Horizontal vibrated fluidized bed metallurgical reactor and reduction ironmaking method

Abstract

The invention relates to a horizontal vibrated fluidized bed metallurgical reactor and a reduction ironmaking method. The horizontal vibrated fluidized bed metallurgical reactor comprises a reactor shell, a gas distribution assembly is arranged in the reactor shell; vibration assemblies are symmetrically arranged outside the reactor shell; a reducing gas inlet is formed in the lower end of the reactor shell; a gas outlet is formed in the top of the reactor shell; a mineral powder inlet is formed in one side of the reactor shell, and a mineral powder outlet is formed in the other side of the reactor shell. According to the horizontal vibrated fluidized bed metallurgical reactor, through coupling of vibration and airflow, the fluidization quality of iron ore concentrate with the fine granularity of 0.03-1 mm can be improved, flow loss caused by bonding of particles in a high-temperature environment is restrained, uniform fluidization is promoted, meanwhile, the retention time of materials with different particle sizes can be controlled, and backmixing of materials with different reduction degrees can be restrained. The metallurgical reactor can effectively utilize a large amount of low-grade fine-grained iron ore concentrate in China, has remarkable advantages compared with an existing fluidized bed reactor, and has wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of iron and steel metallurgy, and particularly to a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor and a method for reducing iron by smelting. Background Art

[0002] Iron and steel metallurgy is a core industry that supports the development of modern industry, infrastructure, and technology. However, it is also a major carbon emitter, accounting for approximately 8% of the global total. Metallurgical reactors are core equipment in the iron and steel metallurgy industry. Currently, the mainstream iron and steel metallurgical reactors include blast furnaces, shaft furnaces, fluidized beds, etc. Among them, blast furnace reactors use coke as fuel and reducing agent, and reduce iron ore (sinter / pellet) to pig iron at high temperatures (above 1500°C). They have advantages such as large production capacity and high stability in continuous production. However, they are highly dependent on coke, have high carbon emissions, and high environmental protection transformation costs. Shaft furnace reactors use syngas, natural gas, or hydrogen as reducing agents to directly reduce iron ore (lump ore / pellet) to solid sponge iron. The carbon emissions can be significantly reduced compared to traditional blast furnaces. However, the raw materials require high-grade lump ore or pellet ore and are not suitable for fine ore powder. Fluidized bed reactors use syngas, natural gas, or hydrogen as reducing agents to directly reduce fine ore powder to solid sponge iron. Compared with blast furnaces, fluidized bed reactors can significantly reduce carbon emissions; compared with shaft furnaces, fluidized bed reactors directly use fine ore powder, greatly improving the reduction efficiency, and eliminating the sintering / pelletizing process, reducing the raw material cost by 15 - 20%. Considering that most of the iron ores in China are low-grade fine ore powder, fluidized bed reactors are a reasonable choice for iron and steel metallurgy in China. However, the fine ore powder in fluidized bed reactors is very easy to adhere to each other under high-temperature environments, resulting in loss of fluidization and ultimately abnormal operation of the system, greatly reducing the advantages of fluidized bed reduction technology. At the same time, the particle flow in fluidized bed reactors tends to be chaotic, with serious material backmixing, making it difficult to precisely control the residence time of materials. Adhesion and loss of fluidization and difficulty in controlling the material residence time have become the main bottlenecks hindering the large-scale industrial application of fluidized bed reduction ironmaking.

[0003] To avoid or reduce the problem of fine powder adhesion and loss of fluidization in fluidized bed iron and steel metallurgy, industrialized fluidized bed iron and steel metallurgy processes often use iron ore with larger particle sizes. For example, the FINMET process increases the upper limit of ore powder particle size to 12 mm, which greatly reduces the reduction efficiency. Reducing the reduction temperature and increasing the gas velocity can also avoid or reduce fine powder adhesion and loss of fluidization to a certain extent. However, the former reduces the reduction rate, and the latter not only increases the power cost but also reduces the utilization rate of the reducing gas passing through the bed layer once.

