Systems and methods for generation and use of authentication images in conjunction with low resolution printing devices

Abstract

Systems and methods suitable for, for example, generation and use of authentication images. In one aspect, an attempt to authenticate an image by unauthorized copy may be blocked. In another aspect, authorized authentication image generation using a low resolution printing device may be provided.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 395,483, filed on August 5, 2022, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. Technical field

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to authentication images, and more specifically but not exclusively to systems and methods for the generation and use of authentication images for use in conjunction with low - resolution printing devices (e.g., home / office printers and low - resolution industrial printers). Background art

[0004] Authentication images can be used for many useful purposes. For example, an authentication image adhered to an item (and / or to its packaging material) can be used to indicate that the item is genuine. The use of such authentication images is particularly useful for items that are often targets of counterfeiters. Aircraft parts, pharmaceuticals, sports memorabilia, luxury watches, and designer handbags are just a few items belonging to this category.

[0005] However, in cases where authentication images are used in this way, the authentication images themselves can become the object of unauthorized copying. In fact, counterfeiters can provide credibility to their fake items by adhering a forged authentication image to them. Here, the improvement in the capabilities of low - resolution printing devices (e.g., home / office printers and low - resolution industrial printers) and home / office capture devices and the decrease in their prices have made potential tools for unauthorized copying of authentication images readily available.

[0006] However, from another perspective, allowing authorized printing of authentication images using low - resolution printing devices can prove useful in various situations. However, conventional methods do not provide authentication image generation that can be successfully performed by low - resolution printing devices upon authorization on the one hand. But on the other hand, using, for example, a home / office scanner in combination with a low - resolution printing device to produce an authentication image that may not become the object of unauthorized copying.

[0007] In view of the above, there is a need for improved systems and methods for implementing authentication images to overcome the above - mentioned obstacles and deficiencies of conventional methods. Summary of the invention

[0008] According to a first aspect disclosed herein, there is provided an authentication image, comprising:

[0009] One or more latent images, wherein the latent images indicate authenticity; and

[0010] One or more background images, wherein the background images work in conjunction with the latent image to prohibit unauthorized copying of the authentication image,

[0011] wherein the generation of the authentication image utilizes knowledge of the characteristics of one or more of low-resolution printing devices or home / office devices; and

[0012] wherein the authorized software uses knowledge of the background image and knowledge of the latent image to generate one or more of the latent images from the authentication image.

[0013] In some embodiments of the disclosed authentication images, the image further includes one or more visible targets, wherein the visible targets contribute to generating a latent image from the authentication image, wherein the visible targets optionally contribute to one or more of glare detection or autofocus, or are optionally one or more in or adjacent to the authentication image.

[0014] In some embodiments of the disclosed authentication images, the detection of one or more visible targets utilizes contour extraction.

[0015] In some embodiments of the disclosed authentication images, one or more of the latent image or the background image are customized using image elements, wherein the image elements optionally include one or more of lines, line segments, points, spots, or non-imaging regions.

[0016] In some embodiments of the disclosed authentication images, a first number of image elements are arranged at a first angle and form one or more background images, and wherein a second number of image elements are arranged at a second angle or close to the second angle and form one or more latent images.

[0017] In some embodiments of the disclosed authentication images, the authentication image is at least one of the following: printed via a custom font / character set method, associated with tracking and tracing elements, wherein the authentication image represents the authenticity of the tracking and tracing elements or the screen authentication image, and wherein the validity determination can be made by pointing a device at a display showing the screen authentication image.

[0018] In some embodiments of the disclosed authentication images, the authentication image is a screen authentication image, wherein the screen authentication image is attached with an additional authentication image, wherein the additional authentication image is formed by one of printing, ablation, engraving, or etching, and wherein the validity determination can be made by pointing a device at the additional authentication image and a display showing the screen authentication image.

[0019] According to some aspects disclosed herein, a system is proposed, the system comprising:

[0020] At least one processor; and

[0021] A memory that stores instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the system to generate the authentication images disclosed herein.

[0022] According to another aspect disclosed herein, a computer-implemented method is provided, the computer-implemented method comprising:

[0023] Generating, by a computing system, an uncompensated print file for an authentication image, wherein printing the uncompensated print file by a low-resolution printing device produces a print result that does not match the uncompensated print file; and

[0024] Generating, by the computing system, a compensated print file for the authentication image based on the uncompensated print file, wherein generation of the compensated print file utilizes the characteristics of a known low-resolution printing device, and wherein printing the compensated print file by the low-resolution printing device produces a scanned print result that is a valid authentication image.

[0025] In some embodiments of the disclosed method, unauthorized copying of the authentication image print result results in at least one of the following: image loss or not being scanned as valid.

[0026] In some embodiments of the disclosed method, the authentication image is customized using at least one of the following: consistent or variable image elements, image elements having a print density that causes one or more of disappearance, distortion, or color shift in the case of unauthorized copying of the authentication image, or one or more composite image elements, wherein the composite image elements are separated into discrete color layers.

[0027] In some embodiments of the disclosed method, generation of the compensated print file utilizes one or more compensation schemes (formulas).

[0028] In some embodiments of the disclosed method, the compensated print file is generated using a custom font / character set method.

[0029] In some embodiments of the disclosed method, a first portion of the authentication image is printed using a colorant that is invisible under normal light, and a second portion of the authentication image is printed using a colorant that is visible under normal light.

[0030] According to some aspects disclosed herein, a system is provided, the system comprising: at least one processor; and

[0031] A memory that stores instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the system to perform the computer-implemented method disclosed herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is an illustration showing an authentication image including visible targets according to various embodiments.

[0033] Figure 2 is a representation of a computer on which contour extraction has been performed according to various embodiments.

[0034] Figure 3 is a graph of the distance from the center point according to various embodiments.

[0035] Figure 4 is an illustration showing a comparison of a QR code and an authentication image according to various embodiments.

[0036] Figure 5 is an illustration showing an authentication image including a background image and multiple latent images according to various embodiments.

[0037] Figure 6 is an illustration showing a failed attempt to copy an authentication image according to various embodiments.

[0038] Figure 7 is an illustration showing an uncompensated printed document and its various prints according to various embodiments.

[0039] Figure 8 is an illustration showing another authentication image including visible targets according to various embodiments.

[0040] Figure 9 is an illustration showing consistent image elements and variable image elements according to various embodiments.

[0041] Figure 10 is an illustration showing a depiction of an authentication image including a visible image according to various embodiments.

[0042] Figure 11 is an illustration showing a depiction of microtext according to various embodiments.

[0043] Figure 12 is an illustration showing a depiction of supplementary image elements according to various embodiments.

[0044] Figure 13 is an illustration depicting composite image elements according to various embodiments.

