Perovskite solar cells doped with pyridinium compounds and preparation methods thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell doped with pyridinium compounds and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite layer of the cell comprises Pb doped therein. 2+ and pyridinium compounds, pyridinium compounds and Pb 2+ The molar ratio is 1:500 to 3:250. By doping pyridinium compounds and Pb 2+ Perovskite solar cells establish a four-dimensional synergistic mechanism for defect passivation, UV protection, energy conversion optimization, and environmental protection. The M molecule not only addresses the key issue of perovskite materials being susceptible to UV damage and surface defects, but also provides a new solution for improving the overall performance of solar cells by increasing light utilization and environmental tolerance. The method for preparing M-doped perovskite solar cells provided by the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and conducive to large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells have shown great application potential in the photovoltaic field due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and low-cost solution processing characteristics. However, their actual application still faces many stability issues, mainly in terms of environmental stability and thermal stability. In terms of environmental stability, perovskite materials are extremely sensitive to water vapor and are prone to irreversible crystal structure degradation in humid environments, resulting in device performance degradation. Although their moisture resistance can be improved to a certain extent by optimizing material components and adopting advanced packaging technologies, there is still room for further improvement. Perovskite materials are prone to phase separation and ion migration when the temperature changes, resulting in insufficient thermal stability. The use of mixed component design and interface engineering strategies can help to suppress thermally induced structural damage, thereby improving the stability of the device in high-temperature environments.

[0003] The sensitivity of perovskite materials to ultraviolet light is also a key factor limiting their long-term stability. UV exposure often triggers interfacial photocatalytic reactions, accelerating material decomposition and leading to decreased device performance. Developing UV-stable interfacial layers or replacing photosensitive transmission materials are effective approaches to alleviate this problem. Furthermore, perovskite materials have a low quantum yield for ultraviolet light, resulting in inefficient utilization, further limiting the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the battery. Therefore, improving the perovskite material's ability to absorb and utilize UV light is a key approach to improving overall battery performance.

[0004] Interface defects are the primary cause of non-radiative carrier recombination, significantly reducing cell efficiency and accelerating device aging. Defect passivation techniques and energy-level matching optimization can effectively reduce interface defect density and improve the long-term stability of devices. Current research is working to address these issues through a multi-dimensional strategy that synergistically regulates materials, interfaces, and device structures, ultimately advancing perovskite solar cells from laboratory research to industrial applications.

[0005] In summary, although perovskite solar cells have shown significant advantages in photoelectric conversion efficiency and cost control, they still have the following problems that need to be solved: 1. Defects at the perovskite grain boundaries limit the battery performance; 2. Ultraviolet light causes poor battery stability; 3. Perovskite solar cells have low utilization rate of ultraviolet light, resulting in the inability to effectively convert ultraviolet light into electrical energy, causing a spectral response trough and limiting the upper limit of photoelectric conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, the first object of the present invention is to provide a perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound; the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound.

[0007] In order to achieve the first purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound comprises a perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer comprises Pb doped therein 2+ and pyridinium compounds;

[0009] Among them, pyridinium compounds and Pb 2+ The molar ratio is 1:500 to 3:250;

[0010] The molecular structural formula of the pyridinium compound is shown below:

[0011] .

[0012] Pyridinium compounds (hereinafter referred to as M) are one of the doping compounds of the perovskite layer of perovskite solar cells. They mainly play the following roles:

[0013] 1. The M molecule achieves multifunctional synergistic regulation of the perovskite layer through its bipolar terminal structure. The halogen elements contained in its molecular structure can react with the under-coordinated Pb² on the perovskite surface. + It forms stable coordination bonds, effectively compensates for halogen vacancy defects, and significantly reduces the probability of photogenerated carriers recombination on the surface, thereby improving device efficiency.

[0014] Second, the M molecule has strong absorption properties in the ultraviolet band, creating a light-protective barrier that effectively inhibits the degradation of perovskite components caused by ultraviolet radiation. This UV protection mechanism not only protects the perovskite material from UV damage but also passivates defects through intermolecular conformational transformation, further optimizing the stability of the perovskite layer.

