous gear disc adopts a round chamfer structure; a second synchronous gear disc is fixedly assembled below the driving gear. The second synchronous gear disc has the same tooth profile parameters as the driving gear and the teeth are aligned and distributed. The lower end face of the teeth of the second synchronous gear disc adopts a round chamfer structure; the first synchronous gear disc and the second synchronous gear disc are axially slidably inserted and matched through the round chamfer structure of the teeth.

[0010] The powder scraping mechanism includes a first X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, a second X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, a Y-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism and a powder scraping plate; the first X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism and the second X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism are parallelly distributed; the guide rail seat of the first X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the printer housing; the guide rail seat of the second X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the printer housing; the Y-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is perpendicularly distributed to the first X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism and the second X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism. One end of the guide rail seat of the Y-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the first X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, and the other end of the guide rail seat of the Y-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the second X-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism; the powder scraping plate is perpendicularly distributed, the powder scraping plate is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the Y-direction powder scraping electric screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, and the lower edge of the powder scraping plate is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the groove-type lifting printing table; the notch of the powder storage box cover is within the coverage range of the powder scraping plate.

[0011] The area powder shielding mechanism includes an X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism and an area powder shielding plate; the X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is parallel to the first X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism and the second X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism; the guide rail seat of the X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the printer housing; the area powder shielding plate is horizontally arranged, the area powder shielding plate is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, and the lower surface of the area powder shielding plate is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the groove type lifting printing table; the notch of the groove type lifting printing table is within the coverage area of the area powder shielding plate.

[0012] A multi-material localized printing method based on the selective laser melting technology, which adopts the multi-material localized printing device based on the selective laser melting technology, includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Start the electromagnetic brake, lock the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, remove the powder storage box cover, load the material powder into the powder storage tank until the required types of material powder are loaded into each powder storage tank, and then install the powder storage box cover back.

[0014] Step 2: Start the Y-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, move the powder scraping plate above the powder storage box body until the powder scraping plate is adjacent to the notch edge of the powder storage box cover.

[0015] Step 3: Start the drive motor to drive the driving gear to rotate, and then drive the driven gear and the powder storage tank transposition drive gear meshing with it to rotate synchronously. The driven gear drives the female end body of the quick connector to rotate idly through the driven shaft. The powder storage tank transposition drive gear drives the powder storage tank transposition force transmission frame, the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism and the powder storage box body to rotate through the powder storage tank transposition drive shaft, so that the selected powder storage tank filled with material powder moves to the notch of the powder storage box cover.

[0016] Step 4: Start the electric push rod to lift the power gear box until the female end body of the quick connector is engaged with the male end body of the quick connector, and at the same time separate the driving gear from the powder storage tank transposition drive gear.

[0017] Step 5: Turn off the electromagnetic brake, release the locking of the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, start the drive motor to drive the driving gear to rotate, and then drive the driven gear meshing with it to rotate, and drive the female end body of the quick connector, the male end body of the quick connector and the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism to rotate through the driven shaft until the slider seat and the powder supporting plate of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism are driven to move upward by a set distance to eject the selected material powder from the notch of the powder storage tank.

[0018] Step 6: Start the electromagnetic brake to lock the lead screw of the lead screw-nut-slider guide mechanism for powder feeding. Reverse-start the push rod to lower the power gearbox. The female end body of the quick connector separates from the male end body of the quick connector. As the power gearbox descends, the first synchronous gear disc and the second synchronous gear disc come into contact first and complete automatic meshing alignment through the circular chamfer structure on the gear teeth, thus completing the automatic alignment before the driving gear meshes with the transmission gear of the powder storage tank position changer until the driving gear re-meshes with the transmission gear of the powder storage tank position changer to complete the reset of the power gearbox;