[0045] Figure 14 is an illustration depicting visible targets according to various embodiments.

[0046] Figure 15 is an illustration depicting an authentication image printed using a custom font / character set method according to various embodiments.

[0047] Figure 16Is an illustration depicting a QR code and an authentication image according to various embodiments.

[0048] Figure 17 Is an illustration depicting an authentication image printed using an invisible colorant according to various embodiments.

[0049] Figure 18 Is an illustration depicting the use of a laser ablation method according to various embodiments.

[0050] Figure 19 Is an illustration depicting a screen authentication image according to various embodiments.

[0051] Figure 20 Is an illustration depicting a screen authentication image and an authentication image generated using printing and / or laser according to various embodiments.

[0052] Figure 21 Shows an example computer according to various embodiments. Detailed Description

[0053] According to various embodiments, systems and methods for generating and utilizing authentication images can be employed. Such authentication images can consist of one or more latent images and one or more background images. Merely by way of some examples, one or more latent images can serve multiple functions, including but not limited to demonstrating that an item adhered to or decorated with the authentication image is original or genuine and / or conferring privileges (e.g., visiting a museum, concert, or sporting event). Merely by way of some examples, one or more background images can be used to camouflage one or more latent images from the human eye and / or deter attempts to copy the authentication image. Such deterrence may be due to deficiencies and / or characteristics of the devices (e.g., home / office scanners, copiers, smartphone cameras, standalone digital cameras, home / office printers, and / or low-resolution industrial printers) that might be used by individuals attempting to copy the authentication image. In the case of such an unauthorized copying attempt, the result may be an image distinguishable from the original authentication image, thus signaling a non-original authentication image. Despite the camouflage and anti-copying capabilities of the background image, one or more latent images of the authentication image can still be extracted using a smartphone (or other device) equipped with a camera. Additionally, in various embodiments, visible targets (e.g., a visible target in the shape of a plus sign) can be located within or adjacent to the authentication image. The visible target can provide various benefits, including facilitating the extraction of latent images from the authentication image.

[0054] In various embodiments, a collection of image elements can be used to customize one or more background images and one or more latent images of an authentication image. The image elements of a given collection can share a given angular arrangement, and the background image (or a portion thereof) or the latent image (or a portion thereof) can be customized. By way of example only, an authentication image can be composed of image elements arranged at 90 degrees or near 90 degrees that form the background image and image elements arranged at 45 degrees or near 45 degrees that form the latent image. Here, authorized software (e.g., an authorized application running on a smart phone and / or software running on a central computer or website) can utilize the knowledge of the 90-degree angular arrangement of the image elements that make up the background image and the knowledge of the 45-degree angular arrangement of the image elements that make up the latent image to subtract the background image from the authentication image, thereby obtaining the latent image. By way of some examples only, the image elements can be lines, line segments, points, spots, or non-imaging regions (e.g., blanks). The image elements can be straight, intermittent, modulated (e.g., wavy and / or thickness / thinness modulated), and / or contain noise. The image elements can be of various shapes. By way of some examples only, a point can be circular, a point can be square, a non-image region can be circular, and / or a non-imaging region can be square.

[0055] In various embodiments, the latent image can be composed of image elements located between (or adjacent to) image elements spaced at 150 or about 150 to 300 or about 300 lines per inch. In other embodiments, other line spacing ranges per inch other than 70 or about 70 to 300 or about 300 lines per inch can be used. Additionally, in various embodiments, the background image can be located around the latent image and / or integrated with the latent image.

[0056] By way of some examples only, a traditional printing press, a digital printing press, a laser printer, an inkjet printer, a split fountain method, an analog split fountain method, and / or laser etching can be used to print the authentication image and the visible target. Additionally, the authentication image and the visible target can be monochromatic or multicolored. In various embodiments, the printing can be on one or more substrates (e.g., white and / or toned substrates). The authentication image and the visible target can be printed via a bitmap method and / or via a custom font / character set method. The custom font / character set method will be discussed in more detail below. Additionally, the printing of the authentication image and the visible target can be directed by a computer including a personal computer, a factory computer, and a smart phone. For example, in the case of using a smart phone, an application running on the smart phone can receive data from a central computer or website that can be used to print the authentication image and / or the visible target.

[0057] As an example, the authentication image can include image elements arranged at 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees (or 0 degrees) that form a background image and image elements arranged at 45 degrees or close to 45 degrees that form a latent image. Here, the background image at 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees (or 0 degrees) can provide several benefits, including: a) camouflaging the latent image; b) creating distortion that carries the latent image; c) making the latent image invisible to the human eye, scanning devices, or cameras; and d) causing attempts to capture (e.g., via a scanner or smartphone camera) the image elements to fail, resulting in the capture of image elements with fewer than expected image elements (or different from the expected image elements), thus signaling a non-original authentication image. In this example, the image elements for the background image are arranged at 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees (or 0 degrees), while the image elements for the latent image are arranged at 45 degrees or close to 45 degrees. However, in various embodiments, other values can be used for the two angles. Additionally, in this example, the authentication image includes a single latent image. However, in various embodiments, the authentication image can include several latent images. As an example, several latent images can have their image elements arranged at the same degree value (e.g., there can be two latent images, each consisting of image elements arranged at 45 degrees or close to 45 degrees). As another example, one or more of the several latent images can have their image elements arranged at different degree values (e.g., there can be two latent images, where the first consists of image elements arranged at 45 degrees or close to 45 degrees, and the second consists of image elements arranged at a different degree value). In various embodiments, in the case of employing multiple latent images, one or more of the latent images can be separated in their color composition (e.g., such that one or more of its parts appear in two or more colors).

[0058] As another example, an authentication image can include: a) image elements arranged at 45 degrees or near 45 degrees and forming a first background image; b) image elements arranged at 90 degrees or near 90 degrees (or 0 degrees) and forming a second background image; and c) image elements arranged at 135 degrees or near 135 degrees and forming a latent image. Here, the first background image at 45 degrees or near 45 degrees and the second background image at 90 degrees or near 90 degrees (or 0 degrees) can produce benefits including the above benefits (e.g., making the latent image invisible to the human eye, scanning devices, or cameras). In this example, the image elements for the first background image are arranged at 45 degrees or near 45 degrees, the image elements for the second background image are arranged at 90 degrees or near 90 degrees (or 0 degrees), and the image elements for the latent image are arranged at 135 degrees or near 135 degrees. However, in various embodiments, other values can be used for the three angles. Additionally, in this example, the authentication image includes a single latent image. However, in various embodiments, the authentication image can include several latent images in a manner similar to that discussed above. Thus, as just one example, there can be two latent images, each composed of image elements arranged at 135 degrees or near 135 degrees. Additionally, correspondingly, as just another example, there can be two latent images, where the first is composed of image elements arranged at 135 degrees or near 135 degrees, and the second is composed of image elements arranged at a different degree value.

