Negative pressure fracture fixing device for emergency treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses a negative pressure fracture fixing device for emergency treatment in the technical field of medical auxiliary equipment. The negative pressure fracture fixing device comprises a long bone fixing mechanism for fixing long bone fracture, a joint fixing mechanism for joint peripheral fracture and a pelvic bone fixing mechanism for pelvic bone fracture. The long bone fixing mechanism comprises a supporting plate and a basic fixing assembly, and the basic fixing assembly is used for attaching and fixing the supporting plate to the outer side of the long bone; the joint fixing mechanism comprises a plurality of curve rods, and the basic fixing assembly is further used for fixing the curve rods to joints at preset angles; the pelvis fixing mechanism comprises a base plate and an arc-shaped cover plate, and the base plate is detachably connected with the arc-shaped cover plate. According to the scheme, proper module combinations can be selected according to fracture types, and the device is suitable for fixing various types of fractures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical auxiliary equipment, and specifically relates to a negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid. Background Art

[0002] In the field of medical first aid, especially in emergency scenarios, fractures are one of the most common and urgently needed trauma to be treated. Fracture patients often face many risks, such as secondary injuries caused by improper handling, neurovascular injuries caused by fracture end displacement, excessive bleeding, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to quickly, effectively and stably fix the fracture site before transportation and subsequent treatment.

[0003] In the existing related technologies at present, the document with publication number CN114681252B discloses a negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid and its usage method. This solution aims to achieve elastic fixation and dynamic adjustment of the fracture site during transportation through the linkage of multiple components. Theoretically, the sliding of the sliding frame on the protective enclosure can drive the fixed cover to adjust its position to adapt to different fracture conditions. However, in actual operation scenarios, due to various factors such as individual differences of patients, such as body shape, specific position and shape of the fracture site, the adjustment flexibility of this device is limited to a certain extent, and it is difficult to precisely meet the needs of fracture fixation in various complex situations, which to a certain extent restricts its wide applicability and effectiveness in actual medical first aid.

[0004] In view of the defects existing in the prior art, there is an urgent need for a new type of fracture fixation device that can be applied to various fracture fixation requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and meet various fracture fixation requirements.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid includes a long bone fixation mechanism for long bone fractures, a joint fixation mechanism for fractures around joints, and a pelvic fixation mechanism for pelvic fractures;

[0008] The long bone fixation mechanism includes a support plate and a basic fixation component, and the basic fixation component is used to attach and fix the support plate to the outer side of the long bone;

[0009] The joint fixation mechanism includes a number of curved rods, and the basic fixation component is also used to fix the curved rods to the joint at a preset angle;

[0010] The pelvic fixation mechanism includes a backing plate and an arc-shaped cover plate, and the backing plate is detachably connected to the arc-shaped cover plate.

[0011] Principle:

[0012] For long bone fractures, the support plate in the long bone fixation mechanism can be attached to the outer side of the long bone under the action of the basic fixation component, providing stable support for the long bone. The basic fixation component can achieve good fixation of the support plate and the long bone, restrict abnormal activities of the long bone in the axial and circumferential directions, maintain the stability of the fracture ends, and prevent nerve and blood vessel injuries and secondary injuries caused by long bone displacement.

[0013] For fractures around joints, according to the physiological structures of different joints and the deformity angles after fractures, curve rods with different bending degrees are selected to make the curve rods conform to the shapes of the bones and soft tissues around the joints, effectively restricting abnormal flexion, extension and rotation of the joints.

[0014] For pelvic fractures, during use, the cushion plate is placed under the patient's pelvis, and the arc-shaped cover plate covers the pelvis. The two are closely attached to the pelvis through a detachable connection method, forming a stable surrounding fixation for the pelvis, restricting the displacement of the pelvis in all directions, reducing the risk of massive bleeding and organ injuries caused by pelvic fractures, and the positions and fitting degrees of the cushion plate and the arc-shaped cover plate can be flexibly adjusted according to the patient's pelvic shape and the severity of the fracture.

[0015] The following beneficial effects can be obtained by adopting the above scheme:

[0016] This scheme covers the fixation requirements of three common and key fracture sites, namely long bones, around joints and the pelvis, and is no longer limited to a single fracture type or site. It can meet the complex and diverse fracture situations in emergency rescue scenarios. Whether it is long bone fractures of the extremities (such as femoral, tibiofibular, humeral, ulnar and radial fractures), fractures around joints such as shoulders, elbows, hips and knees, or pelvic fractures, the corresponding mechanisms can be used for effective fixation, greatly expanding the applicable range of the fracture fixation device and improving its wide applicability in actual medical first aid.

[0017] Furthermore, the basic fixation component includes at least a pair of fixing plates; card slots and convex blocks are arranged on the fixing plates. When two adjacent fixing plates are attached to each other, the convex blocks are in sliding fit with the card slots of the other party; first locking mechanisms for locking the convex blocks are arranged in the card slots; a number of mortise slots are opened on the fixing plates. When fixing fractures around joints, the two ends of the curve rod are respectively engaged with the mortise slots.