[0019] Step 7: Start the electric-driven lead screw-nut-slider guide mechanism for X-direction area powder shielding to drive the area powder shielding plate to move above the notch of the grooved lifting printing table until the shielding area of the notch of the grooved lifting printing table reaches the set value. At the same time, synchronously start the first electric-driven lead screw-nut-slider guide mechanism for X-direction powder scraping and the second electric-driven lead screw-nut-slider guide mechanism for X-direction powder scraping to drive the electric-driven lead screw-nut-slider guide mechanism for Y-direction powder scraping and the powder scraping plate to move with the same distance and direction as the area powder shielding plate, so that the front edge of the powder scraping plate and the rear edge of the area powder shielding plate are always in a cross-aligned state;

[0020] Step 8: Start the electric-driven lead screw-nut-slider guide mechanism for Y-direction powder scraping to drive the powder scraping plate to move from the notch edge of the powder storage box cover to the notch of the grooved lifting printing table. Through the movement of the powder scraping plate from left to right, the selected material powder will be scraped from the notch of the powder storage tank into the unshielded notch of the grooved lifting printing table to complete the powder spreading of the material powder. After that, control the powder scraping plate and the area powder shielding plate to return to the initial position;

[0021] Step 9: Start the laser printing head to perform laser printing on the material powder already spread on the grooved lifting printing table 2 according to the set program;

[0022] Step 10: Repeat Steps 2 to 9. And every time a layer of printing is completed, the grooved lifting printing table descends by the distance of one layer until the printing and forming of the component are completed.

[0023] Advantages of the present invention:

[0024] The multi-material local printing device and method based on the selective laser melting technology of the present invention can select multiple materials during single forming and processing, and the material conversion during the forming and processing is simpler and faster. It can realize multi-material combination in different areas of the same-layer structure in the horizontal direction and can also realize multi-material combination in different areas or the same area of the different-layer structure in the vertical direction, effectively meeting the forming requirements of multi-material integrated components and expanding the application of the selective laser melting technology in the field of manufacturing multi-material integrated components. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1Schematic structural diagram of a multi-material local printing device based on selective laser melting technology of the present invention (only part of the printer housing is shown);

[0026] Figure 2 Partial cross-sectional view of the powder storage mechanism and powder feeding actuator assembly of the present invention (the power gearbox is not shown);

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of the power gearbox of the present invention (only the bottom plate of the box body is shown);

[0028] In the figure, 1 - printer housing, 2 - grooved lifting printing table, 3 - powder storage box body, 4 - powder storage box cover, 5 - powder storage groove, 6 - powder supporting plate, 7 - electric push rod, 8 - power gearbox, 9 - powder storage groove transposition drive shaft, 10 - powder storage groove transposition drive gear, 11 - powder storage groove transposition force transmission frame, 12 - powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, 13 - electromagnetic brake, 14 - quick connector sub-end body, 15 - quick connector female-end body, 16 - box body, 17 - drive motor, 18 - coupling, 19 - driving gear, 20 - driving shaft, 21 - driven gear, 22 - driven shaft, 23 - first synchronous gear disk, 24 - second synchronous gear disk, 25 - first X-direction powder scraping electric drive lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, 26 - second X-direction powder scraping electric drive lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, 27 - Y-direction powder scraping electric drive lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, 28 - powder scraping plate, 29 - X-direction area powder shielding electric drive lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism, 30 - area powder shielding plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a multi-material local printing device based on selective laser melting technology includes a laser printing head, a printer housing 1, a grooved lifting printing table 2, a powder storage mechanism, a powder feeding actuator, a powder scraping mechanism, and an area powder shielding mechanism; the grooved lifting printing table 2 is arranged on the printer housing 1; the laser printing head is located above the grooved lifting printing table 2; the powder storage mechanism is located on the side of the grooved lifting printing table 2; the powder feeding actuator is located below the powder storage mechanism; the powder scraping mechanism is located behind the grooved lifting printing table 2; the area powder shielding mechanism is located in front of the grooved lifting printing table 2.