[0059] Although the authentication image is discussed herein as being composed of one or more latent images and one or more background images, there are other possibilities for applying the methods discussed herein. For example, as an alternative or supplement to including one or more background images, the authentication image can include one or more graphic overlays. Such graphic overlays can be implemented in a manner generally similar to that discussed herein regarding background images. However, in various embodiments, the background image can be located behind the latent image, and the graphic overlay can be located in front of the latent image.

[0060] In various embodiments, visible targets can be located within or adjacent to the authentication image. As just some examples, the visible targets can assist in the detection, filtering, and / or decoding of the corresponding authentication image. As just some other examples, the visible targets can assist in functions that can utilize the location of the visible targets, such as glare detection and auto - zoom. As just some examples, the visible targets can utilize pairings of black and white, color, and / or high - contrast colors.

[0061] By way of example only, a visible target, which may also be referred to as a calibration locator, may be an image in the shape of a plus sign. Additionally, the visible target may have one or more unique attributes. In various embodiments, these unique attributes may be known to software running on a camera-equipped smartphone (or other device) that will perform extraction (or other operations). These extraction operations (or other operations) may include operations performed on an authentication image corresponding to the visible target. Such knowledge may assist the software in performing the extraction (or other operations). By way of only some examples, the unique attributes may include one or more of the following: a) the size of the visible target relative to the corresponding authentication image; b) the location of the visible target within or adjacent to the corresponding authentication image; c) the unique and / or specific blank configuration of the visible target; and d) the unique and / or specific width of the contour rule of the visible target. For the contour rule, various colors may be used. For example, the contour rule may be black. Figure 1 Shown is an enlarged view of the visible target 103 of the exemplary authentication image 101.

[0062] The visible target may adopt a geometric shape in the shape of a plus sign. This plus sign shape may be, for example, a cross with four arms of equal (or nearly equal) length. Using a plus sign shape for the visible target may provide a variety of benefits, including a balance of simplicity and distinctiveness. For example, since the plus sign shape is a simple and unique shape, it can be mathematically evaluated for fast performance when processing a large number of contours extracted from a high-resolution camera image. Such operations and the capture of such images may be performed, for example, by a smartphone.

[0063] According to various embodiments, a smartphone (or other computer) may be used to detect a visible target from a camera image by first performing a contour extraction operation on the image. Subsequently, the smartphone (or other computer) may measure the distance of each point of the contour to the center of the contour for some or all of the extracted contours. In the case where a given contour is a visible target, this distance determined according to the center point may produce a pattern indicative of the contour. In various embodiments, when it is determined that a given contour is a visible target, the smartphone (or other computer) may determine the location of the visible target contour within the image.

[0064] For example, Figure 2 Shown is a representation 201 of a smartphone (or other computer) having performed such a contour extraction operation on an image (e.g., an image captured by a smartphone). As depicted by Figure 2 the extracted contours include a contour 203 corresponding to the visible target and a contour 205 corresponding to something other than the visible target (e.g., a contour corresponding to noise). Then, Figure 3Shown is a graph 301 of the distance from the center point of the extracted contour corresponding to the visible target. Here, the graph exhibits a pattern indicating the extracted contour corresponding to the visible target in the shape of a plus sign. Regarding Figure 3 , it should be noted that the number of points corresponding to the visible target in the shape of a plus sign within the graph may vary. However, the visible target in the shape of a plus sign can still exhibit a pattern of four evenly distributed peaks and valleys within the graph. In various embodiments, the evaluation of the peaks and valleys can be performed by using the intermediate value between the minimum distance from the center to the maximum distance from the center.

[0065] As another example of the advantages of using a visible target in the shape of a plus sign, this plus sign shape can maintain a detectable form within a very small range. Thus, benefits such as providing a wider proximity range in which to detect the visible target can be obtained. Additionally, in the case of using a plus sign shape for the visible target, a smartphone (or other computer) can use the uniformity of the arms of the plus sign to determine the outer points of the corresponding authentication image. As just one example, these outer points can be used in the inverse transformation from the perspective / 3D space to the 2D space. Once the smartphone (or other computer) has translated the authentication image in this way, the smartphone (or other computer) can apply filtering to enhance the readability of the information. As yet another example of the advantages of using a visible target in the shape of a plus sign, the discrete contrast provided by the unprinted area of such a visible target outlined by the printed area of the visible target can provide an optimal (or near-optimal) visual component for the device camera (e.g., the camera of a smartphone) to autofocus at a distance close to the visible target.

[0066] Once the smartphone (or other computer) determines that a given contour is a visible target, and / or determines the position of the visible target within the captured image, various support functions (e.g., support application functions) can be employed to assist with one or more of the following: a) operations performed by the smartphone (or other computer) on the authentication image (e.g., generating a latent image from the authentication image); and / or b) the user experience. An example support function is glare detection. Such glare detection can include identifying strong (e.g., the strongest) brightness points on the captured image related to the position of the visible target and a speculative area of the authentication image around the visible target (e.g., speculated using one or more of the above unique attributes of the visible target). Another example support function is the automatic zoom function. Such an automatic zoom function can include increasing and / or decreasing the camera zoom according to the optimal size (or near-optimal size) of the filtered, extracted, and / or decoded. The zoom of such a camera can be used, for example, to capture small and / or dense information of the authentication image.

[0067] In various embodiments, the combination of the internal blank of the visible target and the surrounding color of the visible target can provide a contrast basis that a smartphone (or other computer) can utilize to evaluate the authentication image. By way of example only, a white center of the visible target and / or a prominent color of the corresponding printed design can provide a baseline color value for performing filtering (e.g., binary thresholding) therewith, and / or can be used when calculating various aspects of the authentication image (e.g., printed / unprinted ratio).

