A hydraulic tailstock structure and control system with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and specifically discloses a hydraulic tailstock structure and control system with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, wherein the hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment includes a base and a top arranged on the base, and the base is also provided with: a diameter acquisition mechanism fixedly arranged on the end of the base facing one end of the workpiece, the diameter acquisition mechanism is used to output a linear driving power associated with the diameter parameter of the workpiece according to the diameter of the workpiece; a linkage adjustment member is transmission-connected to the diameter acquisition mechanism, and the linkage adjustment member is linearly moved in the inner cavity of the base; a force adjustment mechanism is fixedly installed on the base and connected to the linkage adjustment member, and is used to change the pressure applied to the top according to the moving stroke of the linkage adjustment member. The present invention solves the problem that the tailstock device generally lacks the adjustment capability of real-time linkage with the workpiece size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and particularly to a hydraulic tailstock structure and control system with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment. Background Art

[0002] During the numerical control machining process, the tailstock is a key structure for supporting the axial positioning and stability of the workpiece. Its clamping stability and adaptability directly affect the machining accuracy and the workpiece yield. Most traditional hydraulic tailstock structures are of fixed stiffness output or manual adjustment types, and cannot automatically adjust the pressing force applied to the tail end of the workpiece according to the characteristics of workpieces with different diameters, different rigidities or wall thicknesses. It is easy to occur that the thin-walled workpiece is deformed due to over-tight clamping, or the large workpiece has axial runout due to over-loose clamping. At the same time, in the prior art, the tailstock device generally lacks the adjustment ability of real-time linkage with the workpiece size, resulting in insufficient adaptability and complex operation of the tailstock system, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of modern high-efficiency and high-precision numerical control machining for an intelligent and adaptive clamping system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a hydraulic tailstock structure that can realize self-adjustment of the clamping force according to the workpiece size, so as to improve its applicability and safety during the machining process of multi-specification workpieces. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a hydraulic tailstock structure and control system with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, mainly aiming to solve the problem that the tailstock device generally lacks the adjustment ability of real-time linkage with the workpiece size, resulting in insufficient adaptability and complex operation of the tailstock system, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of modern high-efficiency and high-precision numerical control machining for an intelligent and adaptive clamping system.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, including a base and a center tip arranged on the base. The following are also arranged on the base:

[0005] A diameter acquisition mechanism, fixedly arranged at the end of the base facing the workpiece, and the diameter acquisition mechanism is used to output a linear driving force associated with the diameter parameter of the workpiece according to the diameter of the workpiece;

[0006] A linkage adjustment member, drivingly connected to the diameter acquisition mechanism, and the linkage adjustment member is linearly moved in the inner cavity of the base;

[0007] A force adjustment mechanism, fixedly installed on the base and connected to the linkage adjustment member, and used to change the pressing force on the center tip according to the moving stroke of the linkage adjustment member;

[0008] Among them, the diameter acquisition mechanism includes a plurality of measurement components that can approach or move away from the outer surface of the workpiece. When the measurement components move closer to the outer surface of the workpiece, the pressure exerted by the center point on the workpiece decreases.

[0009] In a feasible implementation manner, the diameter acquisition mechanism includes: a front panel disposed outside the base; a rotating disk rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the front panel, and the measurement components are simultaneously clamped between the front panel and the rotating disk; a servo motor fixedly installed outside the base, and an output end of the servo motor extends into the base, and the servo motor is used to control the rotation of the rotating disk to move the measurement components closer to or away from the workpiece; a pneumatic control component is connected to all the measurement components, and the pneumatic control component is used to control all the measurement components to maintain a safe distance from the workpiece during turning of the workpiece.

[0010] In a feasible implementation manner, the front panel is further provided with: a cover plate buckled on the base; a plurality of sliding grooves are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the cover plate, and the measurement components can move in the sliding grooves; a sleeve is fixedly arranged in the middle of the cover plate, and the middle of the sleeve is in a cavity state for providing a placement space for the center point and the workpiece; a centripetal limiting groove is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding groove on the side away from the workpiece.

[0011] In a feasible implementation manner, the rotating disk is further provided with: a toothed ring fixedly arranged on the wall surface of the rotating disk; the servo motor is drivingly connected to the toothed ring through a gear on its output end; a plurality of inclined grooves are respectively equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction on the rotating disk, and the distances from the two ends of each inclined groove to the axis of the rotating disk are different; a side ring is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating disk farther from the workpiece, and the side ring can rotatably sleeved outside the sleeve.

[0012] In a feasible implementation manner, an annular groove is arranged inside the side ring, and a plurality of limiting grooves are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the annular groove, and the linkage adjustment member can be clamped in the limiting grooves and telescopically move in the length direction of the center point.

[0013] In a feasible implementation manner, a middle cylinder is further arranged in the middle of the base, the middle cylinder is coaxially and identically externally diametered with the sleeve, threads are arranged on the outer surfaces of the middle cylinder and the sleeve, and the annular groove is screwed outside the threads.

