Carbon footprint evaluation method, evaluation model and system based on land gradient utilization and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land utilization change evaluation, in particular to a carbon footprint evaluation method, evaluation model and system based on land gradient utilization and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: calculating carbon absorption amount and carbon emission generated by land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided according to gradient grades in a to-be-evaluated region; obtaining the net ecosystem production amount and the carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the target sub-region, and calculating a carbon footprint corresponding to the target sub-region according to the carbon emission amount, the carbon absorption amount, and the net ecosystem production amount and the carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land; and based on the carbon footprint corresponding to each target sub-region, determining a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation result of the to-be-evaluated region. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem of how to accurately evaluate the carbon footprint of a region with obvious vertical zone and altitude gradient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of land use change evaluation, and particularly to a carbon footprint assessment method, assessment model, system and storage medium based on land gradient utilization. Background Art

[0002] Land use is the way and condition of human utilization of the natural attributes of land, and is also the most direct manifestation of the interaction between humans and nature. As an embodiment of the surface height and shape, terrain drives the distribution of resources and human activities by acting on the migration of surface materials and energy conversion, and determines the formation of the national territorial space pattern. Clearly understanding the role of terrain in the development and utilization of national territorial space is the basis and prerequisite for analyzing the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization and its regulation.

[0003] Currently, most common calculation methods for carbon footprint are mostly applied to areas with relatively flat terrain, such as plain areas. When applied to areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient, such as the central and eastern parts of Yunnan, where various land use types such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area and urban land are significantly affected by altitude, it is easy to ignore the changes in the carbon footprint of the land caused by the spatial distribution changes in the area due to the vertical differentiation and / or gradient stratification of the land, thus resulting in inaccurate assessment of the carbon emission effect in the area.

[0004] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of this application, and does not represent an admission that the above content is prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide a carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization, aiming to solve the problem of how to accurately assess the carbon footprint of areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, a carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization provided by this application includes:

[0007] Calculating the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, wherein the carbon absorption amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption amount of crops and the carbon absorption amount of water area, and the carbon emission amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission amount of energy consumption, the carbon emission amount in industrial production process, the carbon emission amount of waste treatment, the carbon emission amount of agriculture, the carbon emission amount of respiration and the carbon volatilization emission amount of water area, and the gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0008] Obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon footprint corresponding to the target sub-region based on the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land, where the carbon footprint includes carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / deficit;

[0009] Based on the carbon footprint corresponding to each target sub-region, determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated.

[0010] Optionally, the calculation steps of the carbon absorption include:

[0011] (1.1) Carbon absorption of natural vegetation

[0012] Obtain the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the area to be evaluated and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0013] Calculate the carbon absorption of natural vegetation according to the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0014] Take the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption of natural vegetation;

[0015] (1.2) Carbon absorption of crops

[0016] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the area to be evaluated, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0017] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crops according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0018] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption of crops;

[0019] (1.3) Carbon absorption of water areas

[0020] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the area to be evaluated in the area to be evaluated;

[0021] Calculate the carbon absorption of water areas based on the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the area to be evaluated.

[0022] Optionally, the calculation steps of the carbon emissions include:

[0023] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0024] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Also, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption as the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel.

[0025] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0026] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the target sub-region;

[0027] Calculate the carbon emissions from industrial production of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0028] Take the sum of the carbon emissions from industrial production corresponding to each target type of industrial product as the carbon emissions from industrial production processes;

[0029] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0030] Obtain the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill based on the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient. Also,

[0031] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the annual urban domestic waste in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient. Also,

[0032] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the target sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and,

[0033] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0034] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target type domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from domestic waste incineration, the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from industrial wastewater treatment for each of the target industrial sectors;

[0035] (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions

[0036] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor in the target sub-region. Calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials based on the input amount and the agricultural production material carbon emission factor; and,

[0037] Obtain the rice planting area and the methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0038] Obtain the number of the target type of animals, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor in the target sub-region. Calculate the enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of the target type of animals based on the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor;

[0039] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type of rice, and the sum of the enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of each of the target type of animals;

[0040] (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration

[0041] Obtain the population quantity and human respiration carbon emission factor in the target sub-region, as well as the quantity of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor. Calculate the human and livestock respiration carbon emissions in the target sub-region according to the population quantity, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the quantity of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor.

[0042] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions in the target sub-region. Calculate the autotrophic respiration of plants and the soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions.

[0043] Determine the respiration carbon emissions according to the human and livestock respiration carbon emissions and the autotrophic respiration of plants and the soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of vegetation.

[0044] (1.9) Carbon emission from water area volatilization

[0045] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the target sub-region and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes. Calculate the carbon emissions from water area volatilization according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0046] Optionally, the steps for dividing the target sub-region include:

[0047] Divide the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-regions with the target radius range as the unit.

[0048] Calculate the topographic position index corresponding to each sub-region.

[0049] Determine the target gradient where each target sub-region is located according to the numerical interval where the topographic position index corresponding to each sub-region is located.

[0050] Determine the sub-regions in the same target gradient as the target sub-region composed of one or more of these sub-regions.

[0051] Optionally, the steps for calculating the topographic position index corresponding to each target sub-region specifically include:

[0052] Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel with the pixel as the unit. Taking the target pixel as the center, take the average of the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius range to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel.

[0053] Based on the elevation value, slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius range:

[0054]

[0055] Wherein, T ij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel at the i-th row and j-th column under the local window of the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the position (i, j), H ij and S ij are the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel respectively, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0056] Optionally, the target type of land includes cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban green land, and the calculation expression of the carbon footprint is:

[0057]

[0058] Wherein, CFT is the carbon emission carbon footprint, CES is the carbon ecological carrying capacity, CED is the carbon ecological surplus / deficit, CE is the carbon emission, CS is the carbon absorption, P c 、P f 、P g and P u are the carbon absorption ratios of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban green land respectively; NEP c 、NEP f 、NEP g and NEP u are the net ecosystem production of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban green land respectively.

[0059] Optionally, the calculation expression of the net ecosystem production is:

[0060]

[0061] Wherein, NEP is the net ecosystem production, c, f, g and u respectively represent cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban green land, CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of the i-th crop to synthesize unit organic matter, YE i is the economic yield of the i-th crop, H i is the economic coefficient of the i-th crop, S k is the occupied area of the target type of land k.

