Intelligent fire extinguishing system and method based on tunnel flexible partition

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel fire prevention and control, and particularly discloses an intelligent fire extinguishing system and method based on a tunnel flexible partition, the intelligent fire extinguishing system comprises a water distribution device, a smoke fire detector, a temperature sensor, a tunnel fire extinguishing unit and a controller, the water distribution device comprises a water distribution pipe and a water curtain spraying assembly; when the water curtain spraying assembly is started, the spraying water curtain forms a flexible partition, the controller is electrically connected with the water distribution device, the smoke fire detector, the temperature sensor and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit, and the water distribution device and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit are controlled based on information of the smoke fire detector and / or the temperature sensor. According to the invention, the spreading trend of the flame can be pre-judged in advance by monitoring the smoke concentration and temperature, such a pre-judgment mechanism enables fire extinguishing measures to be more prospective, and the efficiency and effectiveness of dealing with fire disasters are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of tunnel fires, and specifically relates to an intelligent fire extinguishing system and method based on a flexible tunnel partition. Background Art

[0002] The handling and control of tunnel fires have always been important topics in highway safety management. Due to the enclosed nature of tunnels, once a fire occurs, the consequences are often more serious than in an open environment. In the prior art, common countermeasures for tunnel fires include using a water curtain to isolate smoke and flames. The water curtain can, to a certain extent, block the spread of smoke and provide time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue.

[0003] However, existing water curtain systems mainly focus on isolating smoke and rarely consider the spread of the fire itself. When the fire spreads to adjacent smoke control zones, such systems often fail to provide effective preventive measures. Current systems usually lack the ability to monitor in real time and judge the fire situation, especially in long-distance highway tunnels, which limits the prediction of the fire spread trend and timely response. Due to their special structural and environmental characteristics, long-distance highway tunnels pose higher requirements for fire response. Therefore, existing tunnel fire response technologies have obvious deficiencies in aspects such as fire spread control, linkage reaction mechanism, real-time fire situation monitoring and analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above defects or requirements for improvement in the prior art solutions, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent fire extinguishing system and method based on a flexible tunnel partition, aiming to more effectively manage and control tunnel fires. Especially in long-distance highway tunnels, it can monitor the fire situation in real time, analyze the fire spread trend, and can intelligently activate the water curtain system to block the fire spread.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An intelligent fire extinguishing system based on a flexible tunnel partition. The tunnel is divided into N smoke control zones, including: a water distribution device, including a water distribution pipe and a water curtain spraying component. The water distribution pipe includes a water distribution loop and water distribution branch pipes. The water distribution branch pipes are connected out from the water distribution loop. One water distribution branch pipe is provided at each end of each smoke control zone. The water distribution branch pipes are arranged in parallel. One water distribution branch pipe is connected to a group of water curtain spraying components. When the water curtain spraying components are opened, the sprayed water curtain forms a flexible partition; a smoke detector is arranged on the tunnel side wall of each smoke control zone; a temperature sensor is arranged along the tunnel arch crown of each smoke control zone; a tunnel fire extinguishing unit is arranged on the tunnel side wall of each smoke control zone; a controller is electrically connected to the water distribution device, the smoke detector, the temperature sensor, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit. The controller controls the water distribution device and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit based on the information of the smoke detector and / or the temperature sensor.

[0006] The present invention divides the tunnel into multiple smoke control zones, and each zone is equipped with an independent fire extinguishing system. Such a division helps to more accurately locate the fire, and when the fire is confined to a small area, it can be more effectively controlled and extinguished. Each smoke control zone is equipped with an independent water distribution pipeline and a water curtain sprinkler assembly, so that the water curtain can be quickly and accurately activated when necessary to form a flexible partition. Smoke detectors and temperature sensors are deployed in each smoke control zone to achieve dual monitoring of fire signs. This dual monitoring mechanism increases the sensitivity and accuracy of the system for fire detection, especially in the early stage of the fire. The controller is electrically connected to all sensors and fire extinguishing devices and can intelligently control the fire extinguishing operation according to the signals of the smoke and temperature sensors. The controller can make automatic decisions, such as when to activate the water curtain and whether to activate the fire extinguishing measures in adjacent zones, so as to achieve a rapid response.

[0007] Preferably, one side of the water distribution loop is arranged on the left line of the tunnel, and the other side is arranged on the right line of the tunnel.