[0015] Third, the high fluorescence quantum yield of the M molecule enables it to exhibit excellent emission characteristics in the visible light region, efficiently converting absorbed UV light into visible light output. This not only enhances the perovskite layer's response in the short-wavelength region but also further improves the cell's photoelectric conversion efficiency through optimized energy conversion. This dual light management mechanism achieves synergistic benefits of UV protection and light energy utilization.

[0016] Fourth, based on the hydrophobic properties of organic cations, M molecules form a dynamic protective layer on the surface of the perovskite layer, effectively blocking water penetration and suppressing ion migration driven by thermal defects. This property significantly enhances the perovskite layer's tolerance in actual operating environments, slowing down performance degradation caused by environmental factors. By suppressing ion migration and reducing surface defect density, the long-term stability of the solar cell is doubly guaranteed.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention doped M and Pb 2+ A four-dimensional synergistic mechanism has been established: defect passivation, UV protection, energy conversion optimization, and environmental protection. The M molecule not only addresses the key issues of perovskite materials' susceptibility to UV damage and surface defects, but also provides a new solution for improving the overall performance of solar cells by enhancing light utilization and environmental tolerance.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a substrate, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer, and the substrate, the electron transport layer, the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer and the metal electrode layer are arranged vertically in sequence from bottom to top.

[0019] Furthermore, the substrate is selected from fluorine-doped tin oxide glass materials.

[0020] Furthermore, the electron transport layer is selected from titanium dioxide materials.

[0021] Furthermore, an interface modification layer is provided on the electron transport layer, the interface modification layer is selected from lithium fluoride materials, and the thickness of the interface modification layer is 0.3 to 0.8 nm.

[0022] Furthermore, the hole transport layer is selected from 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) material or poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl, P3HT) material.

[0023] Furthermore, the metal in the metal electrode layer is selected from any one of Au, Ag and Cu.

[0024] In order to achieve the second purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0025] A method for preparing an M-doped perovskite solar cell, for preparing any of the above-mentioned M-doped perovskite solar cells, comprises the following steps:

[0026] S100, preparing an electron transport layer on a substrate;

[0027] S200, adding formamidinium iodine (FAI), methylammonium bromide (MABr), cesium iodide (CsI) and lead iodide (PbI2) into an organic solvent for dissolution to obtain a perovskite precursor solution I, adding M, stirring evenly to obtain a perovskite precursor solution II, and spin-coating the perovskite precursor solution II onto the electron transport layer by a gradient spin coating method to obtain a perovskite layer;

[0028] S300, preparing a hole transport layer on the perovskite layer;

[0029] S400, depositing metal on the hole transport layer to obtain a metal electrode layer.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S200 , the organic solvent is selected from dimethylformamide (DMF) and / or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

[0031] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0032] The M-doped perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention compensates for defect sites and inhibits ion migration by adding M molecules containing halogen elements and polar terminal substitutions as organic cationic passivators to the perovskite layer, and promotes the transmission of photogenerated carriers at the perovskite grain boundaries by means of the conjugated ion configuration of the passivator itself.

[0033] The M molecule has the characteristics of absorbing ultraviolet light and emitting visible light fluorescence, providing ultraviolet protection for the battery and enhancing the utilization rate of the ultraviolet light region of the perovskite solar cell.

[0034] By using M molecules to modify the grain boundaries of the perovskite layer, water molecules can be effectively prevented from entering the perovskite grain boundaries, inhibiting the damage of thermal stress to the perovskite layer, thereby significantly reducing the performance loss in the actual working environment and further improving the stability of perovskite solar cells during operation.

[0035] The method for preparing the M-doped perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention has a simple process, is easy to operate, and is conducive to large-scale production.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell doped with pyridinium compounds provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2This is the ¹H NMR spectrum of the pyridinium compound provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Reference numerals:

[0040] 100, substrate; 200, electron transport layer; 201, interface modification layer; 300, perovskite layer; 400, hole transport layer; 500, metal electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the M-doped perovskite solar cell includes a substrate 100, an electron transport layer 200, a perovskite layer 300, a hole transport layer 400 and a metal electrode layer 500 arranged in sequence from bottom to top;

[0043] The perovskite layer includes Pb 2+ and M, Pb 2+ and M are doped into the perovskite layer;

[0044] M and Pb 2+ The molar ratio is 1:500 to 3:250;

[0045] The molecular structure of M is shown below:

[0046] .