[0018] Beneficial effects: When fixing long bone fractures, select the fixing plates and the support plate for assembly. The support plate abuts against the patient's long bone to play a supporting role. Then use a pair of fixing plates to fix the support plate and the affected limb together. Through the sliding fit of the card slots and convex blocks on the fixing plates, the position can be adjusted according to the shape of the affected limb and the fracture position, so that the fixing device can closely fit the affected limb and achieve stable fixation of the long bone.

[0019] When fixing periarticular fractures, the basic fixation components also play a key role. At this time, the fixation plate and the curved rod are selected for assembly. The curved rod is used to replace the joint for support. The curved rod is suspended around the injured joint, and then the two ends of the curved rod are respectively inserted into the tenons on different fixation plates. The curved rod is fixed to the healthy limb through the fixation plate to limit the abnormal movement of the joint.

[0020] A first locking mechanism for locking the protrusion is provided in the slot. After the position of the fixing plate is adjusted, the protrusion is locked by the first locking mechanism, thereby ensuring a firm connection between the fixing plate and the support plate or the curved rod, which will not loosen due to factors such as patient activities, thereby improving the overall stability of fracture fixation and reducing the risk of fracture end displacement due to unstable fixation.

[0021] When fixing long bone fractures, the combination of the fixation plate and the support plate can be adjusted according to individual differences such as the length and thickness of the long bones to achieve precise fixation; and when fixing periarticular fractures, the combination of the fixation plate and the curved rod can be accurately positioned and fixed according to the anatomical morphology and fracture type of the joint, ensuring that the periarticular fracture heals stably at a reasonable angle, meeting various fracture fixation needs and improving the practicality and applicability of the device.

[0022] Furthermore, the first locking mechanism includes a movable groove opened on one side of the card slot, a self-locking ball is slidably fitted in the movable groove, and a slot is connected to the end of the movable groove away from the card slot, and a plug-in is slidably fitted in the slot; a self-locking groove is opened on the protrusion; when the plug-in and the self-locking ball are against each other, the self-locking ball fits into the self-locking groove.

[0023] Beneficial effect: When the fixed plate and the support plate or the curved rod are assembled, when the plug-in abuts against the self-locking ball, the self-locking ball fits with the self-locking groove on the protrusion, thereby firmly locking the protrusion in the slot to prevent the protrusion from sliding and shifting in the slot, ensuring a tight and stable connection between the fixed plate and the support plate or the curved rod.

[0024] When assembling the fixing device, medical staff only need to insert the protrusion into the slot, and then push the plug-in to make the self-locking ball fit into the self-locking slot to complete the connection between the fixing plate and the support plate or the curved rod. The operation is simple and quick, without the need for complex tools and tedious steps, greatly saving first aid time.

[0025] Similarly, when the fixing device needs to be removed for review or adjustment, the plug-in can be pulled out to disengage the self-locking ball from the self-locking groove, and the connection between the fixing plate and the support plate or curved rod can be easily removed, making it convenient for medical staff to operate flexibly according to the patient's condition.

[0026] Furthermore, a plurality of adsorption blocks are arranged on both sides of the pad; a plurality of adsorption grooves are arranged on the inner sides of both ends of the arc-shaped cover plate, and the adsorption grooves are connected with adsorption components. When the pad is connected to the arc-shaped cover plate, the adsorption blocks are matched with the adsorption grooves.

[0027] Beneficial effects: When facing a patient with pelvic fracture, the backing plate and the arc-shaped cover plate can be stably attached to the patient's pelvic area with the close cooperation of the adsorption blocks, adsorption grooves and the adsorption assembly, preventing the fixing device from shifting or loosening during use, providing continuous and stable support for the fracture site, and being beneficial to the healing and stability of pelvic fracture.

[0028] Furthermore, the adsorption assembly includes a first sliding groove; a slider is slidably connected in the first sliding groove, the first sliding groove communicates with a plurality of negative pressure grooves, the negative pressure grooves are respectively communicated with the adsorption grooves, piston rods are slidably fitted in the negative pressure grooves, one ends of the piston rods far from the adsorption grooves are fixedly connected to the slider, a moving mechanism and a second locking mechanism are arranged on the slider, the moving mechanism is used for moving the slider, and the second locking mechanism is used for restricting the movement of the slider.