[0008] Preferably, the water distribution loop is arranged in the overhead space of the internal maintenance passage or evacuation passage of the tunnel.

[0009] Preferably, the tunnel fire extinguishing unit uses dry powder, water spraying, or a combination of dry powder and water spraying for directional fire extinguishing.

[0010] Preferably, each group of the water curtain sprinkler assemblies is equipped with an independent solenoid valve for controlling the water flow rate.

[0011] The present invention also discloses an intelligent fire extinguishing method based on the above intelligent fire extinguishing system, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0012] S1: When the smoke detector in the Mth control zone among the N smoke control zones senses that the smoke concentration reaches the fire threshold standard, the controller controls the water curtain sprinkler assemblies on both sides of the smoke control zone to spray the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit in this smoke control zone is turned on, where N≥M≥1;

[0013] S2: After the tunnel fire extinguishing unit is turned on, the controller monitors the adjacent zones of the Mth control zone. If the smoke detector and / or temperature sensor in the adjacent zone detects abnormal smoke concentration and / or temperature, the controller controls the water curtain sprinkler assembly on the other side of this smoke control zone to start spraying the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit in this smoke control zone is turned on;

[0014] S3: After the tunnel fire extinguishing unit in the (M + 1)th or (M - 1)th control zone is started, the controller continues to monitor its adjacent zones and continuously repeats the above process.

[0015] Preferably, in the step S2, when the flue gas concentration is abnormal while the temperature is normal, the controller controls the water curtain spraying assembly on the other side of the smoke control zone to start spraying the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit in the smoke control zone is turned on.

[0016] Preferably, in the step S2, when the flue gas concentration is normal while the temperature is abnormal, the controller controls the water curtain spraying assembly on the other side of the smoke control zone to start spraying the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit in the smoke control zone is turned on.

[0017] Preferably, after the flue gas concentration and temperature in the control zone both drop to the normal values, the tunnel fire extinguishing unit is turned off.

[0018] Preferably, if the flue gas concentration and temperature in the current control zone and the adjacent zones both drop to the normal values, the water curtain spraying assemblies on both sides of the current control zone continue to spray for a predetermined time and then are turned off.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] (1) It can predict the spread trend of the flame in advance by monitoring the flue gas concentration and temperature. This prediction mechanism enables the fire extinguishing measures to be more forward-looking, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of dealing with fires; in the initial stage of the fire, even if the flame has not spread significantly to the adjacent smoke control zones, the system can, through the changes in the sensed flue gas concentration and temperature, timely activate the fire prevention measures in the adjacent zones; the system can flexibly adjust the response strategy according to different combinations of flue gas concentration and temperature. Whether the flue gas concentration, temperature or both exceed the standard, the system can take corresponding measures.

[0021] (2) The system continuously monitors the conditions of the current and adjacent smoke control zones, maintaining continuous tracking of the fire dynamics, which is particularly crucial in long-distance tunnels because the impact and spread of fires may be more complex. After the fire situation is controlled, the system can adaptively adjust, such as turning off the fire extinguishing unit or continuing to spray the water curtain until it is completely safe. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the flexible partition shown in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal pipeline layout in the tunnel shown in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the water curtain pipeline system of the flexible partition shown in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent fire extinguishing system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5This is the control flow chart of the intelligent fire extinguishing method of the present invention.

[0027] Description of reference numerals: 1-smoke control zone, 2-water distribution device, 21-water distribution pipe, 211-water distribution loop, 212-water distribution branch pipe, 22-water curtain spraying component, 23-electromagnetic valve, 3-smoke detector, 4-temperature sensor, 5-tunnel fire extinguishing unit, 6-controller. Specific embodiments

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the present invention.

