The present invention discloses an environmental energy-saving inorganic active wall thermal insulating material which is obtained by mixing plant protein fiber, perlite, fiber brucite, tripolite, attapugite, gypsum, cement, methyl cellulose, lemon acid, dodecyl sodium sulfate and active inorganic filler. The material is added with appropriate water and mixed to paste after conveying to the construction site, and is painted to the base surface of the wall according to the project construction request, and can have a heat preserving function after drying. The material has the characters of convenient transportation, easy construction technique, low cost at unit area, innocuity, environment protection, light weight, fire prevention, sound insulating, heat insulating, low thermal conducting coefficient, quick solidifying, high intensity, low shrinking, excellent adhesive property and long service lifetime, after testing each performance index obtains and exceeds the national relative standard request. The material is suitable for the heat preserving of the exterior wall, building roof, balcony and staircase, and is also suitable for the heat preserving of the boiler and pipeline.