Ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of concrete, and discloses an ecological concrete additive which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of a cement-based material, 20-30 parts of an anti-cracking material, 20-30 parts of a water retention material, 20-30 parts of a water permeable material, 5-7 parts of a water reducing agent and 3-5 parts of a microbial agent, according to the invention, the anti-cracking material is uniformly distributed in the concrete, like micro-reinforcing steel bars, the toughness of the concrete is enhanced, so that the anti-cracking performance and the compression resistance are improved, meanwhile, the walnuts are internally provided with porous structures which are communicated with one another to form permeable channels, and the surfaces of the pores are stable in chemical property and not easy to be blocked by cement hydration products; the water-permeable material prepared from the bean dregs guarantees smooth passing of rainwater, provides a good air-permeable environment for the interior of the concrete, significantly improves the water permeability of the ecological concrete, and can effectively balance the water retention and water permeability of the ecological concrete through the water-permeable material prepared from the bean dregs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete, and specifically to an ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the economy, the construction of infrastructure, and the need for environmental and ecological protection, ecological concrete has received extensive attention. Ecological concrete is an environmentally friendly building material with a continuous macroporous structure that enables plants to grow in its pores, and the roots can penetrate into the soil layer through the concrete base frame to continuously absorb nutrients in the soil. Its porous structure can provide a growth space for biological attachment, which is conducive to the increase of biodiversity, promotes the restoration of the ecosystem, and plays a positive role in the protection of the ecological environment and the construction of infrastructure.

[0003] In the prior art, in terms of water permeability, it is difficult for existing ecological concrete additives to make the concrete achieve an ideal water permeability effect, and it cannot meet the requirements of urban rainwater management and groundwater resource replenishment. Secondly, the water retention performance also needs to be improved. Especially in arid or high-temperature environments, the rapid loss of internal water in the concrete is still an urgent problem to be solved. Moreover, in terms of crack resistance, the improvement effect of traditional additives on the crack resistance of concrete is limited, and cracks are still likely to occur in the concrete during use, affecting its structural stability and durability. Based on this, the present invention provides an ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete. The ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete prepared by the present invention have good water permeability, crack resistance, compressive strength, and water retention performance.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An ecological concrete additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 - 120 parts of cement-based material, 20 - 30 parts of crack-resistant material, 20 - 30 parts of water retention material, 20 - 30 parts of water permeable material, 5 - 7 parts of water reducing agent, and 3 - 5 parts of microbial inoculum.

[0006] Among them, the cement-based material can be any one of ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, and fly ash Portland cement; the water reducing agent can be any one of naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, calcium lignosulfonate, and methacrylic acid; the microbial inoculum can be any one of nitrogen-fixing inoculum, phosphorus-dissolving inoculum, and photosynthetic bacteria inoculum.

[0007] Among them, the preparation method of the crack-resistant material includes the following steps: Select coconut shells with the pulp removed as the raw material, wash and dry them, then add them to a stirring container, and then add a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of (8-10)%, carry out alkali treatment, then rinse with deionized water 6-8 times, then add a crusher, after crushing, add a vibrating screen to obtain particles with a particle size of 1-5 mm, and then add the particles to a high-temperature muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the crack-resistant material.

[0008] Among them, during the preparation process of the crack-resistant material, the stirring speed of the stirring container is set to 200-300 r / min, the temperature is 20-25 °C, the stirring and soaking time is 3-4 h, the width of the discharge port of the crusher is set to 10-15 mm, the rotor speed is set to 800-1000 r / min, the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is set to 1500-2000 times / min, the screen mesh pore size is 1-5 mm, the heating rate of the high-temperature muffle furnace is set to (5-10) °C / min, the highest temperature is 300-400 °C, and it lasts for 2-3 h. The mass ratio of the coconut shell to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(6-8).

[0009] Among them, the preparation method of the water-retaining material includes the following steps: Collect bean dregs as the raw material, wash them, then add them to a centrifugal dehydrator, after dehydration treatment, add them to a pyrolysis furnace, after pyrolysis is completed, add them to a stirring container, add a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of (5-8)% and soak for 2-3 h. After the alkali treatment is completed, rinse with deionized water 5-7 times, then add them to a drying oven, after drying treatment, add a pulverizer, pulverize and pass through a 100-120 mesh sieve to obtain the water-retaining material.