[0062] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer system, which includes: a memory, a processor, and a carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by the processor, the steps of the carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0063] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization is stored. When the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of the above are implemented.

[0064] The present application at least has the following beneficial effects:

[0065] 1. By calculating the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension; and calculating the carbon emission amount in the area to be evaluated from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, it accurately reflects the carbon emission status of regional land gradient utilization under the intervention of natural and human activities, and then constructs a carbon emission accounting model for regional land gradient utilization that is more in line with vertical zonality and obvious altitude gradient.

[0066] 2. By introducing gradient levels to divide the area of land to be evaluated to analyze the land use characteristics in the vertical direction, and analyzing the land use distribution and changes under different gradient levels, it not only considers the overall impact of terrain on land use, but also deeply analyzes the characteristics of the spatial distribution and spatial changes of different land use types under the conditions of land vertical differentiation and gradient stratification, realizing the accurate evaluation of land areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0067] 3. Using the topographic position index calculated by elevation value and slope value, the area of land to be evaluated is divided into multiple target sub-regions with different target gradients; after evaluating the two dimensions of the topographic gradient effect and the land gradient utilization characteristics of each target sub-region, the evaluation result of the land change degree of the area of land to be evaluated is comprehensively obtained, realizing the accurate evaluation of complex land areas, and providing an analysis basis for subsequent research and regulation of the carbon footprint changes of complex land areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization of the present application;

[0069] Figure 2This is a line graph showing the changing trend of the carbon footprint of land gradient utilization involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0070] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the hardware operating environment of the computer system involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0071] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the carbon emission effect evaluation model for land gradient utilization involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0072] The realization, functional features, and advantages of the purpose of this application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Detailed implementation manners

[0073] To better understand the above technical solutions, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be completely conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0074] First Embodiment

[0075] Refer to Figure 1 , in this embodiment, the carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization includes the following steps:

[0076] Step S10, calculate the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided by the gradient level in the area to be evaluated. Among them, the carbon absorption amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption amount of crops, and the carbon absorption amount of water areas, and the carbon emission amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission amount of energy consumption, the carbon emission amount in the industrial production process, the carbon emission amount of waste treatment, the carbon emission amount of agriculture, the carbon emission amount of respiration, and the carbon volatilization emission amount of water areas. The gradient level is divided by the topographic position index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0077] In this embodiment, the area to be evaluated is divided into multiple target sub-regions with the gradient level as the research unit, and then the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization in each target sub-region are calculated respectively.

[0078] It should be noted that the gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land. The topographic position index (TPI) is an index used to describe topographic features. The traditional topographic position index is mainly obtained by comparing the elevation value of a grid cell with the average elevation value of its surrounding area. However, the topographic position index proposed in this embodiment is calculated using the elevation value and slope value.

[0079] Optionally, the calculation steps of the topographic position index in this embodiment are as follows:

[0080] Step S11, select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel in units of pixels. Taking the target pixel as the center, average the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius range to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel;

[0081] Step S12, based on the elevation value, slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius range:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, T ij (R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column under the local window with the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the (i, j) position, H ij and S ij are respectively the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0084] Optionally, both the elevation value and slope value in the embodiment can be obtained through Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data.

[0085] In a specific embodiment, the initial DEM data downloaded from the Earth Science Data website of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) can be selected. The spatial resolution is 12.5m × 12.5m (that is, the size of one pixel is 12.5m). Compared with the SRTM and ASTER product data, its resolution and three-dimensional details are the best, which can meet the research's need for higher-precision data analysis and mapping, and can display the three-dimensional characteristics of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration as much as possible to improve the calculation accuracy. After preprocessing the downloaded initial DEM product data, such as projection, mosaicking, extraction, resampling, surface analysis, etc., the digital elevation model data containing elevation values and slope values required in this embodiment can be obtained.

[0086] Optionally, for how to divide the target sub-region based on the topographic position index T ij (R), taking the same target radius range R as a unit, first divide the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-regions, and then apply the aforementioned topographic position index calculation formula to calculate the topographic position index T ij (R) of each sub-region. According to the numerical interval where the topographic position index corresponding to each sub-region is located, determine the target gradient where each of the said target sub-regions is located.

[0087] In some specific embodiments, the area to be evaluated is the central Yunnan urban agglomeration in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan Province, whose topographic position index is between 0 and 1.22. It is divided into five gradient levels: I (0 - 0.40), II (0.40 - 0.53), III (0.53 - 0.63), IV (0.63 - 0.74), and V (0.74 - 1.22). When the value of the topographic position index corresponding to a sub-region is within the above corresponding interval, it can be determined which target sub-interval corresponding to which target gradient level the sub-region belongs to.

[0088] In this embodiment, the carbon absorption amount is calculated from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension. The calculated carbon absorption amount is the carbon absorption amount of the terrestrial ecosystem in the area to be evaluated.

[0089] For the natural vegetation dimension, the photosynthesis of natural vegetation is a process in which organisms use light energy for carbon fixation. When evaluating the carbon sink of terrestrial vegetation, the amount of CO2 absorbed by vegetation per unit time, that is, GPP, is usually used for characterization.

[0090] For the crop dimension, during the growth period of crops, they will capture CO2 in the air through photosynthesis, synthesize carbohydrates and release oxygen for their own growth and development. Using crop yields to calculate carbon absorption is a mature and feasible method.

[0091] For the water area dimension, water area carbon absorption is an indispensable part of the natural carbon cycle. It mainly dissolves CO2 into water through two ways: water area carbon fixation and wet and dry deposition, thus playing an important role in maintaining ecological balance.

[0092] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions generated by land gradient utilization are calculated as the sum of carbon emissions from energy consumption, carbon emissions from industrial production processes, carbon emissions from waste treatment, agricultural carbon emissions, carbon emissions from respiration, and carbon emissions from water area carbon volatilization.

[0093] For the definitions of different carbon emissions, specifically as follows:

[0094] For the energy consumption dimension, the energy consumption dimension mainly includes carbon emissions from energy consumption and biomass fuels. Energy consumption is an important emission source of greenhouse gases, and traditional energy consumption represented by fossil energy is the main source of carbon emissions. In some specific embodiments, 20 energy types such as raw coal, washed clean coal, coke, gasoline, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are the main accounting items. Biomass fuels are widely sourced, with the characteristics of high calorific value, low density, and easy combustion, and are the main energy sources in the daily life of rural residents.