[0047] According to a specific embodiment provided by the present invention, an interface modification layer 201 is provided on the electron transport layer 200. The interface modification layer 201 is selected from lithium fluoride materials and has a thickness of 0.3 to 0.8 nm.

[0048] A method for preparing an M-doped perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0049] S100, preparing an electron transport layer on a substrate;

[0050] S200, after adding FAI, MABr, CsI and PbI2 into an organic solvent to dissolve to obtain a perovskite precursor solution I, M is then added and stirred to dissolve to obtain a perovskite precursor solution II, and the perovskite precursor solution II is spin-coated on the electron transport layer by a gradient spin coating method to obtain a perovskite layer;

[0051] Wherein, the solubility of lead iodide in the perovskite precursor solution I is 1 to 1.7 mol / L;

[0052] S300, preparing a hole transport layer on the perovskite layer;

[0053] S400, depositing metal on the hole transport layer to obtain a metal electrode layer.

[0054] In the following examples, the experimental methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Preparation of M , the process is as follows:

[0057] Under argon atmosphere, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (200 mg, 1.9 mmol) and dithioethane (50 mg, 0.4 mmol) were added to DMF (8 ml) in sequence, stirred and dissolved, heated to 140 ° C and refluxed for 5 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filter cake was rinsed with deionized water 4 times and dried to obtain intermediate Ⅰ .

[0058] Under argon atmosphere, intermediate I (200 mg, 0.7 mmol) was added to p-bromobenzyl bromide (7 ml), stirred and dissolved, heated to 120 ° C and refluxed for 10 h, washed with n-hexane, and filtered to obtain M The crude product was purified by acidic silica gel column, and the eluent was a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether (the volume ratio of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether was 5:1). After separation by silica gel column chromatography, the target product was collected and concentrated to obtain purified M Its nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum (H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra, ¹H NMR) diagram is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0059] Using M , prepare M-doped perovskite solar cells.

[0060] 1. The process of substrate treatment is as follows:

[0061] Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass was laser etched to form the desired patterned surface. Surface particles and soluble residues were then removed using a dust-free cloth dipped in deionized water. The treated substrate was then ultrasonically cleaned in glass cleaner, deionized water, isopropyl alcohol, and anhydrous ethanol, sequentially for 20 minutes in each solvent. After cleaning, the substrate was dried with nitrogen and then treated in an ozone UV cleaner for 30 minutes to completely remove organic contaminants from the surface, resulting in a clean FTO substrate.

[0062] 2. Prepare the electron transport layer. The process is as follows:

[0063] The cleaned FTO substrate was immersed in a mixture of titanium tetrachloride and deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:50. This system was then placed in a 65°C incubator for 4 hours to allow hydrolysis to form a dense TiO2 layer. The substrate was then transferred to a 190°C heating platform for annealing for 30 minutes, followed by an ozone UV cleaner for 5 minutes, completing the preparation of the TiO2 electron transport layer.

[0064] Using vacuum evaporation equipment, LiF is heated and evaporated and evenly deposited on the surface of the TiO2 electron transport layer with an evaporation thickness of 0.3 nm, forming a LiF interface modification layer on the surface of the TiO2 electron transport layer.

[0065] 3. Prepare the perovskite layer. The process is as follows:

[0066] FAI (137.4 g, 0.8 mol), MABr (1.7 g, 0.15 mol), CsI (1.3 g, 0.05 mol), and PbI2 (40.2 g, 1 mol) were added to a mixed solvent (580 ml) consisting of DMF and DMSO in a volume ratio of 4:1, and stirred thoroughly to completely dissolve the components to obtain perovskite precursor solution I.

[0067] According to the preparation method of the perovskite precursor solution I, 7 portions of the perovskite precursor solution I were prepared and recorded as: group 0, group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5 and group 6;

[0068] To the perovskite precursor solutions I of group 0, group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5 and group 6, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mmol of M , and obtain the product containing M and Pb 2+ Perovskite precursor solutions with different molar ratios II.

[0069] Under nitrogen, the different groups of perovskite precursor solutions II were added dropwise onto the surface of the LiF-coated TiO2 electron transport layer. The perovskite precursor solution II was then spin-coated using a staged gradient spin coating method. First, the substrate was rotated at 600 rpm for 15 seconds to extend the liquid film, and then the substrate was high-speed spun at 3500 rpm for 25 seconds to control the film thickness. 5 seconds before the end of the high-speed stage, 0.3 mL of toluene was injected as an anti-solvent to control the directional growth of the crystal nuclei by adjusting the polarity of the solvent. After the spin coating was completed, the substrate was immediately transferred to a 100°C temperature-controlled platform for annealing for 15 minutes to obtain the perovskite layer.