[0004] CN101624639B discloses a method for preventing the adhesion and loss of fluidization of iron ore powder in high-hydrogen reduction, which avoids the occurrence of phenomena such as adhesion and loss of fluidization of iron ore powder during the high-hydrogen fluidized bed reduction process by adding inert materials to the ore powder.

[0005] CN102296139A discloses a method for inhibiting adhesion and fluid loss during fluidized reduction of iron ore powder. The method can reduce the iron ore powder with smaller particle size at a relatively high temperature and a relatively low gas velocity by simply pretreating the ore powder by spraying or dipping. The method also has low requirements on the reducing gas composition and strong adaptability.

[0006] CN117867205A discloses a fluidized bed reduction ironmaking method, which can suppress or avoid the problem of sticking and fluid loss during fluidized bed reduction by subjecting conventional iron ore concentrate raw materials to a series of treatments such as granulation and surface coating.

[0007] CN118460811A discloses a method for pretreatment of iron ore powder and high-efficiency low-carbon direct reduction. The upper and lower limits of the particle size of the pretreated ore powder are 2 mm and 0.3 mm respectively, and a large amount of low-grade fine powder ore with a particle size of ≤0.3 mm cannot be effectively utilized.

[0008] The side effects of the above methods are that they are not conducive to the subsequent treatment of the reduced products, for example, they increase the difficulty of melting, and still cannot fully utilize the fine-grained iron concentrate. In addition, strengthening the fluidized bed reactor by applying an external force field or changing the flow field structure, such as a pulsating fluidized bed, a spouted fluidized bed, a stirred fluidized bed, a conical fluidized bed, etc., is an important means commonly used in the field to improve the fluidization quality of fine powders and reduce or avoid the adhesion and loss of fine powders. However, this type of technology lacks sufficient verification in the actual iron and steel metallurgical process, and it is still difficult to accurately control the residence time of the material in the reactor.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a practical steel metallurgical reactor that can fully utilize fine-grained iron ore concentrate and accurately control the material residence time. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor and a method for reducing ironmaking. The horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor of the present invention uses the coupling of vibration and airflow to improve the fluidization quality of 0.03-1mm fine-grained iron concentrate, inhibit the loss of flow caused by the adhesion between particles under high temperature environment, and promote its uniform fluidization; at the same time, the exciting force generated by vibration is used to throw fine ore powder, thereby controlling the residence time of ore powders of different particle sizes and inhibiting the backmixing of materials with different reduction degrees. Compared with the existing fluidized bed reactor, it has significant advantages and has broad application prospects.

[0011] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor, the reactor comprising a reactor shell; a gas distribution component is arranged inside the reactor shell; a vibration component is symmetrically arranged outside the reactor shell;

[0013] A reducing gas inlet is provided at the lower end of the reactor shell; a gas outlet is provided at the top of the reactor shell;

[0014] A mineral powder inlet is provided on one side of the reactor shell, and a mineral powder outlet is provided on the other side.

[0015] The reactor of the present invention adopts the coupling of vibration and air flow, and uses the exciting force generated by vibration to toss the fine mineral powder, so that the fine mineral powder with different particle sizes can continuously move forward in the horizontal direction of the reactor at different speeds, thereby effectively controlling the residence time of the mineral powder with different particle sizes and suppressing the backmixing of materials with different reduction degrees. Finally, the fluidization quality of the fine-grained iron concentrate with a particle size of 0.03-1 mm is improved, the loss of fluidization caused by particle adhesion in a high-temperature environment is suppressed, and at the same time, its uniform fluidization is promoted, and the fine powder ore is directly reduced to solid sponge iron in a fluidized state, having broad application prospects.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the ratio of the length to the depth of the reactor shell is greater than 2, such as 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the above value range are equally applicable.

