Roadway roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a roadway roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method and system, and the method comprises the steps: respectively arranging a snakelike optical fiber, a spiral optical fiber and a spiral optical fiber, arranging the snakelike optical fiber on a smooth surface, arranging the spiral optical fiber on the surfaces of a convex part and a concave part, vertically embedding the spiral optical fiber into a roadway roof, and arranging the spiral optical fiber on the surface of the convex part and the concave part; and the demodulator wirelessly transmits signals generated by the snake-shaped optical fiber, the spiral optical fiber and the spiral optical fiber to a monitoring center in a data form, then analyzes the data and performs early warning, and finally performs reinforcement. The system is constructed through the method, that is, the snakelike optical fiber, the worm-shaped optical fiber and the spiral optical fiber are connected with the demodulator, the demodulator is connected with the monitoring center in a wireless transmission mode, the purpose of comprehensively monitoring the roadway roof can be achieved, the monitoring accuracy is improved, the error range of monitoring numerical values is unified, and the monitoring accuracy is improved. And the situation of misjudgment caused by different monitoring error ranges is avoided. The method is suitable for the technical field of roadway roof monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of roadway roof monitoring. Specifically, it relates to a multi-scale deformation monitoring method and system for roadway roofs. Background Art

[0002] The roadway roof is the rock or soil layer structure located at the top of the roadway after underground roadway excavation. Underground roadways are generally tunnels, metal mine roadways, coal mine roadways, etc. The structural stability of the roadway roof is extremely susceptible to the influence of the rock layer structure. The common failure forms of the roadway roof encountered are roof fall, separation layer, bending subsidence, rib spalling, etc. Among them, roof fall mostly occurs in areas with developed fissures or insufficient support, and the shedding of roof rocks will occur; separation layer refers to the delamination and peeling between rock layers due to strength differences, which is extremely likely to trigger safety accidents of large-area collapse; bending subsidence refers to the slow subsidence of the roof under pressure, resulting in the failure of the support structure; rib spalling refers to the peeling of the rock layer at the edge of the roof, which occurs in coordination with the deformation of the two ribs. In order to avoid affecting the construction progress and prevent the occurrence of safety accidents, it is necessary to monitor the above-mentioned failure forms of the roadway roof. The traditional monitoring method is manual monitoring, that is, using a convergence meter to measure the distance change between the two ribs or the top and bottom of the roadway, using a measuring rod to monitor the subsidence amount of the roof, and using a crack observation instrument to record the crack expansion. The crack observation instrument is generally a caliper or a displacement meter. It can be seen that most of the existing monitoring means are manual operations, the monitoring accuracy is low, and the comprehensiveness of roadway roof monitoring is insufficient. It is very difficult to achieve comprehensive and covering monitoring without dead angles, and multiple monitoring devices need to be used to complete the monitoring operation. The error ranges of different monitoring devices are different, making the monitoring data lack unity and prone to misjudgment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a multi-scale deformation monitoring method and system for roadway roofs to achieve the purpose of comprehensively monitoring the roadway roof, improve the monitoring accuracy, unify the error range of monitoring values, and avoid misjudgment due to different monitoring error ranges.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A multi-scale deformation monitoring method for roadway roofs includes the following steps: Step 1. Arrange the sensing optical fiber on the surface of the roadway roof so that the sensing optical fiber is arranged in a serpentine shape to form a serpentine optical fiber, and then connect the end of the serpentine optical fiber to the demodulator. Step 2. Use the sensing optical fiber to make multiple spiral-shaped structures to form multiple spiral optical fibers. Fix the spiral optical fibers at the convex and concave parts of the roadway roof respectively, and the spiral optical fibers are shaped on the outer surface of the convex part or the outer surface of the concave part. Then connect the ends of the spiral optical fibers to the demodulator. Step 3. Use a drill rig to drill holes at intervals in the roadway roof, make multiple spring-shaped structures using the sensing optical fiber, form multiple helical optical fibers, fix the helical optical fibers in the holes, then seal the holes, and then connect the helical optical fibers to the demodulator; Step 4. The demodulator is wirelessly connected to the monitoring center. The demodulator transmits the data to the monitoring center by wireless transmission, and the monitoring center analyzes and gives early warnings for the data; Step 5. According to the analysis results, reinforce the structure of the roadway roof in the area pointed to by the alarm.

[0005] Further, in Step 1, install the wire laying device on the engineering vehicle, wind the sensing optical fiber on the wire laying device, and then drive the engineering vehicle to travel in the underground roadway along the extension direction of the underground roadway, control the wire laying device to gradually lay the sensing optical fiber on the surface of the roadway roof, and cooperate with the progress of the engineering vehicle to arrange the sensing optical fiber in a snake-like shape.

[0006] Further, the wire laying device includes a telescopic driving member connected to the circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism through an angle adjusting member. The output end of the telescopic driving member extends towards the roadway roof. A transfer seat is connected to the output end of the telescopic driving member, and a grinding and dust suction mechanism and a wire laying mechanism are installed on the transfer seat.