[0070] The pyridinium compounds and Pb in the perovskite layer of group 0, group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5 and group 6 2+ The molar ratios were different, namely 0, 1:500, 2:250, 3:500, 1:125, 1:100, and 3:250.

[0071] 4. Prepare a hole transport layer on each of the above perovskite layers, the process is as follows:

[0072] P3HT (10 mg) was added to chlorobenzene (1 mL) and stirred to dissolve to obtain a hole transport layer precursor solution. The solution was dropped onto the perovskite layer and spin-coated at 4000 rpm for 28 seconds to form a hole transport layer.

[0073] 5. Prepare the metal electrode layer. The process is as follows: Use vacuum evaporation equipment to deposit Au electrode on the surface of the hole transport layer. The deposition thickness is controlled to be 75nm. Seven perovskite solar cell samples are prepared, namely:

[0074] Group 0 (as control group): perovskite solar cells without M doping;

[0075] Groups 1 to 6 are M-doped perovskite solar cells. In groups 1 to 6, M and Pb 2+ The molar ratios are 1:500, 1:250, 3:500, 1:125, 1:100, and 3:250, respectively.

[0076] Test Example 1: Testing of battery performance.

[0077] 1. Testing of Perovskite Cell Performance: To test the performance of perovskite solar cells, a systematic comparison was conducted on the performance differences of seven groups of solar cells with different doping ratios prepared above. All samples (with an active area of 0.035 cm²) were tested for current-voltage characteristic curves under standard lighting conditions (AM.5G, 100 mW / cm²). Key performance indicators include: open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0078]

[0079] From the values provided in Table 1, we know that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of M-doped perovskite solar cells is generally better than that of cells without the doped compound. 2+ When the molar ratio of M is 3:500 and 1:125, the photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches 22.5% and 22.4%, which is significantly improved compared with the undoped M control sample. The results show that M molecules can effectively optimize the carrier transport path and inhibit defect recombination.

[0080] To further investigate whether M can enhance the UV response of perovskite solar cells by converting UV absorption into visible light output, we used an Enlitech QE-R quantum efficiency system to analyze the incident monochromatic photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of different cell samples. The tests focused on comparing the performance of M-doped and undoped perovskite solar cells in the 300-400 nm UV range. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0081]

[0082] From the data provided in Table 2, it can be seen that the response ability of the M-doped perovskite solar cell to ultraviolet light is enhanced. This result shows that M can convert ultraviolet light in the simulated sunlight spectrum into visible light. Since the perovskite layer has a stronger response to visible light, the utilization rate of ultraviolet light energy of the doped device is ultimately increased.

[0083] Test Example 2: Battery stability test.

[0084] 1. The test process of battery water stability is as follows:

[0085] To evaluate the impact of M molecules on the humidity resistance of perovskite solar cells, we conducted long-term stability tests on M-doped perovskite solar cells and undoped control samples at 25°C and 75% relative humidity. Efficiency changes in the solar cells were tracked through regular efficiency measurements (every 400 hours) in the dark. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0086]

[0087] From the data provided in Table 3, we can see that after 2000 hours of high humidity environment exposure, the M-doped perovskite solar cell showed excellent stability, and its efficiency decay rate was controlled within 15%, especially the M-doped and Pb-doped perovskite solar cells showed excellent stability, and their efficiency decay rate was controlled within 15%. 2+ The sample with a molar ratio of 3:250 still maintained 95.6% of its initial efficiency. In contrast, the undoped M control experienced significant performance degradation after 800 hours, with an efficiency loss of more than 15%. This result shows that the hydrophobic groups in the M molecules work synergistically with the polar ends, not only effectively blocking the penetration and erosion of environmental water, but also strengthening the perovskite grain boundary structure through coordination, thereby significantly improving the water stability of the solar cell.