[0095] For the industrial production process dimension, industrial production carbon emissions are an important emission source carried by construction land, including CO2 generated during the industrial production process and product use, as well as CO2 generated from the non-energy use of fossil energy carbon. It should be noted that since carbon emissions from energy consumption have been separately accounted for in the energy consumption dimension, only carbon emissions caused by industrial production processes are considered.

[0096] For the waste treatment dimension, the greenhouse gases released during the waste treatment process will have a negative impact on the environment and exacerbate global warming. Due to the complexity of the waste treatment process and the difficulty in obtaining data, rural domestic waste is usually discarded without treatment at will. Optionally, in some specific embodiments, referring to the calculation suggestions put forward in the "Guidelines for Compiling Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Trial)", CH4 and CO2 generated from the treatment of urban domestic waste, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater are selected for accounting, and carbon emissions from rural domestic waste are not considered.

[0097] For the agricultural dimension, agricultural carbon emissions come from carbon emissions caused by agricultural activities, including agricultural production carbon emissions, CH4 release from paddy fields, animal intestinal fermentation, and manure management. Optionally, in some specific embodiments, considering that the degree of agricultural mechanization in vertical gradient areas is not high and large-scale agriculture is not yet mature, and the statistics of farmland irrigation, plowing, and the use of agricultural machinery and equipment are incomplete, therefore, agricultural production carbon emissions are considered to be accounted for from the input and use of production materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural films.

[0098] For the respiration dimension, the carbon emissions generated by respiration are part of the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization and have a significant impact on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Optionally, the carbon emissions from land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated can be accounted for from aspects such as human and animal respiration, autotrophic respiration of vegetation, and heterotrophic respiration of soil.

[0099] For the water area carbon volatilization dimension, water area carbon volatilization is a natural carbon release process. Optionally, water area carbon volatilization can cover river carbon volatilization and lake carbon volatilization.

[0100] Step S20: Obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the target sub-region, and calculate the carbon footprint corresponding to the target sub-region according to the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, as well as the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land, where the carbon footprint includes carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / deficit.

[0101] In this embodiment, after dividing the target sub-region with the gradient level as the research unit, obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the target sub-region, and calculate the carbon footprint of the target sub-region according to the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, as well as the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the target sub-region.

[0102] The carbon footprint (also known as the carbon ecological footprint) refers to the measurement of the direct or indirect CO2 emissions caused by a certain activity (or accumulated within the life cycle of a certain product). The carbon footprint can be regarded as the area of biologically productive land (plants) required to absorb anthropogenic emissions of CO2, so as to measure the regional carbon ecological carrying capacity and the impact of human economic activities on nature. The net carbon accumulation in living plants, that is, the net ecosystem production (NEP), is used to calculate the area of biologically productive land required to absorb carbon emissions, that is, the carbon footprint. The carbon footprint calculated in this embodiment includes the carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit.

[0103] Optionally, in some specific embodiments, the target type of land in the target sub-region includes cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and urban green land, and the calculation expression of the carbon footprint is:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, CFT is the carbon emission carbon footprint, CES is the carbon ecological carrying capacity, CED is the carbon ecological surplus / deficit, CE is the carbon emission, CS is the carbon absorption, P c 、P f 、P g and P u are the carbon absorption ratios of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and urban green land respectively; NEP c 、NEP f 、NEP g and NEP u are the net ecosystem productions of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and urban green land respectively.

[0106] It should be noted that when calculating the carbon footprint using the method in this embodiment, at least one of the above-mentioned target type lands is default included in the target sub-regions divided based on the gradient levels. If none of the target type lands are included, the acquisition of the carbon absorption ratio and net ecosystem production corresponding to the target type land is omitted when calculating the carbon footprint.

[0107] For example, in some other specific embodiments, the target type lands in target sub-region 2 only include cultivated land, forest land, and grassland, and the rest remains unchanged. Then, we have:

[0108]

[0109] CED2 = CFT2 - CES2

[0110] In the formula, CFT2 is the carbon emission carbon footprint of target sub-region 2, CES2 is the carbon ecological carrying capacity of target sub-region 2, and CED2 is the carbon ecological surplus / deficit of target sub-region 2.

[0111] Further and optionally, the calculation expression of the net ecosystem production is:

[0112]

[0113] In the formula, NEP is the net ecosystem production, c, f, g, and u respectively represent cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and urban greening, CSR i is the carbon absorption rate for the i-th type of crop to synthesize unit organic matter, YE i is the economic yield of the i-th type of crop, H i is the economic coefficient of the i-th type of crop, S k is the occupied area of target type land k.

[0114] Step S30: Based on the carbon footprints corresponding to each of the target sub-regions, determine the evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated.

[0115] In this embodiment, after calculating the carbon footprints corresponding to each of the target sub-regions divided with the gradient level as the research unit, based on the carbon footprints corresponding to each of the target sub-regions, the evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated is comprehensively determined.

[0116] It should be noted that the specific evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect is determined according to the vertical zonality and altitude gradient in the area to be evaluated. The evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect referred to in this embodiment is a data set, and this data set can be displayed in a visual form in the user interface.

[0117] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, on the one hand, by calculating the carbon absorption in the area to be evaluated from three dimensions: the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension, and calculating the carbon emissions in the area to be evaluated from six dimensions: the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agriculture dimension, the respiration dimension, and the water area carbon volatilization dimension, a carbon emission and absorption calculation model that is more in line with the area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient is constructed; on the other hand, the topographic position index calculated by the elevation value and the slope value is used to divide the land area to be evaluated into multiple target sub-regions with different target gradients; after evaluating the two dimensions of the topographic gradient effect and the land gradient utilization characteristics of each target sub-region, the evaluation result of the land change degree of the land area to be evaluated is comprehensively obtained, realizing the accurate evaluation of the complex land area, and providing an analysis basis for the subsequent research and regulation of the carbon emission effect of the complex land area; on the other hand, by introducing gradient levels to divide the land area to be evaluated to analyze the land use characteristics in the vertical direction, and analyzing the land use distribution and changes under different gradient levels, not only considering the overall impact of topography on land use, but also deeply analyzing the spatial distribution and spatial changes of different land use types under the conditions of land vertical differentiation and gradient stratification, etc., realizing the accurate evaluation of the land area with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0118] Second Embodiment

[0119] Based on the first embodiment, in this embodiment, for how to calculate the carbon absorption from the three dimensions of the natural vegetation dimension, the crop dimension, and the water area dimension, the calculation methods for the above three dimensions are given in this embodiment:

[0120] (1.1) Carbon absorption of natural vegetation

[0121] Obtain the carbon sink capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type vegetation of the target sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type vegetation;

[0122] Calculate the carbon absorption of natural vegetation according to the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0123] Take the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type vegetation as the carbon absorption of natural vegetation;

[0124] Exemplarily, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0125]

[0126] In the formula, CS vegetation is the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, GPP i is the carbon sink capacity per unit area of vegetation of target type i, A iIs the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation.