[0029] Beneficial effects: When the adsorption assembly works, first connect the backing plate and the arc-shaped cover plate according to the patient's body type, and make the adsorption blocks and the appropriate adsorption grooves initially fit. Subsequently, the staff drives the slider to move in the first sliding groove by using the moving mechanism. The movement of the slider will drive the piston rod connected thereto to slide in the negative pressure groove. As the piston rod moves, a certain space is formed in the corresponding negative pressure groove, so that a stable negative pressure is generated in the adsorption groove, thereby enabling the adsorption blocks and the adsorption grooves to be closely attached. When the slider moves to the position of the second locking mechanism, the second locking mechanism fixes the slider, ensuring the stable fixation of the adsorption blocks in the adsorption grooves, and further realizing the stable wrapping of the arc-shaped cover plate and the backing plate on the patient's pelvic area.

[0030] Driving the slider to move through the moving mechanism to generate a stable negative pressure, making the adsorption blocks and the adsorption grooves closely attached, and cooperating with the second locking mechanism to fix the slider, enhances the stability of the connection between the arc-shaped cover plate and the backing plate. This stability can prevent the fixing device from shifting or loosening during use, provide stable support for the healing of pelvic fracture, and reduce the risk of fracture end displacement.

[0031] The entire adsorption assembly is simple to operate, and medical staff can quickly complete the assembly and fixation of the arc-shaped cover plate and the backing plate. This convenience not only improves the first aid efficiency and saves valuable time, but also enables medical staff to more efficiently handle the pelvic fracture situations of different patients.

[0032] Furthermore, the moving mechanism includes a pull rope, one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected to the slider, the other end of the pull rope penetrates through the first sliding groove and extends to the outside, and a pull ring is arranged at the end of the pull rope far from the slider.

[0033] Beneficial effects: Medical staff can drive the pull rope by pulling the pull ring, and then drive the slider to move in the first sliding groove. This design enables medical staff to easily and flexibly adjust the fitting position of the adsorption blocks and the adsorption grooves, the operation is simple and easy to perform, greatly improving the convenience of the operation and saving the first aid time.

[0034] The setting of the pull rope and the pull ring does not require the aid of other complex tools or equipment. Medical staff can directly adjust the position of the slider through manual operation, reducing the operation complexity and improving the first aid efficiency.

[0035] Furthermore, the second locking mechanism includes a first groove formed on one side of the slider, and a switching block is slidably connected in the first groove;

[0036] A limiting groove is formed on one side of the first chute, a limiting block is slidably connected in the limiting groove, and a first return spring is arranged between the limiting block and the inner wall of the limiting groove;

[0037] When the slider passes by the limiting block, the limiting block engages with the first groove; when the slider continues to move, mutual sliding occurs between the limiting block and the switching block.

[0038] Beneficial effects: When the slider moves to the preset position, the limiting block engages with the first groove on the slider under the elastic force of the first return spring, realizing the precise positioning and fixing of the slider, ensuring that the slider will not retract under the action of the negative pressure in the negative pressure groove, ensuring the stability of the negative pressure in the negative pressure groove, guaranteeing the tight fit between the adsorption block and the adsorption groove, thereby improving the connection stability between the arc-shaped cover plate and the backing plate.

[0039] If unlocking is required, continue to lift the pull rope to drive the switching block in the slider to cross the limiting block, so that the limiting block is released from the restriction of the first groove. Then release the pull rope, the negative pressure in the negative pressure groove disappears, the piston rod resets, and the adsorption block and the adsorption groove are unlocked.

[0040] When unlocking, just continue to lift the pull rope upward to drive the switching block in the slider to cross the limiting block, so that the limiting block is released from the restriction of the first groove. The operation is simple and convenient, without the need for additional tools or complex steps. Medical staff can quickly complete the unlocking operation, saving time and improving the first aid efficiency.

[0041] The entire locking and unlocking process is intuitive. Medical staff can complete it by lifting the pull rope, reducing the operation difficulty, making the device easier to use. Especially in emergency situations, it can respond quickly and win precious treatment time for patients.

[0042] Furthermore, an anti-misunlocking mechanism is also arranged in the limiting groove; the anti-misunlocking mechanism includes a return cavity, the return cavity is communicated with the limiting groove, a Tesla valve channel is arranged on the communication path between the return cavity and the limiting groove, the fluid flowing from the limiting groove to the return cavity is reverse flow, and a shear thickening fluid is filled between the limiting groove, the Tesla valve channel and the return cavity; a return mechanism is also arranged in the return cavity, and the return mechanism is used to guide the shear thickening fluid back to the limiting groove.

[0043] Beneficial effects: When the pull rope or pull ring is suddenly pulled due to abnormal reasons, the pressure on the limit block increases sharply. At this time, the limit block generates a large stress on the shear thickening fluid, resulting in a significant decrease in the fluidity of the shear thickening fluid. At the same time, the special structure of the Tesla valve channel hinders the reverse flow of the fluid, further reducing the fluidity of the shear thickening fluid.

[0044] When the pull rope or pull ring is abnormally pulled, the pressure on the limit block increases sharply. At this time, the limit block generates a large stress on the shear thickening fluid, resulting in a significant decrease in the fluidity of the shear thickening fluid. At the same time, the special structure of the Tesla valve channel hinders the reverse flow of the fluid, further restricting the displacement of the limit block, thus effectively preventing accidental unlocking caused by accidental traction and ensuring the stability of the fixing device.