[0029] In addition, the described features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, many specific details are provided to give a full understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will realize that the technical solutions of the present application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. may be used. In other cases, well-known methods, devices, implementations or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of the present application.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1-4This embodiment provides an intelligent fire extinguishing system based on flexible partitions in tunnels, which can effectively control and quickly respond to fire situations in tunnels, and is particularly suitable for long-distance highway tunnels. The intelligent fire extinguishing system can be divided into the first smoke control partition, the second smoke control partition to the Nth smoke control partition by dividing the tunnel into multiple smoke control partitions 1. The intelligent fire extinguishing system comprises a water distribution device 2, a smoke fire detector 3, a temperature sensor 4, a tunnel fire extinguishing unit 5 and a controller 6. The water distribution device 2 comprises a water distribution pipe 21 and a water curtain spray assembly 22. The water distribution pipe 21 comprises a water distribution loop 211 and a water distribution branch pipe 212. These water distribution branches 212 are connected from the water distribution loop 211. Water distribution branches 212 are respectively provided at both ends of each smoke control partition 1 and are arranged in parallel. Each water distribution branch pipe 212 is connected to a group of water curtain spray assemblies 22, which can spray water curtains to form flexible partitions when opened. The smoke fire detector 3 is installed on the tunnel side wall of each smoke control partition 1, and can sense the smoke concentration and detect the signs and conditions of fire in time. The temperature sensor 4 is arranged along the tunnel vault of each smoke control zone 1 to monitor temperature changes and assist in judging the fire situation. The tunnel fire extinguishing unit 5 is located on the tunnel side wall of each smoke control zone and can be turned on to directly extinguish the flame when a fire occurs. The controller 6 is electrically connected to the water distribution device 2, the smoke detector 3, the temperature sensor 4 and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit 5, and is responsible for controlling the water distribution device 2 and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit 5 based on the information of the smoke detector 3 and / or the temperature sensor 4.

[0031] In order to improve the partition effect, the flexible partition can adopt air-water curtain flexible partition, forming a water curtain-air curtain-water curtain. This sandwich arrangement helps to form a more effective partition area to prevent the further spread of smoke inside the tunnel. In the event of a fire, the inner water curtain can isolate part of the smoke, and because the smoke temperature is high, the smoke and water curtain conduct heat exchange to reduce the smoke temperature. At the same time, the water curtain can absorb part of the CO2, SO2 and other gases in the smoke, and the air curtain can better isolate the smoke because the air jet is more dense. The outer water curtain further reduces the temperature of the smoke and prevents the smoke from leaking out.

[0032] The intelligent fire extinguishing system of the present invention can respond quickly at the early stage of a fire, quickly control the fire through the linkage of the water curtain and the fire extinguishing unit, and can also predict the trend of fire spread through the data of smoke and temperature sensors, and take measures in advance in potentially threatened areas. The intelligent design of the controller makes the entire fire extinguishing process efficient and orderly, reducing the need for human intervention.

[0033] For further information, see Figure 3, the water distribution loop 211 is arranged along the left and right lines of the tunnel. Such a layout can achieve an effective circulation with the water source. This circulating layout has multiple advantages. Firstly, it ensures a uniform distribution of water pressure and water flow throughout the length of the tunnel. No matter where a fire occurs in the tunnel, a water curtain can be deployed quickly and evenly. Secondly, this arrangement improves the reliability of the system. Even if a part of the loop fails, other parts can still maintain normal operation, ensuring the continuous water supply of the water curtain sprinkler system. Through the cooperation of the loop with the left and right lines of the tunnel, this system can effectively maintain a stable water flow supply. In the event of a fire, this stable water flow supply is crucial for quickly controlling the fire and smoke. In addition, this design helps to reduce the pressure loss of the water flow during long-distance transportation, thus maintaining the best working state of the sprinkler system. Moreover, the water distribution loop 211 is arranged in the overhead space of the maintenance passage or evacuation passage inside the tunnel. The advantage of this layout design is that it does not interfere with the basic structure and use of the tunnel, and at the same time is convenient for daily inspection and maintenance. Especially when it is located at the top of the tunnel, it can achieve automatic sprinkling under the action of gravity.

[0034] Furthermore, the tunnel fire extinguishing unit 5 can adopt various fire extinguishing methods, including dry powder, water spraying, or the combined use of both. The most suitable fire extinguishing method can be flexibly selected according to the type of fire and the specific conditions of the tunnel. Dry powder fire extinguishing is suitable for electrical fires and liquid fires, while water spraying is more suitable for controlling the combustion of ordinary solid substances. The combined use of dry powder and water spraying can improve the fire extinguishing efficiency, especially in complex or difficult-to-control fire situations. The fire extinguishing unit is designed to be able to spray the fire extinguishing agent directionally, ensuring that the fire extinguishing effect is concentrated on the fire source, thereby improving the fire extinguishing efficiency and reducing resource waste.

