A safety protection circuit and electronic fuse for AC and DC dual-purposes

Abstract

The present invention discloses an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit and an electronic fuse. The safety protection circuit includes a monitoring and driving module and a safety protection module. The first end of the monitoring and driving module and the first end of the safety protection module are both connected to the positive pole of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring and driving module is electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module; the third end of the safety protection module is connected to the negative pole of the power supply; the monitoring and driving module is configured to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit and, when determining that the line current meets a safety control condition, generate a safety drive signal corresponding to the line current; and the safety protection module is configured to perform a safety control operation based on the safety drive signal, wherein the safety control operation is configured to disconnect the connection circuit between the safety protection circuit and the power supply. It can be seen that the implementation of the present invention can simplify the design circuit of the electronic fuse, reduce its production cost, and improve the electronic fuse's anti-electromagnetic and anti-interference capabilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrical system protection, and in particular to an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit and an electronic fuse. Background Art

[0002] In the field of electrical system protection, although traditional mechanical fuses have a certain protective effect, they have gradually failed to meet the needs of modern high-demand circuit protection because they need to be replaced frequently and their performance is limited under certain conditions.

[0003] While electronic fuses are an emerging technology, they offer fast response and resettability. However, compared to traditional mechanical fuses, they have more complex circuit designs and higher manufacturing costs. Furthermore, due to their electronic control characteristics, electronic fuses can cause electromagnetic interference, potentially affecting the normal operation of other electronic components. Furthermore, conventional electronic fuses often rely on external power or grounding, which poses a barrier to use in certain applications. Therefore, it is crucial to provide a solution to the technical problems existing with electronic fuses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit and an electronic fuse, which can simplify the design circuit of the electronic fuse, reduce its production cost, and improve the anti-electromagnetic and anti-interference capabilities of the electronic fuse.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention discloses an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit, which includes a monitoring and driving module and a safety protection module, wherein:

[0006] The first end of the monitoring and driving module and the first end of the safety protection module are both used to connect to the positive pole of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring and driving module is electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module; the third end of the safety protection module is used to connect to the negative pole of the power supply;

[0007] The monitoring and driving module is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit; and when it is determined that the line current meets the preset safety control conditions, generate a safety driving signal corresponding to the line current;

[0008] The safety protection module is configured to perform a safety control operation according to the safety drive signal after receiving the safety drive signal, wherein the safety control operation is configured to cut off the connection circuit between the safety protection circuit and the power supply.

[0009] As an optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the monitoring and driving module includes a monitoring submodule and a driving submodule, wherein:

[0010] The first end of the monitoring submodule and the first end of the driving submodule are both used to connect to the positive pole of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring submodule and the second end of the driving submodule are both electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module;

[0011] The monitoring submodule is configured to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit and transmit current information of the line current to the driving submodule; the current information is configured to indicate a current state of the line current, wherein the current state includes a normal state or an abnormal state, and the abnormal state includes an overload or a short circuit;

[0012] The driving submodule is configured to generate a safety driving signal corresponding to the current information when the current information indicates that a preset safety control condition is satisfied;

[0013] The current information indicating that the preset safety control condition is satisfied specifically includes that the current information indicates that the line current has the overload or the short circuit.

[0014] As an optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the monitoring submodule includes a voltage sampling resistor, a filter capacitor, a voltage stabilizing resistor, and a first voltage stabilizing diode, wherein:

[0015] The first end of the voltage sampling resistor, the first end of the filter capacitor, and the positive electrode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode are all used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply; the negative electrode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage-stabilizing resistor; the second end of the voltage sampling resistor, the second end of the filter capacitor, and the second end of the voltage-stabilizing resistor are all electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module;

[0016] The voltage sampling resistor is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit;

[0017] The filter capacitor is used to filter the input voltage of the power supply to eliminate the extremely narrow pulses existing in the safety protection circuit;

[0018] The first voltage stabilizing diode is used to perform rectification and / or voltage stabilization processing on the input voltage;

[0019] The voltage-stabilizing resistor is used to perform current limiting and voltage division processing on the input voltage.

[0020] As an optional embodiment, in the first aspect of the present invention, the driving submodule includes a resonance unit and a target transistor, and the safety protection module includes a voltage stabilization submodule, a control submodule and a protection submodule, wherein:

[0021] The first end of the resonance unit is used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply; the second end of the voltage sampling resistor and the second end of the resonance unit are both electrically connected to the first end of the protection submodule; the third end of the resonance unit is electrically connected to the base of the target transistor; the fourth end of the resonance unit and the collector of the target transistor are both electrically connected to the first end of the voltage stabilization submodule;

[0022] The emitter of the target transistor and the first end of the control submodule are electrically connected to the second end of the protection submodule; the second end of the control submodule is electrically connected to the second end of the voltage stabilizing submodule; and the third end of the voltage stabilizing submodule is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule.

