Device suitable for mechanically collecting paddy field straw and weed seeds and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a device suitable for mechanically collecting paddy field straw and weed seeds and application of the device. The bottom plate can be detached and combined, the metal rod is located at the front end of the bottom plate, the hinge is installed on the metal rod and used for being connected with an unmanned ship or an unmanned aerial vehicle for directional traction, the brush array is detachably installed on the bottom plate, the blocking net is detachably installed on the bottom plate, the hole diameters of the blocking net are arranged from large to small, and the back face of the bottom plate is smooth so that the bottom plate can move in the field. The front face of the device is rough, the device is suitable for assembling metal rods, brush arrays, blocking nets and other structures, the device is connected with a traction device through a hinge to conduct directional translation in a paddy field, and straw and weed seeds are filtered and intercepted in the device through the brush arrays and the blocking nets. The device is low in cost, easy and convenient to use, capable of being connected with different types of power machines to be used for rapidly and mechanically collecting paddy field straw and weed seeds, directly breaking the manpower cost and efficiency limitation of manual salvage, greatly reducing the dosage of herbicides, protecting the quality of paddy field agricultural products and the safety of the ecological environment, and wide in application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a device suitable for mechanized collection of paddy straw and weed seeds and its application. Background Art

[0002] Chemical herbicides are the most widely used type of chemical pesticides. On the other hand, the damage caused by weeds in crop fields directly threatens food security. A large number of studies have shown that the previous crop straw floating in paddy fields often contains a large number of weed seeds and is not conducive to mechanized crop planting. Therefore, by fishing for paddy straw and weed seeds, the emergence base of weeds during the planting of current-season and subsequent-season crops in paddy fields can be significantly reduced, thereby creating a good foundation for subsequent weed control measures; for conventional paddy fields, by fishing for paddy straw and weed seeds, the chemical herbicide dosage in the current-season paddy field can be reduced by 40% - 60%, and the emergence base of weeds in the subsequent-season crop fields of rice can be significantly reduced, thereby reducing the chemical herbicide dosage. In some paddy fields with organic cultivation, it is even more important to significantly reduce the emergence base of weeds by fishing for straw and weed seeds for successful weed control.

[0003] Up to now, the fishing for weed seeds in the literature mainly relies on manual operation with a net bag, which is difficult to be widely promoted in large-scale production for the following reasons: 1) Shortage of human resources and high cost. It is already difficult for people to walk in paddy fields. The weight of the net bag and its contents during the process of manually fishing out straw and weed seeds significantly increases the labor intensity and also increases the risk of work-related injuries for hired workers. The income from rice planting is not high, so paddy field farmers usually do not want to bear the human resource cost of hiring a large number of workers to fish for straw and weed seeds. Especially during the tight cropping season of the rice planting season, there is a large amount of labor required for various farming operations, and it is difficult to hire workers; 2) Low efficiency. The efficiency of manually fishing for straw and weed seeds with a net bag is restricted by the walking speed of the person holding the net bag and its contents in the field, and is also restricted by the capacity of the net bag. Considering the limited load-bearing capacity of human beings, the efficiency bottleneck always limits the popularization and application of the weed reduction technology by fishing; 3) It is difficult to guarantee the fishing effect. The working width of the net bag used in manual fishing is limited, and it is difficult to effectively cover the entire field during operation. Moreover, affected by various personal factors, the operation quality varies greatly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: The present invention provides a device suitable for mechanized collection of paddy straw and weed seeds and its application. By connecting different types of power machinery, it is used for rapid mechanized collection of paddy straw and weed seeds, breaking through the limitations of human cost and efficiency in manual fishing, and significantly reducing the herbicide dosage.

[0005] Technical solution: An apparatus for mechanically collecting paddy straw and weed seeds proposed by the present invention includes a bottom plate, a brush array installed on the bottom plate, a metal rod located at the front end of the bottom plate, and a hinge located on the metal rod; the brush array includes a hard brush array and a soft brush array, fences are installed on both sides and the rear side of the bottom plate, and a second barrier net and a third barrier net are provided inside the fences to divide the inside of the fences into three areas; a number of small holes are provided on the fences, the second barrier net and the third barrier net, and the third barrier net is located between the second barrier net and the metal rod; the hard brush array is located in the area between the third barrier net and the metal rod; the soft brush array is divided into two groups, one group is located in the area between the second barrier net and the third barrier net, and the other group is located in the area between the second barrier net and the fences on both sides and the rear side of the bottom plate.