[0127] Furthermore, GPP i The value can be referred to as shown in Table 1 below:

[0128] Table 1. Natural vegetation carbon absorption parameters

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] (1.2) Carbon absorption of crops

[0132] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the target sub-region, the carbon absorption rate per unit of organic matter synthesized by the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0133] Calculate the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crops based on the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0134] Take the sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption of the crops;

[0135] Exemplarily, the carbon absorption calculation formula for crops is as follows:

[0136]

[0137] In the formula, CS crops Is the carbon absorption of crops; Y i Is the biological yield of the target type of crop i, mainly obtained by dividing the economic yield (YE i ) of the corresponding crop by its economic coefficient (H i ); CSR i Is the carbon absorption rate per unit of organic matter synthesized by the target type of crop i; P i Is the water content of the target type of crop i.

[0138] Furthermore, the crop carbon absorption parameters are shown in Table 2 below:

[0139] Table 2. Crop carbon absorption parameters

[0140]

[0141] (1.3) Carbon absorption of water areas

[0142] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption of wet and dry deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the target sub-region;

[0143] The water area carbon absorption amount is calculated based on the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of the water area, the water area, the carbon absorption amount of wet and dry deposition per unit area of the water area, and the total area of the target sub-region.

[0144] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the water area carbon absorption amount is as follows:

[0145]

[0146] In the formula, CS water is the water area carbon absorption amount; WSR is the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of the water area; A water is the water area; WDD is the carbon absorption of wet and dry deposition per unit area of the water area, and A is the total area of the target sub-region.

[0147] Further, the water area carbon absorption and carbon emission parameters are shown in Table 3 below:

[0148] Table 3. Water area carbon absorption and carbon emission parameters

[0149]

[0150] Third Embodiment

[0151] Based on any one of the embodiments, in this embodiment, for how to calculate the carbon emissions from six dimensions: energy consumption dimension, industrial production process dimension, waste treatment dimension, agricultural dimension, respiration dimension, and water area carbon volatilization dimension, the calculation methods for the above six dimensions are given in this embodiment:

[0152] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0153] Obtain the consumption amount, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption amount, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient, and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption amount, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption amount, the carbon dioxide emission factor, and the methane emission factor; determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel;

[0154] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the carbon emissions from energy consumption is as follows:

[0155]

[0156] In the formula, CE energyis the carbon emissions from energy consumption; E i is the consumption of the i-th type of target energy; NCV i is the net calorific value of the i-th type of target energy (also known as the average lower calorific value); EM i is the CO2 emission factor of the i-th type of target energy, which can be calculated by the product of the carbon content per unit calorific value and the carbon oxidation rate; CF i is the CH4 emission factor of the i-th type of target energy.

[0157] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission parameters for each energy type can refer to Table 4 below:

[0158] Table 4. Carbon Emission Parameters for Each Energy Type

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion is as follows:

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, CE biomass is the carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion; E i is the fuel consumption of the i-th type of target biomass fuel, including the consumption of straw (rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed, soybean, and cotton) and firewood; EM i and CF i are the CO2 and CH4 emission factors of the i-th type of target biomass fuel, and the specific values are shown in Table 5.

[0164] Furthermore, the calculation formulas for the direct combustion and open-air combustion consumption of straw as fuel are as follows:

[0165]

[0166] In the formula, E is the straw combustion consumption, P k is the yield of the k-th type of crop, N k is the straw-to-grain ratio of the k-th type of crop, R is the straw burning ratio, and η is the combustion rate. The specific parameters are shown in Table 5:

[0167] Table 5. Straw Consumption Parameters

[0168]

[0169] (1.5) Carbon Emissions from Industrial Production Processes

[0170] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the target sub-region;

[0171] Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial products according to the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0172] Take the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type of industrial products as the carbon emissions during the industrial production process;

[0173] Exemplarily, the calculation formula for industrial production carbon emissions is as follows:

[0174]

[0175] In the formula, CE manu is the sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type of industrial products; Q i is the production volume of the target type of industrial product i; EF i is the CO2 emission factor of the target type of industrial product i;

[0176] Furthermore, the value of the carbon emission factor during the industrial production process can be referred to Table 6:

[0177] Table 6. Carbon emission factors during the industrial production process

[0178]

[0179] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0180] Obtain the annual garbage generation volume, the annual garbage landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery volume, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill according to the annual garbage generation volume, the annual garbage landfill treatment rate, the annual methane recovery volume, the oxidation factor, and the methane generation potential coefficient; and,

[0181] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the garbage combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the target sub-region in the current year. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region according to the incineration treatment volume, the carbon content ratio, the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, the garbage combustion efficiency, and the carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and,

[0182] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume in the domestic sewage in the target sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane generation capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery volume; and,

[0183] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from the industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount.

[0184] Determine the waste treatment carbon emissions based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target type domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generation amount from the domestic waste incineration, the total methane amount generated from the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from the industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors.

[0185] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for urban domestic waste landfill is as follows:

[0186]

[0187] P0 = LCF × DOC × DOC f × L × 16 / 12

[0188] In the formula, is the CH4 emission of the urban domestic waste landfill carbon emission; W p is the waste generation amount in the region in that year; W d is the waste landfill treatment rate; P0 is the CH4 generation potential of different types of domestic waste landfills (10 4 tCH4 / 10 4 t waste). LCF is the CH4 correction factor (ratio) of each type of domestic waste landfill; DOC is the biodegradable organic carbon; DOC f is the decomposition ratio of the biodegradable organic carbon (DOC); L is the CH4 ratio in the gas generated from the waste landfill; R is the CH4 recovery amount; OF is the oxidation factor.