[0045] The anti-misunlocking mechanism can keep the fixing device locked in case of an accident, avoid fixing failure caused by misunlocking, and thus improve the safety of the entire device.

[0046] At the same time, without increasing the unlocking difficulty, through the synergistic effect of the shear thickening fluid and the Tesla valve channel, the locking effect of the limit block is enhanced, and the reliability of the device is improved.

[0047] Furthermore, the reflux mechanism includes a reflux plate and a second return spring; the reflux plate is slidably matched with the reflux cavity, and the second return spring is used to support the reflux plate to reset.

[0048] Beneficial effects: After unlocking, the reflux mechanism can quickly guide the shear thickening fluid back to the limit groove, enabling the device to quickly return to the initial state, preparing for the next locking, without additional operations or waiting for the fluid to naturally reflux, saving time and improving the unlocking efficiency.

[0049] Furthermore, pressure layers are provided both inside the arc-shaped cover plate and inside the backing plate. A number of extrusion grooves are arrayed in the pressure layers. Extrusion blocks are slidably connected in the extrusion grooves, and pressure sensors are provided on the extrusion blocks; adjacent extrusion grooves are interconnected, and micro-valves are provided on the communication paths of the extrusion grooves; a pump assembly and a control unit are further included. The pump assembly is used to adjust the air pressure in each extrusion groove; the control unit is used to judge the pressure situation of the patient based on the information of the pressure sensors and control the operation of the pump assembly.

[0050] Beneficial effects: The pressure sensors continuously monitor the pressure on each part of the patient's pelvis and feed the data back to the control unit. The control unit accurately judges the pressure situation of the patient based on the pressure information, ensures uniform pressure distribution, reduces the risk of discomfort or pressure sores caused by excessive local pressure, and improves the comfort of the patient.

[0051] By continuously monitoring and regulating the pressure, ensuring uniform pressure distribution, reducing the risk of discomfort or pressure sores caused by excessive local pressure, and improving the comfort of the patient.

[0052] The uniform pressure distribution reduces soft tissue damage and blood circulation disorders that may be caused by excessive local pressure, improving the safety of the device. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0053] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the long bone fixation mechanism in the negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the joint fixation mechanism in the negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 It is Figure 1 a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the arc-shaped cover plate in

[0057] Figure 5 It is Figure 1 a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the backing plate in

[0058] Figure 6 It is Figure 1 a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fixing plate in

[0059] Figure 7 It is Figure 4 a top view of the arc-shaped cover plate in

[0060] Figure 8 It is Figure 7 a sectional view taken along the A-A direction in

[0061] Figure 9 It is Figure 8 a partially enlarged schematic diagram at M in

[0062] Figure 10 It is Figure 9 a partially enlarged schematic diagram at N in

[0063] Figure 11 It is Figure 9 a partially enlarged schematic diagram at O in

[0064] Figure 12 It is Figure 6 a top view of the fixing plate in

[0065] Figure 13 It is Figure 12 a sectional view taken along the B-B direction in

[0066] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the specification include: 1, support plate; 2, fixing plate; 3, backing plate; 4, arc-shaped cover plate; 5, curved rod; 201, clamping groove; 202, convex block; 203, plug-in component; 204, self-locking groove; 205, movable groove; 206, self-locking ball; 207, mortise groove; 301, adsorption block; 401, pull ring; 402, pressure layer; 403, adsorption groove; 404, first sliding groove; 405, pull rope; 406, extrusion block; 407, extrusion groove; 408, slider; 409, negative pressure groove; 410, piston rod; 411, first groove; 412, switching block; 413, second sliding groove; 414, second groove; 415, limiting groove; 416, limiting block; 417, first return spring; 418, Tesla valve channel; 419, return cavity; 420, return plate; 421, second return spring. Detailed implementation manners

[0067] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0068] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "vertical", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and defined, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the communication inside two elements. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0070] The following will be further described in detail through specific implementation manners:

[0071] Embodiment 1 is basically as shown in the attached Figures 1 - 13Shown: A negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid, mainly used for fast, effective and stable fixation of fracture patients in medical first aid scenarios, so as to reduce the risk of secondary injury caused by instability of the fracture site before the patient is transferred and subsequently treated. The device mainly includes a long bone fixation mechanism for long bone fracture fixation, a joint fixation mechanism for periarticular fractures and a pelvic fixation mechanism for pelvic fractures.