[0007] Further, the grinding and dust suction mechanism includes a grinding disc, an annular disc brush, an elastic joint assembly and a power assembly. The annular disc brush is sleeved outside the grinding disc. One end of the grinding disc away from the roadway roof is connected to the elastic joint assembly. The suction port of the exhaust fan is connected to the grinding disc through the elastic joint assembly. The power assembly is constructed between the transfer seat and the elastic joint assembly, and the power assembly is used to drive the elastic joint assembly to drive the grinding disc to rotate.

[0008] Further, the grinding disc includes a hemispherical grinding body with a sunken top. The hemispherical surface of the grinding body faces the roadway roof. A dust suction channel is opened at the center of the grinding body. The dust suction channel is connected to the elastic joint assembly. A plurality of dust guiding grooves are evenly arranged along the circumference of the hemispherical surface. One end of each dust guiding groove extends to the outer edge of the hemispherical surface, and the other end of the dust guiding groove extends to the port of the dust suction channel.

[0009] Further, the elastic joint assembly includes a first pipe body, a second pipe body and an elastic connecting piece. The mutually approaching ends of the first pipe body and the second pipe body are joined by a joint, and the first pipe body and the second pipe body are in communication with each other. One end of the first pipe body away from the second pipe body is constructed at the center of the end of the grinding body facing away from the roadway roof. One end of the second pipe body away from the first pipe body is rotatably connected to the output end of the telescopic driving member. A connecting hose communicating with the exhaust fan is constructed on the second pipe body. The first pipe body is in communication with the dust suction channel. The elastic connecting piece is sleeved on the connection part of the first pipe body and the second pipe body, and both ends of the elastic connecting piece are respectively connected to the first pipe body and the second pipe body.

[0010] Further, the wiring mechanism includes an assembly seat installed on the adapter seat. A reel is installed on the assembly seat. The sensing optical fiber is wound on the reel. A first wheel seat is fixed on the assembly seat. One end of the first wheel seat away from the assembly seat is pivotally connected to a second wheel seat. One end of the second wheel seat away from the first wheel seat is pivotally connected to a third wheel seat. A guide wheel is installed on the first wheel seat. A wiring wheel is installed on the second wheel seat. A glue application wheel is installed on the third wheel seat. A first torsion spring is installed at the connection part between the first wheel seat and the second wheel seat. A second torsion spring is installed at the connection part between the second wheel seat and the third wheel seat. The third wheel seat is connected with an air-flow type drying nozzle through an adapter plate. One end of the sensing optical fiber passes through the guide wheel, the wiring wheel, the glue application wheel and the air-flow type drying nozzle in sequence.

[0011] Further, in step 2, the spiral optical fiber is assembled on the convex part or the concave part of the roadway roof by using an air-inflatable positioning die, and the air-inflatable positioning die is inflated, so that the air-inflatable positioning die shapes the spiral optical fiber. The spiral optical fiber deforms and adheres to the surface of the convex part or the concave part. Then, the adhesive is injected to the surface of the convex part or the concave part through the air-inflatable positioning die, so that the spiral optical fiber is adhered to the surface of the convex part or the concave part. After that, the air-inflatable positioning die is deflated, and then the air-inflatable positioning die is disassembled.