[0006] Preferably, the aperture diameters of the small holes on the fences, the second barrier net and the third barrier net gradually increase, and the fences, the second barrier net and the third barrier net are of the same height.

[0007] Preferably, the hard brush array is arranged in rows and columns, and gradually increases row by row from the front of the bottom plate to the rear, and the last row is of the same height as the fence.

[0008] Preferably, the height of the soft brush array is half of the height of the fence.

[0009] Preferably, the side of the metal rod facing the water flow is gradually flattened downwards, and the side facing away from the water flow is circular and flush with the upper surface of the bottom plate.

[0010] Preferably, the surface of the bottom plate on which the barrier net and the brush array are installed is rough, and the other surface is smooth. The shape of the bottom plate is flat, and the material is plastic.

[0011] Preferably, the assembly density of the soft brush array is greater than that of the hard brush array.

[0012] Preferably, the hinge is used for externally connecting an unmanned boat, an unmanned aerial vehicle or a tractor for directional traction.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The apparatus proposed by the present invention has low cost and is easy to use. It can be connected to different types of power machinery for quickly and mechanically collecting paddy straw and weed seeds, directly breaking through the limitations of the labor cost and efficiency of manual salvage, greatly reducing the dosage of herbicides, protecting the quality of paddy field agricultural products and the safety of the ecological environment, and has a wide application prospect. Description of the drawings

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall apparatus of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional schematic diagram of the metal rod of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a single row of brushes of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the netting of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] As Figure 1 As shown, a device suitable for mechanized collection of paddy straw and weed seeds includes a detachable and combinable bottom plate 1, a metal rod 2 installed at the front end of the bottom plate, a hinge 3 installed on the metal rod for connecting an unmanned boat or an unmanned aerial vehicle for directional traction, a brush array 4 detachably installed on the bottom plate, and a netting 5 with apertures arranged from large to small detachably installed on the bottom plate. The back of the bottom plate 1 is smooth for moving in the field, and the front is rough and suitable for assembling the metal rod 2, the brush array 4, and the netting 5.

[0019] Before use, assemble the device according to the floating amount of straw in the field, the diameter of weed seeds in the field, the depth of the water layer in the field, etc. First, install the brush array 4 on the bottom plate 1, with the direction towards the metal rod being the front of the bottom plate and the other direction being the back of the bottom plate; install the hard brush array 41 at the position between the metal rod 2 and the first layer of netting, with the shorter hard brushes facing the metal rod, and then install the soft brush array 42 between the netting; then install the netting 5 between the brush arrays. The third netting 53 with the largest aperture is installed behind the highest row of brushes of the hard brush array 41, and the second netting 52 with gradually decreasing apertures is installed towards the back of the bottom plate; assemble the first netting 51 with the smallest aperture on the upper three sides of the bottom plate 1 to form a three-sided enclosure; after the device is installed, connect an unmanned boat, an unmanned aerial vehicle or a tractor through the hinge 3 to perform directional translation in the paddy field. Straw, weed seeds, etc. floating on the soil surface and in the water of the paddy field enter the device along with the water flow through the metal rod 2. The side 21 of the metal rod facing the water flow is gradually flattened downwards, while the side 22 facing away from the water flow is circular and flush with the upper surface of the bottom plate 1; after the water flow with straw and weed seeds and other substances enters the device, the straw and weed seeds are filtered and intercepted in the device through multiple layers of brush arrays 4 and netting 5; the hard brush array 41 gradually increases in height from the front of the bottom plate to the back, and the last row is as high as the netting to prevent straw from accumulating and blocking the netting; the height of the soft brush array 42 can be set to half to equal to the height of the netting. The soft brush array 42 is assembled densely and the brush material is softer to facilitate layered adsorption and interception of weed seeds.