[0017] Preferably, the ratio of the depth to the height of the reactor shell is 0.5-1.5, such as 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the above value range are equally applicable.

[0018] Preferably, the reactor shell is a horizontal structure in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

[0019] It should be noted that the length of the reactor shell is much greater than the depth and height of the reactor shell; the length of the reactor shell refers to the size of the mineral powder continuously moving from the mineral powder inlet along the horizontal direction of the reactor shell to the mineral powder outlet; the height of the reactor shell refers to the size of the reactor shell in the vertical direction; the depth of the reactor shell refers to the size in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the mineral powder.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the gas distribution assembly includes a gas distribution plate.

[0021] In the present invention, the gas distribution plate can include any one of a porous plate type, a wind cap type, a nozzle type, a bubble cap type structure, etc., and is used to uniformly distribute the reducing gas and support the movement of the fine mineral powder particles.

[0022] Preferably, the vibration assembly includes a vibration motor.

[0023] Preferably, the vibration motors are symmetrically arranged on the front and back of the reactor shell to drive the entire reactor to vibrate.

[0024] It should be noted that the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibration motors of the present invention are adjustable. An integrated pressure sensor, a particle concentration sensor, and a speed sensor can be set, and the vibration parameters of the vibration motors can be dynamically adjusted through a feedback control algorithm.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reactor further includes a gas-solid separation unit, a preheating unit, and a heat exchange unit.

[0026] Preferably, the gas outlet is connected to the gas inlet of the gas-solid separation unit.

[0027] Preferably, the gas-solid separation unit includes an external cyclone separator.

[0028] In the present invention, the external cyclone separator is used to recover the fine-particle-size solid sponge iron and the fine ore powder to be reduced mixed in the gas outlet of the reactor.

[0029] Preferably, the preheating unit includes a first preheater and a second preheater.

[0030] Preferably, the first preheater is arranged on the reducing gas pipeline connected to the reducing gas inlet; the second preheater is arranged on the ore powder pipeline connected to the ore powder inlet.

[0031] It should be noted that the heat source of the preheater can be obtained by setting a hydrogen combustion heater outside the pipeline or setting an electric heater such as a microwave heater or an induction heater, or can be obtained by using the heat carried by the gas outlet of the reactor. The present invention does not make specific requirements and special limitations on the material and type of the preheater.

[0032] Preferably, the heat exchange unit includes a heat exchanger;

[0033] Preferably, the heat exchanger is arranged inside and / or outside the reactor shell.

[0034] It should be noted that in the present invention, the heat exchanger is used to continuously supply heat or remove heat from the reactor. Specifically, when the reducing gas is hydrogen or ammonia, the reduction reaction is an endothermic process, and continuous heat supply to the reactor is required. A hydrogen combustion heater or an electric heater such as a microwave heater or an induction heater can be set inside the reactor, or various heaters can be set outside the reactor, and a heat preservation layer and a heat insulation shell can be added.

[0035] Preferably, the reactor further includes a support base; the support base is arranged around and in the middle of the reactor and is placed on a horizontal ground to support the entire reactor.

[0036] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing iron by fluidized bed, and the method is carried out using the reactor described in the first aspect.

[0037] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method includes:

[0038] The ore powder enters the reactor through the ore powder inlet; the reducing gas enters the reactor through the reducing gas inlet, and after being evenly distributed by the gas distribution assembly, fluidizes the ore powder; the vibration assembly generates an exciting force to toss the ore powder, promotes the uniform fluidization of the ore powder, and enables the ore powder to move continuously forward along the horizontal direction of the reactor, and fully reacts with the reducing gas. During the process, the horizontal movement speed of the finer ore powder is faster than that of the coarser ore powder; the reacted ore powder is discharged from the ore powder outlet, and the gas is discharged from the gas outlet.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the particle size of the fine ore powder is 0.03 - 1 mm, preferably 0.03 - 0.5 mm.