[0010] Among them, during the preparation process of the water-retaining material, the rotation speed of the centrifugal dehydrator is set to 3000-4000 r / min, the centrifugation time is 5-10 min, the heating rate of the pyrolysis furnace is set to (5-10) °C / min, the highest temperature is 300-350 °C, and the continuous pyrolysis is 1-2 h. The rotation speed of the stirring container is set to 200-300 r / min, the temperature of the drying oven is set to 70-80 °C, the drying time is 6-10 h, the rotation speed of the pulverizer is set to 1200-1500 r / min, and the continuous time is 8-10 min. The mass ratio of the bean dregs to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(4-5).

[0011] Among them, the preparation method of the permeable material includes the following steps: Select walnut shells as the raw material, wash them and place them in a blast drying oven, after drying, place them in a ball mill, grind them and then classify and screen them through an air classifier to obtain particles with a particle size of 2-6 mm, which is the permeable material.

[0012] Among them, during the preparation process of the permeable material, the set temperature of the blast drying oven is 80-100°C, the drying time is 12-24h, the set rotation speed of the ball mill is 300-400r / min, the mass ratio of walnut shell to grinding medium is 1:(3-5), the grinding time is 30-60min, the set intake pressure of the air flow screening machine is 0.4-0.6MPa, the screening time is 5-10min, and it passes through a 3-10 mesh sieve.

[0013] Furthermore, an ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of cement, 40-45 parts of water, 250-300 parts of aggregate, and 8-10 parts of ecological concrete additive. The cement is P.O42.5 ordinary Portland cement, and the aggregate is gravel with a particle size of 20-60mm.

[0014] Among them, an ecological concrete is prepared by the following method: Weigh the cement, water, and aggregate as required and add them to the mixing tank. Set the rotation speed to 60-80r / min and continuously stir for 5-10min. Then, weigh the ecological concrete additive as required and add it to the mixing tank. Adjust the rotation speed to 100-150r / min and continuously stir for 7-10min to obtain the ecological concrete.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the present invention, a crack-resistant material is prepared from coconut shells. After the coconut shells are treated with alkali, impurities such as lignin on the surface are removed, exposing a large amount of cellulose, which contains a large number of hydroxyl groups. In the concrete, the hydroxyl groups can undergo physical adsorption and chemical complexation with calcium ions generated by cement hydration, forming a strong adhesive force between the crack-resistant material and the cement paste, effectively dispersing the internal stress of the concrete, and avoiding the generation of cracks due to stress concentration. Secondly, high-temperature calcination changes the microstructure of the coconut shells, generating microcracks inside them. When the concrete is subjected to external forces, these microcracks can absorb energy and prevent the generation and expansion of macroscopic cracks. Moreover, the crack-resistant material is evenly distributed in the concrete, acting like micro steel bars, enhancing the toughness of the concrete, thereby improving the crack resistance and compressive strength.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the main components of the permeable material prepared from walnuts are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc. Products such as calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate generated by cement hydration can undergo physical adsorption and chemical reactions with chemical groups such as hydroxyl groups on the surface of the permeable material, enhancing the adhesive force with the cement paste, evenly dispersing the pressure, and avoiding stress concentration, thereby improving the compressive strength. On the other hand, the interior of the walnut itself has a porous structure that is interconnected, forming a permeable channel, and the chemical properties of the surface of these pores are stable and not easily blocked by cement hydration products, ensuring that rainwater can pass through smoothly. At the same time, it also provides a good breathable environment inside the concrete, significantly improving the water permeability of the ecological concrete.

[0017] 3. In the present invention, the water-permeable material prepared from soybean dregs is rich in organic components such as cellulose and protein. After being processed into a water-permeable material, a large number of hydrophilic groups are retained in its internal structure. These hydrophilic groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thereby adsorbing a large amount of water, improving the water retention performance of the ecological concrete. At the same time, during the preparation process of the ecological concrete, the soybean dregs water-permeable material forms an intersecting network with substances such as anti-cracking materials, water-permeable materials, and aggregates and adsorbs on other porous structure materials, passively forming a mutually connected porous structure. The size and distribution of these pores enable water to flow freely therein. Therefore, it not only ensures that water can pass through smoothly without affecting the water permeability, but also retains a part of the water inside the concrete for plants to absorb, thereby ensuring plant growth. Therefore, the water-permeable material prepared from soybean dregs can effectively balance the water retention and water permeability of the ecological concrete. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 The invention provides a preparation flowchart of an ecological concrete additive and an ecological concrete of the ecological concrete additive; Figure 2 The invention provides a preparation flowchart of an ecological concrete and an ecological concrete additive of the ecological concrete. Detailed Embodiments

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art of this technology to better understand the solution of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings. Embodiment

[0021] This embodiment provides an ecological concrete additive, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement-based material, 20 parts of anti-cracking material, 20 parts of water retention material, 20 parts of water-permeable material, 5 parts of water reducing agent, and 3 parts of microbial inoculant.