[0014] In a feasible implementation manner, the measurement component includes: a sliding seat. The sliding seat can slide synchronously in the centripetal limiting groove and the inclined groove; a fixed rod is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the sliding seat in the direction of the workpiece. An activity cavity is further formed inside the fixed rod near one end close to the workpiece; a telescopic rod is clamped in the activity cavity in a telescopic manner, and the outer end of the telescopic rod extends to the outside of the fixed rod; an interface is formed at one end of the sliding seat located in the inner cavity of the base, and the interface is used to be connected with the pneumatic control component; an air duct is formed in the inner cavities of the fixed rod and the sliding seat in the middle, and the two ends are respectively communicated with the interface and the activity cavity.

[0015] In a feasible implementation manner, the pneumatic control component includes: a gas metering pump fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the base. The driving end of the gas metering pump is located in the inner cavity of the base and on the side of the turntable far from the workpiece. A porous connector is arranged on the driving end of the gas metering pump; a plurality of branch pipes, one end of which is connected to the interface and the other end is connected to the porous connector.

[0016] In a feasible implementation manner, the force adjustment mechanism includes: a hydraulic cylinder fixedly arranged at the middle position of the outer wall of the base on the side far from the diameter acquisition mechanism. A top end capable of linear movement is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder; a secondary cylinder is fixed on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder, and the inner cavity of the secondary cylinder is communicated with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder; one end of a force application rod extends into the inner cavity of the secondary cylinder, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the base and is exactly corresponding to the end face position of the linkage adjustment part; a ball is clamped in the end face of the force application rod in a universal rolling manner and is in contact with the end face of the linkage adjustment part; a movable sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder in a linear movement manner, and the movable sleeve is also fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the force application rod.

[0017] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a hydraulic tailstock control system for diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, including the hydraulic tailstock structure for diameter linkage stiffness adjustment as described in the first aspect, and further including: a pressure sensor is arranged in the middle of the top end and is used to obtain the pressure applied by the top end to the workpiece in real time; a controller is signal-connected to the diameter acquisition mechanism and the pressure sensor and is used to control the measurement component to move towards the workpiece when the workpiece is tightened to the standard pressure state, and during the movement process, synchronously drive the linkage adjustment part to contract to slow down the pressure applied by the force adjustment mechanism to the top end.

[0018] A hydraulic tailstock structure and control system with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment provided by the present application adopts a tailstock structure with adjustable stiffness of the center point linked to the workpiece diameter. By setting a diameter acquisition mechanism, a linkage adjustment part and a force adjustment mechanism cooperating with it on the base, a linkage control system that can automatically adjust the pressure applied by the center point according to the workpiece diameter is constructed. This structure can automatically drive the linkage adjustment part to achieve displacement according to the change of the outer diameter of the workpiece sensed by the measurement component, and then change the pressure applied to the center point through the force adjustment mechanism to achieve flexible adjustment of the clamping force. Especially when clamping small-diameter or thin-walled workpieces, the system can automatically reduce the applied pressure to effectively avoid deformation of the workpiece caused by excessive clamping; while when clamping large-diameter or high-rigidity workpieces, it can match high pressure to ensure clamping stability, thereby improving the force uniformity and tailstock stability during the entire machining process. This solution significantly improves the adaptability, intelligent level and overall machining accuracy of the tailstock structure to workpieces of different specifications, and has good practical value and popularization prospects. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment provided by an embodiment of the present application from a first angle;

[0020] Figure 2 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment provided by an embodiment of the present application from a second angle;

[0021] Figure 3 Shows a schematic plane sectional structural diagram of the hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the front panel provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the rotating disk provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the inclined groove provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the force adjustment mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the gear ring provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 9 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the telescopic rod provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 10The schematic installation structure diagram of the hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment provided by the embodiment of the present application in a numerical control machine tool is shown.

[0029] In the figure: 10, base; 20, diameter acquisition mechanism; 30, force adjustment mechanism; 40, workpiece; 50, linkage adjustment member; 60, center point; 11, middle cylinder; 12, thread; 21, front panel; 22, rotating disk; 23, measurement component; 24, servo motor; 25, pneumatic control component; 211, cover plate; 212, sliding groove; 213, sleeve; 214, centripetal limiting groove; 221, gear ring; 222, inclined groove; 223, side ring; 231, sliding seat; 232, fixed rod; 233, telescopic rod; 234, movable cavity; 235, air duct; 236, interface; 241, gear; 251, gas metering pump; 252, multi-hole connector; 253, branch pipe; 31, hydraulic cylinder; 32, auxiliary cylinder; 33, force application rod; 331, ball; 34, movable sleeve; 51, limiting groove; 61, pressure sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] In order to better understand the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific features in the embodiments of this specification and the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. Without conflict, the technical features in the embodiments of this specification and the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0031] In this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or sequence between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "including a..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element. The term "more than two" includes two or more than two cases.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 , the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, including a base 10 and a center point 60 provided on the base 10. The base 10 is further provided with: a diameter acquisition mechanism 20, a force adjustment mechanism 30 and a linkage adjustment member 50.