[0031] The powder storage mechanism includes a powder storage box body 3 and a powder storage box cover 4; the powder storage box body 3 adopts a disc structure, and a powder storage groove 5 is arranged on the circumferential side of the powder storage box body 3, and the number of the powder storage grooves 5 is several, and several powder storage grooves 5 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the powder storage box body 3; the powder storage groove 5 is a vertically through structure, and a powder supporting plate 6 is arranged in each powder storage groove 5, and the powder supporting plate 6 has a degree of freedom of lifting and moving in the powder storage groove 5, and the cross-sectional size and shape of the powder supporting plate 6 are the same as those of the powder storage groove 5; the powder storage box cover 4 adopts a notched circular plate structure, the powder storage box cover 4 is fixedly connected with the printer housing 1, and the notch of the powder storage box cover 4 and the powder storage groove 5 adopt a completely non-blocking matching form; the upper edge of the notch of the powder storage groove 5 is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2.

[0032] The powder feeding actuator includes an electric push rod 7, a power gear box 8, a powder storage groove transposition drive shaft 9, a powder storage groove transposition drive gear 10, a powder storage groove transposition force transmission frame 11, a powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12, an electromagnetic brake 13, a quick connector sub-end body 14, and a quick connector mother-end body 15; the electric push rod 7 is arranged vertically, the bottom end of the electric push rod 7 is fixedly connected with the printer housing 1, the top end of the electric push rod 7 is fixedly connected with the power gear box 8, and the height of the power gear box 8 is adjusted by the electric push rod 7; the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12 is arranged vertically, and a powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12 is arranged below each powder storage groove 5, and the power gear box 8 is located below the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12; the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft 9 is arranged vertically, the top end of the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft 9 is fixedly connected with the center of the lower surface of the disc of the powder storage box body 3, and the bottom end of the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft 9 is rotatably connected with the printer housing 1 through a bearing seat; the powder storage groove transposition drive gear 10 is coaxially fixed on the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft 9, and the powder storage groove transposition drive gear 10 is in transmission connection with the power gear box 8; the powder storage groove transposition force transmission frame 11 is located above the powder storage groove transposition drive gear 10 and is fixedly connected to the powder storage groove transposition drive shaft 9; the guide rail seat of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12 is fixedly connected with the powder storage groove transposition force transmission frame 11, and the slider seat of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12 is fixedly connected with the powder supporting plate 6; the electromagnetic brake 13 is fixedly installed at the top end of the screw of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12; the quick connector sub-end body 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the screw of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide rail mechanism 12; the quick connector mother-end body 15 is fixedly installed on the power output shaft of the power gear box 8.

[0033] The power gearbox 8 includes a box body 16, a driving motor 17, a coupling 18, a driving gear 19, a driving shaft 20, a driven gear 21 and a driven shaft 22; the electric push rod 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body 16 of the power gearbox 8; the driving motor 17 is vertically arranged inside the box body 16, the outer shell of the driving motor 17 is fixedly connected to the box body 16, the motor shaft of the driving motor 17 is arranged upward, the motor shaft of the driving motor 17 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lower end of the driving shaft 20 through the coupling 18, and the upper end of the driving shaft 20 is rotationally connected to the box body 16 through a bearing seat; the driving gear 19 is coaxially fixedly installed on the driving shaft 20, and the driving gear 19 is meshed and matched with the powder storage tank transposition driving gear 10; the driven shaft 22 is vertically arranged inside the box body 16, the lower end of the driven shaft 22 is rotationally connected to the box body 16 through a bearing seat, the upper end of the driven shaft 22 extends upward to the outside of the box body 16, the female end body 15 of the quick connector is fixedly installed at the upper end of the driven shaft 22, and the driven shaft 22 serves as the power output shaft of the power gearbox 8.

[0034] A first synchronous gear disc 23 is fixedly assembled above the powder storage tank transposition driving gear 10. The tooth profile parameters of the first synchronous gear disc 23 are the same as those of the powder storage tank transposition driving gear 10 and the teeth are aligned and distributed. The upper end face of the teeth of the first synchronous gear disc 23 adopts a circular chamfer structure; a second synchronous gear disc 24 is fixedly assembled below the driving gear 19. The tooth profile parameters of the second synchronous gear disc 24 are the same as those of the driving gear 19 and the teeth are aligned and distributed. The lower end face of the teeth of the second synchronous gear disc 24 adopts a circular chamfer structure; the first synchronous gear disc 23 and the second synchronous gear disc 24 are axially slidably inserted and matched through the circular chamfer structure of the teeth.