[0023] As an optional implementation manner, in the first aspect of the present invention, the resonance unit is used to adjust the oscillation frequency of the safety protection circuit;

[0024] The target transistor is configured to perform state switching according to the line current fed back by the voltage sampling resistor, and generate a target signal for the protection submodule according to the corresponding state switching result; the state switching is configured to switch the target transistor between an on state and an off state; and the target signal includes a drive signal corresponding to the on state or an off signal corresponding to the off state;

[0025] The voltage stabilizing submodule is used to perform voltage stabilization processing on the current flowing through the voltage stabilizing submodule;

[0026] The control submodule is used to adjust the maintenance working time of the protection submodule;

[0027] The protection submodule is configured to switch the protection submodule from the on state to the off state according to the driving signal when the target transistor is switched to the on state;

[0028] The protection submodule is further configured to switch the protection submodule from the disconnected state to the connected state according to the cutoff signal when the target transistor is switched to the cutoff state.

[0029] As an optional embodiment, in the first aspect of the present invention, the target transistor is a PNP transistor or an NPN transistor; and when the target transistor is a PNP transistor, the voltage stabilizing submodule includes a second voltage stabilizing diode; and the control submodule includes a first control capacitor, wherein:

[0030] The collector of the target transistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode; the positive electrode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule and the negative electrode of the control capacitor respectively; the emitter of the target transistor and the positive electrode of the first control capacitor are both used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply.

[0031] As an optional embodiment, in the first aspect of the present invention, when the target transistor is an NPN transistor, the voltage stabilizing submodule includes a third voltage stabilizing diode; and the control submodule includes a second control capacitor, wherein:

[0032] The collector of the target transistor is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode; the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule and the positive electrode of the control capacitor respectively; the emitter of the target transistor and the negative electrode of the second control capacitor are both used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply.

[0033] As an optional embodiment, in the first aspect of the present invention, the protection submodule includes a first relay or a second relay; the first relay includes an alarm output function, and the second relay does not include the alarm output function;

[0034] The protection submodule is also used to output an alarm signal corresponding to the line current when the protection submodule is the first relay and when the target transistor is switched to the on state, to prompt that there is a current overload or current short circuit in the safety protection circuit.

[0035] As an optional implementation, in the first aspect of the present invention, the protection submodule includes a target MOS transistor, a current limiting resistor, and a voltage divider resistor, wherein:

[0036] The source of the target MOS transistor is used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply; the gate of the target MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the current limiting resistor and the first end of the voltage dividing resistor respectively; the drain of the target MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage sampling resistor, the first end of the voltage stabilizing resistor, and the first end of the resonant unit respectively;

[0037] The second end of the current limiting resistor is used to be grounded; the second end of the voltage dividing resistor is used to be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply;

[0038] The target MOS transistor is configured to switch the target MOS transistor from the on state to the off state according to the drive signal when the target triode is switched to the on state; and further configured to switch the target MOS transistor from the off state to the on state according to the drive signal when the target triode is switched to the off state;

[0039] The current limiting resistor is used to perform a current limiting operation on the current flowing through the target MOS transistor to protect the target MOS transistor;

[0040] The voltage-dividing resistor is used to perform a voltage-dividing operation on the current flowing through the target MOS transistor, and is also used to control the on-off of the target MOS transistor.

[0041] A second aspect of the present invention discloses an electronic fuse, comprising a device body, and the electronic fuse comprises the AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit is provided, which includes a monitoring and driving module and a safety protection module, wherein: the first end of the monitoring and driving module and the first end of the safety protection module are both used to connect to the positive pole of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring and driving module is electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module; the third end of the safety protection module is used to connect to the negative pole of the power supply; the monitoring and driving module is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit; and when it is determined that the line current meets the preset safety control conditions, it generates a safety drive signal corresponding to the line current; the safety protection module is used to perform a safety control operation according to the safety drive signal after receiving the safety drive signal, and the safety control operation is used to cut off the connection circuit between the safety protection circuit and the power supply. It can be seen that the implementation of the present invention can monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit in real time, thereby improving the timeliness of line current monitoring; when the line current exceeds the safety control condition, it can quickly generate a corresponding safety drive signal, thereby driving the safety protection module to perform safety control operations, thereby improving the response speed to abnormal situations in the safety protection circuit; through the coordinated work of the monitoring and driving module and the safety protection module, effective monitoring and safety supervision of the line current are achieved, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the use of the safety protection circuit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of an electronic fuse disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] The terms "first," "second," and so on, in the description and claims of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish between different items, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or end comprising a series of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements but may optionally include steps or elements not listed therein, or may optionally include other steps or elements inherent to such process, method, product, or end.