[0072] The long bone fixing mechanism includes a support plate 1 and a basic fixing assembly, the basic fixing assembly is used to attach and fix the support plate 1 to the outer side of the long bone; the support plate 1 is used to attach to the outer side of the long bone to play a supporting and protective role. In this embodiment, the support plate 1 is an arc-shaped plate with a central angle between 0-90°, for example, an arc-shaped plate with a central angle of 30° or 60°. In this embodiment, there are two support plates 1 in total, and in some other embodiments, multiple support plates 1 can be set, depending on the actual situation.

[0073] Specifically, the basic fixing assembly includes at least one pair of fixing plates 2. In this embodiment, there are two pairs of fixing plates 2, that is, four fixing plates 2. The fixing plates 2 are all provided with a slot 201 and a protrusion 202. Preferably, in combination with the attached Figure 6 As shown, the fixing plate 2 is an arched structure, with a pair of slots 201 on one side of the fixing plate 2 and a pair of protrusions 202 welded and fixed on the other side. When two adjacent fixing plates 2 are attached to each other, the protrusions 202 and the slots 201 on the fixing plate 2 slide with the slots 201 and the protrusions 202 on the other fixing plate 2, respectively, so that the position of the fixing plate 2 can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape of the patient's long bones and the fracture position. In this embodiment, a first locking mechanism for locking the protrusions 202 is provided in the slots 201; in combination with the attached Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of tongues and grooves 207 are provided on opposite sides of the fixing plate 2 . In this embodiment, two groups of tongues and grooves 207 are provided on each fixing plate 2 .

[0074] Specifically, the first locking mechanism includes a movable groove 205 provided on one side of the card slot 201. In some other embodiments, a plurality of movable grooves 205 may be provided, which are circumferentially arranged around the card slot 201. A self-locking ball 206 is slidably fitted in the movable groove 205. The end of the movable groove 205 away from the card slot 201 is connected to a slot, and a plug-in 203 is slidably fitted in the slot. In this embodiment, the plug-in 203 is a rod-shaped structure; a self-locking groove 204 is provided on the protrusion 202; when the plug-in 203 and the self-locking ball 206 are against each other, the self-locking ball 206 and the self-locking groove 204 are fitted.

[0075] The joint fixation mechanism includes several curved rods 5. The basic fixation component is also used to fix the curved rods 5 at the joint at a preset angle. Specifically, when fixing a perijoint fracture, the curved rods 5 are suspended around the injured joint. The two ends of the curved rods 5 are respectively engaged with the mortise grooves 207, and the curved rods 5 are fixed to the healthy limb using the fixing plate 2. In this embodiment, there are multiple groups of curved rods 5 with different inner diameters, and the curved rods 5 with different inner diameters respectively correspond to joints that require different bending angles. The curved rods 5 support in place of the joint during the fixation process, restricting the abnormal movement of the joint and providing a stable environment for the healing of perijoint fractures. Preferably, in this embodiment, the curved rods 5 are made of nitinol alloy, which allows for a small range of flexion angle adjustment.

[0076] The pelvic fixation mechanism includes a backing plate 3 and an arc-shaped cover plate 4, and the backing plate 3 and the arc-shaped cover plate 4 are detachably connected. In this embodiment, the structure of the backing plate 3 conforms to the natural curve of the human pelvis and can closely fit the pelvic shapes of different patients.

[0077] Preferably, as shown in the attached Figure 5 figures, several adsorption blocks 301 are welded and fixed on both sides of the backing plate 3, and the adsorption blocks 301 are linearly arranged on the side wall of the backing plate 3. As shown in the attached Figure 4 figures, several adsorption grooves 403 are arrayed and opened on the inner sides of both ends of the arc-shaped cover plate 4. Each row of adsorption grooves 403 corresponds to patients of different body types. By adjusting the adsorption blocks 301 to fit different adsorption grooves 403, the tightness can be adjusted. An adsorption component is communicated inside the adsorption grooves 403. When the backing plate 3 is connected to the arc-shaped cover plate 4, the adsorption blocks 301 fit with the adsorption grooves 403, and the adsorption component generates a stable negative pressure between the adsorption blocks 301 and the adsorption grooves 403.

[0078] Specifically, as shown in the attached Figure 8 and attached Figure 9 figures, the adsorption component includes a first sliding groove 404; a slider 408 is slidably connected inside the first sliding groove 404, Figure 9 and several negative pressure grooves 409 are communicated at the bottom of the first sliding groove 404. The negative pressure grooves 409 are respectively communicated with the adsorption grooves 403, and piston rods 410 are slidably fitted inside the negative pressure grooves 409. In this embodiment, the piston rods 410 are made of high-performance polyurethane (TPU), which ensures a certain flexibility while also having sufficient strength and wear resistance. At the connection between the piston rods 410 and the negative pressure grooves 409, a well-sealed design (such as an O-ring) is adopted to ensure the stability and accuracy of the negative pressure. One end of each piston rod 410 away from the adsorption groove 403 is adhesively fixed to the slider 408, and a moving mechanism and a second locking mechanism are arranged on the slider 408. The moving mechanism is used to move the slider 408, and the second locking mechanism is used to restrict the movement of the slider 408.