[0189] It should be noted that the above carbon emission calculation model for urban domestic waste landfill is constructed based on the characteristics of domestic waste in the European and American regions, and there will be errors in evaluating the CH4 emissions from waste landfills in China. Therefore, it is necessary to make corrections. Thus, in this embodiment, LCF is introduced as the CH4 correction factor for each type of domestic waste landfill.

[0190] Furthermore, the values of each parameter can be referred to in Table 7 below:

[0191] Table 7. CH4 Emission Parameters for Urban Domestic Waste Landfill

[0192]

[0193] Exemplarily, the carbon emission calculation formula for urban domestic waste incineration is as follows:

[0194]

[0195] In the formula, is the carbon emission of urban domestic waste in the year of the area to be evaluated; WI is the incineration treatment volume of urban domestic waste; WCP is the proportion of carbon content in urban domestic waste; MCP is the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon of domestic waste; IE is the combustion efficiency of urban domestic waste; 44 / 12 is the conversion coefficient for converting carbon to CO2.

[0196] Furthermore, for the parameter values in the calculation formula of carbon emission from incineration of urban domestic waste, refer to Table 8 below:

[0197] Table 8. Calculation parameters of carbon emission from domestic sewage treatment

[0198]

[0199] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of carbon emission from domestic sewage treatment is as follows:

[0200]

[0201] In the formula, is the methane emission of urban domestic waste in the year of the area to be evaluated; BOD is the total amount of organic matter in domestic sewage; G is the maximum generation capacity of CH4; MCF is the CH4 correction factor; R is the CH4 recovery amount.

[0202] It should be noted that since only the chemical oxygen demand (COD) data is statistically available in China, COD can be converted to BOD during calculation, and the conversion coefficient is 0.51.

[0203] Exemplarily, the calculation formula of carbon emission from industrial wastewater treatment is as follows:

[0204]

[0205] In the formula, is the total amount of CH4 released from industrial wastewater treatment in the area to be evaluated; i is the target industrial sector; COD i is the total amount of biodegradable organic matter in the wastewater of the target industrial sector i; D i is the organic matter removed in the form of sludge by the target industrial sector i.

[0206] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 9.

[0207] Table 9. Carbon emission parameters for wastewater treatment

[0208]

[0209] (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions

[0210] Obtain the input amount of agricultural production materials of the target type and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials in the target sub-region, and calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type according to the input amount and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials; and,

[0211] Obtain the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the target sub-region, and calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0212] Obtain the number of animals of the target type, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management in the target sub-region, and calculate the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of the animals of the target type according to the number, the methane emission factor of enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor of manure management;

[0213] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions of enteric fermentation and manure management of each target type of animal;

[0214] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of agricultural production carbon emissions is:

[0215]

[0216] In the formula, CE agriculture is the agricultural production carbon emissions; Q i is the input amount of the target type of agricultural production material i; EF i is the carbon emission factor of the target type of agricultural production material i.

[0217] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials are shown in Table 10 below:

[0218] Table 10. Carbon Emission Factors of Agricultural Production Materials

[0219]

[0220]

[0221] Exemplarily, the calculation expression of the methane emissions of the target type of rice is as follows:

[0222]

[0223] In the formula, CE paddy is the total CH4 emission from paddy fields; m is the rice planting type; A m is the planting area of the target type of rice m; EFi is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to rice variety m of the target type.

[0224] Furthermore, the values of the rice carbon emission factors are shown in Table 11 below:

[0225] Table 11. Values of Rice Carbon Emission Factors

[0226]

[0227] Exemplarily, the calculation expressions for the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management are as follows:

[0228]

[0229] In the formula, CE animal is the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management; N k is the number of animals of target type k; EF k1 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the intestinal fermentation of animals of target type k, and EF k2 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of animals of target type k;

[0230] Furthermore, the values of the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of animals of target type k can be as shown in Table 12 below:

[0231] Table 12. CH4 Emission Factors for Animal Intestinal Fermentation and Manure Management

[0232]

[0233] (1.8) Carbon Emissions from Respiration

[0234] Obtain the population quantity and human respiration carbon emission factor in the target sub-region, as well as the quantity of each target type of livestock and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor, and calculate the human and livestock respiration carbon emissions in the target sub-region based on the population quantity, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the quantity of each target type of livestock, and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor;

[0235] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions in the target sub-region, and calculate the autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation based on the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0236] Determine the carbon emissions from respiration based on the human and livestock respiration carbon emissions and the autotrophic respiration of plants and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of vegetation;

[0237] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration is as follows:

[0238]

[0239] In the formula, CE breathe is the carbon emissions generated by human and livestock respiration in the area to be evaluated; N h is the population quantity, and N ai is the quantity of livestock of target type i; EF h is the carbon emission factor of human respiration, and EF ai is the carbon emission factor of the respiration of livestock of target type i.

[0240] Furthermore, the specific values are shown in Table 13 below:

[0241] Table 13. Carbon Emission Factors of Human and Livestock Respiration

[0242]

[0243] (1.9) Carbon Volatilization Emissions from Water Areas

[0244] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the target sub - area and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and calculate the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0245] Exemplarily, the calculation expression for the carbon volatilization amount from water areas is as follows:

[0246]

[0247] In the formula, CE water is the carbon volatilization amount from water areas in the area to be evaluated; A i is the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be evaluated; EF is the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0248] Among them, the value of the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes refers to Table 3 in the second embodiment.

[0249] Fourth Embodiment

[0250] In this embodiment, based on the carbon footprint land - gradient utilization carbon emission accounting system proposed in the foregoing embodiments, analyze the evaluation results of the carbon emission effects of land - gradient utilization in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient.

[0251] Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration in the central and eastern regions of Yunnan Province during 2000 - 2020 as the area to be evaluated, based on the constructed land use transfer matrix above, the area change of land use types is analyzed for the transfer characteristics of land gradient use types in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration. In this example, the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration is divided into five gradient levels: I (0 - 0.40), II (0.40 - 0.53), III (0.53 - 0.63), IV (0.63 - 0.74), and V (0.74 - 1.22).

[0252] To deeply analyze the impact of land gradient use carbon emissions in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration on the natural ecological environment. In this embodiment, carbon footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and ecological deficit calculation models are used to analyze the spatial difference evolution characteristics of land gradient use carbon footprint in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2020.