[0040] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reducing gas includes any one or a combination of at least two of syngas, natural gas, hydrogen, or ammonia. Typical but non-limiting examples of the combination are: syngas and natural gas, natural gas and hydrogen, syngas and ammonia, natural gas and ammonia, etc. In the present invention, hydrogen and / or ammonia is a relatively preferred reducing gas.

[0041] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the linear velocity of the reducing gas passing through the gas distribution assembly is 2 - 20 times the minimum fluidization velocity of the ore powder, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the above numerical range are equally applicable.

[0042] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the vibration frequency of the vibration assembly is 2 - 50 Hz, such as 2 Hz, 4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz, 10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 25 Hz, 30 Hz, 35 Hz, 40 Hz, 45 Hz, 50 Hz, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the above numerical range are equally applicable.

[0043] The amplitude of the vibration assembly is 0.01 - 20 mm, such as 0.01 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the above numerical range are equally applicable.

[0044] In the present invention, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibration motor are within a defined range, and the generated exciting force can make the horizontal movement speed of the finer-sized ore powder faster than that of the coarser-sized ore powder, thereby accurately controlling the residence time of materials with different particle sizes and suppressing the backmixing of materials with different reduction degrees.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0046] (1) The horizontal vibration fluidized bed metallurgical reactor of the present invention uses the coupling of vibration and gas flow to improve the fluidization quality of fine-grained iron concentrate with a particle size of 0.03 - 1 mm, suppress the fluidization loss caused by particle adhesion between fine-grained iron concentrate with a particle size of 0.03 - 1 mm at high temperatures, and promote uniform fluidization;

[0047] (2) The present invention controls the residence time of materials with different particle sizes and suppresses the backmixing of materials with different reduction degrees by using the exciting force generated by vibration to toss the fine ore powder;

[0048] (3) The metallurgical reactor proposed by the present invention can effectively utilize a large amount of low-grade fine-grained iron concentrate in China, has significant advantages compared with the existing fluidized bed reactors, and has a wide application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal vibration fluidized bed metallurgical reactor provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal vibration fluidized bed metallurgical reactor provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal vibration fluidized bed metallurgical reactor provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0052] Among them, 1 - reactor shell; 2 - gas distribution plate; 3 - reducing gas inlet; 4 - first preheater; 5 - heat exchanger; 6 - ore powder inlet; 7 - second preheater; 8 - ore powder outlet; 9 - gas outlet; 10 - external cyclone separator; 11 - vibration motor; 12 - support base; 13: coarser-sized ore powder; 14 - finer-sized ore powder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0053] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and through specific embodiments. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the patent protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] This embodiment provides a horizontal vibration fluidized bed metallurgical reactor, asFigure 1 As shown in the figure, the reactor includes a reactor housing 1, and a gas distribution assembly is arranged inside the reactor housing 1; vibration assemblies are symmetrically arranged outside the reactor housing;

[0056] A reducing gas inlet 3 is arranged at the lower end of the reactor housing 1; a gas outlet 9 is arranged at the top of the reactor housing; a mineral powder inlet 6 is arranged on one side of the reactor housing 1, and a mineral powder outlet 8 is arranged on the other side;

[0057] The ratio of the length to the depth of the reactor housing is 10; the ratio of the depth to the height of the reactor housing is 0.5;

[0058] The gas distribution assembly includes a gas distribution plate 2; the vibration assembly includes a vibration motor 11;