[0068] Referring Figure 4 , it should be noted that another advantage of using a plus shape for the visible target can include its potential for being visually recognizable and / or iconic, such as when the visible target is deployed in a consumer-facing application. For example, consider that one of the most familiar consumer-facing information markers is the QR code 401. The QR code has good public recognition, and its iconic form is four blocky anchors, with one serving as the anchor. Then, further consider the authentication image discussed herein (e.g., as depicted as the authentication image 403): a) has the ability to be printed much smaller than the QR code; and b) in various embodiments, achieves its own iconic appearance by having a plus-shaped visible target at its center. Thus, the authentication image discussed herein has at least as much and even more potential for being visually recognizable and / or iconic as the QR code. Figure 4

[0069] In some embodiments, the authentication image can be printed using a bitmap method. In other embodiments, the authentication image can be printed using a custom font / character set method. Such a custom font / character set method can include, for example, customizing a custom font and / or character set composed of characters or portions thereof that each provide one or more image elements of the type discussed herein. Such a custom font / character set method can be used both when printing an authentication image that includes a visible target of the type discussed herein and when printing an authentication image that does not include a visible target. When such a custom font / character set method is used when printing an authentication image that does not include a visible target, custom characters can be used both when printing the visible target component of the authentication image and when printing other components of the authentication image. In some embodiments, a vector-based method can be used when creating the custom font / character set. In other embodiments, a raster-based method can be used when creating the custom font / character set. However, compared to a raster-based method, a vector-based method can have the potential to produce more consistent results.

[0070] ​Printing an authentication image using a custom font / character set approach can provide various advantages. For example, printing an authentication image in this manner (e.g., when using a vector-based approach) does not require knowledge of the printer resolution (or other printer details) in order to print the authentication image on various printing devices. Another example advantage of printing an authentication image using a custom font / character set approach is that the lines per inch of the authentication image can be varied by changing the size of the characters used to compose the authentication image.

[0071] Then, another example advantage of printing an authentication image using a custom font / character set approach is the variability in creating the authentication image. In particular, since the authentication image can be composed of custom characters of the type described, it is not required to generate a separate bitmap for each authentication image. Additionally, in particular, since the authentication image can be composed of custom characters of the type described, it is possible to perform authentication image creation using variable data (e.g., by variably printing the number and / or their positions of the characters within the authentication image). Further, in particular, since the authentication image can be composed of custom characters of the type described, it is possible to achieve easier variability when incorporating background image camouflage features (e.g., by variably printing the number and / or character positions of the characters used to form the background image).

[0072] Moreover, another example advantage of printing an authentication image using a custom font / character set approach is easier and / or faster authentication image generation (e.g., once the custom character set is built, generation of the authentication image mainly requires only placing the appropriate characters of the pre-built set). Yet another example advantage of printing an authentication image using a custom font / character set approach is the flexibility in the authentication image structure. For example, custom screening patterns can be used when creating the characters, including various angle combinations and line thickness modulations. Thus, the screening options for the characters can advantageously be independent of conventional screening. Merely as some examples, the custom screening patterns can not only achieve efficient readability (e.g., when using an application running on a smartphone), but can also achieve increased distortion when an unauthorized copying attempt is made.

[0073] Another example advantage of printing an authentication image using a custom font / character set approach is that the area of the authentication image can be increased. In particular, for example, using a custom font / character set to compose the authentication image makes it easier to determine the position of its latent image portion.

[0074] Figure 5 Shown is an example authentication image 501 that includes a background image 503 formed using image elements arranged at 90 degrees or near 90 degrees, and also includes latent images 505A / 505B formed using image elements arranged at 45 degrees or near 45 degrees. Then, Figure 6 Shown is a copyFigure 5 Result of a failed attempt at authenticating an image. Here, due to the image authentication method discussed herein, the attempt failed, resulting in the capture of an image 601 with image elements other than the expected ones, thus signaling a non-original authentication image.

[0075] In addition, an authentication image can be authenticated by analyzing the width / spacing (and / or angle) of the image elements that make up the authentication image. The analysis can be performed by authorized software (e.g., an authorized app running on a smartphone). As an example, the analysis can determine whether the width / spacing (and / or angle) of the image elements is globally consistent (or almost globally consistent) throughout the authentication image. As another example, the analysis can determine whether the width / spacing (and / or angle) of the image elements exhibits globally regular variability (or near globally regular variability) throughout the authentication image. Here, the analysis can take advantage of the deficiencies and / or characteristics of low-resolution printing devices, which can cause unauthorized prints of the replicated authentication image to not match the original of the authentication image in terms of image element width / spacing (and / or angle). Nevertheless, an authorized print of the authentication image via a low-resolution printing device can be provided by implementing methods that compensate for these deficiencies and / or characteristics of the printing devices. In this way, such a low-resolution printing device can print an authentication image that exhibits image element width / spacing (and / or angle) that meets the authentication analysis. It should be noted that low-resolution printing devices as discussed herein can include home / office printers and low-resolution industrial printers.

[0076] Go to Figure 7 , which shows a depiction of an uncompensated print file 701 of the authentication image. Figure 7 Also shown in are: a) a depiction 703 of an uncompensated print file 701 printed by a 2400 dpi flexographic printer; b) a magnification 705 of an uncompensated print file 701 printed by a 600 dpi inkjet printer; c) a magnification 707 of an uncompensated print file 701 printed by an 812 dpi liquid ink printer; and d) a magnification 709 of an uncompensated print file 701 printed by a 600 dpi toner-based laser printer.

[0077] As Figure 7As shown, when directly printing (i.e., rather than printing using a corresponding compensated print file discussed below) an uncompensated print file 701 by a 600-dpi inkjet printer, the print result includes rough line edges 711 and curved lines 713. These rough line edges 711 and curved lines 713 cause the print result to not match the uncompensated print file 701 in terms of image element width / spacing (and / or angle). Similarly, when printing the uncompensated print file 701 without compensation by an 812-dpi liquid ink printer, the print result includes oversized lines 715, and these oversized lines 715 cause the print result to not match the uncompensated print file 701 in terms of image element width / spacing (and / or angle). In addition, when printing the uncompensated print file 701 without compensation by a 600-dpi toner-based laser printer, the print result includes missing line portions 717, and these missing line portions 717 cause the print result to not match the uncompensated print file 701 in terms of image element width / spacing (and / or angle). Figure 7 Also shown in [Figure] is: a) a reduced view 719 corresponding to a scale 705; and b) a depiction 721 of the uncompensated print file 701 printed by a low-resolution (e.g., home / office) thermal printer. As shown, such uncompensated printing deviates from the uncompensated print file 701.

[0078] As described, authorized printing of an authenticated image by a low-resolution printing device can be provided. In particular, this can be achieved by generating a compensated print file based on the uncompensated print file. For example, in the case where a low-resolution (e.g., home / office) 600-dpi inkjet printer prints an authenticated image by means of such a compensated print file, since the compensated print file compensates for the deficiencies and / or characteristics of the inkjet printer, the print result can match (or nearly match) the corresponding uncompensated print file. Thus, returning to Figure 7 the example of [Figure], the 600-dpi inkjet printer can generate a print result that matches (or nearly matches) the flexographic print result 703 rather than the print result of the scale 705.