[0253] Refer to Figure 2 Shown in the line chart of the change trend of land gradient use carbon footprint in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, from 2000 to 2020, the land gradient use carbon footprint in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration shows an increasing trend, rising from 77698.418 km 2 to 215716.791 km 2 , an increase of 138018.373 km 2 in 20 years. On the contrary, the carbon ecological carrying capacity shows a slight downward trend, remaining between 67189.457 - 68235.872 km 2 in 20 years, and continuously lower than the carbon footprint, indicating that the study area is always in a state of ecological deficit. As the carbon footprint continues to climb, the carbon ecological deficit increases accordingly, and the carbon cycle pressure of the terrestrial ecosystem in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration also intensifies continuously. This pressure not only affects the regional ecological balance but also has a potential impact on regional and even global climate change. At the same time, because the carbon ecological carrying capacity has remained basically unchanged in the past 20 years, the growth trend of the carbon deficit in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration is highly consistent with the carbon footprint, indicating that under the current land gradient use pattern and ecological environment management strategy, the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration faces an increasingly severe carbon deficit challenge and needs to take more effective measures to reduce carbon emissions and enhance carbon sink capacity to maintain the health and stability of the regional ecological environment. In addition, due to differences in land use methods, intensities, and biologically productive land areas under each gradient level, the ecological profit and loss situations of gradients I - V are different. Among them, gradients I and II show a state of ecological deficit. The carbon footprint of gradient I is higher than the carbon ecological carrying capacity, and the ecological deficit state is the most serious, reaching 109027.417 km 2 . Gradient II follows, with an ecological deficit of 45945.696 km 2。The biologically productive land area under these two gradient levels is not sufficient to compensate for the carbon emissions brought about by the gradient use of land. The carbon footprint shows an obvious increasing trend over the 20 years, and the carbon ecological deficit climbs. The carbon footprints and carbon ecological carrying capacities of gradient levels III-V are significantly lower than those of gradient levels I and II. In 2020, the carbon footprints of gradient levels III, IV, and V are 12866.003 km 2 、2415.436 km 2 and 329.443 km 2 respectively, and the carbon ecological carrying capacities are 13535.413 km 2 、6893.228 km 2 and 1628.021 km 2 respectively. Compared with 2000, the carbon footprints and carbon ecological carrying capacities under the three gradient levels have all increased to a certain extent, but the carbon ecological carrying capacity is always higher than the carbon footprint, showing a state of carbon ecological surplus all the time, indicating that the carbon emission load under these three gradient levels is lower than the carbon carrying capacity of the ecosystem.

[0254] As an implementation solution, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the hardware operating environment of the computer system involved in the solution of the embodiment of the present application.

[0255] As Figure 3 shown, the computer system may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a memory 1005, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a communication bus 1002. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display) and an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard). Optionally, the user interface 1003 may further include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile memory), such as a disk memory. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0256] Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 3 the computer system architecture shown in

[0257] does not constitute a limitation on the computer system, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. Figure 3As shown in the figure, the memory 1005 as a storage medium may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization. Among them, the operating system is a program that manages and controls the hardware and software resources of a computer system, and runs the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization and other software or programs.

[0258] In Figure 3 In the computer system shown in the figure, the user interface 1003 is mainly used to connect to the terminal and communicate with the terminal for data; the network interface 1004 is mainly used to connect to the background server and communicate with the background server for data; the processor 1001 can be used to call the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005.

[0259] In this embodiment, the computer system includes: a memory 1005, a processor 1001, and a carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored on the memory and operable on the processor, where:

[0260] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0261] Calculate the carbon absorption amount and carbon emission amount generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated. Among them, the carbon absorption amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption amount of crops, and the carbon absorption amount of water areas; the carbon emission amount is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission amount of energy consumption, the carbon emission amount of industrial production processes, the carbon emission amount of waste treatment, the carbon emission amount of agriculture, the carbon emission amount of respiration, and the carbon volatilization emission amount of water areas; the gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land.

[0262] Obtain the net ecosystem production amount and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the target sub-region, and calculate the carbon footprint corresponding to the target sub-region according to the carbon emission amount, carbon absorption amount, and the net ecosystem production amount and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land. Among them, the carbon footprint includes a carbon emission footprint, a carbon ecological carrying capacity, and a carbon ecological surplus / deficit.

[0263] Based on the carbon footprint corresponding to each target sub-region, determine the evaluation result of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect of the area to be evaluated.

[0264] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0265] (1.1) Carbon absorption amount of natural vegetation

[0266] Obtain the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of the target type of vegetation in the area to be evaluated and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0267] Calculate the carbon absorption of natural vegetation based on the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0268] Take the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation as the carbon absorption of natural vegetation;

[0269] (1.2) Carbon absorption of crops

[0270] Obtain the biological yield of the target type of crops in the area to be evaluated, the carbon absorption rate for synthesizing unit organic matter of the target type of crops, and the water content of the target type of crops;

[0271] Calculate the carbon absorption of photosynthesis of the target type of crops based on the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0272] Take the sum of the carbon absorption of photosynthesis corresponding to each target type of crops as the carbon absorption of crops;

[0273] (1.3) Carbon absorption of water areas

[0274] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas in the area to be evaluated, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the area to be evaluated;

[0275] Calculate the carbon absorption of water areas based on the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water areas, the water area, the carbon absorption of dry and wet deposition per unit area of water areas, and the total area of the area to be evaluated.

[0276] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon footprint assessment program stored in the memory 1005 based on land gradient utilization, the following operations are performed:

[0277] (1.4) Carbon emissions from energy consumption

[0278] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of energy in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Also, obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-region. Calculate the carbon emissions from the combustion of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor, and methane emission factor. Determine the carbon emissions from energy consumption based on the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption corresponding to each target type of energy and the sum of the carbon emissions from the combustion of biomass fuels corresponding to each target type of biomass fuel.

[0279] (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes

[0280] Obtain the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of the target type of industrial product in the target sub-region;

[0281] Calculate the carbon emissions from industrial production of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0282] Take the sum of the carbon emissions from industrial production corresponding to each target type of industrial product as the carbon emissions from industrial production processes;

[0283] (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0284] Obtain the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient of the target type of domestic waste landfill in the target sub-region. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of domestic waste landfill based on the annual garbage generation volume, annual garbage landfill treatment rate, annual methane recovery volume, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient. Also,

[0285] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the target sub-region. Calculate the carbon dioxide generation amount from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient. Also,

[0286] Obtain the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery volume in the domestic sewage of the target sub-region. Calculate the total amount of methane generated from domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, maximum methane generation capacity, methane correction factor, and methane recovery volume. Also,

[0287] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount. Calculate the carbon emissions generated from the industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the biodegradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by the sludge method, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount.