[0012] Further, in step 3, the spiral optical fiber is sleeved outside the air-inflatable guiding die, and then the air-inflatable guiding die is gradually inserted into the drilled hole. The spiral optical fiber is positioned in the hole accordingly. The adhesive is injected into the hole through the air-inflatable guiding die, so that the spiral optical fiber is adhered in the hole. After the adhesion is completed, the air-inflatable guiding die is removed, and the hole is blocked.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a system constructed by using the above multi-scale deformation monitoring method for roadway roof, which includes a serpentine optical fiber fixed on the smooth surface of the roadway roof, cochlear-shaped optical fibers respectively fixed on the surfaces of the convex and concave parts of the roadway roof, and a plurality of helical optical fibers anchored at intervals on the roadway roof. Each of the helical optical fibers extends spirally in the vertical direction, and the serpentine optical fiber, the cochlear-shaped optical fiber and the helical optical fiber are all connected to a demodulator, and the demodulator is wirelessly connected to a monitoring center.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above structure, compared with the prior art, the technical progress achieved by the present invention is as follows: The present invention arranges the serpentine optical fiber on the smooth surface of the roadway roof, and the serpentine optical fiber covers the area to be monitored along the length direction of the underground roadway. The serpentine optical fiber is used for monitoring the smooth surface of the roadway roof to monitor whether the roadway roof is caving, bending and subsiding, or rib spalling. Since the cochlear-shaped optical fiber of the present invention conforms to the surface of the convex or concave part of the roadway roof, it makes up for the problem that the serpentine optical fiber cannot be fully and closely attached to the surface of the convex or concave part of the roadway roof, and thus can effectively monitor the deformation of the convex or concave part. The present invention fixes the helical optical fiber in the roadway roof in the vertical direction to monitor the separation of the roadway roof. In this way, since the present invention uses sensing optical fibers (serpentine optical fiber, cochlear-shaped optical fiber, helical optical fiber) to monitor the roadway roof, the error ranges of the sensing optical fibers are the same, thereby avoiding misjudgment of data. Moreover, the sensing optical fibers in three forms can comprehensively monitor the roadway roof, avoiding the situation of monitoring dead angles, and at the same time, the monitoring accuracy of the sensing optical fibers is extremely high. To sum up, the present invention can achieve the purpose of comprehensively monitoring the roadway roof, improve the monitoring accuracy, unify the error range of the monitoring values, and avoid misjudgment due to different monitoring error ranges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0016] In the drawings: Figure 1 is the process flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the serpentine optical fiber of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the wire laying device of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism in the wire laying device of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the grinding disc in the wire laying device of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the annular disc brush in the wire laying and releasing device according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic joint assembly in the wire laying and releasing device according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 Axial sectional view of the elastic joint assembly in the wire laying and releasing device according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of an elastic connecting member in the elastic joint assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the telescopic driving member, the grinding and dust suction mechanism and the wire laying mechanism in the wire laying and releasing device according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wire laying mechanism in the wire laying and releasing device according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the air flow type drying nozzle in the wire laying mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the spiral optical fiber and the air inflation type guiding die according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the spiral optical fiber and the air inflation type guiding die from another angle according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 Axial sectional view of the air inflation type guiding die according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the spiral-shaped optical fiber and the air inflation type positioning die according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the spiral-shaped optical fiber and the air inflation type positioning die from another angle according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 18 Partial sectional view of the structure of the air inflation type positioning die according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Labeling components: 100 - sensing optical fiber, 101 - serpentine optical fiber, 102 - helical optical fiber, 103 - spiral optical fiber, 200 - inflatable guiding die, 201 - base tube, 202 - guiding airbag, 203 - first air chamber, 204 - first injection hole, 205 - base seat, 206 - first air charging pipe, 207 - conduction port, 300 - inflatable positioning die, 301 - disc-shaped airbag, 302 - rubber edge, 303 - base disc, 304 - second air chamber, 305 - second air charging pipe, 306 - elastic tube, 307 - second injection hole, 308 - injection joint, 309 - injection branch pipe, 310 - annular tube, 311 - joint pipe, 400 - circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism, 401 - arc-shaped guide rail, 402 - fixed seat, 403 - arc-shaped rack, 404 - guide seat, 405 - first motor, 406 - first transmission gear, 500 - second motor, 600 - telescopic driving member, 700 - adapter seat, 800 - grinding and dust suction mechanism, 801 - grinding body, 802 - dust guiding groove, 803 - dust suction channel, 804 - first connecting edge, 805 - first tube body, 806 - conduction channel, 807 - first joint, 808 - second tube body, 809 - second joint, 810 - connecting hose, 811 - upper fixed edge, 812 - lower fixed edge, 813 - first conical spring, 814 - second conical spring, 815 - third conical spring, 816 - third motor, 817 - second transmission gear, 818 - third transmission gear, 819 - annular disc brush, 820 - second connecting edge, 900 - wiring mechanism, 901 - assembly seat, 902 - winding drum, 903 - wire hole, 904 - first wheel seat, 905 - guide wheel, 906 - second wheel seat, 907 - wiring wheel, 908 - third wheel seat, 909 - glue coating wheel, 910 - glue coating hole, 911 - glue injection hose, 912 - adapter plate, 913 - air flow type drying nozzle, 914 - arc-shaped air outlet, 915 - air guide pipe, 916 - fourth motor. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] The present invention discloses a multi-scale deformation monitoring method for roadway roof, as Figure 1 shown, which includes the following steps: Step 1. Arrange the sensing optical fiber 100 on the surface of the roadway roof, such that the sensing optical fiber 100 is arranged in a serpentine form to form a serpentine optical fiber 101, and then connect the end of the serpentine optical fiber 101 to a demodulator; Step 2. Use the sensing optical fiber 100 to make multiple spiral-shaped structures to form multiple spiral optical fibers 103. Fix the spiral optical fibers 103 at the convex and concave parts of the roadway roof respectively, and shape the spiral optical fibers 103 on the outer surface of the convex part or the outer surface of the concave part. Then connect the ends of the spiral optical fibers 103 to the demodulator; Step 3. Use a drill to drill holes at intervals in the roadway roof. Use the sensing optical fiber 100 to make multiple spring-shaped structures to form multiple helical optical fibers 102. Fix the helical optical fibers 102 in the holes, then seal the holes, and then connect the helical optical fibers 102 to the demodulator; Step 4. The demodulator is wirelessly connected to the monitoring center. The demodulator transmits the data to the monitoring center by wireless transmission, and the monitoring center analyzes and warns the data; Step 5. According to the analysis results, reinforce the structure of the roadway roof in the area pointed to by the alarm.