[0079] Generating a compensated print file based on the uncompensated print file can utilize one or more compensation schemes and / or rules based on the known characteristics / deficiencies of a given low-resolution printing device. For example, it may be known that a low-resolution printing device incorrectly renders an uncompensated print file by weakening instances of lines located within a certain known distance range between two other lines. Here, the compensation scheme and / or rule can thicken these line instances in the compensated print file in such a way that those line instances correctly match the uncompensated print file when printed.

[0080] Regarding further formulas and / or rules, it should be noted that the formulas and / or rules can prescribe the thinning or thickening of printed lines by considering the print consistency of the certified image lines and angles, thereby allowing low-resolution printing devices to generate print results that satisfy a smartphone application that captures (and determines) the certified image. The formulas and / or rules can utilize various factors to determine how much to thin or thicken the lines. By way of example, these factors can include: a) the type of printing device; b) the printing speed; c) the width of the printing paper; d) the ink curing and / or air drying time; e) the colorant used (e.g., inkjet ink, traditional ink, liquid ink, and / or toner); f) the substrate used (e.g., traditional paper, inkjet receiving paper, metal, and / or plastic); and / or the varnish and / or water-based coating used. By way of example only, the plastic can be a plastic bag material such as LDPE.

[0081] As described above, in various embodiments, a custom font / character set method can be used to print the certified image. Additionally, this custom font / character set method can be used when generating a compensated print file and / or an uncompensated print file. For example, using a vector art file based on a custom font / character set can allow for a consistent line shape to be maintained throughout the electroplating and / or printing process via a contour print file, which can achieve consistent printing regardless of the dpi of the printing device.

[0082] In the case of printing an uncompensated print file by a low-resolution printing device, subsequent print results may exhibit various defects (e.g., a large amount of splashing and / or unevenness on the line edges). Due to these defects, subsequent print results can be expected to not be scanned (or scanned inconsistently) as valid by a mobile application. In various embodiments, the establishment of a compensation scheme and / or rules can involve an automated process that works backwards. In these embodiments, the image element width / spacing (and / or angle) can initially be created in the original uncompensated print file. Subsequently, operations can be performed to establish a compensation scheme and / or rules applicable to generating the final compensated print file. Working backwards can include using an automated process that measures aspects such as the colorant splash intensity in the print result produced by directly printing the uncompensated print file by a low-resolution printing device. By way of example, such colorant splashing may be due to overspray of the colorant, substrate absorption, wicking, and / or incomplete ink adhesion.

[0083] Specifically, the establishment of the compensation scheme and / or rules can seek to produce a compensated print file that meets two criteria when printed by the low-resolution printing device under consideration. First, printing the compensated print file by the low-resolution printing device produces a print that remains clean enough (e.g., in terms of the ratio of the percentage of blank to the percentage of black image) to be scanned (and / or scanned consistently) as a valid authentication image using a smartphone application. Moreover, second, if an unauthorized attempt is made to copy the print result produced by printing the compensated print file (e.g., using a home / office copier or desktop scanner), such copying will fail, resulting in interference and / or image loss. In particular, the failure may be such that the authentication image using the mobile application will not scan (and / or will not scan consistently) as valid. In this way, a signal of the presentation of a non-genuine authentication image can be emitted.

[0084] Return to Figure 7 , a scaled-down view 723 of the compensated print file printed by a 600-dpi toner-based laser printer is also depicted. Here, the compensated print file corresponds to the uncompensated print file 701. It is observed that due to the use of the compensated print file, the scaled-down view 723 does not exhibit the missing line portion 717 of the scaled-down view 709.

[0085] The use of the compensating print file discussed can produce various benefits. For example, according to conventional methods, low-resolution printing devices are not considered capable of being used for secure printing due to their low dpi and the drawbacks of their printing processes. In particular, according to conventional methods, a magnitude of 2400 dpi is considered the minimum dpi required to perform secure printing. In perspective, it should be noted that digital / thermal ink printers exhibit dpi capabilities ranging from a magnitude of 203 dpi to a magnitude of 812 dpi. However, via the use of the compensating print file discussed, low-resolution printing devices (e.g., low-resolution industrial printers, desktop printers, toner-based printers, digital inkjet printers, and pad printers) can be used for secure printing (e.g., home printing of theater tickets that include authentication images). In addition to allowing secure printing to be performed using low-resolution printing devices that are conventionally considered unable to accomplish the task, as an additional example benefit, via the use of the compensating print file discussed, various colorants (e.g., home / office colorants and colorants used in conjunction with low-resolution industrial printers) that are conventionally considered unable to be used for secure printing (e.g., due to the spattering they exhibit) can be used. In this way, the use of such colorants (e.g., inkjet fluids, toner, and liquid inks) can be achieved in situations where intaglio, flexographic, and / or offset inks are conventionally considered required. As an additional example benefit, via the use of the compensating print file discussed, various substrates (e.g., home / office substrates and substrates used in conjunction with low-resolution industrial printers) that are conventionally considered unable to be used for secure printing (e.g., due to their absorption characteristics) can be used for this purpose. Merely as some examples, such substrates can include thermal printing paper, fabrics, polyesters, rough / coarse surface substrates, and / or porous surface substrates. Conventionally, low-resolution printers (especially desktop ones) have been excluded from print security features due to their inability to accurately generate consistent, valid, smartphone-authenticated images. However, via the use of the compensating print file discussed, this limitation can be overcome. More generally, the functionality discussed herein can produce an authentication image that includes image elements that affect the consistency of the printed colorant applied to and / or absorbed by the substrate, such that: a) unauthorized copying of the authentication image is prevented; and b) analysis software (e.g., running on a smartphone) can determine that the authentication image is not authentic and can signal the user accordingly. This configuration of image elements can be referred to as intentional spacing.

[0086] As described above, in various embodiments, the visible target can be located within or adjacent to the authentication image. Figure 8 A visible target 801 located adjacent to (and in particular adjacent to and at the corners of) the authentication image 803 is shown. According to Figure 8 the example, the visible target 801 takes the form of a character, specifically the letter "M".Figure 8 Also shown therein is a visible target 805 located in the authentication image 807. According to Figure 8 the example of, the visible target 805 takes the form of a plus sign. The use of visible targets can provide a variety of benefits, including the ability to assist a smartphone (or other capture device) in positioning, orienting, focusing, detecting glare, and / or adjusting the contrast level of a captured image. Figure 8 Also further shown therein is a visible target 804 located in the authentication image 803.