[0088] 2. The test process of battery thermal stability is as follows:

[0089] Perovskite solar cells are susceptible to irreversible degradation due to the combined effects of thermal stress and lattice defects, which severely impacts the long-term stability of the device. To verify the thermal stability enhancement effect of M, the seven groups of samples prepared above were subjected to aging tests at a constant temperature of 85°C, and the changes in cell efficiency were continuously monitored. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0090]

[0091] The data in Table 4 show that M-doped perovskite solar cells significantly suppress thermal degradation. Test results show that after aging, the efficiency retention of M-doped cells remained between 87.4% and 93.7%, with Group 4 achieving the highest retention of 93.7%. The undoped M control group exhibited significant performance degradation, with the efficiency retention dropping sharply from an initial value of 100% to 61.5%. This result suggests that M achieves stabilization through a dual pathway: its molecular functional groups selectively bind to uncoordinated lead defects in the perovskite layer, effectively eliminating deep-level defect states; simultaneously, its multipolar molecular ends can simultaneously act on multiple defect sites, thereby suppressing high-temperature-induced ion migration and defect propagation.

[0092] 3. The UV stability of the battery was tested by a controlled accelerated aging experiment. The process is as follows:

[0093] The seven groups of samples prepared above were irradiated with a 365nm, 10W UV lamp for 1500 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the solar cells over time, the JV characteristic curve parameters of each solar cell were systematically measured every 250 hours using an AM 1.5G standard light source. Efficiency degradation was calculated based on these parameters. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0094]

[0095] The data in Table 5 show that after prolonged irradiation, the efficiency retention rates of all M-doped solar cells exceeded 85%, with Group 5 maintaining 92.5% of its initial efficiency. In contrast, the performance of the untreated control group plummeted to 67.3%. This result suggests that the M molecule achieves its protective function through two pathways: the large π-conjugated system in its structure effectively absorbs UV photon energy, mitigating the intensity of the perovskite film's exposure to UV light. Furthermore, this UV energy is converted into visible light, which enhances the perovskite film's UV light utilization. Furthermore, specific functional groups within the molecule preferentially bind to grain boundaries and surface defects, blocking UV-induced ion migration channels.

[0096] Through the above stability tests, it can be seen that by doping M in the perovskite layer, the light response performance and environmental stability of perovskite solar cells can be significantly enhanced, providing important technical support for the development of durable solar cells that can adapt to high-intensity outdoor lighting conditions.

[0097] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound, characterized in that: comprising a perovskite layer comprising Pb doped therein 2+ and pyridinium compounds; Among them, pyridinium compounds and Pb 2+ The molar ratio is 1:500 to 3:250; The molecular structural formula of the pyridinium compound is shown below: 。 2. The pyridinium compound-doped perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a substrate, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer. The substrate, the electron transport layer, the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer and the metal electrode layer are arranged vertically in sequence from bottom to top.

3. The pyridinium compound-doped perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The substrate is selected from fluorine-doped tin oxide glass materials.

4. The pyridinium compound-doped perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The electron transport layer is selected from titanium dioxide materials.

5. The pyridinium compound-doped perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, wherein: An interface modification layer is arranged on the electron transport layer. The interface modification layer is selected from lithium fluoride materials and has a thickness of 0.3 to 0.8 nm.

6. The pyridinium compound-doped perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The hole transport layer is selected from poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) material or 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis [N,N-di (4-methoxyphenyl) amino] -9,9'-spirobifluorene material.

7. The pyridinium compound-doped perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein: The metal in the metal electrode layer is selected from any one of Au, Ag and Cu.

8. The pyridinium compound-doped perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The thickness of the metal electrode layer is 70-80 nm.

9. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound, characterized in that: The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound according to any one of claims 2 to 8 comprises the following steps: S100, preparing an electron transport layer on a substrate; S200, adding formamidinium iodide, methylammonium bromide, cesium iodide, and lead iodide to an organic solvent for dissolution to obtain a perovskite precursor solution I, adding a pyridinium compound, stirring and dissolving the mixture to obtain a perovskite precursor solution II, and spin-coating the perovskite precursor solution II on the electron transport layer by a gradient spin coating method to obtain a perovskite layer; S300, preparing a hole transport layer on the perovskite layer; S400, depositing metal on the hole transport layer to obtain a metal electrode layer.

10. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell doped with a pyridinium compound according to claim 9, wherein: In step S200, the organic solvent is selected from dimethylformamide and / or dimethyl sulfoxide.

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