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 2 - 12As shown, in step 1, the laying device is installed on the engineering vehicle, and the sensing optical fiber 100 is rolled up on the laying device. After that, the engineering vehicle is driven to travel in the underground tunnel along the extension direction of the underground tunnel, and the laying device is controlled to gradually arrange the sensing optical fiber 100 on the surface of the tunnel roof, so that the sensing optical fiber 100 is arranged in a serpentine form in coordination with the movement of the engineering vehicle. The specific structure of the laying device of this embodiment is that the laying device includes an angle adjustment member, a circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism 400, a telescopic drive member 600, an adapter 700, a grinding and dust collection mechanism 800 and a wiring mechanism 900. Among them, the circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism 400 is installed on the engineering vehicle, and the circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism 400 is connected to the telescopic driving member 600 through an angle adjustment member. The output end of the telescopic driving member 600 extends toward the tunnel roof, and the adapter 700 is installed at the output end of the telescopic driving member 600. The grinding and dust collection mechanism 800 and the wiring mechanism 900 are respectively installed on the adapter 700. The working principle and advantage of this embodiment are: the grinding and dust collection mechanism 800 of this embodiment grinds the surface of the tunnel roof, grinds the tiny uneven areas to be smooth, and the dust generated by the grinding is sucked away to avoid affecting the installation and fixation of the sensing optical fiber 100. The wiring mechanism 900 is used to arrange the sensing optical fiber 100 on the surface of the tunnel roof, and bond and fix the sensing optical fiber 100 to the tunnel roof. The telescopic driving member 600 is used to drive the adapter 700, the grinding and dust collection mechanism 800 and the wiring mechanism 900 to move toward the tunnel roof, so that the grinding and dust collection mechanism 800 and the wiring mechanism 900 can perform grinding and wiring operations on tunnel roofs of different sizes. This embodiment controls the action of the circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism 400 to indirectly drive the polishing and dust collection mechanism 800 and the wiring mechanism 900 to move circumferentially along the tunnel roof, so that the sensing optical fiber 100 moves circumferentially along the tunnel roof, thereby forming a transverse portion of the serpentine optical fiber 101 (this transverse portion is fixed on the surface of the tunnel roof, and the transverse portion is not a straight line, but has the same curved shape as the circumferential surface of the tunnel roof); when the polishing and dust collection mechanism 800 and the wiring mechanism 900 move to one side of the circumferential surface of the tunnel roof, the angle adjustment member is controlled to act so as to drive the telescopic driving member 600 to rotate 90°. At this time, the polishing and dust collection mechanism 800 and the wiring mechanism 900 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel roof, and the polishing and dust collection mechanism 800 is in front and the wiring mechanism 900 is in the back, so as to achieve the purpose of polishing first and then wiring. The angle adjustment member of this embodiment is a second motor 500, the telescopic driving member 600 is a driving electric cylinder or a driving oil cylinder, and the output shaft of the second motor 500 is fixedly connected to the end of the cylinder body.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4As shown, the circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism 400 includes an arc-shaped guide rail 401 and a first motor 405. The arc-shaped guide rail 401 protrudes towards the roadway roof, and the arc-shaped guide rail 401 extends along the circumferential curve of the roadway roof. Two fixed seats 402 are symmetrically constructed at the lower end of the arc-shaped guide rail 401, and both of these fixed seats 402 are connected to the engineering vehicle. An arc-shaped rack 403 is constructed on the arc-shaped guide rail 401. The two ends of the arc-shaped rack 403 extend along the shape of the arc-shaped guide rail 401 to the two ends of the arc-shaped guide rail 401. A guide seat 404 is slidably assembled on the arc-shaped guide rail 401, and the first motor 405 is installed on the guide seat 404. A first transmission gear 406 is coaxially assembled on the output shaft of the first motor 405, and the first transmission gear 406 meshes with the arc-shaped rack 403. In this way, when controlling the operation of the first motor 405, through the transmission of the first transmission gear 406 and the arc-shaped rack 403, the first motor 405 moves from one end of the arc-shaped guide rail 401 to the other end. After that, controlling the first motor 405 to act in the reverse direction, the first motor 405 moves in the reverse direction on the arc-shaped guide rail 401, thereby achieving the purpose of indirectly driving the grinding and dust suction mechanism 800 and the wiring mechanism 900 to reciprocate circumferentially along the roadway roof.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 5 - 10As shown in the figure, the grinding and dust suction mechanism 800 includes a grinding disc, an annular disc brush 819, an elastic joint assembly and a power assembly. Among them, the annular disc brush 819 is sleeved outside the grinding disc. One end of the grinding disc away from the roadway roof is connected to the elastic joint assembly. The suction port of the exhaust fan is communicated with the grinding disc through the elastic joint assembly. The power assembly is constructed between the adapter seat 700 and the elastic joint assembly. The power assembly is used to drive the elastic joint assembly to drive the grinding disc to rotate. When the grinding and dust suction mechanism 800 of this embodiment grinds the surface of the roadway roof, since the roadway roof is not completely smooth, when encountering pits or protrusions, the grinding disc contacts and is stressed, so that the elastic joint assembly changes its shape, which facilitates the grinding disc to smoothly pass through the pit or protrusion area. The specific structure of the grinding disc in this embodiment is that the grinding disc includes a grinding body 801. The top end of the grinding body 801 is in a concave shape. The hemispherical surface of the grinding body 801 faces the roadway roof. A dust suction channel 803 is opened at the center of the grinding body 801. The dust suction channel 803 is communicated with the elastic joint assembly. A plurality of dust guiding grooves 802 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the hemispherical surface. One end of each dust guiding groove 802 extends to the outer edge of the hemispherical surface, and the other end of the dust guiding groove 802 extends to the port of the dust suction channel 803. Due to the hemispherical surface design of the grinding body 801 in this embodiment, when the grinding body 801 encounters pits, protrusions and arc-shaped areas, it can ensure effective grinding of the surface of the roadway roof; and when the shape of the elastic joint assembly changes, there is also an effective grinding surface for grinding operations. The dust generated by grinding enters the dust suction channel 803 through the respective dust guiding grooves 802 under the action of suction, and then is discharged through the elastic joint assembly. In this embodiment, a first connecting edge 804 is constructed on the outer periphery of the grinding body 801, and a second connecting edge 820 is constructed on the inner periphery of the annular disc brush 819. The annular disc brush 819 is sleeved outside the grinding body 801. The first connecting edge 804 and the second connecting edge 820 are sleeved together with each other. The first connecting edge 804 and the second connecting edge 820 are connected and fixed by a plurality of connecting bolts. The annular disc brush 819 rotates with the grinding body 801 and sweeps the ground area to avoid the influence of residual dust, debris, etc. on subsequent wiring operations.