[0033] Specifically, the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 is fixedly arranged on the end portion of the base 10 facing one end of the workpiece 40, and the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 is used to output a linear driving force associated with the diameter parameter of the workpiece 40 according to the diameter of the workpiece 40; the linkage adjustment member 50 is transmission-connected to the diameter acquisition mechanism 20, and the linkage adjustment member 50 is linearly movable in the inner cavity of the base 10; the force adjustment mechanism 30 is fixedly mounted on the base 10 and connected to the linkage adjustment member 50, and is used to change the pressure applied to the top 60 according to the moving stroke of the linkage adjustment member 50; wherein, the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 includes a plurality of measuring components 23 that can approach or move away from the outer surface of the workpiece 40, and when the measuring component 23 moves close to the outer surface of the workpiece 40, the pressure applied by the top 60 to the workpiece 40 is reduced.

[0034] In this embodiment, the hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment is provided, by setting the synergy between the diameter acquisition mechanism 20, the linkage adjustment member 50 and the force adjustment mechanism 30, so as to realize the function of automatically adjusting the force applied by the top 60 according to the diameter of different workpieces 40, thereby improving the adaptability and stability of the tailstock to workpieces 40 of different specifications during the CNC machining process. Specifically, the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 is installed on the end of the base 10 facing the workpiece 40, and is provided with a plurality of measuring components 23 that can approach or move away from the surface of the workpiece 40 in the radial direction. When the measuring components 23 contact or approach the outer diameter of the workpiece 40, a displacement signal or a linear driving force corresponding to the size of the workpiece 40 can be output, thereby driving the linkage adjustment member 50 to slide axially in the inner cavity of the base 10. The displacement of the linkage adjustment member 50 is related to the diameter of the workpiece 40, and is connected to the force adjustment mechanism 30 by mechanical transmission. The force adjustment mechanism 30 can automatically adjust the output characteristics of the internal hydraulic system or the elastic loading structure according to the displacement, and finally control the magnitude of the axial clamping force applied by the top 60 to the tail end of the workpiece 40.

[0035] It is worth noting that, in this structure, when the diameter of the workpiece 40 is small, the approaching action of the measuring component 23 causes the linkage adjustment member 50 to move forward, thereby reducing the output pressure of the force adjustment mechanism 30 and avoiding excessive axial extrusion damage and deformation to the thin-walled or small-diameter workpiece 40; and when the diameter of the workpiece 40 is large, the measuring component 23 moves away therefrom, and the linkage adjustment member 50 retreats, so that the pressure applied by the force adjustment mechanism 30 is in a stronger state, thereby achieving reliable support for the large workpiece 40, thereby effectively ensuring the force uniformity and tailstock stability during the processing, and improving the overall processing accuracy and equipment adaptability.

[0036] like Figures 3 to 9As shown, in some examples, further, the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 includes: a front panel 21, a rotating disk 22, a servo motor 24, and a pneumatic control component 25. The front panel 21 is disposed outside the base 10; the rotating disk 22 is rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the front panel 21, and the measuring component 23 is simultaneously clamped in the front panel 21 and the rotating disk 22; the servo motor 24 is fixedly installed outside the base 10, and the output end of the servo motor 24 extends into the base 10. The servo motor 24 is used to control the rotation of the rotating disk 22, so that the measuring component 23 moves closer to or away from the workpiece 40; the pneumatic control component 25 is connected to all the measuring components 23, and the pneumatic control component 25 is used to control all the measuring components 23 to maintain a safe distance from the workpiece 40 during the turning of the workpiece 40.

[0037] In this embodiment, the structure of the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 is further optimized to improve its response efficiency to the diameter change of the workpiece 40 and the measurement safety. The diameter acquisition mechanism 20 includes a front panel 21 disposed outside the base 10, a rotating disk 22 installed in the inner cavity of the front panel 21, a servo motor 24 for driving the rotation of the rotating disk 22, and a pneumatic control component 25 connected to each measuring component 23. The rotating disk 22 is rotatably arranged around an axis and is synchronously linked with a plurality of measuring components 23 through a clamping structure, serving as a force-applying component for synchronously driving the movement of the plurality of measuring components 23. One end of the measuring component 23 respectively passes through the front panel 21 and the rotating disk 22 to achieve radial guiding and axial limiting. Thus, when the rotating disk 22 is controlled to rotate, it drives the whole measuring component 23 to approach or move away from the workpiece 40, realizing the dynamic measurement of the outer contour of workpieces 40 with different diameters. The servo motor 24 is fixedly installed outside the base 10, and its output shaft penetrates into the base 10 and is connected to the center of the rotating disk 22, for controlling the rotation angle and speed of the rotating disk 22 to achieve the rapid positioning of the measuring component 23 among workpieces 40 of multiple specifications. In addition, to prevent the measuring component 23 from accidentally touching the workpiece 40 and causing damage during the actual turning process, a pneumatic control component 25 is also provided in this embodiment. Through the gas path channels connected to all the measuring components 23, gas is released timely before or during the processing to drive all the measuring components 23 to withdraw from the working area as a whole, so that they maintain a safe distance from the high-speed rotating workpiece 40, thereby improving the reliability and adaptability of the tailstock system under high-speed processing and further enhancing the practicality and intelligent control ability of the device.