[0079] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes a pulling rope 405. One end of the pulling rope 405 is bound to the slider 408, and the other end of the pulling rope 405 passes through the first chute 404 and extends to the outside. A pull ring 401 is adhesively fixed to the end of the pulling rope 405 away from the slider 408.

[0080] Specifically, as shown in the attached Figure 11 figures, the second locking mechanism includes a first groove 411 opened on one side of the slider 408. A switching block 412 is slidably connected in the first groove 411. A second chute 413 is further opened at the bottom of the first groove 411. The switching block 412 is slidably connected to the second chute 413. The second chute 413 mainly serves to guide and prevent the switching block 412 from detaching from the first groove 411. In this embodiment, the shape of the part of the switching block 412 located in the first groove 411 is a prism, and the cross-section of this part is an isosceles triangle. Figure 11 A second groove 414 is further opened at the upper left side of the first groove 411 in the figures, and the shape of the second groove 414 fits the side surface of the switching block 412.

[0081] As shown in the attached Figure 10 figures, a limiting groove 415 is opened on one side of the first chute 404. A limiting block 416 is slidably connected in the limiting groove 415. A first return spring 417 is adhesively fixed between the limiting block 416 and the inner wall of the limiting groove 415.

[0082] When the slider 408 passes by the limiting block 416, the slider 408 pushes the limiting block 416 back into the limiting groove 415. Subsequently, under the action of the first return spring 417, it inserts into the first groove 411 ( Figure 11 the area between the upper left side wall of the first groove 411 and the upper left side of the switching block 412 in the figures), and the limiting block 416 is engaged with the first groove 411 to resist the negative pressure in the negative pressure groove 409. When the slider 408 continues to move, mutual sliding occurs between the limiting block 416 and the switching block 412. During the movement of the switching block 412, the limiting block 416 is pushed back into the limiting groove 415 until the switching block 412 passes over the limiting block 416. At this time, the limiting block 416 will re-insert into the first groove 411 ( Figure 11 the area between the lower right side wall of the first groove 411 and the lower right side of the switching block 412 in the figures). Then, the pulling rope 405 is released, and the slider 408 will retract under the action of the negative pressure in the negative pressure groove 409. At this time, the limiting block 416 will push the switching block 412 to move along the first groove 411 until the switching block 412 fits with the second groove 414, and the switching block 412 will push the limiting block 416 back into the limiting groove 415 until the slider 408 completely moves away from the limiting block 416.

[0083] Preferably, an anti-misunlocking mechanism is further provided in the limiting groove 415; the anti-misunlocking mechanism includes a reflux cavity 419, the reflux cavity 419 is in communication with the limiting groove 415, a Tesla valve channel 418 is provided on the communication path between the reflux cavity 419 and the limiting groove 415, the fluid flowing from the limiting groove 415 to the reflux cavity 419 is reverse flow, a shear thickening fluid is filled between the limiting groove 415, the Tesla valve channel 418 and the reflux cavity 419; a reflux mechanism is further provided in the reflux cavity 419, and the reflux mechanism includes a reflux plate 420 and a second return spring 421; the reflux plate 420 is slidably matched with the reflux cavity 419, and the second return spring 421 is used to support the reflux plate 420 to reset.

[0084] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0085] When dealing with long bone fractures, first place two support plates 1 on the outside of the patient's long bone. The support plate 1 is an arc plate with a central angle between 0° and 180°. In this embodiment, an arc plate with a central angle of 30° is selected to better fit the shape of the long bone. The main function of the support plate 1 is to provide support and protection for the long bone.

[0086] Then, install a pair of fixing plates 2 at both ends of the support plate 1 for fixation. After aligning the convex blocks 202 with the mortise grooves 207, close the fixing plates 2, and press the plug-ins 203 respectively to move the self-locking balls 206 to fit tightly with the self-locking grooves 204, thereby completing the fixation.

[0087] For fractures around joints, first select two pairs of suitable curved rods 5, and respectively connect the two ends of the two pairs of curved rods 5 with the mortise grooves 207. Then fix the fixing plate 2 to the healthy limb and press the plug-in 203 to complete the fixation. In this embodiment, there are multiple groups of curved rods 5 with different inner diameters, and the curved rods 5 with different inner diameters respectively correspond to joints with different bending angles.

[0088] When dealing with pelvic fractures, first place the cushion plate 3 under the patient's pelvis. The structure of the cushion plate 3 fits the natural curve of the human pelvis and can closely fit the pelvic shapes of different patients. Then, place the arc-shaped cover plate 4 above the pelvis to form an annular structure with the cushion plate 3. Pull the pull ropes 405 on both sides to drive the piston rod 410 to move by the slider 408. Since one row of adsorption grooves 403 coincides with the adsorption block 301 (i.e., the adsorption groove 403 is closed), negative pressure will be generated in the adsorption groove 403 during the movement of the piston rod 410. Until the slider 408 passes the limiting block 416, the limiting block 416 pops into the first groove 411 under the action of the first return spring 417 to complete the fixation of the slider 408. At this time, stop pulling the pull rope 405, thereby fixing the arc-shaped cover plate 4 and the cushion plate 3.