[0059] The reactor further includes a gas-solid separation unit, a preheating unit and a heat exchange unit; the gas outlet 9 is connected to the gas inlet of the gas-solid separation unit; the gas-solid separation unit includes an external cyclone separator 10; the preheating unit includes a first preheater 4 and a second preheater 7; the first preheater 4 is arranged on the reducing gas pipeline connected to the reducing gas inlet 3; the second preheater 7 is arranged on the mineral powder pipeline connected to the mineral powder inlet 6; the heat exchange unit includes a heat exchanger 5; the heat exchanger 5 is arranged inside and / or around the reactor housing 1; the reactor further includes a support base 12.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This example provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor, which is only different from Example 1 in that the first preheater 4 raises the temperature of the reducing gas to the reduction temperature by the heat carried by the gas outlet 9; the second preheater 7 raises the temperature of the mineral powder 13 and 14 to the reduction temperature by the heat carried by the gas outlet 9, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] This example provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor, which is only different from Example 1 in that the vibration frequency and amplitude parameters of the vibration motor 11 are dynamically adjusted by integrating a pressure sensor, a particle concentration sensor and a speed sensor and using a feedback control algorithm, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] This example provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor, as Figure 2 shown, which is only different from Example 1 in that the heat exchanger 5 is a combination of a hydrogen combustion heater and an induction electric heater, is placed outside the reactor, and a heat preservation layer and a heat insulation housing are added, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] This example provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor. As Figure 3 shown, the difference from Example 1 is only that the reactor does not have a second preheater 7, and the ore powder 13 and 14 at room temperature directly enter the reactor from the ore powder inlet 6 and are heated up in the reactor, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] This comparative example provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor. The difference from Example 1 is only that the reactor does not have a vibration assembly, and only under the action of the reducing gas, the ore powder is fluidized, and the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0070] Preparation Example 1

[0071] This preparation example provides a method for fluidized bed reduction ironmaking, which is carried out using the horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor described in Example 1, and includes:

[0072] The ore powder with a particle size of 0.03 - 1 mm enters the reactor from the ore powder inlet 6; hydrogen enters the reactor from the reducing gas inlet 3, and after being evenly distributed by the gas distribution assembly, fluidizes the ore powder; the vibration assembly generates an exciting force to toss the ore powder, promotes the uniform fluidization of the ore powder, and enables the ore powder to move continuously forward along the horizontal direction of the reactor, and fully reacts with the reducing gas. During the process, the horizontal movement speed of the finer ore powder is faster than that of the coarser ore powder; the reacted ore powder is discharged from the ore powder outlet 8, and the gas is discharged from the gas outlet 9;

[0073] Among them, the linear velocity of the reducing gas passing through the gas distribution assembly is 6 times the minimum fluidization velocity of the ore powder; the vibration frequency of the vibration assembly is 20 Hz, and the amplitude is 5 mm.

[0074] Preparation Example 2

[0075] This preparation example provides a method for fluidized bed reduction ironmaking, which is carried out using the horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor described in Example 1. The difference from Preparation Example 1 is only that the particle size of the ore powder is 0.03 - 0.5 mm, and the rest are the same as in Preparation Example 1.

[0076] Preparation Example 3

[0077] This preparation example provides a method for fluidized bed reduction ironmaking, which is carried out using the horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor described in Example 1. The difference from Preparation Example 1 is only that the reducing gas is ammonia, and the rest are the same as in Preparation Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Preparation Example 1

[0079] This comparative preparation example provides a method for reducing iron by fluidized bed, which is carried out using the horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor described in Example 1. The difference from Preparation Example 1 is only that the linear velocity of the reducing gas passing through the gas distribution component is 30 times the minimum fluidization velocity of the ore powder, and the rest are the same as Preparation Example 1.

[0080] From the comprehensive comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 1 at a steel metallurgy temperature of 700 °C, the fine-grained iron concentrate ore powder with a particle size of 0.03 - 1 mm quickly agglomerated and lost fluidization, and the system could not operate stably. However, the horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor of the present invention uses the coupling of vibration and air flow to improve the fluidization quality of the fine-grained iron concentrate ore powder with a particle size of 0.03 - 1 mm, inhibits the loss of fluidization caused by the agglomeration between particles of the fine-grained iron concentrate ore powder with a particle size of 0.03 - 1 mm in a high-temperature environment, and promotes its uniform fluidization, and the system can operate stably.