[0038] As Figure 4As shown, in some examples, furthermore, the front panel 21 is further provided with: a cover plate 211, a plurality of sliding grooves 212, a sleeve 213 and a centripetal limiting groove 214. The cover plate 211 is buckled on the base 10. The plurality of sliding grooves 212 are equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the cover plate 211 in the circumferential direction, and the measuring assembly 23 can move in the sliding grooves 212. The sleeve 213 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the cover plate 211. The middle of the sleeve 213 is in a cavity state, which is used to provide an installation space for the center point 60 and the workpiece 40. The centripetal limiting groove 214 is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding groove 212 on the side far from the workpiece 40.

[0039] In this embodiment, a cover plate 211 is arranged outside the front panel 21. The cover plate 211 is fixedly installed on the base 10 by a buckling method, forming a protection and enclosure structure for the internal measuring mechanism. A plurality of sliding grooves 212 are equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the cover plate 211 in the circumferential direction. Each sliding groove 212 is used to define the radial movement track of the corresponding measuring assembly 23, so that the measuring assembly 23 has a reliable guiding path when detecting the diameter of the workpiece 40. A sleeve 213 structure is also arranged in the center of the cover plate 211. The sleeve 213 is in the form of a cavity, which is used to provide an installation space for the center point 60 to extend and position the tail end of the workpiece 40, so as to maintain the overall compactness and functional independence of the device. In order to further limit the maximum outward movement stroke of the measuring assembly 23, a centripetal limiting groove 214 is also arranged on the outer wall of each sliding groove 212 near the end far from the workpiece 40. The limiting groove 51 prevents the measuring assembly 23 from exceeding the track range of the sliding groove 212 through a mechanical locking or blocking structure, so as to avoid the component from coming out or shifting due to external force or misoperation.

[0040] As Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, in some examples, furthermore, the rotating disk 22 is further provided with: a gear ring 221, a plurality of inclined grooves 222 and a side ring 223. The gear ring 221 is fixedly arranged on the wall surface of the rotating disk 22. The servo motor 24 is drivingly connected to the gear ring 221 through the gear 241 on its output end. The plurality of inclined grooves 222 are respectively equidistantly arranged on the rotating disk 22 in the circumferential direction. The distances from the two ends of each inclined groove 222 to the axis of the rotating disk 22 are different. The side ring 223 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating disk 22 farther from the workpiece 40. The side ring 223 can rotatably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve 213.

[0041] In this embodiment, in order to further achieve synchronous driving and structural linkage control of the measuring assembly 23, structural elements such as a gear ring 221, a plurality of inclined grooves 222, and a side ring 223 are provided on the rotating disk 22. The gear ring 221 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating disk 22, and its tooth shape matches the gear 241 connected to the output end of the servo motor 24. Through the meshing transmission between the gear 241 and the gear ring 221, the servo motor 24 can accurately control the angular change of the rotating disk 22 to realize the orderly unfolding and retraction of the plurality of measuring assemblies 23. To cooperate with the linkage guidance of the radial measuring assembly 23, a plurality of inclined grooves 222 are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction on the rotating disk 22. Each inclined groove 222 has a non-uniform diameter distribution, and the distances from its two ends to the axis of the rotating disk 22 are different. Through the inclined groove structure, the measuring assembly 23 can generate a radial displacement along an inclined trajectory during the rotation of the rotating disk 22. At the same time, with the path restriction of the centripetal limiting groove 214, a linear pushing effect can be obtained while realizing the rotational motion, so that the plurality of measuring assemblies 23 can synchronously approach or move away from the workpiece 40. The side ring 223 located on the side of the rotating disk 22 away from the workpiece 40 is fixed on the outside of the rotating disk 22 and is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the sleeve 213 in the middle of the cover plate 211. The side ring 223 not only plays a role in rotational guidance and support stability, forming a limit in the entire structure of the rotating disk 22, but also serves as a limiting component for the linkage adjusting member 50, enabling the linkage adjusting member to perform a linear action during its movement.