[0054] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0055] The present invention discloses an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit and electronic fuse, which can monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit in real time, improving the timeliness of line current monitoring. When the line current exceeds the safety control condition, it can quickly generate a corresponding safety drive signal, thereby driving the safety protection module to perform safety control operations, improving the response speed to abnormal conditions in the safety protection circuit. Through the coordinated operation of the monitoring and drive module and the safety protection module, effective monitoring and safety supervision of the line current are achieved, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the safety protection circuit. Detailed descriptions are given below.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit described can be applied to electronic fuses, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit may include a monitoring and driving module 10 and a safety protection module 20, wherein:

[0058] The first end of the monitoring and driving module 10 and the first end of the safety protection module 20 are both used to connect to the positive pole of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring and driving module 10 is electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module 20; the third end of the safety protection module 20 is used to connect to the negative pole of the power supply;

[0059] The monitoring and driving module 10 is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit; and when it is determined that the line current meets the preset safety control conditions, generate a safety driving signal corresponding to the line current;

[0060] The safety protection module 20 is used to perform a safety control operation according to the safety drive signal after receiving the safety drive signal. The safety control operation is used to cut off the connection circuit between the safety protection circuit and the power supply.

[0061] It can be seen that implementation Figure 1 The described AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit can monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit in real time, improving the timeliness of line current monitoring; when the line current exceeds the safety control condition, it can quickly generate a corresponding safety drive signal, thereby driving the safety protection module to perform safety control operations, improving the response speed to abnormal conditions in the safety protection circuit; through the coordinated work of the monitoring and drive module and the safety protection module, effective monitoring and safety supervision of the line current are achieved, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the safety protection circuit.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring and driving module 10 includes a monitoring submodule 101 and a driving submodule 102, wherein:

[0063] The first end of the monitoring submodule 101 and the first end of the driving submodule 102 are both used to connect to the positive pole of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring submodule 101 and the second end of the driving submodule 102 are both electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module 20;

[0064] The monitoring submodule 101 is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit and transmit the current information of the line current to the driving submodule 102; the current information is used to indicate the current state of the line current, which includes a normal state or an abnormal state, and an abnormal state includes an overload or a short circuit;

[0065] The driving submodule 102 is configured to generate a safety driving signal corresponding to the current information when the current information indicates that a preset safety control condition is satisfied;

[0066] The current information indicates that the preset safety control conditions are met, specifically including that the current information indicates that the line current is overloaded or short-circuited.

[0067] It can be seen that in this optional embodiment, by subdividing the monitoring and driving modules into monitoring sub-modules and driving sub-modules, refined monitoring and conditional driving of the line current of the safety protection circuit are achieved; specifically: the monitoring sub-module can accurately capture the current state of the line current in the safety protection circuit, including normal and abnormal (such as overload, short circuit), and transmit real-time current information to the driving sub-module; the driving sub-module makes intelligent judgments on the conditions based on the preset safety control conditions, and quickly generates corresponding safety driving signals after determining that the safety control conditions are met, so as to immediately trigger the safety protection operation when the current abnormality is detected; this solution not only improves the accuracy and response speed of current monitoring, but also ensures the efficient and stable operation of the safety protection circuit under complex working conditions, further enhancing the safety and reliability of the circuit.

[0068] In another alternative embodiment, see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring submodule 101 may include a voltage sampling resistor R1, a filter capacitor C1, a voltage stabilizing resistor R2, and a first voltage stabilizing diode D1, wherein:

[0069] The first end of the voltage sampling resistor R1, the first end of the filter capacitor C1, and the positive electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode D1 are all used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply; the negative electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage stabilizing resistor R2; the second end of the voltage sampling resistor R1, the second end of the filter capacitor C1, and the second end of the voltage stabilizing resistor R2 are all electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module 20;

[0070] Voltage sampling resistor R1 is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit;

[0071] Filter capacitor C1 is used to filter the input voltage of the power supply to eliminate the extremely narrow pulses existing in the safety protection circuit;

[0072] A first voltage stabilizing diode D1 is used to rectify and / or stabilize the input voltage;

[0073] The voltage-stabilizing resistor R2 is used to perform current limiting and voltage division processing on the input voltage.

