High-precision embedded self-adaptive PID and intelligent interactive laser driving system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision embedded self-adaptive PID and intelligent interactive laser driving system and method, and aims to solve the problems of high cost, poor control flexibility, poor interactive experience and the like of a traditional laser driving system. The system adopts an integrated detection framework, a peripheral sensing circuit is eliminated, and the integration level and the reliability of the system are improved. And the MCU module is responsible for analyzing a user instruction, reading configuration parameters, receiving current and voltage detection data of the DCDC module, and dynamically adjusting the output of the DCDC module through a PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) control algorithm. And the man-machine interaction module provides a visual operation interface and system state display, so that the user experience is improved. According to the adaptive PID control method, the PID parameters are dynamically adjusted to adapt to changes of different load systems, adaptive optimization of the PID parameters is achieved, and the control precision and the dynamic response performance of the system are remarkably improved. The system realizes effective management of tasks based on the FreeRTOS, and ensures high efficiency and real-time performance of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser driving, and specifically provides a high-precision laser driving system and method based on embedded adaptive PID control and intelligent interaction. This system is designed specifically for laser application scenarios that require high current output and high stability, and can meet the strict requirements for laser driving systems in fields such as scientific research experiments, optical communication, and lidar. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of laser technology, laser driving systems have been widely used in many fields such as industry, medical treatment, military, and autonomous driving. However, traditional laser driving systems mostly adopt DCDC chips and hardware PID control. Although this control method can achieve basic current regulation, it has many limitations. For example, the hardware PID parameters are fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted to adapt to different load characteristics, and complex peripheral circuits are required, increasing the cost and maintenance difficulty of the system. On the other hand, although existing software PID systems have a certain degree of flexibility, most of them require external current detection circuits, which not only increases the complexity of the system but also easily leads to problems such as reference voltage drift. In addition, affected by temperature and aging, the detection accuracy will gradually decrease, and the adjustment of PID parameters usually needs to be completed manually, consuming a lot of manpower and time. In terms of human-computer interaction, traditional laser driving systems also have significant deficiencies. During operation, users often need to face complex menu operations or rely on professional software to complete the setting of target current, the viewing of real-time parameters, and the adjustment of PID control parameters, which requires a high technical level of users and results in low operation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems of high cost, the need for peripheral current detection circuits, difficulty in finding PID parameters, and poor interaction experience in the traditional laser driving analog feedback regulation method, the present invention proposes a high-precision embedded adaptive PID and intelligent interaction laser driving system and method.

[0004] The specific technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a high-precision embedded PID laser driving system, which is characterized by adopting an integrated detection architecture to eliminate peripheral sensing circuits. It includes: an MCU module, a DCDC module, a human-computer interaction module, and a load module.

[0006] The MCU module has a main control deploying a digital PID operation core, integrating detection and control using the SMBUS bus, and real-time processing of electrical parameters such as current, voltage, and chip temperature fed back by the DCDC module;

[0007] The DCDC module includes an embedded current sampling resistor and high-precision current and voltage detection circuits. Traditional laser drive systems usually require independent peripheral current and voltage detection circuits to achieve real-time monitoring of output current and voltage. This not only increases the complexity and cost of the system but also may reduce the detection accuracy due to factors such as line interference. In the present invention, by integrating the current and voltage detection functions inside the DCDC module and directly utilizing the embedded detection mechanism of the DCDC chip, high-precision and high-response-speed current and voltage acquisition are realized. At the same time, the peripheral detection circuits are eliminated, significantly improving the integration and reliability of the system;

[0008] The human-machine interaction module includes a touch interface and a configuration memory, and realizes dynamic display of real-time current and voltage waveforms of loop detection, a visual PID parameter tuning interface, an intelligent alarm system, and a fault diagnosis tree, and stores calibration parameters and operation logs;

[0009] The load module can be various devices or circuits that require high-current power supply, such as high-power motors, high-power pump sources, etc.