[0042] As Figure 6 and Figure 9 shown, in some examples, further, an annular groove is provided inside the side ring 223, and a plurality of limiting grooves 51 are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the annular groove. The linkage adjusting member 50 can be snap-fitted into the limiting grooves 51 and telescopically move in the length direction of the center tip 60. A middle cylinder 11 is also provided in the middle of the base 10. The middle cylinder 11 has the same axis and the same outer diameter as the sleeve 213. Threads 12 are provided on the outer surfaces of the middle cylinder 11 and the sleeve 213, and the annular groove is screwed outside the threads 12.

[0043] In this embodiment, to further achieve the structural coupling and displacement control between the linkage adjusting member 50 and the measuring mechanism, an annular groove is designed inside the side ring 223. A plurality of limiting grooves 51 are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the groove. Each limiting groove 51 is used to guide and position the linkage adjusting member 50 in the linear direction (axial direction of the workpiece 40). One end of the linkage adjusting member 50 is inserted and clamped in the corresponding limiting groove 51 in a telescopic manner, and can axially move along the length direction of the center point 60, thereby converting the rotational displacement of the measuring assembly 23 into a linear stroke adjustment acting on the tailstock center point 60. At the same time, a middle cylinder 11 structure is also arranged in the middle of the base 10. The middle cylinder 11 and the original front sleeve 213 are coaxially arranged and have the same outer diameter. Corresponding threads 12 are machined on the outer walls of both, so as to realize the threaded connection and installation of the annular groove. The annular groove meshes with the thread 12 on the outer wall of the middle cylinder 11 or the sleeve 213, so that the linkage adjusting member 50 can achieve an adjustable axial limit and fixation effect. In addition, this threaded connection method is also convenient for fine adjustment of the assembly accuracy of the linkage adjustment mechanism during maintenance, replacement or adjustment.

[0044] As Figure 9 shown, in some examples, furthermore, the measuring assembly 23 includes: a sliding seat 231, a fixed rod 232, a telescopic rod 233, an air duct 235 and an interface 236. The sliding seat 231 can slide synchronously in the centripetal limiting groove 214 and the inclined groove 222; the fixed rod 232 is fixedly arranged on the outside of the sliding seat 231 in the direction of the workpiece 40. An activity cavity 234 is also opened inside the fixed rod 232 near one end close to the workpiece 40; the telescopic rod 233 is telescopically clamped in the activity cavity 234, and the outer end of the telescopic rod 233 extends to the outside of the fixed rod 232; the interface 236 is opened at one end of the sliding seat 231 located in the inner cavity of the base 10, and the interface 236 is used to connect with the pneumatic control component 25; the middle of the air duct 235 is opened in the inner cavities of the fixed rod 232 and the sliding seat 231, and the two ends are respectively communicated with the interface 236 and the activity cavity 234.

[0045] In this embodiment, the structure of the measuring component 23 further integrates mechanical guiding and pneumatic control functions to achieve sensitive measurement of the diameter of the workpiece 40 and automatic avoidance control. The measuring component 23 includes a sliding seat 231, a fixed rod 232, a telescopic rod 233, an air duct 235, and an interface 236. The sliding seat 231 is arranged in the centripetal limiting groove 214 and the inclined groove 222 on the rotating disk 22, and can slide synchronously in the guiding path defined by the two, so as to ensure the stable movement of the measuring component 23 in the radial direction under the action of the rotational drive. The fixed rod 232 is installed on the side of the sliding seat 231 away from the rotating shaft, and the direction points to the workpiece 40 to be measured. An activity cavity 234 is opened inside one end of the fixed rod 232 close to the workpiece 40 for embedding a telescopic structure. One end of the telescopic rod 233 is movably clamped in the activity cavity 234, and the other end passes through the fixed rod 232 and extends outside it, so as to know the stop timing of the force adjustment of the center point 60 when contacting or approaching the surface of the workpiece 40; its telescopic structure is used to perform a contraction action after measuring the diameter of the workpiece 40 to prevent accidental contact with the surface of the workpiece 40 during subsequent turning processing and cause mechanical impact. To achieve the pneumatic remote control of the measuring component 23, an interface 236 is provided at one end of the sliding seat 231 close to the inner cavity of the base 10, and this interface 236 is connected to the pneumatic control component 25 to facilitate the access of an external control air source. The air duct 235 is arranged in the internal cavities of the fixed rod 232 and the sliding seat 231, and runs through and connects the two ends of the interface 236 and the activity cavity 234. When the air source is injected, a driving air pressure can be formed in the activity cavity 234 to realize the rapid retraction of the telescopic rod 233, so that the measuring component 23 can withdraw from the working area in time during the turning or high-speed rotation of the workpiece 40 to avoid interference or damage. Before the workpiece 40 is processed, the telescopic rod 233 is default to be in a fully extended state.