[0035] The powder scraping mechanism includes a first X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 25, a second X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 26, a Y-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27 and a powder scraping plate 28; the first X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 25 and the second X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 26 are distributed in parallel; the guide rail seat of the first X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 25 is fixedly connected to the printer housing 1; the guide rail seat of the second X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 26 is fixedly connected to the printer housing 1; the Y-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27 is vertically distributed with the first X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 25 and the second X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 26, and one end of the guide rail seat of the Y-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27 is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the first X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 25, and the other end of the guide rail seat of the Y-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27 is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the second X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 26; the powder scraping plate 28 is vertically distributed, the powder scraping plate 28 is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the Y-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27, and the lower edge of the powder scraping plate 28 is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2; the notch of the powder storage box cover 4 is within the coverage range of the powder scraping plate 28.

[0036] The area powder shielding mechanism includes an X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 29 and an area powder shielding plate 30; the X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 29 is parallel to the first X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 25 and the second X-direction powder scraping electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 26; the guide rail seat of the X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 29 is fixedly connected to the printer housing 1; the area powder shielding plate 30 is horizontally arranged, the area powder shielding plate 30 is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the X-direction area powder shielding electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 29, and the lower surface of the area powder shielding plate 30 is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2; the notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2 is within the coverage range of the area powder shielding plate 30.

[0037] In this embodiment, there are two sets of the combination of the powder storage mechanism and the powder feeding execution mechanism, and the two sets of combinations are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the groove type lifting printing table 2; there are four powder storage grooves 5 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction in the powder storage box body 3, and the two sets of combinations can provide a total of eight powder storage grooves 5, so at most eight different material powders can be stored and fed.

[0038] A multi-material local printing method based on selective laser melting technology, which uses the multi-material local printing device based on selective laser melting technology, includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Start the electromagnetic brake 13, lock the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 12, remove the powder storage box cover 4, and load the material powder into the powder storage tank 5 until the required types of material powder are loaded into each powder storage tank 5. Then, install the powder storage box cover 4 back;

[0040] Step 2: Start the Y-direction powder scraping electric drive lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27, move the powder scraping plate 28 above the powder storage box body 3 until the powder scraping plate 28 is adjacent to the notch edge of the powder storage box cover 4;

[0041] Step 3: Start the drive motor 17, drive the driving gear 19 to rotate, and then drive the driven gear 21 and the powder storage tank transposition drive gear 10 meshing with it to rotate synchronously. The driven gear 21 drives the female end body 15 of the quick connector to rotate idly through the driven shaft 22. The powder storage tank transposition drive gear 10 drives the powder storage tank transposition force transmission frame 11, the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 12 and the powder storage box body 3 to rotate through the powder storage tank transposition drive shaft 9, so that the selected powder storage tank 5 filled with material powder moves to the notch of the powder storage box cover 4;

[0042] Step 4: Start the electric push rod 7, lift the power gear box 8 until the female end body 15 of the quick connector is engaged with the male end body 14 of the quick connector, and at the same time separate the driving gear 19 from the powder storage tank transposition drive gear 10;

[0043] Step 5: Turn off the electromagnetic brake 13, release the lock of the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 12, start the drive motor 17, drive the driving gear 19 to rotate, and then drive the driven gear 21 meshing with it to rotate, and drive the female end body 15 of the quick connector, the male end body 14 of the quick connector and the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 12 to rotate through the driven shaft 22 until the slider seat and the powder supporting plate 6 of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 12 are driven to move upward by a set distance, and the selected material powder is ejected from the notch of the powder storage tank 5;