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 7 - 9As shown, the elastic joint assembly includes a first pipe body 805, a second pipe body 808 and an elastic connecting piece. The mutually approaching ends of the first pipe body 805 and the second pipe body 808 are joined by a joint. Specifically, a first joint 807 is formed at one end of the first pipe body 805 close to the second pipe body 808, and a second joint 809 is formed at one end of the second pipe body 808 close to the first pipe body 805. The first joint 807 is movably assembled within the second joint 809, and a conduction channel 806 is formed within the first pipe body 805, the second pipe body 808, the first joint 807 and the second joint 809. One end of the first pipe body 805 remote from the second pipe body 808 is formed at the center of one end of the grinding body 801 facing away from the roadway roof. One end of the second pipe body 808 remote from the first pipe body 805 is rotatably connected to the output end of the telescopic driving member 600. A connecting hose 810 is formed on the second pipe body 808, and the connecting hose 810 communicates the exhaust fan and the conduction channel 806. The first pipe body 805 communicates with the dust suction channel 803 through the conduction channel 806. The elastic connecting piece is sleeved on the connection portion of the first pipe body 805 and the second pipe body 808. An upper fixing edge 811 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the first pipe body 805, and a lower fixing edge 812 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the second pipe body 808 or the outer peripheral wall of the second joint 809. The two ends of the elastic connecting piece are respectively connected to the upper fixing edge 811 and the lower fixing edge 812. The elastic connecting piece of the present embodiment includes various structures. First, it is the structure shown in Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the elastic connecting piece is a first conical spring 813. The two ends of the first conical spring 813 are respectively connected to the upper fixing edge 811 and the lower fixing edge 812. When the grinding body 801 grinds the surface of the roadway roof, the first conical spring 813 will undergo a certain angle of torsion. As the grinding force increases, the torsion angle of the first conical spring 813 increases, affecting the bending deformation of the elastic joint assembly. To avoid excessive torsion, the second elastic connecting piece is adopted in the present embodiment. The second elastic connecting piece is the structure shown in Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the elastic connecting piece includes a second conical spring 814 and a third conical spring 815 that are sleeved with each other. The second conical spring 814 and the third conical spring 815 have opposite winding directions, and the small-diameter ends of the second conical spring 814 and the third conical spring 815 are both connected to the upper fixing edge 811, and the large-diameter ends of the second conical spring 814 and the third conical spring 815 are both connected to the lower fixing edge 812. When the second conical spring 814 is subjected to a torsional external force, the third conical spring 815 elastically offsets the torsional external force, or when the third conical spring 815 is subjected to a torsional external force, the second conical spring 814 elastically offsets the torsional external force, thereby avoiding excessive torsion of the elastic connecting piece. The third elastic connecting piece is a corrugated spring. The two ends of the corrugated spring are respectively connected to the upper fixing edge 811 and the lower fixing edge 812. The corrugated spring has better anti-torsion performance.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 10 shown, the specific structure of the power assembly is that the power assembly includes a third motor 816, which is installed on the adapter base 700. A second transmission gear 817 is coaxially installed on the output shaft of the third motor 816. A third transmission gear 818 is coaxially installed outside the second tube body 808. The second transmission gear 817 and the third transmission gear 818 are meshed with each other. In this embodiment, by controlling the operation of the third motor 816, it drives the elastic joint assembly to rotate through gear transmission. During the rotation process of the elastic joint assembly, the grinding body 801 is driven to grind the surface of the roadway roof.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 11 、 12As shown in the figure, the wiring mechanism 900 includes an assembly seat 901, a winding machine, a first wheel seat 904, a second wheel seat 906, a third wheel seat 908, and an air-flow drying nozzle 913. Among them, the winch includes a winch drum 902 and a fourth motor 916. The winch drum 902 is rotatably installed on the assembly seat 901, and the fourth motor 916 is installed on the assembly seat 901. Moreover, the output shaft of the fourth motor 916 is coaxially connected to one axial end of the winch drum 902. The sensing optical fiber 100 is wound on the winding machine. The assembly seat 901 is installed on the adapter seat 700. A wire hole 903 is provided on the adapter seat 700. One end of the sensing optical fiber 100 passes through the adapter seat 700 through the wire hole 903. In this embodiment, one end of the first wheel seat 904 is fixed to the assembly seat 901, one end of the second wheel seat 906 is pivotally connected to the end of the first wheel seat 904 away from the assembly seat 901, and one end of the third wheel seat 908 is pivotally connected to the end of the second wheel seat 906 away from the first wheel seat 904; a guide wheel 905 is rotatably installed on the first wheel seat 904, a wiring wheel 907 is rotatably installed on the second wheel seat 906, a glue-applying wheel 909 is rotatably installed on the third wheel seat 908, a first torsion spring is installed at the connection between the first wheel seat 904 and the second wheel seat 906, a second torsion spring is installed at the connection between the second wheel seat 906 and the third wheel seat 908, the third wheel seat 908 is connected to the air-flow drying nozzle 913 through an adapter plate 912, and one end of the sensing optical fiber 100 sequentially passes through the guide wheel 905, the wiring wheel 907, the glue-applying wheel 909, and the air-flow drying nozzle 913. The functions of the first torsion spring and the second torsion spring in this embodiment are to force the wiring wheel 907 and the glue-applying wheel 909 to always be in elastic contact with the surface of the roadway roof. The wiring wheel 907 is used to position the sensing optical fiber 100 on the surface of the roadway roof. The adhesive is coated on the surfaces of the sensing optical fiber 100 and the roadway roof through the glue-applying wheel 909, and then the sensing optical fiber 100 is bonded to the surface of the roadway roof. After that, hot air is discharged through the air-flow drying nozzle 913 to dry the adhesive and make it quickly solidify. The glue-applying wheel 909 in this embodiment has a hollow glue-injecting cavity. A plurality of glue-applying holes 910 are evenly provided on the circumferential surface of the glue-applying wheel 909. These glue-applying holes 910 are all communicated with the glue-injecting cavity. A glue-injecting hose 911 is rotatably connected to one axial end of the glue-applying wheel 909 (the glue-injecting hose 911 is a rubber