[0074] In this optional embodiment, the positive pole of the power supply corresponds to Figure 3 The DC line in the power supply corresponds to the negative pole of the power supply. Figure 3 The DC output line in Figure 4 、 Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 The DC input line in the figure refers to the positive pole of the power supply, and the DC output line refers to the negative pole of the power supply. They will not be described in detail later.

[0075] It can be seen that in this optional embodiment, a high-performance monitoring sub-module is constructed by introducing a voltage sampling resistor, a filter capacitor, a zener resistor and a first zener diode. Specifically: the voltage sampling resistor can accurately monitor the line current to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of current monitoring; the filter capacitor can effectively eliminate extremely narrow pulses in the input voltage and improve circuit stability; the first zener diode can realize rectification and voltage stabilization functions to ensure the reliable operation of the monitoring sub-module within a wide voltage range; the zener resistor provides current limiting and voltage division processing to protect subsequent circuits from high voltage shocks; through the subdivided components of the monitoring sub-module, not only the anti-interference ability and working stability of the monitoring sub-module are enhanced, but also the overall performance and safety of the safety protection circuit are improved.

[0076] In another optional embodiment, Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the driving submodule 102 includes a resonant unit LRC and a target transistor Q1, and the safety protection module 20 includes a voltage stabilizing submodule 201, a control submodule 202 and a protection submodule 203, wherein:

[0077] The first end of the resonance unit LRC is used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply; the second end of the voltage sampling resistor R1 and the second end of the resonance unit LRC are both electrically connected to the first end of the protection submodule 203; the third end of the resonance unit LRC is electrically connected to the base of the target transistor Q1; the fourth end of the resonance unit LRC and the collector of the target transistor Q1 are both electrically connected to the first end of the voltage stabilization submodule 201;

[0078] The emitter of the target transistor Q1 and the first end of the control submodule 202 are electrically connected to the second end of the protection submodule 203; the second end of the control submodule 202 is electrically connected to the second end of the voltage stabilizing submodule 201; the third end of the voltage stabilizing submodule 201 is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule 203.

[0079] In this alternative embodiment, see Figure 3 The resonant unit LRC may specifically include a resonant capacitor C4, a resonant resistor R5, and a resonant inductor L1, wherein the resonant inductor L1 corresponds to the primary inductance of the transformer T1. Furthermore, the resonant unit LRC is used to adjust the oscillation frequency of the safety protection circuit.

[0080] The target transistor Q1 is used to perform state switching based on the line current fed back by the voltage sampling resistor R1, and generate a target signal for the protection submodule 203 based on the corresponding state switching result; the state switching is used to switch the target transistor Q1 between the on state and the off state; the target signal includes a drive signal corresponding to the on state or a cutoff signal corresponding to the off state.

[0081] The voltage stabilizing submodule 201 is configured to perform voltage stabilization processing on the current flowing through the voltage stabilizing submodule 201 .

[0082] The control submodule 202 is used to adjust the maintenance working time of the protection submodule 203.

[0083] The protection submodule 203 is configured to switch the protection submodule 203 from the on state to the off state according to the driving signal when the target transistor Q1 is switched to the on state.

[0084] The protection submodule 203 is further configured to switch the protection submodule 203 from the disconnected state to the on state according to the cutoff signal when the target transistor Q1 is switched to the cutoff state.

[0085] It can be seen that in this optional embodiment, by integrating the resonance unit, the target transistor and the multifunctional safety protection module, high-precision control and rapid response of the safety protection circuit are achieved. Specifically: the resonance unit can adjust the circuit oscillation frequency and optimize the circuit performance; the target transistor can switch the state in real time according to the line current, and synchronously and accurately generate the driving or cut-off signal, thereby realizing the intelligent control of the safety protection circuit; the voltage stabilizing submodule can ensure the stability of the circuit voltage and improve the reliability of the safety protection circuit; the control submodule can flexibly adjust the maintenance working time of the protection module, which is conducive to enhancing the adaptability and practicality of the safety protection circuit; the protection submodule can quickly switch the path and disconnection state according to the signal of the target transistor, and accurately and quickly realize the overload and short-circuit protection of the circuit; through the subdivision of the driving submodule and the safety protection module, not only the reaction speed and protection accuracy of the safety protection circuit are improved, but also the stable operation of the circuit under various working conditions is ensured, further improving the overall safety performance of the safety protection circuit.