[0044] Step 6: Start the electromagnetic brake 13, lock the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 12, reverse-start the push rod 7, lower the power gear box 8, the female end body 15 of the quick connector is separated from the male end body 14 of the quick connector. As the power gear box 8 descends, the first synchronous gear disk 23 and the second synchronous gear disk 24 come into contact first and complete automatic meshing alignment through the circular chamfer structure on the tooth surface, so as to complete the automatic alignment before the driving gear 19 is engaged with the powder storage tank transposition drive gear 10 until the driving gear 19 is re-engaged with the powder storage tank transposition drive gear 10 to complete the reset of the power gear box 8;

[0045] Step 7: Start the electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 29 for X-direction area powder shielding, drive the area powder shielding plate 30 to move above the notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2 until the shielding area of the notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2 reaches the set value; at the same time, synchronously start the first electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 25 for X-direction powder scraping and the second electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 26 for X-direction powder scraping, drive the Y-direction electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27 for powder scraping and the powder scraping plate 28 to move, and the moving distance and direction are the same as those of the area powder shielding plate 30, so that the front edge of the powder scraping plate 28 and the rear edge of the area powder shielding plate 30 are always in a cross-aligned state;

[0046] Step 8: Start the Y-direction electric drive type lead screw nut slider guide mechanism 27 for powder scraping, drive the powder scraping plate 28 to move from the notch edge of the powder storage box cover 4 to the notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2. Through the movement of the powder scraping plate 28 from left to right, the selected material powder will be scraped from the notch of the powder storage tank 5 into the unshielded notch of the groove type lifting printing table 2 to complete the powder laying of the material powder. After that, control the powder scraping plate 28 and the area powder shielding plate 30 to return to the initial positions;

[0047] Step 9: Start the laser printing head and perform laser printing on the material powder already laid on the groove type lifting printing table 2 according to the set program;

[0048] Step 10: Repeat steps 2 to 9, and each time a layer of printing is completed, the groove type lifting printing table will descend by the distance of one layer until the printing and forming of the component are completed.

[0049] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification without departing from the present invention is included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-material localized printing device based on selective laser melting technology, characterized in that: It includes a laser print head, a printer housing, a grooved lifting printing platform, a powder storage mechanism, a powder feeding actuator, a powder scraping mechanism and a regional powder covering mechanism; the grooved lifting printing platform is arranged on the printer housing; the laser print head is located above the grooved lifting printing platform; the powder storage mechanism is located on the side of the grooved lifting printing platform; the powder feeding actuator is located below the powder storage mechanism; the powder scraping mechanism is located behind the grooved lifting printing platform; and the regional powder covering mechanism is located in front of the grooved lifting printing platform.

2. According to claim 1, a multi-material localized printing device based on selective laser melting technology is characterized in that: The powder storage mechanism comprises a powder storage box body and a powder storage box cover; the powder storage box body adopts a disc-type structure, and a powder storage slot is arranged on the circumferential side of the powder storage box body, and the number of the powder storage slots is several, and the several powder storage slots are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the powder storage box body; the powder storage slot is a vertical through structure, and a powder support plate is arranged in each powder storage slot, and the powder support plate has the freedom of lifting and moving in the powder storage slot, and the cross-sectional size and shape of the powder support plate and the powder storage slot are the same; the powder storage box cover adopts a notched circular plate structure, and the powder storage box cover is fixedly connected to the printer housing, and the notch of the powder storage box cover and the powder storage slot adopt a completely non-blocking matching form; the upper edge of the notch of the powder storage slot is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the groove-type lifting printing platform.