[0046] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, in some examples, furthermore, the pneumatic control component 25 includes: a gas metering pump 251 fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the base 10, the driving end of the gas metering pump 251 is located in the inner cavity of the base 10 and on the side of the turntable away from the workpiece 40, and a porous connector 252 is arranged on the driving end of the gas metering pump 251; a plurality of branch pipes 253, one end of which is connected to the interface 236 and the other end is connected to the porous connector 252, and the branch pipes 253 are flexible hoses.

[0047] In this embodiment, to achieve unified pneumatic control of multiple measurement components 23, a gas metering pump 251 and a supporting multi-hole connector 252 and branch pipe 253 system are provided in the pneumatic control component 25. The gas metering pump 251 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the base 10, and its driving end extends into the inner cavity of the base 10. As the core of the air source regulation, the gas metering pump 251 can accurately adjust the pressure and flow rate of the output gas according to the control requirements. A multi-hole connector 252 is provided at the driving end of the gas metering pump 251. The multi-hole connector 252 is provided with a plurality of gas outlets arranged at equal intervals, and each outlet is used to connect an independent branch pipe 253 to form a distributed air source network. One ends of the plurality of branch pipes 253 are respectively connected to the interfaces 236 on the sliding seats 231 of the measurement components 23, and the other ends are uniformly connected to the corresponding outlets of the multi-hole connector 252, so as to realize synchronous air supply control of the internal air channels 235 of all the measurement components 23. When the gas metering pump 251 is started, the compressed gas is evenly distributed to each branch pipe 253 through the multi-hole connector 252 and finally enters the movable cavities 234 of each measurement component 23, realizing the synchronous retraction or ejection action of the measurement components 23. The adaptive intelligent response performance of the entire hydraulic tailstock device in a complex machining environment is enhanced.

[0048] As Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, in some examples, furthermore, the force adjustment mechanism 30 includes: a hydraulic cylinder 31, a secondary cylinder 32, a force application rod 33, a ball 331 and a movable sleeve 34. The hydraulic cylinder 31 is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the outer wall of the base 10 on the side far from the diameter acquisition mechanism 20. A center point 60 capable of linear movement is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder 31; the secondary cylinder 32 is fixed on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder 31, and the inner cavity of the secondary cylinder 32 is communicated with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 31; one end of the force application rod 33 extends into the inner cavity of the secondary cylinder 32, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the base 10 and corresponds to the end face position of the linkage adjustment member 50. The force application rod 33 includes a micro-deformation elastic material section; the ball 331 is snap-connected in the end face of the force application rod 33 and can roll in all directions and contacts the end face of the linkage adjustment member 50; the movable sleeve 34 is sleeved on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder 31 and can move linearly, and the movable sleeve 34 is also fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the force application rod 33.

[0049] In this embodiment, to further optimize the force application precision performance of the center 60, the force adjustment mechanism 30 adopts a structural combination composed of a hydraulic cylinder 31, a secondary cylinder 32, a force application rod 33, a ball 331, and a movable kit 34. The hydraulic cylinder 31 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer wall on the side of the base 10 away from the diameter acquisition mechanism 20. A center 60 capable of linear movement is arranged inside it, which is used to provide a controllable axial support force during the machining process. To enhance the adjustment ability of the hydraulic system, a secondary cylinder 32 structure is also fixedly connected to the outside of the hydraulic cylinder 31. The inner cavity of the secondary cylinder 32 is communicated with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 31, so that the pressure in the secondary cylinder 32 is the same as that in the hydraulic cylinder 31, which is convenient for controlling the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 31. The force application rod 33 is arranged through between the secondary cylinder 32 and the base 10. One end extends into the inner cavity of the secondary cylinder 32, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the base 10 and is arranged opposite to the end face of the linkage adjustment part 50, which is used to receive the pressure generated by the displacement of the linkage adjustment part 50 and transmit the pressure into the secondary cylinder 32. Wherein, a section of micro-deformation elastic material is arranged in the middle of the force application rod 33, which is used to provide a mechanism for the force application rod 33 to generate micro-deformations during the small movement of the linkage adjustment part 50, so as to cope with the incompressibility of the hydraulic pressure, and at the same time ensure that the hydraulic pressure increases and finally acts on the position of the center 60. A ball 331 structure capable of universal rolling is embedded at the end face of the force application rod 33. The ball 331 is in direct contact with the end face of the linkage adjustment part 50, which reduces the frictional resistance, realizes free contact at multiple angles, and reduces mechanical movement wear. At the same time, the movable kit 34 is sleeved on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder 31, has the ability of axial sliding, and is fixedly connected to the force application rod 33 through a structure. When the pressure of the hydraulic medium changes, it pushes the force application rod 33 to make fine adjustment movements, so as to realize the continuous adjustment of the output pressure of the center 60.