[0086] In another optional embodiment, Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, the target transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor or an NPN transistor; and as Figure 3 As shown, when the target transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, the voltage stabilizing submodule 201 includes a second voltage stabilizing diode D2; the control submodule 202 includes a first control capacitor C2, wherein:

[0087] The collector of the target transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode D2; the anode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode D2 is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule 203 and the cathode of the control capacitor respectively; the emitter of the target transistor Q1 and the anode of the first control capacitor C2 are both used to connect to the anode of the power supply.

[0088] In this optional embodiment, optionally, as Figure 4 As shown, when the target transistor Q1 is an NPN transistor, the voltage stabilizing submodule 201 includes a third voltage stabilizing diode D3; the control submodule 202 includes a second control capacitor C3, wherein:

[0089] The collector of the target transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode D3; the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode D2 is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule 203 and the positive electrode of the control capacitor respectively; the emitter of the target transistor Q1 and the negative electrode of the second control capacitor C3 are both used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply.

[0090] In this optional embodiment, when the target transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor, a germanium PNP transistor ( Figure 3is the germanium PNP transistor); when the target transistor Q1 is an NPN transistor, a silicon NPN transistor can be selected ( Figure 4 , the silicon NPN transistor is shown in FIG. ); wherein, for different types of transistors, corresponding adapted components and device connection relationships are provided, namely, the second Zener diode D2, the third Zener diode D3, and the first control capacitor C2, the second control capacitor C3, which can flexibly and accurately adjust their connection relationship with the transistors, thereby ensuring the operational stability of the safety protection circuit while improving the configuration flexibility of the safety protection circuit.

[0091] It can be seen that in this optional embodiment, by flexibly selecting PNP or NPN transistors as target transistors and specifically designing voltage stabilization and control submodules, wider compatibility and fine control of the safety protection circuit are achieved; specifically: when the target transistor is PNP type, the second voltage stabilizing diode can effectively stabilize the collector voltage to ensure that the target transistor operates within the safe working area; the first control capacitor provides the necessary phase delay and stabilization effect, further optimizing the performance of the control submodule; through the refined components of the voltage stabilizing submodule, not only the adaptability and flexibility of the safety protection circuit are enhanced, but also the response speed and protection efficiency of the safety protection circuit are improved.

[0092] In another alternative embodiment, see Figure 5 , Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 、 Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, the protection submodule 203 includes a first relay K1 or a second relay K2; Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 The first relay K1 includes an alarm output function, and the second relay K2 does not include an alarm output function;

[0093] The protection submodule 203 is further configured to output an alarm signal corresponding to the line current when the protection submodule 203 is the first relay K1 and when the target transistor Q1 is switched to the on state, to prompt that the safety protection circuit has a current overload or a current short circuit.

[0094] In this optional embodiment, the first relay K1 and the second relay K2 can be selected from suitable low-voltage magnetic latching relays or conventional ordinary relays according to actual use requirements to ensure that they can withstand the expected maximum current and operate quickly. Furthermore, the first relay K1 adopts a double-pole double-throw type, in which one set of contacts is used to conduct current and the other set is used to output alarm signals. For details on the specific structures of these two types of relays, please refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 ,in, Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 The first relay K1 is used; Figure 5 Relay K2 is used in the circuit.

[0095] In this optional embodiment, the normally closed contacts of the first relay K1 are 9 and 10, and 3 and 4. When the current in the circuit does not exceed the set threshold, the first relay K1 does not operate, that is, contact 9 attracts contact 10, and contact 3 attracts contact 4. When the current in the safety protection circuit exceeds the set threshold, the first relay K1 operates, contact 9 attracts contact 8, and contact 4 attracts contact 5, thereby disconnecting the power supply current to the safety protection circuit.

[0096] In this optional embodiment, when the current in the circuit does not exceed the set threshold, Figure 5 The second relay K2 does not operate, that is, contact 3 attracts contact 5. When the current in the safety protection circuit exceeds the set threshold, the second relay K2 operates, contact 3 attracts contact 2, thereby disconnecting the power supply current to the safety protection circuit.

[0097] It should be noted that when manual reset is not required, a standard relay can be used. When alarm output is not required, a single-pole double-throw relay can be used to reduce size and cost. Furthermore, the selected relay must be a fast-acting relay.