[0022] Among them, the cement-based material selects ordinary Portland cement, the water reducing agent selects naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, and the microbial inoculant selects nitrogen-fixing inoculant.

[0023] Among them, the preparation method of the crack-resistant material includes the following steps: Select the coconut shell without pulp as the raw material, wash and dry it, then add it to a stirring container, and then add an 8% sodium hydroxide solution for alkali treatment. After that, rinse it 6 times with deionized water, then add it to a crusher. After crushing, add it to a vibrating screen to obtain particles with a particle size of 1 mm. Then add the particles to a high-temperature muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, and then cool it to room temperature to obtain the crack-resistant material.

[0024] Among them, during the preparation of the crack-resistant material, the stirring speed of the stirring container is set at 200 r / min, the temperature is 20 °C, the stirring and soaking time is 3 h, the width of the discharge port of the crusher is set at 10 mm, the rotor speed is set at 800 r / min, the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is set at 1500 times / min, the screen mesh pore size is 1 mm, the heating rate of the high-temperature muffle furnace is set at 5 °C / min, the maximum temperature is 300 °C, and it lasts for 2 h. The mass ratio of coconut shell to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:6.

[0025] Among them, the preparation method of the water-retaining material includes the following steps: Collect soybean dregs as the raw material, wash them, then add them to a centrifugal dehydrator. After dehydration treatment, add them to a pyrolysis furnace. After pyrolysis, add them to a stirring container, add a 5% sodium hydroxide solution and soak for 2 h. After the alkali treatment, rinse 5 times with deionized water, then add them to a drying oven. After drying treatment, add them to a pulverizer and pulverize through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the water-retaining material.

[0026] Among them, during the preparation of the water-retaining material, the rotation speed of the centrifugal dehydrator is set at 3000 r / min, the centrifugation time is 5 min, the heating rate of the pyrolysis furnace is set at 5 °C / min, the maximum temperature is 300 °C, and the continuous pyrolysis time is 1 h. The rotation speed of the stirring container is set at 200 r / min, the temperature of the drying oven is set at 70 °C, the drying time is 6 h, the rotation speed of the pulverizer is set at 1200 r / min, and the duration is 8 min. The mass ratio of soybean dregs to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:4.

[0027] Among them, the preparation method of the permeable material includes the following steps: Select walnut shells as the raw material, wash them and place them in a blast drying oven. After drying, place them in a ball mill. After grinding, classify and screen them through an air flow screening machine to obtain particles with a particle size of 2 mm, which is the permeable material.

[0028] Among them, during the preparation of the permeable material, the temperature of the blast drying oven is set at 80 °C, the drying time is 12 h, the rotation speed of the ball mill is set at 300 r / min, the mass ratio of walnut shell to grinding medium is 1:3, the grinding time is 30 min, the intake pressure of the air flow screening machine is set at 0.4 MPa, the screening time is 5 min, and it passes through a 3-mesh sieve.

[0029] In some embodiments, an ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of cement, 40 parts of water, 250 parts of aggregate, and 8 parts of ecological concrete additive. The cement is P.O42.5 ordinary Portland cement, and the aggregate is gravel with a particle size of 20 mm.

[0030] Among them, an ecological concrete is prepared by the following method: Weigh cement, water, and aggregate as required and add them to a mixing tank. Set the rotation speed to 60 r / min and continuously mix for 5 min. Then, weigh the ecological concrete additive as required and add it to the mixing tank. Adjust the rotation speed to 100 r / min and continuously mix for 7 min to obtain the ecological concrete. Example

[0031] In this example, the ecological concrete additive and the ecological concrete are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: the specific ratios of the raw materials used and the preparation methods are different. The specific ratio preparation methods for preparing the ecological concrete additive and the ecological concrete in this example are as follows: An ecological concrete additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 110 parts of cement-based material, 25 parts of crack-resistant material, 25 parts of water-retaining material, 25 parts of water-permeable material, 6 parts of water-reducing agent, and 4 parts of microbial inoculum.