[0050] The embodiment of the present application also provides a hydraulic tailstock control system for diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, including the hydraulic tailstock structure for diameter linkage stiffness adjustment provided by any of the foregoing technical solutions, and further including: a pressure sensor 61 and a controller. The pressure sensor 61 is arranged in the middle of the center 60 and is used to obtain the force applied by the center 60 to the workpiece 40 in real time. The controller is signal-connected to the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 and the pressure sensor 61, and is used to control the measurement assembly 23 to move towards the workpiece 40 when the workpiece 40 is tightened to the standard pressure state, and during the movement, synchronously drive the linkage adjustment part 50 to contract to slow down the force applied by the force adjustment mechanism 30 to the center 60.

[0051] In this embodiment, to achieve the perception and dynamic regulation of the force application state of the hydraulic tailstock during the machining process, a pressure sensor 61 and a controller are integrated in the control system. The pressure sensor 61 is arranged at the middle position of the center point 60 and is used to detect in real time the axial clamping pressure applied by the center point 60 to the workpiece 40, and feedback the obtained pressure value to the controller. The controller is simultaneously connected to the pressure sensor 61 and the diameter acquisition mechanism 20 by signals. After detecting that the pressure applied by the center point 60 reaches the preset standard value, it can immediately control the measuring component 23 to slowly advance towards the workpiece 40 to obtain the actual diameter parameter. During the movement of the measuring component 23, the controller also synchronously issues a control signal to drive the linkage adjusting part 50 to contract appropriately, so that the force adjustment mechanism 30 gradually releases part of the applied force, thereby avoiding damage to the workpiece 40 caused by excessive clamping of the center point 60 and ensuring the clamping safety. This control logic not only improves the intelligent adjustment ability of the tailstock system, but also effectively avoids the clamping overload phenomenon caused by human misadjustment or mechanical inertia.

[0052] During the use of this system, when the machining task is started, the tailstock first moves forward along the machine tool guide rail under the command of the numerical control system. The center point 60 is quickly advanced under the drive of the large initial hydraulic pressure provided by the force adjustment mechanism 30 and firmly abuts against the end face of the tail end of the workpiece 40, forming sufficient initial clamping force to ensure the stable positioning of the workpiece 40. Subsequently, the measuring mechanism starts. The controller issues a control signal to drive the servo motor 24 to drive the rotating disk 22 to rotate. The inclined groove 222 on the rotating disk 22 drives a plurality of sliding seats 231 and the measuring components 23 thereon to gradually approach the workpiece 40 in the radial direction. During this process, due to the structural linkage between the linkage adjusting part 50 and the sliding seat 231, its displacement pushes the force application rod 33 to generate a buffered axial contraction, so that the thrust transmitted by the force application rod 33 to the hydraulic cylinder 31 gradually weakens, thereby gradually reducing the pressure in the hydraulic cavities of the auxiliary cylinder 32 and the hydraulic cylinder 31, and the force applied by the center point 60 to the end face of the workpiece 40 is correspondingly reduced, avoiding damage to the workpiece 40 caused by excessive initial clamping. As the measuring component 23 gradually approaches, when the telescopic rod 233 in at least one measuring component 23 contacts the outer surface of the workpiece 40, the internal air cavity generates an instantaneous air pressure change due to the contraction of the telescopic rod 233. The air pressure sensor arranged on the air path of the gas metering pump 251 immediately senses this change and feeds back the signal to the controller. The controller then controls the gas metering pump 251 to act, making it actively draw back the gas, so that the telescopic rod 233 in the measuring component 23 quickly retracts, providing a safe avoidance space for the upcoming turning machining of the workpiece 40. The whole process is completed under the unified scheduling of the numerical control system, realizing the full-process automatic control from initial large-force abutting, precise diameter perception, flexible pressure regulation to automatic avoidance of the measuring mechanism.