[0010] In the high-precision embedded PID control laser drive system of the present invention, the connection relationships between the modules are as follows: The MCU module serves as the host of the system and is connected to the DCDC module slave through the SMBUS communication protocol to achieve real-time data acquisition of the DCDC module and transmission of control instructions. The DCDC module is directly connected to the load module and is responsible for converting the input voltage into the required output current and voltage and continuously providing stable electrical energy to the load. The human-machine interaction module is connected to the MCU module through the USART communication protocol to provide an operation interface and system status display for users.

[0011] In terms of system functions, the MCU module is responsible for parsing user instructions, reading configuration parameters, receiving current and voltage detection data from the DCDC module, and dynamically adjusting the output of the DCDC module through the PID control algorithm to ensure that the system maintains a high-precision constant current output. The DCDC module uses the embedded current sampling resistor to detect the output current and voltage with high precision and transmits the data to the MCU module in real time. The human-machine interaction module is used to display the current and voltage waveforms, provide a PID parameter tuning interface, and display alarm and fault diagnosis information, providing an intuitive operation experience and system monitoring function for users.

[0012] In the second aspect, the present invention also provides an adaptive PID control constant current source method, which dynamically adjusts the PID parameters to adapt to changes in different load systems. The steps for adaptive PID tuning are as follows:

[0013] The constant current source control system is powered on. After the MCU is powered on, it configures the working mode of the DCDC chip through the SMBUS bus and loads the preset basic PID parameters, including the basic proportional coefficient K p0 , integral coefficient K i0 and differential coefficient K d0 . On this basis, the present invention uses the control variable method to systematically optimize the PID parameters. Specifically, taking the error interval as the independent variable and the output of the PID system as the dependent variable, within the preset error interval, the correlation between the output of the PID system and the error change is quantitatively analyzed. Through this analysis process, the present invention quantitatively divides the change interval of the PID parameters according to the correlation index and assigns corresponding weights to the PID parameters in each specific interval. This dynamic adjustment mechanism based on error interval division and weight assignment can effectively adapt to different load states, thereby realizing the adaptive optimization of the PID parameters and significantly improving the control accuracy and dynamic response performance of the system.

[0014] When the constant current source control system is powered on, the MCU module first waits for the user to send a specific instruction through the debugging interface to enter the debugging mode and execute relevant debugging instructions. If the set fixed time is exceeded, it starts the power-on startup process by reading the configuration parameters, initializes the parameter configuration of the DCDC module, and updates the self-check information in real time through the human-computer interaction module and the debugging interface;

[0015] When the constant current source control system is running, the human-computer interaction module provides corresponding operation options according to the current user, responds to the user's touch commands, sends corresponding instructions to the MCU module, and parses the instructions sent by the MCU module to update the display content;

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an operating system task scheduling method for the constant current source application layer to achieve more intelligent human-computer interaction.

[0017] When the constant current source control system is running, the MCU module preferentially processes the human-computer interaction module tasks before starting task scheduling. Its task scheduling is based on the FreeRTOS system and sequentially calls other tasks according to the task scheduling flag and the currently scheduled task number. The system disassembles the tasks into three main parts: one task is used to respond to the instructions of the serial port screen, one task is used to respond to the instructions of the host computer, and one task is used to realize the data reading of the constant current and the adaptive PID calculation.

[0018] The tasks of responding to the host computer and the serial port screen mean that the MCU module parses the instructions received from the human-computer interaction module or the host computer and sends corresponding control instructions to the DCDC module; the MCU module polls the real-time operation information of the DCDC module through the control communication interface module and sends corresponding instructions to the human-computer interaction module or the host computer.

[0019] The constant current data reading and adaptive PID calculation tasks mean that the MCU module, based on the current detection value and voltage detection value of the DCDC module, adjusts the output voltage of the DCDC module in real time through software adaptive PID calculation to achieve precise control of the target current. The maximum output current of the constant current source system is 40A, and the current stability is 0.1%.