[0032] Among them, the cement-based material selects slag Portland cement, the water-reducing agent selects calcium lignosulfonate, and the microbial inoculum selects phosphate-solubilizing bacteria agent.

[0033] Among them, the preparation method of the crack-resistant material includes the following steps: Select coconut shells with the pulp removed as raw materials. After cleaning and drying, add them to a mixing container, then add a 9% sodium hydroxide solution for alkali treatment. Then, rinse with deionized water 7 times. Then, add to a crusher. After crushing, add to a vibrating screen to obtain particles with a particle size of 3 mm. Then, add the particles to a high-temperature muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the crack-resistant material.

[0034] Among them, during the preparation process of the crack-resistant material, the mixing speed of the mixing container is set to 260 r / min, the temperature is 23 °C, the mixing and soaking time is 3.5 h, the width of the discharge port of the crusher is set to 13 mm, the rotor speed is set to 900 r / min, the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is set to 1800 times / min, the mesh pore of the screen is 3 mm, the heating rate of the high-temperature muffle furnace is set to 8 °C / min, the maximum temperature is 350 °C, and it lasts for 2.5 h. The mass ratio of coconut shell to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:7.

[0035] Among them, the preparation method of the water-retaining material includes the following steps: Collect soybean dregs as raw materials. After cleaning, add them to a centrifugal dehydrator. After dehydration treatment, add them to a pyrolysis furnace. After pyrolysis, add them to a mixing container, add a 7% sodium hydroxide solution and soak for 2.5 h. After the alkali treatment, rinse with deionized water 6 times. Then, add to a drying oven. After drying treatment, add to a pulverizer and pulverize through a 110-mesh sieve to obtain the water-retaining material.

[0036] Among them, during the preparation of the water-retaining material, the set rotation speed of the centrifuge dehydrator is 3500 r / min, the centrifugation time is 8 min, the set heating rate of the pyrolysis furnace is 8 °C / min, the maximum temperature is 330 °C, and the continuous pyrolysis is 1.5 h. The set rotation speed of the stirring container is 260 r / min, the set temperature of the drying oven is 75 °C, the drying time is 8 h, the set rotation speed of the pulverizer is 1300 r / min, the duration is 9 min, and the mass ratio of soybean dregs to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:4.5.

[0037] Among them, the preparation method of the permeable material includes the following steps: Select walnut shells as raw materials, clean them and then put them into a blast drying oven. After drying, put them into a ball mill. After grinding, classify and screen them through an air flow screening machine to obtain particles with a particle size of 4 mm, which are the permeable materials.

[0038] Among them, during the preparation of the permeable material, the set temperature of the blast drying oven is 90 °C, the drying time is 18 h, the set rotation speed of the ball mill is 350 r / min, the mass ratio of walnut shells to grinding medium is 1:4, the grinding time is 45 min, the set intake pressure of the air flow screening machine is 0.5 MPa, the screening time is 8 min, and it passes through a 7-mesh sieve.

[0039] In some embodiments, an ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of cement, 43 parts of water, 270 parts of aggregate, and 9 parts of ecological concrete additive. The cement is P.O42.5 ordinary Portland cement, and the aggregate is crushed stone with a particle size of 40 mm.

[0040] Among them, an ecological concrete is prepared by the following method: Weigh the cement, water, and aggregate as needed and add them to the mixing tank. Set the rotation speed to 70 r / min and continuously stir for 8 min. Then weigh the ecological concrete additive as needed and add it to the mixing tank. Adjust the rotation speed to 120 r / min and continuously stir for 8 min to obtain the ecological concrete. Example

[0041] In this example, the ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: the specific ratios of the raw materials used and the preparation methods are different. The specific ratios of the raw materials used and the preparation methods for preparing the ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete in this example are as follows: An ecological concrete additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of cement-based material, 30 parts of crack-resistant material, 30 parts of water-retaining material, 30 parts of permeable material, 7 parts of water reducer, and 5 parts of microbial inoculant.

[0042] Among them, the cement-based material is selected as fly ash Portland cement, the water reducer is selected as methacrylic acid, and the microbial inoculant is selected as photosynthetic bacteria inoculant.

[0043] Among them, the preparation method of the crack-resistant material includes the following steps: Select the coconut shell without pulp as the raw material, wash and dry it, then add it to a stirring container, and then add a 10% sodium hydroxide solution for alkali treatment. After that, rinse it 8 times with deionized water, then add it to a crusher. After crushing, add it to a vibrating screen to obtain particles with a particle size of 5 mm. Then add the particles to a high-temperature muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, and then cool it to room temperature to obtain the crack-resistant material.