[0089] When it is necessary to release the arc-shaped cover plate 4, just slowly pull the pull rope 405 again and then release it, so that the switching block 412 presses the limiting block 416 back into the limiting groove 415 again, releasing the restriction on the slider 408. At this time, the slider 408 will retreat under the drive of the negative pressure in the negative pressure groove 409 until the negative pressure in the negative pressure groove 409 disappears, and the backing plate 3 and the arc-shaped cover plate 4 are released from fixation.

[0090] During the patient transfer process, when the pull rope 405 is accidentally pulled due to various factors, the instantaneous displacement of the slider 408 generates a shock wave that is transmitted to the limiting block 416. The shear thickening fluid in the limiting groove 415 is squeezed, the local pressure rises suddenly, the shear thickening fluid enters the phase change state, the viscosity rises non-linearly, and a dynamic solid barrier is formed to limit the displacement of the limiting block 416. The Tesla valve channel 418 is a one-way flow structure that allows fluid to pass through relatively easily in the forward direction, but encounters great resistance in the reverse direction. Therefore, when the limiting block 416 is subjected to a sharp increase in pressure, the fluidity of the shear thickening fluid drops significantly, and at the same time, the Tesla valve channel 418 hinders the reverse flow of the fluid. The two work together to further limit the displacement of the limiting block 416, thus effectively preventing accidental unlocking caused by accidental traction and ensuring the stability of the fixing device.

[0091] This anti-misunlocking mechanism forms a dynamic rigid barrier in a short time through a dual insurance mechanism of fluid intelligent response + geometric flow limiting. Compared with the traditional mechanical lock structure, its anti-impact ability is improved, and at the same time, the normal unlocking operating force is maintained, perfectly balancing the requirements of safety and ease of use.

[0092] Embodiment 2

[0093] The difference from the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 is only that pressure layers 402 are adhesively fixed inside both the arc-shaped cover plate 4 and the backing plate 3. A number of extrusion grooves 407 are arranged in an array inside the pressure layers 402. Extrusion blocks 406 are slidably connected inside the extrusion grooves 407, and pressure sensors are arranged on the extrusion blocks 406. Specifically, the pressure sensors adopt MEMS piezoresistive sensors, with 4 integrated per square centimeter, and the pressure sensors form a distributed array; adjacent extrusion grooves 407 communicate with each other, and a micro-valve is arranged on the communication path of the extrusion grooves 407. It also includes a pump assembly and a control unit. The pump assembly is used to adjust the air pressure in each extrusion groove 407. Specifically, the pump assembly includes a plurality of bidirectional micro air pumps that can generate positive pressure and negative pressure. Each row of extrusion grooves 407 communicates with the same conduit channel, and each micro-valve is used to control the on-off of the extrusion groove 407 and the current conduit channel. The control unit is used to judge the pressure situation of the patient based on the information of the pressure sensors and control the operation of the pump assembly.

[0094] Preferably, it further includes an interactive screen (not shown in the figure). The interactive screen is used to obtain the information input by the user, and the control unit also controls the operation of each micro-valve and micro-air pump based on the information input by the user.

[0095] Specific implementation process:

[0096] When fixing a pelvic fracture of a patient, the control unit automatically marks the pressure abnormal areas (larger or lower) by obtaining the pressure topology of the pelvic contact surface scanned by each pressure sensor. For the low-pressure area, the control unit controls the micro-air pump and micro-valve in this area to open, and injects air into the extrusion groove 407 in this area. For the high-pressure area, the control unit controls the micro-valve in this area to open, and controls the micro-air pump to extract the air in the extrusion groove 407 in this area.

[0097] When the fracture type of the patient is a lateral compression fracture, that is, the pelvic fracture end is displaced into the body due to the violence from the side of the body. At this time, the medical staff input the area where the pressure needs to be cancelled through the interactive screen, for example, cancel the pressure on the 4*4 area of the left iliac wing to avoid squeezing the inner side of this area.

[0098] The control unit fine-tunes the air pressure distribution every 5 seconds to cope with the pressure offset caused by the body position change.

[0099] If a single-point pressure mutation > 30% is detected, the safety pressure relief program is immediately started.