[0098] It can be seen that in this optional embodiment, by introducing a first relay with an alarm output function, or selecting a second relay without an alarm function as a protection sub-module, flexible configuration and diversified application of the safety protection circuit are achieved; specifically: when the first relay is selected, once a current overload or short circuit is detected, the protection sub-module not only quickly cuts off the circuit, but also immediately outputs an alarm signal to promptly notify the operator or system, so as to facilitate rapid fault location and take corresponding measures; this solution not only enhances the fault response capability of the safety protection circuit, but also improves the overall safety and maintainability of the circuit system.

[0099] In another optional embodiment, the first relay K1 or the second relay K2 may be further provided with a reset button, which is used to perform reset control on the relay K1 or the second relay K2. Specifically, when the user presses the reset button, the relay contacts can be reopened in a no-current state.

[0100] It should be noted that the reset button can be directly configured on the first relay K1 or the second relay K2, or can be connected to the first relay K1 or the second relay K2 as an external button. The setting of the reset button can be adjusted as needed, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit it.

[0101] In this optional embodiment, it should be noted that the overall safety protection circuit utilizes a combination of an RLC multivibrator circuit (corresponding to the above-mentioned monitoring and drive module) and a low-operating-voltage magnetic latching relay (such as 2-3 volts) (corresponding to the above-mentioned safety protection module) to achieve a circuit protection function without the need for external voltage and grounding, thereby significantly improving the reliability and application flexibility of the circuit protection.

[0102] Furthermore, this dual-purpose AC / DC safety protection circuit differs from existing electronic fuses, which use PMOS or NMOS switching elements. Due to production process limitations, these switches only operate within a specific voltage range, resulting in limited versatility. However, the subdivided circuit structure of this dual-purpose AC / DC safety protection circuit achieves the technical benefits of AC / DC compatibility, a wide operating voltage range, and a large dynamic range. Furthermore, the safety protection circuit can be connected in series with either the positive or negative terminal (in a DC system), overcoming the drawback of existing electronic fuses that require power from the protection system and resolving the issue of electronic fuse failure when the power supply system deviates from the operating voltage.

[0103] In this optional embodiment, the detection and control circuit in the safety protection circuit can achieve "floating" operation and is not limited by the working voltage and working current; at the same time, relays are used as contacts, and the on-resistance is very small, which can be ignored in most situations. This design enables the safety protection circuit to adapt to high current and high voltage application scenarios.

[0104] In this alternative embodiment, existing electronic fuses are limited in the current and voltage they can withstand, otherwise they could damage the fuse itself. This solution uses a Joule's thief circuit. As long as the voltage across the sense resistor (the aforementioned voltage sampling resistor) reaches 0.04 volts, the relay can be activated. This minimizes voltage drop and losses.

[0105] In this optional embodiment, existing electronic fuses all use low-power switching tubes as outputs, which are limited in current polarity and magnitude. This solution can achieve non-polarity alarm signal output and large contact current.

[0106] In this optional embodiment, the design of the safety protection circuit can automatically resume operation after the fault is eliminated, eliminating the trouble of replacing the fuse, and realizing the function of self-recovery (optional) or manual intervention recovery.

[0107] In this optional embodiment, the safety protection circuit is simple and has strong anti-interference capabilities. It is "immune" to common EMI interference, making this solution lower in cost compared to similar products. Existing electronic fuses are more expensive and are mainly used in high-priced products such as automobiles.

[0108] In another alternative embodiment, see Figure 6 , Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 As shown, the protection submodule 203 includes a target MOS transistor Q2, a current limiting resistor R3 and a voltage dividing resistor R4, wherein:

[0109] The source of the target MOS transistor Q2 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply; the gate of the target MOS transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the first end of the current limiting resistor R3 and the first end of the voltage dividing resistor R4 respectively; the drain of the target MOS transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage sampling resistor R1, the first end of the voltage stabilizing resistor R2, and the first end of the resonant unit LRC respectively;

[0110] The second end of the current limiting resistor R3 is used for grounding; the second end of the voltage dividing resistor R4 is used for connecting to the negative electrode of the power supply;

[0111] a target MOS transistor Q2, configured to switch the target MOS transistor Q2 from the on state to the off state according to a driving signal when the target triode Q1 is switched to the on state; and further configured to switch the target MOS transistor Q2 from the off state to the on state according to a driving signal when the target triode Q1 is switched to the off state;

[0112] The current limiting resistor R3 is used to limit the current flowing through the target MOS transistor Q2 to protect the target MOS transistor Q2;

[0113] The voltage dividing resistor R4 is used to perform a voltage dividing operation on the current flowing through the target MOS transistor Q2 and is also used to control the on / off of the target MOS transistor Q2.