[0081] From the comprehensive comparison of Preparation Example 1 and Comparative Preparation Example 1, it can be seen that a large amount of un-reduced fine ore powder in Comparative Preparation Example 1 was directly discharged from the gas outlet, the solid content rate at the gas outlet was greater than 5%, the external cyclone separation load was large, and a large amount of un-reduced fine ore powder needed to be recycled and sent back to the reactor for reduction. However, the gas inlet velocity of the horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor of the present invention is gentle, and the solid content rate at the gas outlet is much less than 5%.

[0082] In summary, the present invention provides a horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor and a method for reducing iron. The vibration-generated exciting force is used to toss the ore powder, so that the ore powder with different particle sizes moves continuously forward in the horizontal direction of the reactor at different speeds, thereby avoiding the loss of fluidization caused by the agglomeration between particles of the fine-grained iron concentrate ore powder in a high-temperature environment, promoting uniform fluidization, controlling the residence time of the material at the same time, and inhibiting the backmixing of materials with different reduction degrees. The present invention can effectively utilize the fine-grained iron concentrate ore powder, inhibit the loss of fluidization due to fine powder agglomeration, accurately control the residence time of the material and inhibit the backmixing of iron ores with different reduction degrees, and has significant advantages and broad application prospects compared with the existing fluidized bed reactors.

[0083] The applicant declares that the above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention fall within the protection scope and the disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal vibrating fluidized bed metallurgical reactor, characterized in that: The reactor comprises a reactor shell; a gas distribution component is arranged inside the reactor shell; and a vibration component is symmetrically arranged outside the reactor shell; The lower end of the reactor shell is provided with a reducing gas inlet; the top of the reactor shell is provided with a gas outlet; A mineral powder inlet is arranged on one side of the reactor shell, and a mineral powder outlet is arranged on the other side.

2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The ratio of the length to the depth of the reactor shell is greater than 2; Preferably, the ratio of the depth to the height of the reactor shell is 0.5-1.

5.

3. The reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The gas distribution assembly includes a gas distribution plate; Preferably, the vibration assembly comprises a vibration motor.

4. The reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The reactor also includes a gas-solid separation unit, a preheating unit and a heat exchange unit; Preferably, the gas outlet is connected to the gas inlet of the gas-solid separation unit; Preferably, the gas-solid separation unit comprises an external cyclone separator; Preferably, the preheating unit comprises a first preheater and a second preheater; Preferably, the first preheater is arranged on the reducing gas pipeline connected to the reducing gas inlet; the second preheater is arranged on the mineral powder pipeline connected to the mineral powder inlet; Preferably, the heat exchange unit comprises a heat exchanger; Preferably, the heat exchanger is arranged inside and / or outside the reactor shell.

5. A fluidized bed reduction ironmaking method, characterized in that: The method is carried out using the reactor described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method comprises: Mineral powder enters the reactor from the mineral powder inlet; reducing gas enters the reactor from the reducing gas inlet, and after being evenly distributed by the gas distribution component, the mineral powder is fluidized; the vibration component generates an exciting force to throw the mineral powder, promotes the uniform fluidization of the mineral powder, and makes the mineral powder move forward continuously in the horizontal direction of the reactor to fully react with the reducing gas. During the process, the mineral powder with finer particle size moves horizontally faster than the mineral powder with coarser particle size; the reacted mineral powder is discharged from the mineral powder outlet, and the gas is discharged from the gas outlet.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The particle size of the fine mineral powder is 0.03-1 mm, preferably 0.03-0.5 mm.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The reducing gas includes any one of synthesis gas, natural gas, hydrogen or ammonia, or a combination of at least two thereof; Preferably, the reducing gas is hydrogen and / or ammonia.

9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: The linear velocity of the reducing gas passing through the gas distribution assembly is 2-20 times the minimum fluidization velocity of the mineral powder.

10. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that: The vibration frequency of the vibration component is 2-50 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.01-20 mm.

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