[0020] From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] First, the TPS546D24A chip adopted by the constant current source control system of the present invention does not require an external current detection circuit, and voltage output and sampling can be completed only through one chip. This design not only reduces costs, but also effectively solves the temperature drift problem existing in traditional external detection circuits, simplifies the hardware design, and improves the reliability and accuracy of the system.

[0022] Second, the present invention uses digital adaptive PID to regulate the current, which can online self-tune PID parameters to adapt to different load characteristics. This flexibility enables the system to perform excellently in the face of various application scenarios, further enhancing the adaptability and stability of the system.

[0023] Third, in terms of software architecture, the present invention realizes effective management of tasks based on FreeRTOS. Each task process runs independently, ensuring the high efficiency and real-time performance of the system. Through FreeRTOS, the system can achieve intelligent interaction and has a perfect communication mechanism, further enhancing the user experience.

[0024] Fourth, the TPS546D24A chip is based on the SMBUS communication protocol and supports centralized management and control of multiple DCDC switching power supplies. This design enables the system to conveniently add and modify devices, greatly improving the scalability and flexibility of the system, and facilitating customization and optimization according to actual needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0026] Figure 1 Shows a schematic diagram of a high-precision embedded drive circuit system module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2Schematic diagram showing an implementation method of an adaptive digital PID control according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the power-on startup process of a laser driving method with high-precision embedded adaptive PID and intelligent interaction according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the operation process of a laser driving system with high-precision embedded adaptive PID and intelligent interaction according to some embodiments of the present application; Detailed implementation manners

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer and more understandable, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0031] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the embodiments of the present application do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or items appearing before this word cover the elements or items listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing that a high-precision embedded drive circuit module according to some embodiments of the present application includes:

[0033] The MCU module 110, based on the STM32G474RET6 chip, integrates a clock circuit, a debugging circuit and a reset circuit, and is responsible for parsing the instructions of the human-computer interaction module 120, executing the PID algorithm, and regulating the output of the DCDC module 130.

[0034] The human-machine interaction module 120, based on the screen module with the model number DC10600M070, includes a touch screen circuit for communicating with the MCU module 110, interacting with users in real time, storing the version and copyright information of the system, and alarm information during operation, and a chip based on the model number AT24C04D. This chip is an EEPROM with non-volatile storage characteristics and can retain the stored data after the system power-off. These parameters are read by the MCU module 110 when the system is powered on for initializing the system and are updated according to the input of the user through the human-machine interaction module 120 during operation.

[0035] The DCDC module 130, based on the chip with the model number TPS546D24A, converts the input 12V voltage into an adjustable output voltage of 0 - 5V, with a maximum output current of 40A and a current stability of 0.1%. This module communicates with the MCU module 110 through the SMBUS interface, eliminating the need for an additional peripheral current detection circuit, simplifying the circuit design, and improving the reliability and accuracy of the system.

[0036] The load module 140 uses a four-wire Kelvin connection to connect the electronic load. The access to the DCDC module 130 eliminates the influence of the lead resistance through the current detection and voltage detection circuits, ensuring the accuracy of current measurement.

[0037] In some embodiments, the communication interface types of the communication interface module include the SMBUS and USB interfaces. The SMBUS interface is used to achieve high-speed and low-latency communication between the MCU module and the DCDC buck module, supporting real-time transmission of current / voltage detection data and control instructions; the USB interface adopts the Type-C protocol and is used to connect to the host computer to achieve remote monitoring, parameter configuration, and data log export.

[0038] In some embodiments, the power-on startup process configuration parameters of the constant current source control system can be freely configured as needed. In this embodiment, the power-on startup process configuration parameters of the constant current source control system include the target current setting value, the initial values of the PID parameters, the PID regulation step size, the input voltage and output voltage range of the DCDC module, etc.