[0114] In this optional embodiment, specifically, the target MOS transistor Q2 may be a PMOS transistor.

[0115] It can be seen that in this optional embodiment, PMOS tube control is provided, which is different from relay control. The replacement of this component enables the safety protection circuit to adapt to scenarios with microsecond response. Specifically: by introducing a protection sub-module consisting of a target MOS tube, a current-limiting resistor, and a voltage-dividing resistor, high-precision control and reliable protection of the safety protection circuit are achieved; wherein, the target MOS tube can switch the signal according to the state of the target transistor to accurately control the on and off of the circuit, and the target MOS tube can adapt to scenarios and requirements with microsecond response and can effectively respond to current overload or short circuit conditions; the current-limiting resistor can effectively limit the current flowing through the target MOS tube to prevent it from overheating and damage, thereby enhancing the overall safety of the safety protection circuit; the voltage-dividing resistor can not only provide the necessary voltage dividing function, but also participate in controlling the on-off logic of the target MOS tube, which is beneficial to improving the operational stability of the safety protection circuit; through this solution, not only the response speed and protection accuracy of the safety protection circuit are improved, but also the reliability and durability of the circuit are significantly enhanced.

[0116] The working principle of the AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0117] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the safety protection circuit is normally connected to the power supply voltage of the power supply, the line current of the safety protection circuit can be monitored in real time through the monitoring and driving module, specifically including monitoring the size of the line current and the current change; at the same time, the current size is executed based on the set safety control conditions, and when it is determined that the line current meets the safety control conditions, a corresponding safety drive signal can be quickly generated, and the safety protection is controlled based on the safety drive signal to perform a safety control operation, thereby switching the path between the overall safety protection circuit and the power supply, that is, realizing rapid and accurate power-off protection of the safety protection circuit against current abnormalities.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic fuse disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 The electronic fuse described can be applied to equipment / devices that require circuit safety monitoring, such as power cable monitoring equipment, transmission line monitoring equipment, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, the electronic fuse may include the AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for a detailed description of the electronic fuse, please refer to the specific description of the relevant content in the first embodiment, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0120] It can be seen that implementation Figure 7The described electronic fuse can monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit in real time, improving the timeliness of line current monitoring; when the line current exceeds the safety control condition, it can quickly generate a corresponding safety drive signal, thereby driving the safety protection module to perform safety control operations, improving the response speed to abnormal conditions in the safety protection circuit; through the coordinated work of the monitoring and drive module and the safety protection module, effective monitoring and safety supervision of the line current are achieved, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the safety protection circuit.

[0121] The above is a detailed introduction to an AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit and an electronic fuse disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. However, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the ideas of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A safety protection circuit for AC and DC, characterized in that: The safety protection circuit includes a monitoring and driving module and a safety protection module, wherein: The first end of the monitoring and driving module and the first end of the safety protection module are both used to connect to the first end of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring and driving module is electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module; the third end of the safety protection module is used to connect to the second end of the power supply; The monitoring and driving module is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit; and when it is determined that the line current meets the preset safety control conditions, generate a safety driving signal corresponding to the line current; The safety protection module is configured to, after receiving the safety drive signal, perform a safety control operation according to the safety drive signal, wherein the safety control operation is configured to cut off the connection circuit between the safety protection circuit and the power supply; The monitoring and driving module includes a monitoring submodule and a driving submodule, wherein: The first end of the monitoring submodule and the first end of the driving submodule are both used to connect to the first end of the power supply; the second end of the monitoring submodule and the second end of the driving submodule are both electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module; The monitoring submodule is configured to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit and transmit current information of the line current to the driving submodule; the current information is configured to indicate a current state of the line current, wherein the current state includes a normal state or an abnormal state, and the abnormal state includes an overload or a short circuit; The driving submodule is configured to generate a safety driving signal corresponding to the current information when the current information indicates that a preset safety control condition is satisfied; The current information indicating that the preset safety control condition is satisfied specifically includes that the current information indicates that the line current has the overload or the short circuit; The monitoring submodule includes a voltage sampling resistor, a filter capacitor, a voltage stabilizing resistor, and a first voltage stabilizing diode, wherein: The first end of the voltage sampling resistor, the first end of the filter capacitor, and the positive electrode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode are all used to connect to the first end of the power supply; the negative electrode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage-stabilizing resistor; the second end of the voltage sampling resistor, the second end of the filter capacitor, and the second end of the voltage-stabilizing resistor are all electrically connected to the second end of the safety protection module; The voltage sampling resistor is used to monitor the line current of the safety protection circuit; The filter capacitor is used to filter the input voltage of the power supply to eliminate the extremely narrow pulses existing in the safety protection circuit; The first voltage stabilizing diode is used to perform rectification and / or voltage stabilization processing on the input voltage; The voltage-stabilizing resistor is used to perform current limiting and voltage division processing on the input voltage.