[0020] Example 1: Test on collecting straw and weed seeds using this device before transplanting after land preparation in a paddy field

[0021] In order to study the practicability of the device suitable for mechanized collection of paddy straw and weed seeds of the present invention, a series of large-area tests were carried out in the paddy field of the test base.

[0022] 1.1 Basic information of the test:

[0023] The rice variety is Nanjing 9108, transplanted by machine. The previous crop is wheat, and the wheat straw is crushed and returned to the field in full amount during wheat harvesting. The overall damage of weeds in the wheat field is relatively light, mainly including Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. and Alopecurus japonicus Steud. When the experiment was carried out, the rice field had just completed deep plowing and land leveling and was ready for machine transplanting of rice seedlings. The rice seedlings were strong seedlings at the appropriate stage for pot-seedling raising; the main weeds in the previous rice field were Echinochloa spp. and Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, the broad-leaved weeds were mainly Ammannia spp., and the sedges were mainly Cyperus difformis L. The bottom plate 1 of the device sample for the experiment had the following specifications: width 1 m × length 3 m, and the apertures of the five retaining nets were 10 mm, 3 mm, and 1 mm respectively; the area from the front end of the bottom plate 1 to the third retaining net (aperture 10 mm) was 1 m × 2.4 m = 2.4 ㎡; the area of the retaining net between the apertures of 10 mm and 3 mm was 1 m × 0.5 m = 0.5 ㎡; the area between the last two retaining nets was 1 m × 0.1 m = 0.1 ㎡; during the experiment, the device was connected to a DJI T20 plant protection drone through a thick rope, and the drone was used to fly and tow it to move in the field. Weather conditions during the experiment: cloudy, east wind level 2 - 3, maximum temperature 32 °C, minimum temperature 23 °C.

[0024] 1.2 Experimental design:

[0025] The operating flight height of the plant protection drone is 1 m, and the flight speeds are set at five gradients of 1 m / s, 2 m / s, 3 m / s, 4 m / s, and 5 m / s; each time the drone towed the device to make a round trip in the field, and the treatment area for one experiment was 2 m × 50 m = 100 ㎡. Taking manual net fishing as a comparison, the mouth of the manual fishing net was designed in a triangle shape with a side length of 50 cm and an aperture of 1 mm, and the length of the net pocket was 1.5 m. The treatment area for one experiment was 2 m × 50 m = 100 ㎡. A blank treatment control was set; each treatment was repeated 4 times. Each treatment method is shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1 Large plot settings in the experimental rice field

[0027]

[0028] 1.3 Data collection:

[0029] 1.3.1: Quantity of straw and weed seeds fished out: After the experiment, for each large plot, remove sundries such as soil and stones, and leaves from the collected materials, drain the dripping water, and then weigh the wet weight of the straw and the weed seeds wrapped in it on-site. Randomly select 5% of the total weight of the straw and weed seed mixture as the sampling sample to count the number of weed seeds. Repeat 3 sampling samples for each large plot (i.e., a total of 15% of the total amount of the straw and weed seed mixture is sampled). For each sampling sample, remove the straw, and sort and collect the weed seeds in each sampling sample through nested sieves (with pore sizes of 5 mm, 2 mm, and 0.5 mm respectively). Count the different types of weed seeds separately, and then for the 3 samples in the same large plot; calculate the number of various weed seeds obtained from each sampling sample detection, and convert it according to the field net fishing operation area, unified to the unit: grains / ㎡.

[0030] 1.3.2: Number of emerged weeds in the field after operation treatment: After transplanting rice by a transplanter, divide each large plot into two sub-plots of 40 m and 10 m (with areas of 80㎡ and 20㎡ respectively) by setting a water-blocking baffle. Among them, for the 80㎡ sub-plot (Plot A), conduct soil treatment and apply pesticides 5 days after transplanting. Apply pesticides with a manual electrostatic sprayer, and the spraying volume is 30 L / acre; for the 20㎡ sub-plot (Plot B), do not use herbicides. For soil treatment, use 19% flucetosulfuron suspension (Bayer CropScience AG) at 12 ml / acre + 69% bensulfuron-methyl·mefenacet water dispersible granule (Jiangsu KuaiDa Agrochemical Co., Ltd.) at 80 g / acre + 35% halosulfuron-methyl water dispersible granule (Jiangsu Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Hormones Co., Ltd.) at 8.6 g / acre. 30 days after soil treatment and pesticide application, take 3 sample frames of 0.25㎡ in each sub-plot according to the diagonal method to count the number of plants of each type of weed. To exclude the influence of boundary factors, do not sample within 0.3 m of the long side and within 1 m of the short side in each sub-plot.