[0053] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable computer-readable storage media (including but not limited to disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0054] The above are only the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, comprising a base (10) and a center (60) arranged on the base (10), characterized in that, The base (10) is also provided with: a diameter acquisition mechanism (20) fixedly arranged on an end portion of the base (10) facing one end of the workpiece (40), the diameter acquisition mechanism (20) being used to output a linear driving force associated with a diameter parameter of the workpiece (40) according to the diameter of the workpiece (40); A linkage adjustment member (50) is transmission-connected to the diameter acquisition mechanism (20), and the linkage adjustment member (50) is arranged in the inner cavity of the base (10) so as to move linearly; A force adjustment mechanism (30) is fixedly mounted on the base (10) and connected to the linkage adjustment member (50), and is used to change the force of pressure applied to the top (60) according to the movement stroke of the linkage adjustment member (50); The diameter acquisition mechanism (20) comprises a plurality of measuring components (23) capable of approaching or moving away from the outer surface of the workpiece (40); when the measuring components (23) move closer to the outer surface of the workpiece (40), the pressure exerted by the tip (60) on the workpiece (40) decreases; The diameter acquisition mechanism (20) comprises: A front panel (21) arranged outside the base (10); A rotating disk (22) is rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the front panel (21), and the measuring component (23) is simultaneously clamped in the front panel (21) and the rotating disk (22); a servo motor (24) fixedly mounted on the outside of the base (10), the output end of the servo motor (24) extending into the base (10), the servo motor (24) being used to control the rotation of the rotating disk (22) so as to move the measuring component (23) towards or away from the workpiece (40); A pneumatic control component (25) connected to all of the measuring components (23), the pneumatic control component (25) being used to control all of the measuring components (23) to maintain a safe distance from the workpiece (40) when turning the workpiece (40); The front panel (21) is also provided with: A cover plate (211) is buckled onto the base (10); A plurality of slide grooves (212) are arranged on the outer wall of the cover plate (211) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the measuring component (23) is capable of moving in the slide grooves (212); A sleeve (213) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the cover plate (211); the middle of the sleeve (213) is in a hollow state, and is used to provide a placement space for the top (60) and the workpiece (40); A centripetal limit groove (214) is formed on an outer wall of the slide groove (212) at a side away from the workpiece (40); The force adjustment mechanism (30) comprises: A hydraulic cylinder (31) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the base (10) at a side away from the diameter acquisition mechanism (20), and a tip (60) capable of linear movement is provided in the hydraulic cylinder (31); A secondary cylinder (32) is fixed on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder (31), and the inner cavity of the secondary cylinder (32) is communicated with the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (31); The force application rod (33) has one end extending into the inner cavity of the auxiliary cylinder (32) and the other end extending into the inner cavity of the base (10), and is in exact position correspondence with the end face of the linkage adjusting member (50); The ball (331) is snap-fitted in the end face of the force application rod (33) and can roll in all directions and is in contact with the end face of the linkage adjusting member (50); The movable sleeve (34) is sleeved on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder (31) and can move linearly, and the movable sleeve (34) is also fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the force application rod (33).

2. The hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating disk (22) is further provided with: The gear ring (221) is fixedly arranged on the wall surface of the rotating disk (22); the servo motor (24) is drivingly connected to the gear ring (221) through the gear (241) on its output end; A plurality of inclined grooves (222) are respectively equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction on the rotating disk (22), and the distances from the two ends of each inclined groove (222) to the axis of the rotating disk (22) are different; The side ring (223) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating disk (22) farther away from the workpiece (40), and the side ring (223) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve (213).

3. The hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that: An annular groove is arranged inside the side ring (223), and a plurality of limiting grooves (51) are arranged on the inner wall of the annular groove at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the linkage adjusting member (50) is snap-fitted in the limiting grooves (51) and can move in the telescopic direction of the length of the center point (60).

4. The hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A middle cylinder (11) is further arranged in the middle of the base (10), the middle cylinder (11) has the same axis and the same outer diameter as the sleeve (213), threads (12) are arranged on the outer surfaces of the middle cylinder (11) and the sleeve (213), and the annular groove is screwed outside the threads (12).

5. The hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The measuring assembly (23) includes: The sliding seat (231) can slide synchronously in the centripetal limiting groove (214) and the inclined groove (222); The fixed rod (232) is fixedly arranged on the outside of the sliding seat (231) in the direction of the workpiece (40), and an activity cavity (234) is further opened inside the fixed rod (232) near one end of the workpiece (40); The telescopic rod (233) is snap-fitted in the activity cavity (234) and can be telescopic, and the outer end of the telescopic rod (233) extends outside the fixed rod (232); The interface (236) is opened at one end of the sliding seat (231) located in the inner cavity of the base (10), and the interface (236) is used to connect with the pneumatic control assembly (25); The air duct (235) is arranged in the inner cavities of the fixed rod (232) and the sliding seat (231) in the middle, and the two ends are respectively communicated with the interface (236) and the activity cavity (234).

6. The hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pneumatic control assembly (25) includes: A gas metering pump (251) fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the base (10). The driving end of the gas metering pump (251) is located in the inner cavity of the base (10) and on the side of the turntable away from the workpiece (40). A porous connector (252) is provided on the driving end of the gas metering pump (251); A plurality of branch pipes (253), one end of which is connected to the interface (236) and the other end is connected to the porous connector (252).

7. A hydraulic tailstock control system with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment, characterized in that, It includes the hydraulic tailstock structure with diameter linkage stiffness adjustment as described in any one of claims 1-6, and further includes: A pressure sensor (61) arranged in the middle of the center point (60) for real-time acquisition of the pressing force of the center point (60) on the workpiece (40); A controller, signal-connected to the diameter acquisition mechanism (20) and the pressure sensor (61), for controlling the measurement assembly (23) to move towards the workpiece (40) in the state where the workpiece (40) is tightened to the standard pressure, and during the movement, synchronously driving the linkage adjustment member (50) to contract to reduce the pressing force of the force adjustment mechanism (30) on the center point (60).

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