[0288] Determine the carbon emissions from waste treatment based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target type of municipal solid waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generated from the incineration of municipal solid waste, the total methane generated from the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated from the industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors.

[0289] (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions

[0290] Obtain the input amount of the target type of agricultural production materials in the target sub-region and the carbon emission factor of the agricultural production materials. Calculate the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type of agricultural production materials based on the input amount and the carbon emission factor of the agricultural production materials; and,

[0291] Obtain the rice planting area of the target type of rice in the target sub-region and the methane emission factor. Calculate the methane emissions of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and,

[0292] Obtain the number of the target type of animals in the target sub-region, the methane emission factor for enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor for manure management. Calculate the carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of the target type of animals based on the number, the methane emission factor for enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor for manure management.

[0293] Determine the agricultural carbon emissions based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of each of the target type of animals.

[0294] (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration

[0295] Obtain the population number in the target sub-region and the carbon emission factor for human respiration, as well as the number of each target type of livestock and the carbon emission factor for livestock respiration. Calculate the carbon emissions from human and livestock respiration in the target sub-region based on the population number, the carbon emission factor for human respiration, the number of each target type of livestock, and the carbon emission factor for livestock respiration.

[0296] Obtain the land area of the target type of vegetation in the target sub-region, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount, and calculate the autotrophic respiration of the target type of vegetation and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount of the soil according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration amount per unit area of the plants, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount;

[0297] Determine the carbon emission amount of respiration according to the carbon emission amount of human and livestock respiration, and the autotrophic respiration of plants and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission amount of the soil corresponding to each of the target types of vegetation;

[0298] (1.9) Carbon emission from water area volatilization

[0299] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the target sub-region, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and calculate the carbon emission from water area volatilization according to the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0300] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon footprint assessment program stored in the memory 1005 based on land gradient utilization, the following operations are performed:

[0301] Divide the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-regions with the target radius range as a unit;

[0302] Calculate the topographic position index corresponding to each of the sub-regions;

[0303] Determine the target gradient where each of the target sub-regions is located according to the numerical interval where the topographic position index corresponding to each of the sub-regions is located;

[0304] Determine the sub-regions in the same target gradient as the target sub-region composed of one or more of the sub-regions.

[0305] When the processor 1001 calls the carbon footprint assessment program stored in the memory 1005 based on land gradient utilization, the following operations are performed:

[0306] Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as the target pixel with the pixel as a unit, and take the average of the elevation values and slope values of all pixels within the target radius range centered on the target pixel to obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel;

[0307] Based on the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, and the average elevation value and average slope value, calculate the topographic position index within the target radius range:

[0308]

[0309] In the formula, T ij(R) is the local window topographic position index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column under the local window within the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered on the target pixel at the position (i, j), H ij and S ij are the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel respectively, is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

[0310] In addition, referring to Figure 4 , this embodiment also proposes an evaluation model for the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization. The evaluation model for the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization includes:

[0311] A carbon absorption and emission calculation module 100, which is used to calculate the carbon absorption and carbon emissions generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-region divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated. Among them, the carbon absorption is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption of crops, and the carbon absorption of water areas. The carbon emissions are calculated by the sum of the carbon emissions from energy consumption, the carbon emissions from industrial production processes, the carbon emissions from waste treatment, the carbon emissions from agriculture, the carbon emissions from respiration, and the carbon volatilization emissions from water areas. The gradient levels are divided by the topographic position index calculated from the elevation value and slope value of the land;

[0312] A carbon footprint calculation module 200, which is used to obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the carbon footprint according to the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, as well as the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land. Among them, the carbon footprint includes the carbon emission footprint, the carbon ecological carrying capacity, and the carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit;

[0313] A carbon emission effect evaluation module 300, which is used to determine the evaluation result of the carbon emission effect of the land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated based on the carbon footprint.

[0314] In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of implementing the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. This computer program includes program instructions, and the computer program can be stored in a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. The program instructions are executed by at least one processor in the computer system to implement the process steps of the embodiments of the above methods.

[0315] Therefore, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization. When the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, it implements each step of the carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in the above embodiments.

[0316] Among them, the computer-readable storage medium may be a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, etc., which are various computer-readable storage media that can store program codes.

[0317] It should be noted that since the storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application is the storage medium used to implement the method of the embodiments of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and variations of the storage medium based on the method introduced in the embodiments of the present application, so it will not be elaborated here. Any storage medium used in the method of the embodiments of the present application belongs to the scope protected by the present application.

[0318] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0319] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions, and the combination of the flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram can also be implemented. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate a device for implementing the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one or more blocks.

[0320] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing devices to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction device, and the instruction device implements the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1The functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0321] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide for implementing the steps of the functions specified in one process or more processes and / or boxes. Figure 1 One process or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the functions specified in one box or more boxes.

[0322] It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present application can be implemented by means of hardware including several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim listing several devices, several of these devices may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0323] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they learn the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0324] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Calculate the carbon absorption and carbon emission generated by land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-area divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, wherein the carbon absorption is calculated by the sum of natural vegetation carbon absorption, crop carbon absorption and water carbon absorption, and the carbon emission is calculated by the sum of energy consumption carbon emission, industrial production process carbon emission, waste treatment carbon emission, agricultural carbon emission, respiration carbon emission and water carbon volatilization emission, and the gradient level is divided by the terrain index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land; Obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the target sub-area, and calculate the carbon footprint corresponding to the target sub-area according to the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land, wherein the carbon footprint includes carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / deficit; Based on the carbon footprint corresponding to each of the target sub-areas, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment result of the area to be assessed is determined.