[0087] As discussed, the authentication of an authentication image can include determining whether the width / spacing (and / or angle) of image elements is globally consistent throughout the authentication image. Also as discussed, such authentication can include determining whether the width / spacing (and / or angle) of image elements exhibits globally regular variability throughout the authentication image. Figure 9 Shown is an example authentication image 901 in which the width and spacing of both the printed and blank areas are globally consistent throughout the authentication image 901. In this way, the consistency of the width and spacing of the image elements of the authentication image 901 is beneficial for authenticity determination on the one hand and also for the destruction of a replicated authentication image on the other hand. Then, Figure 9 Also shown therein is an example authentication image 903 in which the width, spacing, and angle of the image elements vary globally throughout the authentication image 903. Here, the variability of the width, spacing, and angle of the image elements of the authentication image 903 is beneficial for authenticity determination on the one hand and also for the destruction of a replicated authentication image on the other hand. Figure 9 Also shown therein is a scaling 905 of the authentication image 903.

[0088] Further regarding the variability discussed, it should be noted that within an authentication image, the relationship of any image element to any other image element can be variable. In this regard, Figure 9 Shown is an example of an image element 907 varying to an image element 909 within an authentication image. Also in this regard, Figure 9 Shown is another example of an image element 911 varying to an image element 913 within an authentication image.

[0089] An authentication image can include a visible graphic (e.g., visible to the naked eye). In particular, various attributes of the image elements of an authentication image can be variable and integrated throughout the authentication image to create a visible graphic. The visible graphic can be, for example, a logo, badge, design, or trademark. Figure 10 Shown is an example authentication image including a visible image 1001 of a football. The visible image 1001 of the football results from the application of the image elements. Figure 10Also shown is an example authentication image including a lock visible image 1003 that results from the application of the image elements.

[0090] The authentication image can include non - segmented and / or segmented image elements placed at a given print density or near a given print density (e.g., at a print density below 30% or near a print density below 30%). In this way, the image elements can disappear, distort, and / or exhibit a tone shift when subjected to unauthorized copying. In some embodiments, the image elements can form one or more micro - images, micro - dots, and / or micro - text instances that are visible when magnified in an authorized print (e.g., printed using a compensated print file).

[0091] As an example, using this method, a row of placed dot image elements can form micro - text (e.g., the letters “AUT” representing the authentication image). Such micro - text can change tone, distort, and / or disappear after unauthorized copying or scanning. Turning to Figure 11 , a cropped view 1101 of an authorized print of the micro - text is shown. Then, view 1103 shows a zoom of the authorized micro - text print. In the case of an unauthorized copy, the micro - text may disappear.

[0092] In addition, the authentication image can include supplementary image elements. These supplementary image elements can be placed out of sync with the angles of the other image elements of the authentication image. Since unauthorized copying distorts the image elements of the authentication image, such supplementary image elements may be distorted in an unauthorized copy. Merely as some examples, the supplementary image elements can be positioned with: a) a latent image; b) a background image; and / or c) characters. The out - of - sync placement of the supplementary image elements can include rotation, tilting, and / or distortion of image elements that exist elsewhere in the authentication image. As an example, there can be only a single supplementary image element (e.g., within a latent image). As another example, there can be multiple supplementary image elements.

[0093] Using supplementary image elements in the authentication image can provide a covert authentication method (e.g., by a user or by software analysis). In particular, information about the supplementary image elements (e.g., their angles and / or positions) can be made available (e.g., stored on a server and / or otherwise available for a smartphone application). Using this information, the supplementary image elements can be found in an authorized print. However, due to distortion, the supplementary image elements will not be locatable in an unauthorized print. In this way, searching for (e.g., via a smartphone application) the supplementary image elements can provide a covert authentication method.

[0094] Turning to Figure 12, shows an authentication image 1201 including a supplementary image element 1203. The supplementary image element 1203 is placed at an angle out of sync with other image elements of the authentication image 1201. Figure 12 also shows a corresponding zoom 1205. Moving further to Figure 12 , shows a background image 1207 including a supplementary image element 1209. As depicted, the supplementary image element 1209 is placed at an angle out of sync with other image elements of the background image 1207. Figure 12 also shows a character 1211, which includes a supplementary image element 1213. The supplementary image element 1213 is placed at an angle out of sync with other image elements of the character 1211.

[0095] A set of multiple image elements can be used to form a composite image element. The authentication image can include multiple composite image elements. Additionally, for printing purposes, those image elements forming the composite image element can be separated into discrete color layers.

[0096] Using composite image elements in the authentication image can be used to prohibit unauthorized copying of the authentication image. In particular, home / office capture devices (e.g., scanners and smartphone cameras) typically capture colors separately, and when capturing, partial loss of the composite image element occurs in a specific color. Additionally, home / office capture devices typically employ a CMY-based method. CMY-based methods typically do not completely capture non-CMY images. Thus, in the case where the composite image element is formed in a non-CMY manner, this can be used to further prevent unauthorized copying of the authentication image. Figure 13 Shown is an example composite image element 1301. The composite image element 1301 is composed of a red layer image element 1303 and a green layer image element 1305. For ease of illustration, dark gray is used to show Figure 13 the red, and light gray is used to show Figure 13 the green. Figure 16 also shows a zoom 1307 of an authentication image including an instance of the composite image element 1301.

[0097] Moving to Figure 14 , it should be noted that a visible target can exhibit discrete contrast, such as the discrete contrast produced by the unprinted area of the visible target outlined by the printed area of the visible target. This discrete contrast can provide a visual component for a smartphone (or other camera device) running authorized software to assist in autofocusing, for example, when the capture device is very close to the authentication image including the visible target. Figure 14Shown is authentication image 1401, which includes such visible objects in the following forms: a) visible object 1403 located in and centered on authentication image 1401; and b) visible object 1405 located in and at the upper left corner of authentication image 1401. Then, zoom 1407 shows details of visible object 1405, and zoom 1409 shows details of visible object 1403.

[0098] As discussed, printing the authentication image via the custom font / character set method can allow variability when creating the authentication image. Using this method (e.g., in the case of using vector-based techniques when creating a custom font / character set) enables the generation of variable authentication images: a) using existing data files; b) across various low-resolution printing devices; and c) across various home / office imaging devices. Such existing data files can include: a) a font character library; and / or b) a library of visible objects pre-rendered in place (pre-RIP). Figure 15 Shown is zoom 1501 of an example authentication image printed using the custom font / character set method. In particular, within the authentication image, a composite image element 1505 of a single color (depicted here as cyan) is placed on a color palette area 1503 of a different color (described here as light magenta). For ease of illustration, dark gray is used to show Figure 15 the cyan in, and light gray is used to show Figure 15 the light magenta.

[0099] The authentication image can be placed within or near (e.g., adjacent to) a tracking and tracing element (such as a barcode, QR code, 2D code, or tracking and tracing text). Alternatively or additionally, the tracking and tracing element can be placed within the authentication image. The authentication image can be used to determine the authenticity of the tracking and tracing element. After being verified, the authentication image can allow access to the tracking and tracing system via the tracking and tracing element (such as a barcode). Thus, if the authentication image is invalid, access is not allowed. In particular, for example, if the authentication image scanned using a mobile phone application is valid, the tracking and tracing element can be considered correct. In some embodiments, a secondary tracking and tracing digital code can be further placed near the tracking and tracing element.