[0039] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of an implementation method of an adaptive digital PID control according to some embodiments of the present application. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0040] Step 201: Define the system model, take the output voltage of the DCDC module as the controlled object, and the input as the current value detected by the load. Set the initial P, I, and D parameters according to experience and set the target output current value. At the same time, initialize the hardware interface and software resources to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0041] Step 202: Set the P, I, and D parameters to act separately. Gradually vary the target current within the error range and record the output current values for each change. Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the output current and the error for each PID parameter within different error ranges and analyze their correlation. Pearson correlation coefficient formula where, x i is the error value, and y i is the corresponding output current value.

[0042] Step 203: Assign weights according to the absolute value of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The weights reflect the influence degree of each PID parameter on the system output. Dynamically adjust the P, I, and D parameters according to the magnitude and change trend of the error to ensure that the system output is stable and close to the target value. Update the PID parameters in real time during the system operation to adapt to the load change. The weight calculation formula is where, r i is the correlation coefficient of the i-th PID parameter, and ω i is the corresponding weight.

[0043] Figure 3 FIG. shows a schematic diagram of the power-on startup process of a high-precision embedded PID control and intelligent interaction laser driving method according to some embodiments of the present application. The steps are as follows:

[0044] Step 301: After the system is powered on, first, the host computer needs to send an initialization instruction to the MCU module through the USB interface to complete the initialization of the serial port screen module, the DCDC module, and the human-computer interaction module in sequence. After the initialization is completed, if the user sends a start debugging instruction to the MCU module through the USB interface within 5 seconds, the system enters the debugging mode and executes the corresponding debugging instructions until the user selects to exit the debugging mode. The debugging instructions include but are not limited to: start debugging instruction, end debugging instruction, print debugging help information instruction, read the current DCDC module current, temperature, voltage instruction, rewrite the human-computer interaction module instruction, test the communication interface function instruction, and test whether the input voltage is correct instruction. These instructions are used to comprehensively detect the various functions and parameters of the system. The prompt information during the power-on startup process will be output through the debugging interface and synchronously displayed on the serial port screen module. The prompt information includes but is not limited to: whether to skip the current current detection, the current current detection result, whether to detect the actual output temperature of the DCDC module, whether to detect the DCDC module voltage, and whether the power-on startup is successfully completed, etc.

[0045] Step 302: Read the power-on startup process configuration parameters from the human-machine interaction module: skip the current current detection flag, target current setting value, initial value of PID parameters, PID regulation step size, and maximum allowable difference between the target current and the actual current. The human-machine interaction module is based on a storage chip of model AT24C04D and includes a storage chip circuit for storing the power-on startup process configuration parameters of the constant current source control system.

[0046] Step 303: Enter the current reading Gain and Offset setting task. First, set the voltage value of the DCDC module to ensure that it does not exceed the maximum value that the load can bear. Read the current value I1 of the current DCDC module. Assume the actual current value is I2. Then reset the voltage value and read the current I3. Assume the actual current is I4. Calculate the value of Gain as Next, set the voltage to 0 and read the current actual current I1, and calculate Offset = I1. Write the calculated Gain value and Offset value into the DCDC module.

[0047] Step 304: Through the communication mechanism of FreeRTOS, feedback the calculation results of Gain and Offset to the upper computer and the serial port screen in real time. At the same time, the system sets the target current value of the DCDC module according to the configuration parameters and sets the output current of the DCDC module to zero. Since the output current of the DCDC module may be unstable in a short time after the system is powered on, the output current is first set to zero to ensure that the actual output current data queried later is more stable.

[0048] Step 305: The system reads the current value, voltage value, and temperature value of the DCDC module through the SMBUS interface. These read values will be displayed on the serial port screen module and used for subsequent PID calculation and system monitoring. At the same time, the system dynamically adjusts the output of the DCDC module according to the read current value and voltage value to ensure the precise control of the target current.