[0044] Among them, during the preparation process of the crack-resistant material, the stirring speed of the stirring container is set at 300 r / min, the temperature is 25 °C, the stirring and soaking time is 4 h, the width of the discharge port of the crusher is set at 15 mm, the rotor speed is set at 1000 r / min, the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is set at 2000 times / min, the screen mesh pore size is 5 mm, the heating rate of the high-temperature muffle furnace is set at 10 °C / min, the highest temperature is 400 °C, and it lasts for 3 h. The mass ratio of coconut shell to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:8.

[0045] Among them, the preparation method of the water-retaining material includes the following steps: Collect soybean dregs as the raw material, wash them, then add them to a centrifugal dehydrator. After dehydration treatment, add them to a pyrolysis furnace. After pyrolysis, add them to a stirring container, add an 8% sodium hydroxide solution and soak for 3 h. After the alkali treatment, rinse 7 times with deionized water, then add them to a drying oven. After drying treatment, add them to a pulverizer and pulverize through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the water-retaining material.

[0046] Among them, during the preparation process of the water-retaining material, the rotation speed of the centrifugal dehydrator is set at 4000 r / min, the centrifugation time is 10 min, the heating rate of the pyrolysis furnace is set at 10 °C / min, the highest temperature is 350 °C, and the continuous pyrolysis time is 2 h. The rotation speed of the stirring container is set at 300 r / min, the temperature of the drying oven is set at 80 °C, the drying time is 10 h, the rotation speed of the pulverizer is set at 1500 r / min, and the continuous time is 10 min. The mass ratio of soybean dregs to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:5.

[0047] Among them, the preparation method of the permeable material includes the following steps: Select walnut shells as the raw material, wash them, then place them in a blast drying oven. After drying, place them in a ball mill. After grinding, classify and screen them through an air current screening machine to obtain particles with a particle size of 6 mm, which is the permeable material.

[0048] Among them, during the preparation process of the permeable material, the temperature of the blast drying oven is set at 100 °C, the drying time is 24 h, the rotation speed of the ball mill is set at 400 r / min, the mass ratio of walnut shell to grinding medium is 1:5, the grinding time is 60 min, the intake pressure of the air current screening machine is set at 0.6 MPa, the screening time is 10 min, and it passes through a 10-mesh sieve.

[0049] In some embodiments, an ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 45 parts of water, 300 parts of aggregate, and 10 parts of ecological concrete additive. The cement is P.O42.5 ordinary Portland cement, and the aggregate is 60mm crushed stone.

[0050] Among them, an ecological concrete is prepared by the following method: Weigh the cement, water, and aggregate as required and add them to the mixing tank. Set the rotation speed at 80 r / min and continuously stir for 10 min. Then, weigh the ecological concrete additive as required and add it to the mixing tank. Adjust the rotation speed to 150 r / min and continuously stir for 10 min to obtain the ecological concrete.

[0051] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: The ecological concrete additive in this comparative example does not contain crack-resistant materials.

[0052] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: The ecological concrete additive in this comparative example does not contain water-retaining materials.

[0053] Comparative Example 3: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: The ecological concrete additive in this comparative example does not contain water-permeable materials.

[0054] Comparative Example 4: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: This comparative example does not contain an ecological concrete additive.

[0055] To further illustrate the beneficial effects of the ecological concrete prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention, the ecological concrete prepared in each example was subjected to relevant performance tests. The test methods are as follows: Water permeability coefficient: Refer to the water permeability coefficient test method disclosed in Appendix C of GB / T25993-2010 "Permeable Paving Bricks and Permeable Pavement Slabs" for testing, and calculate the water permeability coefficient of different products at a water temperature of 15°C. The greater the water permeability coefficient of the product, the better the water permeability performance of the product.

[0056] Compressive strength: Detect the 28-day compressive strength (MPa) of the ecological concrete according to GB / T50081-2002 "Standard for Test Methods of Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete".

[0057] Plant growth rate: The ecological concrete is poured in an off-site test. After pouring, a slurry containing grass seeds, nutrient soil, etc. is prepared and poured into the ecological concrete for curing. Observe the plant growth after 28 days and calculate the plant growth rate, which is obtained by measuring the area covered by the plants and then taking the ratio to the total area.

[0058] The obtained test data are recorded in the following table:

[0059] It can be clearly found by comparing the experimental data of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 in the above table that the ecological concrete prepared in Examples 1-3 has excellent water permeability coefficient, compressive strength and plant growth rate.