[0031] 1.4 Data statistical analysis

[0032] Taking the B sub-plot without using herbicides in the control large plot CK as a reference, calculate the control effect of the number of weed plants.

[0033] Plant control effect = (Number of weed plants in CKB plot - Number of weed plants in the treatment plot) ÷ Number of weed plants in CKB plot × 100%

[0034] Use the Duncan's new multiple range (DMRT) method to conduct statistical analysis on the experimental data and compare the differences between different treatment groups. The data display format is mean ± standard error.

[0035] 1.3.3: Influence of each treatment on rice yield: Before harvesting at the rice maturity stage, set 3 sample frames of 1㎡ in each sub-plot according to the diagonal method to measure the actual yield of rice. After measuring the moisture content of the rice samples, determine the yield per mu according to the standard moisture content of 14.5%.

[0036] 1.4 Test results:

[0037] Table 2 Comparison of operation efficiency and effect of different operation methods for removing straw and weed seeds

[0038]

[0039] As can be seen from Table 2, the efficiency of the device towed by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to remove straw and weed seeds by translating in the field has been greatly improved. When the device runs in the field at the speeds of 1 m / s and 2 m / s by the flight of the UAV, the operation efficiency is 5 times and 10 times that of manual net fishing, and the total amount of straw and weed seeds removed is also higher than that of manual net fishing. As the running speed of the device increases, the operation efficiency is further greatly improved. However, the total amount of straw and weed seeds removed tends to decrease. Especially when the running speed is increased to 4 m / s and 5 m / s, the total amount of straw and weed seeds obtained is reduced to 78% and 52% of that of manual net fishing, and the efficiency is increased by 20.4 times and 25.8 times. Therefore, generally speaking, when the running speed of the device is 2 m / s, on the basis of ensuring the amount of straw and weed seeds removed, the operation efficiency is more than 10 times higher than that of manual net fishing; when the running speed is 4 m / s, on the basis of keeping a relatively high level of the amount of straw and weed seeds removed, the operation efficiency is more than 20 times higher than that of manual net fishing.

[0040] Table 3 Number of weed seeds removed from paddy fields by different operation methods

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] As can be seen from Table 3, manual net fishing can remove a large number of weed seeds, especially for weeds of the genus Ammannia, Leptochloa chinensis, Cyperus difformis and Echinochloa. The number of various weed seeds removed by the device through the flight of the UAV at the running speeds of 1 - 3 m / s in the field is higher than that of manual net fishing; the number of various weed seeds removed at 4 m / s is slightly less than that of manual net fishing, and the number of various weed seeds removed at 5 m / s is significantly the least.

[0044] As can be seen from Table 4, manual net fishing removes a large number of weed seeds and significantly reduces the emergence base of weeds in paddy fields, creating an efficient basis for subsequent weed control measures in paddy fields. After the device operates through the flight of the UAV at the running speeds of 1 - 2 m / s in the field, the emergence of various weeds in the paddy fields is significantly less than that of the manual net fishing treatment; after the operation at 3 m / s, there is no significant difference in the emergence of various weeds in the paddy fields compared with the manual net fishing treatment; after the operation at 5 m / s, the emergence of various weeds in the paddy fields is significantly more than that of the manual net fishing treatment.