[0100] As an example, the width / spacing (and / or angle) of the image elements can be consistent throughout the authentication image. As another example, the width / spacing (and / or angle) of the image elements can exhibit a regular variability throughout the authentication image. In some embodiments, the smartphone application can decode this regular variability into one or more values (e.g., one or more spacing values). The smartphone application can use these one or more values to query a server (or other source) that maps these values to a secondary tracking and tracing digital code. The smartphone application can then compare the determined secondary tracking and tracing digital code with the secondary tracking and tracing digital code (e.g., the QR code under consideration) placed near the tracking and tracing element under consideration. In the case of a matching comparison, the smartphone application (or other software) can consider the tracking and tracing element under consideration to be appropriate. As an alternative, the smartphone application can present the determined secondary tracking and tracing digital code to the user.

[0101] Go to Figure 16 , which shows the QR code 1601 and the adjacent authentication image 1603 and secondary tracking and tracing digital code 1605. Figure 16 Also shown in is the QR code 1607 and the authentication image 1609 and secondary tracking and tracing digital code 1611 located therein.

[0102] In addition, the authentication image can be customized such that some of its parts are printed using a colorant that is invisible under normal light, while other parts are printed using a colorant that is visible under normal light. The parts can be latent images and / or composite image elements. Such a colorant that is invisible under normal light can be an ultraviolet or infrared colorant. By way of illustration, referring to Figure 17 , the authentication image 1701 can include one latent image 1703 printed using an invisible colorant and three latent images (not shown) printed using a visible colorant. Continuing the illustration, this type of authentication image can provide functionality for both consumer users and investigator users within a single authentication image. In particular, the consumer user can present the authentication image under normal light (e.g., for validity determination using a smartphone application). Under this normal light, the three latent images printed using the visible colorant can be exposed. In addition, the investigator user can present the authentication image, for example, under black light. In this way, the investigator user can access all four latent images.

[0103] By using these methods, various benefits can be obtained. Continuing the illustration, the normal light invisibility of the fourth latent image can result in it not being detected by consumer users, thereby preventing consumer users from attempting unauthorized copying of the authentication image. As another example, including latent images that are typically only accessible to investigator users can help assure investigator users of the validity of the authentication image.

[0104] In addition to printing the authentication image using a low-resolution printing device, laser ablation and / or laser engraving / etching methods can also be used to create the authentication image. Such laser ablation methods can include first printing a solid area using a black colorant. Subsequently, the solid area can be ablated by a laser to produce the authentication image. Such laser engraving / etching methods can include first printing a solid area using a white or transparent colorant. Subsequently, the solid area can be engraved / etched by a laser to produce the authentication image. Additionally, these ablation and / or engraving / etching methods can include generating one or more uncompensated and / or compensated print files consistent with the above discussion (e.g., taking into account the deficiencies and / or characteristics of the ablation and / or engraving / etching device). In this way, laser ablation and / or engraving / etching can provide an authentication image that on the one hand remains clean enough to be scanned (and / or scanned consistently) as valid, but on the other hand, if subjected to an unauthorized copying attempt, produces an authentication image that is not scanned (and / or scanned consistently) as valid.

[0105] Furthermore, colorants (e.g., printed by a low-resolution printing device) and laser ablation and / or engraving / etching can be used to generate the authentication image. Here, some image elements of the authentication image can be formed using colorants, while other image elements of the authentication image can be formed via a laser. In the case of using both the colorant method and the laser method, a certain portion (e.g., 50%) of the image elements can be generated using the colorant method, and a certain portion (e.g., 50%) of the image elements can be generated using the laser method. Additionally, the colorant-generated image elements can be consistent and / or variable. Similarly, the laser-generated image elements can be consistent and / or variable. Thus, by way of illustration only, an authentication image can be generated in which m% (e.g., m = 50%) of its image elements are colorant-generated and are consistent, and n% (e.g., n = 50%) of its image elements are laser-generated and are variable. By way of another illustration only, an authentication image can be generated in which m% (e.g., m = 50%) of its image elements are colorant-generated and are variable, and n% (e.g., n = 50%) of its image elements are laser-generated and are consistent. In various embodiments, when using both the colorant method and the laser method in authentication image generation, the Datalase / SUNlase process can be employed. Turning to Figure 18 , an example of the discussed laser ablation method is depicted. First, a solid area 1801 can be printed using a black colorant. Then, the solid area 1801 can be laser engraved / etched to produce the authentication image 1803.

[0106] In addition to using a printer or generating an authentication image using laser ablation or engraving / etching, a screen authentication image can be created. A smartphone (or other capture device) can be pointed at a display showing such a screen authentication image, and a validity determination can be made for the screen authentication image. Devices on which the screen authentication image can be displayed for validity determination purposes include laptop / desktop screens, TV screens, smartphone (or other mobile / smart device) screens, and barcode scanner screens. By way of illustration only, a screen authentication image can be displayed on a first smartphone, and a second smartphone can be pointed at the display of the first smartphone.

[0107] The generation of the screen authentication image can include, in a manner similar to that discussed above, generating one or more uncompensated and / or compensated virtual (e.g., pdf) print files. The generation of these virtual files can take into account the deficiencies and / or characteristics of the display device. Thus, a screen authentication image can be generated that, on the one hand, remains clean enough to scan (and / or scan consistently) as valid, but on the other hand, if subjected to an unauthorized copying attempt, results in an authentication image that does not scan (and / or scan consistently) as valid. By way of some examples only, like the authentication images generated using printing and / or ablation and / or engraving / etching methods, the screen authentication image can be used as a printing plate quality control (QC) image for printing images on a printing press and / or for products undergoing customs, distribution, brand inspection, and / or retail environment inspection.

[0108] Turning to Figure 19 , a depiction 1901 of a first example screen authentication image being displayed on a smartphone screen and a depiction 1903 of the first example screen authentication image being displayed on a laptop / desktop screen are shown. Figure 19 A depiction 1905 of a second example screen authentication image is also shown in

[0109] In addition, authentication images generated using printing and / or ablation and / or engraving / etching methods can be used in combination with the screen authentication image. By way of illustration only, it can be said that it is valid for a user to scan the following two images using a smartphone: a) an authentication image generated using printing and / or ablation and / or engraving / etching methods; and b) the screen authentication image. In addition, according to this illustration, the user can continue to make a determination of the authenticity of a sports memorabilia item in this way. Here, for example, an authentication image generated using printing and / or ablation and / or engraving / etching methods can be attached to the memorabilia item, and the screen authentication image can be provided to the user via a text message (or via a website to which the user is directed).