2. The AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving submodule includes a resonance unit and a target transistor, and the safety protection module includes a voltage stabilization submodule, a control submodule and a protection submodule, wherein: The first end of the resonance unit is used to connect to the first end of the power supply; the second end of the voltage sampling resistor and the second end of the resonance unit are both electrically connected to the first end of the protection submodule; the third end of the resonance unit is electrically connected to the base of the target transistor; the fourth end of the resonance unit and the collector of the target transistor are both electrically connected to the first end of the voltage stabilization submodule; The emitter of the target transistor and the first end of the control submodule are electrically connected to the second end of the protection submodule; the second end of the control submodule is electrically connected to the second end of the voltage stabilizing submodule; and the third end of the voltage stabilizing submodule is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule.

3. The AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The resonance unit is used to adjust the oscillation frequency of the safety protection circuit; The target transistor is configured to perform state switching according to the line current fed back by the voltage sampling resistor, and generate a target signal for the protection submodule according to the corresponding state switching result; the state switching is configured to switch the target transistor between an on state and an off state; and the target signal includes a drive signal corresponding to the on state or an off signal corresponding to the off state; The voltage stabilizing submodule is used to perform voltage stabilization processing on the current flowing through the voltage stabilizing submodule; The control submodule is used to adjust the maintenance working time of the protection submodule; The protection submodule is configured to switch the protection submodule from the on state to the off state according to the driving signal when the target transistor is switched to the on state; The protection submodule is further configured to switch the protection submodule from the disconnected state to the connected state according to the cutoff signal when the target transistor is switched to the cutoff state.

4. The AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The target transistor is a PNP transistor or an NPN transistor; and when the target transistor is a PNP transistor, the voltage stabilizing submodule includes a second voltage stabilizing diode; the control submodule includes a first control capacitor, wherein: The collector of the target transistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode; the positive electrode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule and the negative electrode of the control capacitor respectively; the emitter of the target transistor and the positive electrode of the first control capacitor are both used to connect to the first end of the power supply.

5. The AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the target transistor is an NPN transistor, the voltage stabilizing submodule includes a third voltage stabilizing diode; the control submodule includes a second control capacitor, wherein: The collector of the target transistor is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode; the negative electrode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is electrically connected to the third end of the protection submodule and the positive electrode of the control capacitor respectively; the emitter of the target transistor and the negative electrode of the second control capacitor are both used to connect to the first end of the power supply.

6. The AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protection submodule includes a first relay or a second relay; the first relay includes an alarm output function, and the second relay does not include the alarm output function; The protection submodule is also used to output an alarm signal corresponding to the line current when the protection submodule is the first relay and when the target transistor is switched to the on state, to prompt that there is a current overload or current short circuit in the safety protection circuit.

7. The AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protection submodule includes a target MOS tube, a current limiting resistor and a voltage dividing resistor, wherein: The source of the target MOS transistor is used to connect to the first end of the power supply; the gate of the target MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the current limiting resistor and the first end of the voltage dividing resistor respectively; the drain of the target MOS transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage sampling resistor, the first end of the voltage stabilizing resistor, and the first end of the resonant unit respectively; The second end of the current limiting resistor is used for grounding; the second end of the voltage dividing resistor is used for connecting to the second end of the power supply; The target MOS transistor is configured to switch the target MOS transistor from the on state to the off state according to the drive signal when the target triode is switched to the on state; and further configured to switch the target MOS transistor from the off state to the on state according to the drive signal when the target triode is switched to the off state; The current limiting resistor is used to perform a current limiting operation on the current flowing through the target MOS transistor to protect the target MOS transistor; The voltage-dividing resistor is used to perform a voltage-dividing operation on the current flowing through the target MOS transistor, and is also used to control the on-off of the target MOS transistor.

8. An electronic fuse, characterized in that: The electronic fuse includes a device body, and the electronic fuse includes the AC / DC dual-purpose safety protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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