[0045] Table 4 Number of main weed seedlings in paddy fields 27 days after different operation methods

[0046]

[0047] Table 5 Control efficacy of major paddy weeds 30 days after additional soil treatment application under different operation methods

[0048]

[0049] As can be seen from Table 5, the artificial net fishing operation significantly reduces the emergence base of weeds in paddy fields. After additional application of highly effective soil treatment agents, the control efficacy against Echinochloa weeds, Leptochloa chinensis, Ammannia weeds, and Cyperus difformis all reaches 100%. After the device operates at a speed of 1 - 4 m / s in the field by drone flight and then additional application of highly effective soil treatment agents, the control efficacy against Echinochloa weeds, Leptochloa chinensis, Ammannia weeds, and Cyperus difformis also all reaches 100%. After the device operates at a speed of 5 m / s in the field and then additional application of highly effective soil treatment agents, the control efficacy against Echinochloa weeds, Leptochloa chinensis, Ammannia weeds, and Cyperus difformis is also significantly higher than that of CK.

[0050] As can be seen from Table 6, the operation of removing straw and weed seeds significantly reduces the harm of weeds in paddy fields. Without additional application of herbicides, the rice yields in all cases are significantly higher than those in the control plot (Plot B of CK group). Therefore, it is suitable for organic cultivation paddy fields and other paddy fields where herbicides are prohibited. After the operation of removing straw and weed seeds and then additional soil treatment application, the rice yields in each treatment plot are also significantly higher than the control (Plot A of CK group). In addition, during the artificial net fishing process, more footprint pits are left when walking in the field after land preparation, which has a certain negative impact on the survival and growth of machine-transplanted rice seedlings. Therefore, compared with the device of the present invention towed by a drone to remove straw and weed seeds, the yield is slightly lower.

[0051] Table 6 Rice yields of different experimental treatment groups

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] To sum up, using the field water layer conditions to fish out straw and weed seeds before transplanting after land preparation in paddy fields can significantly reduce the emergence base of weeds and alleviate the occurrence of grass damage; after fishing out straw and weed seeds and then cooperating with the application of highly effective and safe soil treatment agents, the weed damage can be reduced to the lowest level. In organic cultivation paddy fields and other paddy fields where herbicides are prohibited, when using the device of the present invention to operate at a speed of 1 - 2 m / s in the field and translate compared with artificial net fishing, the rice yield can be significantly increased, and the operation efficiency is increased by 5 - 10 times; in paddy fields where herbicides can be used, when using the device of the present invention to operate at a speed of 1 - 4 m / s in the field and translate compared with artificial net fishing, the yield is slightly higher or slightly lower but there is no significant difference, and the operation efficiency is increased by 5 - 20 times.

Claims

1. A device suitable for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bottom plate (1), a brush array (4) detachably mounted on the bottom plate (1), a plurality of blocking nets (5) detachably mounted on the bottom plate, a metal rod (2) located at the front end of the bottom plate (1), and a hinge (3) located on the metal rod (2); the blocking net is provided with a plurality of small holes, the brush array (4) comprises a hard brush array (41) and a soft brush array (42), the blocking net (5) comprises a first blocking net (51), a second blocking net (52) and a third blocking net (53), the first blocking net (51) ... The second blocking net (52) and the third blocking net (53) are located on the bottom plate (1) between the metal rod (2) and the first blocking net (51) at the rear end, on the upper and lower sides and the rear end of the bottom plate; the hard brush array (41) is arranged between the second blocking net (52) and the metal rod (2), the soft brush array (42) is arranged between the second blocking net (52) and the third blocking net (53), and the soft brush array (42) is arranged between the third blocking net (53) and the first blocking net (51) located at the rear end of the bottom plate (1).

2. The device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The apertures of the small holes on the first blocking net (51), the second blocking net (52) and the third blocking net (53) gradually increase.

3. The device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bristle brush array (41) gradually increases in height from the front to the back of the base plate (1), and the last row is at the same height as the barrier net (5).

4. The device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the soft brush array (42) is half the height of the blocking net (5).

5. The device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side (21) of the metal rod (2) facing the water flow is gradually flattened downward, and the side (22) facing away from the water flow is rounded and flush with the top of the bottom plate (1).

6. The device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (1) has a rough front surface and a smooth back surface. The bottom plate (1) is in the shape of, preferably, a plane and is made of plastic.

7. The device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly density of the soft brush array (42) is greater than that of the hard brush array (41).

8. The device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hinge is used for externally connecting an unmanned boat, a drone or a tractor for directional traction.

9. Use of the device for mechanized collection of paddy field straw and weed seeds according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in farmland weeding.

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