3. The multi-material localized printing device based on the selective laser melting technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder feeding actuator includes an electric push rod, a power gear box, a powder storage tank transposition transmission shaft, a powder storage tank transposition transmission gear, a powder storage tank transposition force transmission frame, a powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism, an electromagnetic brake, a quick connector sub-end body, and a quick connector female end body; the electric push rod is vertically arranged, the bottom end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the printer housing, the top end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the power gear box, and the height of the power gear box is adjusted by the electric push rod; the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism is vertically arranged, and a powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism is arranged under each powder storage tank, and the power gear box is located below the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism; the powder storage tank transposition transmission shaft is vertically arranged, and the top end of the powder storage tank transposition transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the disk of the powder storage box body The bottom end of the powder storage tank transposition transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the printer housing through a bearing seat; the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear is coaxially fixed on the powder storage tank transposition transmission shaft, and the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear is transmission-connected to the power gearbox; the powder storage tank transposition force transmission frame is located above the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear and is fixedly connected to the powder storage tank transposition transmission shaft; the guide rail seat of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the powder storage tank transposition force transmission frame, and the slider seat of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism is fixedly connected to the powder supporting plate; the electromagnetic brake is fixedly mounted on the top of the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism; the quick connector sub-end body is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the lead screw of the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism; the quick connector female end body is fixedly mounted on the power output shaft of the power gearbox.

4. The multi-material localized printing device based on the selective laser melting technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power gearbox comprises a box body, a driving motor, a coupling, a driving gear, a driving shaft, a driven gear and a driven shaft; the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box body of the power gearbox; the driving motor is vertically arranged inside the box body, the outer shell of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the box body, the motor shaft of the driving motor is arranged upward, the motor shaft of the driving motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the lower end of the driving shaft through a coupling, and the upper end of the driving shaft is rotatably connected to the box body through a bearing seat; the driving gear is coaxially fixed on the driving shaft, and the driving gear is meshed with the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear; the driven shaft is vertically arranged inside the box body, the lower end of the driven shaft is rotatably connected to the box body through a bearing seat, the upper end of the driven shaft extends upward to the outside of the box body, the quick connector female end body is fixedly installed on the upper end of the driven shaft, and the driven shaft serves as the power output shaft of the power gearbox.

5. The multi-material localized printing device based on the selective laser melting technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first synchronous gear plate is fixedly mounted above the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear, the first synchronous gear plate has the same tooth profile parameters as the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear, the gear teeth are aligned and distributed, and the upper end face of the gear teeth of the first synchronous gear plate adopts a circular chamfer structure; a second synchronous gear plate is fixedly mounted below the driving gear, the second synchronous gear plate has the same tooth profile parameters as the driving gear, the gear teeth are aligned and distributed, and the lower end face of the gear teeth of the second synchronous gear plate adopts a circular chamfer structure; the first synchronous gear plate and the second synchronous gear plate are axially slidably fitted through the circular chamfer structure of the gear teeth.

6. The multi-material localized printing device based on the selective laser melting technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The powder scraping mechanism comprises a first X-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping, a second X-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping, an Y-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping and a powder scraping plate; the first X-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping and the second X-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping are arranged in parallel; the guide rail seat of the first X-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping is fixedly connected to the printer housing; the guide rail seat of the second X-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping is fixedly connected to the printer housing; the Y-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for powder scraping is connected to the first X-direction electrically driven lead screw nut slider for powder scraping. The slider guide mechanism and the second X-direction electrically driven lead screw and nut slider guide mechanism for powder scraping are vertically distributed; one end of the guide seat of the Y-direction electrically driven lead screw and nut slider guide mechanism for powder scraping is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the first X-direction electrically driven lead screw and nut slider guide mechanism for powder scraping; the other end of the guide seat of the Y-direction electrically driven lead screw and nut slider guide mechanism for powder scraping is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the second X-direction electrically driven lead screw and nut slider guide mechanism for powder scraping; the powder scraper plate is vertically distributed; the powder scraper plate is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the Y-direction electrically driven lead screw and nut slider guide mechanism for powder scraping, and the lower edge of the powder scraper plate is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the grooved lifting printing table; the notch of the powder storage box cover is located within the coverage range of the powder scraper plate.

7. The multi-material localized printing device based on the selective laser melting technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The regional powder masking mechanism includes an electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for X-direction regional powder masking and a regional powder masking plate; the electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for X-direction regional powder masking is parallel to the electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for the first X-direction powder scraping and the electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for the second X-direction powder scraping; the guide rail seat of the electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for X-direction regional powder masking is fixedly connected to the printer housing; the regional powder masking plate is horizontally arranged, the regional powder masking plate is fixedly connected to the slider seat of the electrically driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for X-direction regional powder masking, and the lower surface of the regional powder masking plate is flush with the upper edge of the notch of the grooved lifting printing table; the notch of the grooved lifting printing table is located within the coverage range of the regional powder masking plate.