[0100] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention. Specific structures and / or common knowledge such as characteristics well known in the art are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can also be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application should be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid, comprising a long bone fixation mechanism for long bone fracture fixation, a joint fixation mechanism for periarticular fractures and a pelvic fixation mechanism for pelvic fractures; characterized in that: The long bone fixing mechanism comprises a support plate (1) and a basic fixing component, wherein the basic fixing component is used to attach and fix the support plate (1) to the outer side of the long bone; The joint fixing mechanism comprises a plurality of curved rods (5), and the basic fixing assembly is also used to fix the curved rods (5) at the joint at a preset angle; The pelvic fixing mechanism comprises a backing plate (3) and an arc-shaped cover plate (4), and the backing plate (3) and the arc-shaped cover plate (4) are detachably connected.

2. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic fixing assembly comprises at least one pair of fixing plates (2); each fixing plate (2) is provided with a clamping groove (201) and a protrusion (202); when two adjacent fixing plates (2) are attached to each other, the protrusion (202) slides with the other's clamping groove (201); each clamping groove (201) is provided with a first locking mechanism for locking the protrusion (202); each fixing plate (2) is provided with a plurality of tenons (207); when periarticular fracture fixation is performed, the two ends of the curved rod (5) are respectively engaged with the tenons (207).

3. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first locking mechanism comprises a movable groove (205) provided on one side of the card slot (201), a self-locking ball (206) slidably fitted in the movable groove (205), an end of the movable groove (205) away from the card slot (201) is connected to a slot, a plug-in unit (203) slidably fitted in the slot; a self-locking groove (204) is provided on the protrusion (202); when the plug-in unit (203) and the self-locking ball (206) are in contact with each other, the self-locking ball (206) and the self-locking groove (204) are fitted together.

4. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of adsorption blocks (301) are arranged on both sides of the backing plate (3); a plurality of adsorption grooves (403) are arranged on the inner sides of both ends of the arc-shaped cover plate (4); an adsorption assembly is connected inside the adsorption grooves (403); when the backing plate (3) and the arc-shaped cover plate (4) are connected, the adsorption blocks (301) and the adsorption grooves (403) are matched.

5. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adsorption component includes a first slide groove (404); a slider (408) is slidably connected in the first slide groove (404); the first slide groove (404) is connected to a plurality of negative pressure grooves (409); the negative pressure grooves (409) are respectively connected to the adsorption grooves (403); piston rods (410) are slidably matched in the negative pressure grooves (409); the ends of the piston rods (410) away from the adsorption grooves (403) are fixedly connected to the slider (408); a moving mechanism and a second locking mechanism are arranged on the slider (408); the moving mechanism is used to move the slider (408); and the second locking mechanism is used to limit the movement of the slider (408).

6. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 5, characterized in that: The moving mechanism comprises a pull rope (405), one end of which is fixedly connected to the slider (408), the other end of which passes through the first slide groove (404) and extends to the outside, and a pull ring (401) is provided at one end of the pull rope (405) away from the slider (408).

7. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second locking mechanism comprises a first groove (411) formed on one side of the slider (408), wherein a switching block (412) is slidably connected in the first groove (411); A limiting groove (415) is provided on one side of the first sliding groove (404), a limiting block (416) is slidably connected in the limiting groove (415), and a first return spring (417) is provided between the limiting block (416) and the inner wall of the limiting groove (415); When the slider (408) passes through the limit block (416), the limit block (416) engages with the first groove (411); when the slider (408) continues to move, the limit block (416) and the switching block (412) slide against each other.

8. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 7, characterized in that: An anti-misunderstanding locking mechanism is also provided in the limiting groove (415); the anti-misunderstanding locking mechanism comprises a reflux chamber (419); the reflux chamber (419) and the limiting groove (415) are communicated with each other; a Tesla valve channel (418) is provided on the communication path between the reflux chamber (419) and the limiting groove (415); the fluid flows from the limiting groove (415) to the reflux chamber (419) in a reverse direction; the limiting groove (415), the Tesla valve channel (418) and the reflux chamber (419) are filled with a shear thickening fluid; a reflux mechanism is also provided in the reflux chamber (419); the reflux mechanism is used to guide the shear thickening fluid back to the limiting groove (415).

9. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 8, characterized in that: The reflux mechanism comprises a reflux plate (420) and a second reset spring (421); the reflux plate (420) is slidably matched with the reflux chamber (419), and the second reset spring (421) is used to support the reflux plate (420) to reset.

10. The negative pressure fracture fixation device for emergency first aid according to claim 9, characterized in that: A pressure layer (402) is provided in both the arc-shaped cover plate (4) and the backing plate (3); a plurality of extrusion grooves (407) are arranged in an array in the pressure layer (402); an extrusion block (406) is slidably connected in each of the extrusion grooves (407); and a pressure sensor is provided on each of the extrusion blocks (406); adjacent extrusion grooves (407) are interconnected, and micro valves are provided on the communication paths of the extrusion grooves (407); a pump assembly and a control unit are also included, wherein the pump assembly is used to adjust the air pressure in each of the extrusion grooves (407); and the control unit is used to determine the pressure condition of the patient based on information from the pressure sensor and to control the operation of the pump assembly.

Images