hose. The end of the rubber hose is rotatably connected to the axial end of the glue-applying wheel 909 through a quick connector, and the rubber hose has a certain hardness to ensure that the rubber hose will not be twisted during the rotation of the glue-applying wheel 909). The glue-injecting hose 911 is communicated with the glue-injecting cavity. The inlet end of the glue-injecting hose 911 is connected to a delivery pump. The adhesive is continuously delivered to the glue-applying wheel 909 through the delivery pump, and then discharged through the glue-applying holes 910 and coated on the sensing optical fiber 100 and the roadway roof.In this embodiment, the air-flow drying nozzle 913 has an arc-shaped air outlet 914. The middle of the arc-shaped air outlet 914 is arc-shaped and convex. The position where the sensing optical fiber 100 is positioned on the roadway roof corresponds to the arc-shaped convex of the arc-shaped air outlet 914. At one end of the air-flow drying nozzle 913 far from the arc-shaped air outlet 914, an air duct 915 is constructed. Hot air enters the air-flow drying nozzle 913 through the air duct 915 and is then discharged from the arc-shaped air outlet 914. Since the arc-shaped air outlet 914 is in an arc shape, it ensures that the hot air fully blows to the sensing optical fiber 100 and effectively dries the adhesive.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 16 - 18As shown in the figure, in step 2, the inflatable positioning die 300 is used to assemble the spiral optical fiber 103 at the convex or concave part of the roadway roof, and the inflatable positioning die 300 is inflated, so that the inflatable positioning die 300 shapes the spiral optical fiber 103. The spiral optical fiber 103 deforms and adheres to the surface of the convex or concave part, so that the spiral optical fiber 103 is shaped into the form of a conical spring. Then, the adhesive is injected through the inflatable positioning die 300 to the surface of the convex or concave part, so that the spiral optical fiber 103 is adhered to the surface of the convex or concave part. After that, the inflatable positioning die 300 is deflated, and then the inflatable positioning die 300 is disassembled. The specific structure of the inflatable positioning die 300 in this embodiment is that the inflatable positioning die 300 includes a base plate 303 and a disc-shaped airbag 301. The base plate 303 and the disc-shaped airbag 301 are coaxially fixed together, and a second air chamber 304 is formed therebetween. A second inflatable tube 305 is constructed on the base plate 303, and the second inflatable tube 305 is communicated with the second air chamber 304. A plurality of elastic tubes 306 are uniformly constructed in the second air chamber 304. The material of the elastic tubes 306 is the same as that of the disc-shaped airbag 301. Both ends of each elastic tube 306 are respectively connected to the base plate 303 and the disc-shaped airbag 301. A second injection hole 307 is formed in the elastic tube 306, and both ends of the second injection hole 307 respectively extend out of the base plate 303 and the disc-shaped airbag 301. In this embodiment, a plurality of injection joints 308 are constructed at one end of the base plate 303 away from the disc-shaped airbag 301. These injection joints 308 are in one-to-one communication with a plurality of elastic tubes 306, and these injection joints 308 are connected through an annular tube 310 and a plurality of injection branch tubes 309. The annular tube 310 is communicated with each injection branch tube 309. One end of these injection branch tubes 309 away from the annular tube 310 is communicated with a joint tube 311. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: In this embodiment, the spiral optical fiber 103 is arranged at one end of the disc-shaped airbag 301 away from the base plate 303. Then, the disc-shaped airbag 301 is arranged at the convex or concave part of the roadway roof, and then the second air chamber 304 is inflated. The gas forces the disc-shaped airbag 301 to deform, so that the disc-shaped airbag 301 gradually adheres to the surface of the convex or concave part. During the deformation of the disc-shaped airbag 301, the spiral optical fiber 103 is shaped, so that the spiral optical fiber 103 adheres to the surface of the convex or concave part. Then, the adhesive is injected into the joint 308 tube. In this way, the adhesive is filled into the connection between the spiral optical fiber 103 and the roadway roof through the second injection hole 307 to achieve the purpose of adhesion. The adhesive in this embodiment is generally an adhesive or a concrete slurry. A layer of degumming agent is pre-coated on the surface of the disc-shaped airbag 301 to facilitate the subsequent disassembly operation of the disc-shaped airbag 301. In this embodiment, a rubber edge 302 is constructed at the outer periphery of the disc-shaped airbag 301 to improve the sealing performance between the outer edge of the disc-shaped airbag 301 and the roadway roof.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 13 - 15 shown, in step 3, the helical optical fiber 102 is sleeved outside the inflatable guiding die 200, and then the inflatable guiding die 200 is gradually inserted into the drilled hole. The helical optical fiber 102 is accordingly positioned in the hole. The adhesive is injected into the hole through the inflatable guiding die 200, so that the helical optical fiber 102 is adhered in the hole. After the adhesion is completed, the inflatable guiding die 200 is removed, and the hole is blocked. The specific structure of the inflatable guiding die 200 in this embodiment is that the inflatable guiding die 200 includes a base tube 201, an inflatable airbag 202 and a base seat 205. Among them, the base tube 201 is coaxially arranged inside the inflatable airbag 202. The base seat 205 is connected to one end of the base tube 201, and the base seat 205 closes the corresponding port of the inflatable airbag 202. A first air chamber 203 is formed between the inflatable airbag 202 and the base tube 201. A plurality of first injection holes 204 are formed in the peripheral wall of the base tube 201 at the end far from the base seat 205. Each first injection hole 204 communicates with the outside through the inflatable airbag 202, and the first injection hole 204 is separated from the first air chamber 203. A first air charging tube 206 is constructed on the base seat 205, and the first air charging tube 206 communicates with the first air chamber 203. A plurality of conduction ports 207 are formed in the base seat 205. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: The helical optical fiber 102 is sleeved outside the inflatable airbag 202, and the inflatable airbag 202 is inserted into the corresponding hole, ensuring that the helical optical fiber 102 will not be deformed after entering the hole. At this time, the base seat 205 is located at the end of the hole. Then, the adhesive (concrete slurry or adhesive) is injected into the base tube 201. The adhesive enters the hole through the first injection holes 204, and the inflatable airbag 202 is gradually deflated. The adhesive gradually fills the hole, and the excess adhesive is discharged from the hole through the conduction ports 207. When the helical optical fiber 102 is fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the hole, the inflatable guiding die 200 is gradually withdrawn from the hole. At the same time, the adhesive is continuously injected into the hole. When the inflatable guiding die 200 is completely withdrawn from the hole, the hole is filled with the adhesive. Then, the port of the hole is closed with a sealing plug. In this embodiment, due to the adoption of the inflatable guiding die 200, the inflation of the inflatable airbag 202 by gas realizes the introduction of holes with different radial lengths, effectively positions the helical optical fibers 102 of different models, and avoids the situation that the pitch of the helical optical fiber 102 changes or the helical optical fiber 102 is locally deformed during the installation of the helical optical fiber 102 in the hole, and avoids the subsequent monitoring distortion situation.