[0035] Furthermore, each group of water curtain sprinkler assemblies 22 is equipped with an independent solenoid valve 23. The solenoid valve 23 can be set on the water distribution branch pipe 212 for precisely controlling the water flow rate. The independent solenoid valve 23 ensures that each group of water curtain sprinkler assemblies 22 can be activated separately according to needs, improving the flexibility and response speed of the system. The use of the solenoid valve 23 enables the water flow rate to be adjusted according to the actual situation, thus effectively controlling the density and coverage range of the water curtain. This control method helps to prevent excessive use of water resources and at the same time ensures that the water curtain can effectively isolate the smoke and fire.

[0036] See Figure 5 , Another embodiment of the present invention describes a fire extinguishing method based on the above intelligent fire extinguishing system. The following are the specific operation steps:

[0037] S1: When the smoke fire detector in the Mth control zone among the N smoke control zones senses that the smoke concentration reaches the fire threshold standard, the controller controls the water curtain sprinkler assemblies on both sides of this smoke control zone to spray a water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit in this smoke control zone is activated, where N≥M≥1;

[0038] The purpose of this step is to immediately isolate and control the starting fire point and prevent the further spread of the fire, using the flue gas concentration reaching the fire threshold standard as the judgment condition.

[0039] S2: After the tunnel fire extinguishing unit is activated, the controller monitors the adjacent partitions of the Mth control partition. If the smoke fire detector and / or temperature sensor in the adjacent partition detect abnormal flue gas concentration and / or temperature, the controller controls the water curtain sprinkler assembly on the other side of the smoke control partition to start spraying the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the smoke control partition is activated;

[0040] This step is used to prevent the spread of the fire to adjacent partitions in advance. In this step, the standard for abnormal flue gas concentration is lower than the fire threshold standard, which is convenient for predicting the fire situation earlier and activating the water curtain and tunnel fire extinguishing unit in advance.

[0041] S3: After the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the (M + 1)th control partition or the (M - 1)th control partition is activated, the controller continues to monitor its adjacent partitions and continuously repeats the above process.

[0042] In addition, in step S2, when the smoke fire detector in the smoke control partition detects abnormal flue gas concentration (exceeding the preset abnormal standard) and the temperature sensor does not detect abnormal temperature, the controller of the system will automatically activate the water curtain sprinkler assembly on the other side of the smoke control partition. At the same time, the controller will also instruct the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the smoke control partition to be activated to control and extinguish the fire in a timely manner; in another case, if the temperature sensor detects abnormal temperature (exceeding the preset abnormal standard) and the smoke fire detector does not show abnormal flue gas concentration, the controller will also instruct the corresponding water curtain sprinkler assembly and tunnel fire extinguishing unit to be activated. Such measures ensure that even if only one sensor detects an abnormality, the fire extinguishing unit and the water curtain can respond quickly. Due to the complex environment of the tunnel and the different combustion characteristics of various types of fires, there will be a situation where only one abnormal signal can be detected in the early stage. In some cases, the temperature of the adjacent partition rises faster, and in some cases, the flue gas concentration of the adjacent partition rises faster. In addition, there is also a situation where when one type of sensor fails and the other type of sensor works normally, it is also possible to predict the trend of fire spread.

[0043] In the above fire extinguishing method, after the smoke concentration and temperature in the control zone both drop to the normal values, the tunnel fire extinguishing unit shuts down. This design ensures that the fire extinguishing unit stops working only when the fire is completely controlled and there is no risk of reignition, and no longer consumes fire extinguishing resources. If the smoke concentration and temperature in the current control zone and the adjacent zones both drop to the normal values, the water curtain spraying components on both sides of the current control zone continue to spray for a preset time and then shut down. The setting of this preset time is based on sufficient experiments and experience to ensure the best fire extinguishing effect. Even if the fire is controlled, there is still enough water curtain to keep the site moist and prevent possible reignition.

[0044] The present invention provides a comprehensive and intelligent tunnel fire response solution. By combining advanced monitoring technologies with an automated fire extinguishing system, while improving safety, it also optimizes resource utilization. By integrating smoke detectors and temperature sensors, abnormal situations can be detected in a timely manner at different stages of fire development, and the fire extinguishing unit and water curtain spraying components can be intelligently regulated. Compared with traditional fire extinguishing units and water curtains, they can be activated earlier based on the fire spread trend, with rapid response and precise control, improving the fire extinguishing efficiency and reducing the damage caused by the fire.