[0049] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the method of any of the above embodiments, the present application also provides a Figure 4 schematic diagram of the operation process of a high-precision embedded adaptive PID and intelligent interaction laser drive system as shown, and its steps are as follows:

[0050] Step 401: After the system powers on, if the startup fails, it enters an infinite loop; otherwise, it initializes the FreeRTOS kernel, creates tasks, and sets task priorities. Task scheduling is based on the preemptive scheduling mechanism of FreeRTOS, and the task with the highest priority will be executed first. The system creates three main tasks: the serial screen processing task, the host computer processing task, and the constant current task. The serial screen processing task is responsible for handling serial communication, including instruction parsing, data sending and receiving, and real-time display. The host computer processing task communicates with the host computer through the serial port, sends the current current information and chip temperature value, and parses the commands sent by the host computer. The constant current task is responsible for reading the current current value of the DCDC module, performing PID calculation with the target current, and setting the output voltage of the DCDC module through the MCU. Each task is assigned a unique task handle in FreeRTOS and is managed through the task control block.

[0051] Step 402: After the system starts up, the FreeRTOS scheduler performs task scheduling according to task priorities. The serial screen processing task has the highest priority and is responsible for handling serial communication, including instruction parsing, data sending and receiving, and real-time display. The host computer processing task has the second highest priority and communicates with the host computer through the serial port, sends the current current information and chip temperature value, and parses the commands sent by the host computer. The constant current task has the lowest priority and is responsible for reading the current current value of the DCDC module, performing PID calculation with the target current, and setting the output voltage of the DCDC module through the MCU. During the task scheduling process, the scheduler will dynamically switch tasks according to the ready state and priority of the tasks. Among them, high-priority tasks can ensure timely response through semaphores and event groups.

[0052] Step 403: The constant current task periodically reads the current value of the DCDC module through the SMBUS interface and processes the read current value using the sliding window mean filtering algorithm to improve the accuracy and stability of the measurement. The PID controller calculates the control signal based on the error between the target current and the actual current and sends the control signal to the DCDC module through the SMBUS interface to adjust its output current. The system realizes communication and synchronization between tasks through the queue and semaphore mechanisms of FreeRTOS. In addition, the system has a protection mechanism: if it detects that the current exceeds 40A, the SMBUS communication times out, or there is a data error, the MCU module will trigger the protection mechanism, turn off the output of the DCDC module, record the fault log, and display the fault information through the serial screen.

[0053] In this embodiment, the task priority value range is from 0 to 9, and the lower the task priority, the larger the value. The tasks include: the serial screen processing task, the host computer communication task, the constant current control core task, the device status monitoring task, and the system information maintenance task.

[0054] The serial port screen processing task has the highest priority and is responsible for implementing the full process management of human-computer interaction. Specifically, it includes parsing touch instructions to execute parameter configuration, implementing two-way data transmission through a custom protocol, and dynamically refreshing the graphical interface display. This task supports real-time response to touch instructions through semaphore and queue communication mechanisms, adjusts core operations such as the PID control step size, views device operation logs, sets overcurrent protection thresholds, etc., and ensures strict synchronization between interface data and system status.

[0055] The host computer communication task, with the second highest priority, is used to build a remote monitoring channel. Through communication mechanisms such as event groups and semaphores, it realizes remote parameter configuration of the instruction parsing and execution unit, periodically uploads key parameters such as temperature / voltage by the data telemetry unit, and the command buffer unit manages asynchronous instructions using a circular queue. A specially designed data compression algorithm is used to improve the transmission efficiency of the 485 bus and support burst multi-command processing capabilities.

[0056] The constant current control core task has a lower priority and is used to implement precise current closed-loop control. The current value with a sliding window mean filter is obtained through the DCDC module, the intelligent adjustment unit uses an incremental PID algorithm to generate the control quantity, and the power drive unit dynamically adjusts the DCDC module through the SMBUS protocol. The obtained data is placed in the system's data buffer and queue.

[0057] The system information maintenance task has the lowest priority and is used to integrate the full life cycle management function of the device. In addition to real-time recording of the input / output characteristic curves of the DCDC module, a new fault self-diagnosis function is added: when abnormal current ripple is detected, the parameter calibration process is automatically triggered, the maintenance log is synchronously updated, and alarm information is broadcast through multiple interfaces. A specially designed version compatibility mechanism is supported to ensure that the constant current output is not interrupted during online upgrade.