[0028] The present invention also discloses a system constructed by using the above multi-scale deformation monitoring method for roadway roof, which includes a serpentine optical fiber 101 fixed on the smooth surface of the roadway roof, spiral optical fibers 102 are spaced and anchored on the roadway roof, each spiral optical fiber 102 extends spirally in the vertical direction, and the serpentine optical fiber 101, the spiral optical fiber 102 and the spiral optical fibers 102 are all connected to a demodulator, and the demodulator is wirelessly connected to a monitoring center.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale deformation monitoring method for a tunnel roof, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1. Arrange the sensing optical fiber on the surface of the tunnel roof so that the sensing optical fiber is arranged in a serpentine shape and forms a serpentine optical fiber, and then connect the end of the serpentine optical fiber to the demodulator; Step 2. Use the sensing optical fiber to make a plurality of spiral-shaped structures and form a plurality of spiral optical fibers, fix the spiral optical fibers at the raised part and the recessed part of the tunnel roof, and shape the spiral optical fibers on the outer surface of the raised part or the outer surface of the recessed part, and then connect the ends of the spiral optical fibers to the demodulator; Step 3. Use a drilling machine to drill holes in the tunnel roof at intervals, use the sensing optical fiber to make multiple spring-shaped structures, and form multiple spiral optical fibers, fix the spiral optical fibers in the holes, then seal the holes, and then connect the spiral optical fibers to the demodulator; Step 4. The demodulator is wirelessly connected to the monitoring center. The demodulator transmits the data to the monitoring center by wireless transmission. The monitoring center analyzes the data and issues warnings. Step 5. Based on the analysis results, the tunnel roof in the area indicated by the alarm is structurally reinforced.