[0045] The above-mentioned drawings are only schematic illustrations of the processes included in the method according to the exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not for limiting purposes. It is easy to understand that the processes shown in the above-mentioned drawings do not indicate or limit the chronological order of these processes. Additionally, it is also easy to understand that these processes can be executed, for example, synchronously or asynchronously in multiple modules.

[0046] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the exact structure already described and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present application is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent fire extinguishing system based on flexible partitions in a tunnel, wherein the tunnel is divided into N smoke control zones (1), characterized in that: include: The water distribution device (2) comprises a water distribution pipe (21) and a water curtain spray assembly (22), wherein the water distribution pipe (21) comprises a water distribution loop (211) and a water distribution branch pipe (222), the water distribution branch pipe (222) is connected from the water distribution loop (211), and each of the two ends of the smoke control partition (1) is provided with a water distribution branch pipe (211), the water distribution branch pipes (222) are arranged in parallel, and one water distribution branch pipe (211) is connected to a group of water curtain spray assemblies (22), and when the water curtain spray assembly (22) is turned on, a water curtain is sprayed to form a flexible partition; A smoke fire detector (3) is arranged on the tunnel side wall of each of the smoke control partitions (1); A temperature sensor (4) is arranged along the tunnel vault of each of the smoke control zones (1); A tunnel fire extinguishing unit (5) is arranged on the tunnel side wall of each of the smoke control partitions (1); A controller (6) is electrically connected to the water distribution device (2), the smoke fire detector (3), the temperature sensor (4), and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit (5). The controller (6) controls the water distribution device (2) and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit (5) based on information from the smoke fire detector (3) and / or the temperature sensor (4).

2. The intelligent fire extinguishing system based on tunnel flexible partition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: One side of the water distribution loop (211) is arranged on the left line of the tunnel, and the other side is arranged on the right line of the tunnel.

3. The intelligent fire extinguishing system based on tunnel flexible partition according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water distribution loop (211) is arranged in the top space of the tunnel internal maintenance passage or evacuation passage.

4. The intelligent fire extinguishing system based on tunnel flexible partition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tunnel fire extinguishing unit (5) adopts dry powder, water spray or a combination of dry powder and water spray to directional extinguish the fire.

5. The intelligent fire extinguishing system based on tunnel flexible partition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each group of the water curtain spraying components (22) is equipped with an independent electromagnetic valve (23) for controlling the water flow rate.

6. An intelligent fire extinguishing method based on the intelligent fire extinguishing system based on tunnel flexible partition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: When the smoke detector of the Mth control zone among the N smoke control zones senses that the smoke concentration reaches the fire threshold standard, the controller controls the water curtain spraying components on both sides of the smoke control zone to spray the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the smoke control zone is turned on, where N≥M≥1; S2: After the tunnel fire extinguishing unit is turned on, the controller monitors the adjacent partitions of the Mth control partition. If the smoke detectors and / or temperature sensors of the adjacent partitions detect that the smoke concentration and / or temperature exceed the standard, the controller controls the water curtain spray assembly on the other side of the smoke control partition to start spraying the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the smoke control partition is turned on; S3: When the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the M+1th control partition or the M-1th control partition is started, the controller continues to monitor its adjacent partitions and repeats the above process.

7. The intelligent fire extinguishing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the smoke concentration is abnormal but the temperature is not abnormal, the controller controls the water curtain spray assembly on the other side of the smoke control partition to start spraying the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the smoke control partition is turned on.

8. The intelligent fire extinguishing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, when the smoke concentration is normal but the temperature is abnormal, the controller controls the water curtain spray assembly on the other side of the smoke control partition to start spraying the water curtain, and the tunnel fire extinguishing unit of the smoke control partition is turned on.

9. The intelligent fire extinguishing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the smoke concentration and temperature of the control zone drop to normal values, the tunnel fire extinguishing unit is closed.

10. The intelligent fire extinguishing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: If the smoke concentration and temperature of the current control zone and the adjacent zones drop to normal values, the water curtain spray components on both sides of the current control zone will continue to spray for a predetermined time before shutting down.

Images