[0058] To improve the real-time performance of the system, the present invention adopts a hierarchical task scheduling strategy: the serial port interaction layer has a preemptive priority, the data communication layer is configured with a bandwidth reservation mechanism, and the bottom control layer ensures a deterministic 20ms control cycle. Data is exchanged between tasks through a shared memory pool, and multi-task synchronization events are automatically triggered when key parameters are modified.

[0059] When implementing this application, the functions of each module can be implemented in the same or multiple software and / or hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application is limited to these examples; under the idea of this application, the technical features between the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations in different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0060] In addition, for simplicity of explanation and discussion, and so as not to make the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Further, these may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid making the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, and this also takes into account the fact that details of the implementation of these block diagram devices are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of the present application are to be implemented (i.e., these details should be entirely within the understanding of those skilled in the art). In cases where specific details (such as control system structure, system power-on startup process, control method) are set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of the present application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present application may be implemented without these specific details or with variations of these specific details. Therefore, these descriptions should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0061] Embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-precision embedded adaptive PID and intelligent interactive laser drive system, characterized in that: include: MCU module, used to parse user instructions, read configuration parameters, control the output current of the DCDC buck module, and achieve high-precision current control through software PID algorithm; The DCDC step-down module is used to convert the input voltage into an adjustable output voltage and communicate with the MCU module through the SMBUS interface to realize the detection and regulation of current and voltage; Human-computer interaction module, used for real-time interaction with users, displaying system information, target current setting value, real-time current detection value and PID parameters; Load module, used to connect devices or circuits that require high current power supply; The DCDC buck module realizes constant current control based on a single chip without the need for an external current detection circuit. The single chip communicates with the MCU module via an SMBUS interface to complete voltage output and sampling.

2. The high-precision embedded PID control and intelligent interactive laser drive system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The configuration parameters of the constant current source control system include the target current setting value, the parameter P, parameter I, parameter D of the PID loop, the input voltage and output voltage range of the DCDC buck module, and the power-on startup process configuration of the constant current source control system.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The system adopts an adaptive PID control algorithm, which can adjust PID parameters in real time to adapt to different load characteristics, reduce circuit losses, and improve system accuracy and stability.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The touch screen module supports users to set target current, view real-time parameters, adjust PID control parameters through an intuitive interface, and store system version and copyright information as well as alarm information.

5. A control method for a laser drive system using a high-precision embedded adaptive PID and intelligent interaction as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method comprises: After the system is powered on, the MCU module initializes the DCDC buck module through the SMBUS interface and reads the default PID parameters and maximum current limit; The user sets the target current value through the touch screen or host computer, and the MCU module starts the adaptive PID control task, which can dynamically adjust the PID parameters; The DCDC buck module feeds back current and voltage data in real time, and the MCU module performs incremental PID calculations based on the error value and outputs the adjustment amount to the DCDC buck module; The system continuously monitors current fluctuations. If the stability exceeds the limit, it triggers parameter self-tuning to optimize the PID coefficient. No external current detection circuit is required. Voltage output and sampling can be completed by communicating with the MCU module through the SMBUS interface. Users can view current curves, modify PID parameters or switch control modes in real time through the touch screen.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The system implements task scheduling based on the FreeRTOS real-time operating system, supports multi-task parallel processing, can respond to user instructions and system status changes in real time, and enhance the intelligent interactive experience.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that When the system is running, the MCU module adjusts the output voltage of the DCDC buck module in real time through software incremental PID calculation to achieve precise control of the target current, with a maximum output current of 40A and a current stability of 0.1%.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The system sets the Offset and Gain values ​​by calculation to adapt to various load characteristics, and reduces circuit loss through a digital PID control algorithm, supports the scalability and flexibility of the system, and reduces system costs.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The system uses a sliding window mean filtering algorithm to process current detection values, improves measurement accuracy and stability, and has safety mechanisms such as overcurrent protection and communication timeout protection.

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