[0110] Turning to Figure 20, showing: a) a depiction 2001 of an example screen authentication image; b) a first example authentication image 2003 generated using printing and / or ablation and / or engraving / etching methods; and c) a second example authentication image 2005 generated using printing and / or ablation and / or engraving / etching methods.

[0111] Hardware and software

[0112] According to various embodiments, the various functions discussed herein may be performed by and / or with the assistance of one or more computers. By way of example only, such computers may be and / or include personal computers, servers, smartphones, systems-on-a-chip, and / or microcontrollers. In various embodiments, such computers may run Linux, MacOS, Windows, or other operating systems.

[0113] Such computers may also be and / or include one or more processors operatively connected to one or more memories or storage units, where the memories or storage devices may contain data, algorithms, and / or program code, and the processor or processors may execute the program code and / or manipulate the program code, data, and / or algorithms. Figure 21 An example computer that may be used in various embodiments of the present invention is shown. Example computer 2101 includes a system bus 2103 operatively connecting two processors 2105 and 2107, random access memory (RAM) 2109, read-only memory (ROM) 2111, input / output (I / O) interfaces 2113 and 2115, a storage device interface 2117, and a display interface 2119. The storage interface 2117 in turn connects to a mass storage device 2121. By way of example only, each of the I / O interfaces 2113 and 2115 may be a Universal Serial Bus (USB), Thunderbolt, Ethernet, Bluetooth, Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, IEEE 488, and / or other interface. By way of some possibilities, the mass storage device 2121 may be a flash drive, hard disk drive, optical disc drive, or storage chip. By way of example only, the processors 2105 and 2107 may each be a well-known processor, such as an ARM-based or x86-based processor. In various embodiments, the computer 2101 may include or be connected to a touch screen, mouse, and / or keyboard. The computer 2101 may additionally include or be attached to a card reader, DVD drive, floppy disk drive, hard disk drive, memory card, ROM, etc., whereby a medium containing program code (e.g., for performing the various operations described herein, etc.) may be inserted for loading the code onto the computer.

[0114] According to various embodiments of the present invention, a computer may run one or more software modules, which are designed to perform one or more of the above operations. Such modules may be programmed, for example, using Python, Java, JavaScript, Swift, C, C++, C#, and / or other languages. The corresponding program code may be placed on a medium (such as a DVD, CD-ROM, memory card, and / or floppy disk). Note that any indicated operation division between specific software modules is for illustrative purposes and alternative operation divisions may be employed. Thus, any operation indicated to be performed by one software module may alternatively be performed by multiple software modules. Similarly, any operation indicated to be performed by multiple modules may alternatively be performed by a single module. It should be noted that the operations indicated to be performed by a specific computer may alternatively be performed by multiple computers. It should also be noted that in various embodiments, peer-to-peer and / or grid computing techniques may be employed. Additionally, it should be noted that in various embodiments, remote communication between software modules may occur. Such remote communication may involve, for example, JavaScript Object Notation Remote Procedure Call (JSON-RPC), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Java Message Service (JMS), Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Remote Procedure Call (RPC), sockets, and / or pipes.

[0115] In addition, in various embodiments, the functions discussed herein may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, for example, via one or more integrated circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In various embodiments, a hardware description language (HDL) may be employed when instantiating the functions discussed herein. By way of example only, such an HDL may be Verilog or Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). More generally, various embodiments may be implemented using hardwired circuitry without or without software instructions. Thus, the functions discussed herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software, nor to any specific source of the instructions executed by a data processing system.

Claims

1. An authentication image, comprising: One or more latent images, where the latent images indicate authenticity; and One or more background images, where the background images work in combination with the latent images to prevent unauthorized copying of the authentication image, where generation of the authentication image utilizes knowledge of the characteristics of one or more of low-resolution printing devices or home / office devices; and where authorized software uses knowledge of the background images and knowledge of the latent images to produce one or more of the latent images from the authentication image.

2. The authentication image according to claim 1, further comprising one or more visible targets, wherein, The visible target(s) assist(s) in producing the latent image(s) from the authentication image, where the visible target(s) optionally assist(s) in one or more of glare detection or autofocus, or optionally are one or more within or adjacent to the authentication image.

3. The authentication image according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, Detection of the one or more visible targets utilizes contour extraction.

4. The authentication image according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, One or more of the latent images or the background images are customized using image elements, where the image elements optionally include one or more of lines, line segments, points, spots, or non-imaging regions.

5. The authentication image according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, A first quantity of image elements are arranged at a first angle and form the one or more background images, and where a second quantity of image elements are arranged at a second angle or near the second angle and form the one or more latent images.

6. The authentication image according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The authentication image is at least one of the following: printed via a custom font / character set method, associated with track and trace elements, where the authentication image represents the authenticity of the track and trace elements or a screen authentication image, and where validity determination can be made by pointing a device at a display showing the screen authentication image.

7. The authentication image according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The authentication image is a screen authentication image, where the screen authentication image is accompanied by an additional authentication image, where the additional authentication image is formed by one of printing, ablation, engraving, or etching, and where validity determination can be made by pointing a device at the additional authentication image and a display showing the screen authentication image.

8. A system, comprising: At least one processor; and A memory that stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to generate an authentication image according to claim 1.

9. A computer-implemented method, comprising: Generating, by a computing system, an uncompensated print file for an authentication image, where printing the uncompensated print file via a low-resolution printing device produces a print result that does not match the uncompensated print file; and Generating, by the computing system, a compensated print file for the authentication image from the uncompensated print file, where generation of the compensated print file utilizes the characteristics of a known low-resolution printing device, and where printing the compensated print file via the low-resolution printing device produces a print result that scans as a valid authentication image.

10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 9, wherein, Unauthorized copying of the authentication image print result results in at least one of the following: image loss occurring or not scanning as valid.

11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein, The authentication image is customized using at least one of the following: consistent or variable image elements; image elements having a print density that causes one or more of disappearance, distortion, or color shift in the event of unauthorized copying of the authentication image; or one or more composite image elements, where the composite image elements are separated into discrete color layers.

12. The computer-implemented method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, The generation of the compensated print file utilizes one or more compensation schemes.

13. The computer-implemented method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein, The compensated print file is generated using a custom font / character set method.

14. The computer-implemented method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein, A first portion of the authentication image is printed using a colorant that is invisible under normal light, and a second portion of the authentication image is printed using a colorant that is visible under normal light.

15. A system, comprising: At least one processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to perform the computer-implemented method according to claim 9.

Images