2. The carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for calculating the carbon absorption amount include: (1.1) Carbon absorption by natural vegetation Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the target sub-region and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation; Calculate the carbon absorption of natural vegetation based on the carbon sink capacity per unit area and the land area; The sum of the carbon absorption amounts of the natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation is taken as the carbon absorption amount of the natural vegetation; (1.2) Carbon absorption by crops Obtaining the biological yield of target type crops in the target sub-area, the carbon absorption rate of the target type crops per unit organic matter, and the water content of the target type crops; Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crop according to the biological yield, the carbon absorption rate and the water content; The sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop is used as the crop carbon absorption amount; (1.3) Carbon absorption in water bodies Obtain the carbon fixation rate per unit area of ​​water area, water area, dry and wet carbon absorption per unit area of ​​water area and the total area of ​​the target sub-area; The carbon absorption amount of the water area is calculated based on the carbon fixation rate per unit area of ​​the water area, the water area, the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption amount per unit area of ​​the water area and the total area of ​​the target sub-area.

3. The carbon emission pressure assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps for calculating the carbon emissions include: (1.4) Energy consumption and carbon emissions Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the target sub-area, and calculate the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the sub-area, and calculate the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor and the methane emission factor; determine the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the sum of the energy consumption carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of energy and the sum of the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of biomass fuels; (1.5) Carbon emissions from industrial production processes Obtaining the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of target type industrial products in the target sub-area; Calculate the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor; The sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product is taken as the carbon emissions of the industrial production process; (1.6) Carbon emissions from waste treatment Obtaining the current year's garbage generation, current year's garbage landfill treatment rate, current year's methane recovery, oxidation factor, and target type of domestic garbage landfill methane generation potential coefficient of the target sub-region, and calculating the methane emissions of the target type of domestic garbage landfill based on the current year's garbage generation, current year's garbage landfill treatment rate, current year's methane recovery, oxidation factor, and methane generation potential coefficient; and, Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the target sub-region in that year, and calculate the carbon dioxide generation from the incineration of domestic waste in the target sub-region based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and Obtaining the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the target sub-area, and calculating the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment according to the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount; and, Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount, and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor and the methane recovery amount; The waste treatment carbon emissions are determined based on the sum of the methane emissions from each of the target types of domestic waste landfills, the carbon dioxide generated by the incineration of domestic waste, the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions generated by the industrial wastewater treatment of each of the target industrial sectors; (1.7) Agricultural carbon emissions Obtaining the input amount of target type agricultural production materials and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials in the target sub-area, and calculating the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the target type agricultural production materials according to the input amount and the carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials; and Acquire the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the target sub-area, and calculate the methane emission of the target type of rice according to the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and, Obtaining the number of target type animals in the target sub-area, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor, and calculating the animal enteric fermentation and manure management carbon emissions of the target type animals based on the number, the enteric fermentation methane emission factor, and the manure management methane emission factor; The agricultural carbon emissions are determined based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each of the target types of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and feces management of each of the target types of animals; (1.8) Carbon emissions from respiration Obtaining the population and human respiration carbon emission factor in the target sub-area, as well as the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor, and calculating the human and livestock respiration carbon emission in the target sub-area based on the population, the human respiration carbon emission factor, the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiration carbon emission factor; Obtaining the land area, autotrophic respiration per unit area of ​​the target type of vegetation and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission per unit area of ​​the plant in the target sub-area, and calculating the plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emission of the target type of vegetation according to the land area, the autotrophic respiration per unit area of ​​the plant and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emission per unit area; The respiration carbon emissions are determined based on the carbon emissions from human and animal respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each of the target vegetation types; (1.9) Carbon volatilization emissions from water bodies The area of ​​rivers or lakes in the target sub-area and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of ​​rivers or lakes are obtained, and the carbon volatilization emissions in the water area are calculated according to the area of ​​rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of ​​rivers or lakes.

4. The carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of dividing the target sub-area comprises: Taking the target radius range as a unit, dividing the area to be evaluated into multiple sub-areas; Calculating the terrain index corresponding to each of the sub-areas; Determining the target gradient of each target sub-region according to the numerical range of the terrain index corresponding to each sub-region; The sub-regions in the same target gradient are determined as the target sub-region composed of one or more sub-regions.

5. The carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of calculating the terrain index corresponding to each target sub-area specifically includes: Select any pixel in the area to be evaluated as a target pixel in units of pixels, take the target pixel as the center, take the average of the elevation values ​​and slope values ​​of all pixels within the target radius, and obtain the average elevation value and average slope value of the target pixel; Based on the elevation value and slope value of the target pixel, as well as the average elevation value and the average slope value, the terrain index within the target radius is calculated: Where, T ij (R) is the local window topographic index of the pixel in the i-th row and j-th column in the local window of the target radius range R; u ij is the local window centered at the target pixel at position (i, j), H ij and S ij are the elevation and slope values ​​of the target pixel, respectively. is the average elevation value, is the average slope value.

6. The carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target type of land includes cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban green land, and the calculation expression of the carbon footprint is: CED=CFT-CES In the formula, CFT is the carbon footprint of carbon emissions, CES is the carbon ecological carrying capacity, CED is the carbon ecological surplus / deficit, CE is the carbon emissions, CS is the carbon absorption, P c , P f , P g and P u are the carbon absorption ratios of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban green land; NEP c 、NEP f 、NEP g and NEP u They are the net ecosystem production of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban green land respectively.

7. The carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation expression of the net ecosystem production is: Where NEP is the net ecosystem production, c, f, g and u represent cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening respectively, CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of organic matter per unit of the i-th crop, YE i is the economic output of the i-th crop, H i is the economic coefficient of the i-th crop, S k is the area of ​​target type land k.

8. A land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model, characterized in that: The land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model includes: A carbon emission calculation module is used to calculate the carbon absorption and carbon emission generated by the land gradient utilization corresponding to each target sub-area divided by gradient levels in the area to be evaluated, wherein the carbon absorption is calculated by the sum of the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, the carbon absorption of crops and the carbon absorption of water areas, and the carbon emission is calculated by the sum of the carbon emission of energy consumption, the carbon emission of industrial production process, the carbon emission of waste treatment, the carbon emission of agriculture, the carbon emission of respiration and the carbon volatilization emission of water areas, and the gradient level is divided by the terrain index calculated by the elevation value and slope value of the land; A carbon footprint calculation module, used to obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the area to be evaluated, and calculate the carbon footprint according to the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land, wherein the carbon footprint includes carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit; The carbon emission effect assessment module is used to determine the carbon emission effect assessment result of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed based on the carbon footprint.

9. A computer system, characterized in that: The computer system includes: a memory, a processor, and a carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by the processor, the steps of the carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization, and when the carbon footprint assessment program based on land gradient utilization is executed by a processor, the steps of the carbon footprint assessment method based on land gradient utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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