8. A multi-material localized printing method based on selective laser melting technology, using the multi-material localized printing device based on selective laser melting technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Start the electromagnetic brake, lock the lead screw of the lead screw nut slider guide mechanism for powder feeding, remove the cover of the powder storage box, and fill the material powder into the powder storage tank until all the required types of material powder are filled into each powder storage tank, and then replace the cover of the powder storage box; Step 2: Start the electric-driven lead screw, nut, slider and guide rail mechanism for scraping powder in the Y direction, and move the scraper plate to the top of the powder storage box body until the scraper plate is adjacent to the edge of the notch of the powder storage box cover; Step 3: Start the driving motor to drive the driving gear to rotate, and then drive the driven gear meshing with it and the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear to rotate synchronously, the driven gear drives the quick connector female end body to idle through the driven shaft, and the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear drives the powder storage tank transposition force transmission frame, the powder feeding lead screw nut slider guide mechanism and the powder storage box body to rotate through the powder storage tank transposition transmission shaft, so that the selected powder storage tank filled with material powder moves to the notch of the powder storage box cover; Step 4: Start the electric push rod and lift the power gearbox until the quick connector female end body and the quick connector sub-end body are connected together, and at the same time, the driving gear and the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear are separated; Step 5: turn off the electromagnetic brake, release the screw lock of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide mechanism, start the drive motor, drive the driving gear to rotate, and then drive the driven gear meshing with it to rotate, and drive the quick connector female end body, the quick connector sub-end body and the screw of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide mechanism to rotate through the driven shaft, until the slider seat and the powder supporting plate of the powder feeding screw nut slider guide mechanism are driven to move upward by a set distance, and the selected material powder is pushed out of the notch of the powder storage tank; Step 6: Start the electromagnetic brake, lock the lead screw of the lead screw nut slider guide mechanism for powder feeding, start the push rod in the reverse direction, lower the power gear box, separate the quick connector female end body from the quick connector sub-end body, and as the power gear box descends, the first synchronous gear plate and the second synchronous gear plate first contact and complete the automatic meshing alignment through the round chamfer structure on the gear teeth, thereby completing the automatic alignment before the active gear and the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear mesh, until the active gear and the powder storage tank transposition transmission gear mesh again, completing the reset of the power gear box; Step 7: Start the electric-driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for regional powder masking in the X direction, and drive the regional powder masking plate to move above the notch of the grooved lifting printing table until the notch blocking area of ​​the grooved lifting printing table reaches the set value; at the same time, synchronously start the first electric-driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for scraping powder in the X direction and the second electric-driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for scraping powder in the X direction, and drive the electric-driven lead screw nut slider guide rail mechanism for scraping powder in the Y direction and the powder scraping plate to move, and the moving distance and direction are the same as those of the regional powder masking plate, so that the front edge of the powder scraping plate and the rear edge of the regional powder masking plate are always in a cross-aligned state; Step 8: Start the electric-driven lead screw, nut, slider and guide rail mechanism for scraping powder in the Y direction, and drive the scraper plate to move from the edge of the notch of the powder storage box cover to the notch of the grooved lifting printing table. The scraper plate moves from left to right to scrape the selected material powder from the notch of the powder storage tank into the notch of the grooved lifting printing table that is not blocked, and the powder spreading of the material powder is completed. Then, the scraper plate and the regional powder shielding plate are controlled to return to the initial position. Step nine: Start the laser printing head and perform laser printing on the material powder that has been laid on the grooved lifting printing table 2 according to the set program; Step 10: Repeat steps 2 to 9, and after each layer of printing is completed, the grooved lifting printing table will be lowered by a layer until the printing of the parts is completed.

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