2. A tunnel roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the laying device is installed on the engineering vehicle, and the sensing optical fiber is rolled up on the laying device. After that, the engineering vehicle is driven in the underground tunnel along the extension direction of the underground tunnel, and the laying device is controlled to gradually arrange the sensing optical fiber on the surface of the tunnel roof. In coordination with the movement of the engineering vehicle, the sensing optical fiber is arranged in a serpentine shape.

3. A tunnel roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wiring device includes a telescopic driving member connected to a circumferential reciprocating swing mechanism through an angle adjustment member, the output end of the telescopic driving member extends toward the tunnel roof, an adapter is connected to the output end of the telescopic driving member, and a grinding and dust collection mechanism and a wiring mechanism are installed on the adapter.

4. A tunnel roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The grinding and dust collection mechanism includes a grinding disc, an annular disc brush, an elastic joint assembly and a power assembly. The annular disc brush is mounted on the outside of the grinding disc. The end of the grinding disc away from the tunnel roof is connected to the elastic joint assembly. The suction port of the exhaust fan is connected to the grinding disc through the elastic joint assembly. The power assembly is constructed between the adapter and the elastic joint assembly. The power assembly is used to drive the elastic joint assembly to drive the grinding disc to rotate.

5. A tunnel roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grinding disc includes a hemispherical grinding body with a concave top, the hemispherical surface of the grinding body faces the tunnel roof, a dust suction channel is opened at the center of the grinding body, the dust suction channel is connected with the elastic joint component, and a plurality of dust guide grooves are evenly opened along the circumference of the hemispherical surface, one end of each dust guide groove extends to the outer edge of the hemispherical surface, and the other end of the dust guide groove extends to the port of the dust suction channel.

6. A tunnel roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic joint assembly includes a first tube body, a second tube body and an elastic connecting piece. The first tube body and the second tube body are connected to each other by a joint at the close ends, and the first tube body and the second tube body are connected to each other. The end of the first tube body away from the second tube body is constructed at the center of the end of the grinding body facing away from the tunnel roof. The end of the second tube body away from the first tube body is rotatably connected to the output end of the telescopic driving member. A connecting hose connected to the exhaust fan is constructed on the second tube body. The first tube body is connected to the dust suction channel. The elastic connecting piece is mounted on the connection between the first tube body and the second tube body, and the two ends of the elastic connecting piece are respectively connected to the first tube body and the second tube body.

7. The method for monitoring multi-scale deformation of a tunnel roof according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wiring mechanism includes an assembly seat installed on an adapter seat, a winder is installed on the assembly seat, the sensing optical fiber is wound on the winder, a first wheel seat is fixed on the assembly seat, a second wheel seat is pivotally connected to one end of the first wheel seat away from the assembly seat, a third wheel seat is pivotally connected to one end of the second wheel seat away from the first wheel seat, a guide wheel is installed on the first wheel seat, a wiring wheel is installed on the second wheel seat, a glue coating wheel is installed on the third wheel seat, a first torsion spring is installed at the connection between the first wheel seat and the second wheel seat, a second torsion spring is installed at the connection between the second wheel seat and the third wheel seat, the third wheel seat is connected to an airflow drying nozzle through an adapter plate, and one end of the sensing optical fiber passes through the guide wheel, the wiring wheel, the glue coating wheel and the airflow drying nozzle in sequence.

8. The method for monitoring multi-scale deformation of a tunnel roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, an inflatable positioning mold is used to assemble the snail-shaped optical fiber on the raised or recessed portion of the tunnel roof, and the inflatable positioning mold is inflated so that the inflatable positioning mold shapes the snail-shaped optical fiber, and the snail-shaped optical fiber is deformed and adhered to the surface of the raised or recessed portion. Then, the adhesive is injected into the surface of the raised or recessed portion through the inflatable positioning mold so that the snail-shaped optical fiber is adhered to the surface of the raised or recessed portion. Thereafter, the inflatable positioning mold is vented and then the inflatable positioning mold is removed.

9. The method for monitoring multi-scale deformation of a tunnel roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the spiral optical fiber is placed outside the air-expanding introduction mold, and then the air-expanding introduction mold is gradually extended into the drilled hole. The spiral optical fiber is then positioned in the hole, and an adhesive is injected into the hole through the air-expanding introduction mold so that the spiral optical fiber is bonded to the hole. After bonding, the air-expanding introduction mold is removed and the hole is sealed.

10. A system constructed using the tunnel roof multi-scale deformation monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes a serpentine optical fiber fixed on the smooth surface of the tunnel roof, cochlear optical fibers are respectively fixed on the surfaces of the raised and recessed parts of the tunnel roof, and a plurality of spiral optical fibers are anchored on the tunnel roof at intervals, each of the spiral optical fibers extends in a spiral along a vertical direction, and the serpentine optical fiber, cochlear optical fiber and spiral optical fiber are all connected to a demodulator, and the demodulator is wirelessly connected to a monitoring center.

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