[0060] It can be found from the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 that the compressive strength of ecological concrete can be effectively improved by adding crack-resistant materials, the water permeability coefficient of ecological concrete can be effectively improved by adding water-permeable materials, and the plant growth rate is closely related to water-permeable materials and water-retaining materials.

[0061] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0062] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art in the relevant technical field can well understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological concrete additive, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of cement-based materials, 20-30 parts of anti-cracking materials, 20-30 parts of water-retaining materials, 20-30 parts of water-permeable materials, 5-7 parts of water-reducing agents and 3-5 parts of microbial agents.

2. An ecological concrete additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cement-based material can be selected from any one of ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement and fly ash Portland cement, the water reducer can be selected from any one of naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate, calcium lignin sulfonate and methacrylic acid, and the microbial agent can be selected from any one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria.

3. An ecological concrete additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the anti-cracking material comprises the following steps: selecting coconut shells with pulp removed as raw materials, washing and drying them, and then adding them into a stirring container, then adding a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of (8-10)%, performing alkali treatment, then rinsing them with deionized water for 6-8 times, then adding them into a crusher, and adding them into a vibrating screen after crushing to obtain particles with a particle size of 1-5 mm, then adding the particles into a high-temperature muffle furnace for high-temperature calcination, and then cooling them to room temperature to obtain the anti-cracking material.

4. An ecological concrete additive according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the preparation of the anti-cracking material, the stirring container is set to have a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min, a temperature of 20-25°C, a stirring and soaking time of 3-4 h, a crusher discharge port width of 10-15 mm, a rotor speed of 800-1000 r / min, a vibration screen of 1500-2000 times / min, a screen mesh aperture of 1-5 mm, a high-temperature muffle furnace of (5-10)°C / min, a maximum temperature of 300-400°C, and a duration of 2-3 h. The mass ratio of the coconut shell to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(6-8).

5. An ecological concrete additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the water-retaining material comprises the following steps: collecting bean dregs as raw materials, washing them and adding them to a centrifugal dehydrator, dehydrating them and adding them to a pyrolysis furnace, adding them to a stirring container after pyrolysis, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of (5-8)% and soaking them for 2-3 hours, rinsing them with deionized water for 5-7 times after alkali treatment, adding them to a drying box, adding them to a grinder after drying, and grinding them through a 100-120 mesh sieve to obtain the water-retaining material.

6. An ecological concrete additive according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the preparation of the water-retaining material, the speed of the centrifugal dehydrator is set to 3000-4000 r / min, the centrifugal time is 5-10 min, the pyrolysis furnace is set to a heating rate of (5-10) ° C / min, the maximum temperature is 300-350 ° C, the pyrolysis is continued for 1-2 hours, the speed of the stirring container is set to 200-300 r / min, the temperature of the drying box is set to 70-80 ° C, the drying time is 6-10 hours, the speed of the crusher is set to 1200-1500 r / min, the duration is 8-10 minutes, and the mass ratio of the bean dregs to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: (4-5).

7. An ecological concrete additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the water-permeable material comprises the following steps: selecting walnut shells as raw materials, placing them in a blast drying oven after cleaning, placing them in a ball mill after drying, and grading and screening them through an air flow screening machine after grinding to obtain particles with a particle size of 2-6 mm, which are the water-permeable material.

8. An ecological concrete additive according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the preparation of the water-permeable material, the temperature of the blast drying oven is set at 80-100°C, the drying time is 12-24h, the speed of the ball mill is set at 300-400r / min, the mass ratio of walnut shell to grinding medium is 1:(3-5), the grinding time is 30-60min, the air flow screening machine is set at an intake pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa, the screening time is 5-10min, and the material passes through a 3-10 mesh sieve.

9. An ecological concrete additive and ecological concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of cement, 40-45 parts of water, 250-300 parts of aggregate, and 8-10 parts of ecological concrete additives. The cement is P.O42.5 ordinary Portland cement, and the aggregate is crushed stone with a particle size of 20-60 mm.

10. The ecological concrete according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation method is as follows: cement, water and aggregate are weighed as needed and added into a mixing tank, the speed is set to 60-80 r / min, stirring is continued for 5-10 minutes, and ecological concrete additives are weighed as needed and added into the mixing tank, the speed is adjusted to 100-150 r / min, stirring is continued for 7-10 minutes to obtain ecological concrete.

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