Cultivation method for improving acidic soil of greenhouse vegetable base based on rotation of morchella esculenta

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving acidic soil of a greenhouse vegetable base based on rotation of morchella esculenta, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting an acidification test plot of long-term continuous cropping vegetables, and detecting soil pH, conductivity, water-soluble salt and anion and cation concentration; (2) preparing a morchella sextelata strain and culturing the morchella sextelata strain until the inoculation bag is full of hyphae; (3) spreading strains on the surface of soil, and managing fruiting after earthing; and (4) after harvesting morchella esculenta, detecting soil indexes, and evaluating the acidification improvement effect. According to the method, the soil pH value is remarkably increased through rotation of the morchella esculenta, the conductivity and the water-soluble salt content are reduced, the anion-cation balance is adjusted, the soil acidification problem caused by long-term continuous cropping of a greenhouse vegetable base is relieved, and meanwhile the land utilization economic value is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation and soil improvement, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella. Background Art

[0002] The planting area of facility vegetables in China is vast, but continuous cropping for a long time has led to increasingly serious problems of soil acidification and salinization. According to statistics, due to the excessive application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers and saline fertilizers in facility vegetable bases, the content of water-soluble salts has accumulated significantly. Although traditional improvement measures such as applying lime and increasing organic fertilizers have certain effects, they have defects such as high cost, long cycle, and easy to cause secondary pollution. Although the rotation mode has been proved to relieve acidification by balancing nutrient utilization, the existing rotation crops (such as leguminous plants) have limited ability to regulate salts and relatively low economic added value.

[0003] Morchella ( Morchella sextelata ) as a high-value edible mushroom, its mycelium has unique metabolic characteristics. Research shows that Morchella can adsorb and fix excessive cations such as K⁺ and Na⁺ in the soil through the mycelial network, and at the same time secrete polysaccharide substances to promote the formation of soil aggregate structure and enhance the efficiency of salt leaching. In addition, the planting cycle of Morchella is short and the income is high, and it can form a seasonal complementarity with vegetable planting. However, there is no method in the existing technology to systematically improve acidified soil by rotating Morchella, especially the large-scale application in facility vegetable bases is still blank. Therefore, developing an innovative technology that combines the biological characteristics of Morchella and rotation cultivation is of great significance for solving the problem of soil acidification in facility vegetables. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a test plot in a facility vegetable base that has been continuously cropped with a single vegetable for a long time, and detect the pH value, conductivity, total water-soluble salts, and cation and anion concentrations of the soil; Step 2: Select Morchella sextelata strain and culture it in an inoculation bag until the mycelium fills the bag; Step 3: Knead and disperse the culture obtained in Step 2, evenly sprinkle it on the surface of the plowed soil, then cover the soil with 2 - 3 cm of soil, water it, and conduct mushroom fruiting management.

[0006] The preferred technical solution is as follows: in step 3, the exogenous nutrient package is placed 10 - 20 days after sowing; the raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient package includes: 55 - 65 parts by weight of wheat grains, 20 - 30 parts by weight of corncobs, 12 - 17 parts by weight of rice husks, and 0.5 - 1.5 parts by weight of calcium bicarbonate; 3 - 8 packages are placed per square meter.

[0007] The preferred technical solution is as follows: the culture medium formula in the inoculation bag: 58 - 63 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25 - 35 parts by weight of corncobs, 3 - 6 parts by weight of wheat bran, 2 - 4 parts by weight of corn flour, and 0.5 - 1.5 parts by weight of lime; the water content of the culture medium is 55 - 65%.

[0008] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are: The present invention significantly improves the soil pH value, reduces the electrical conductivity and water-soluble salt content, adjusts the anion-cation balance through the rotation of Morchella, alleviates the soil acidification problem caused by long-term continuous cropping in the facility vegetable base, and at the same time improves the economic value of land use. Specific embodiments

[0009] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this embodiment. The experimental materials used in the following embodiments are all obtained from conventional consumables and biochemical reagent stores without special instructions.

[0010] Example 1: A cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella A cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella includes the following steps: (1) Select a test plot in a facility vegetable base with long-term continuous cropping of a single vegetable, and detect the soil pH value, electrical conductivity, total water-soluble salt, and anion-cation concentration; (2) Select the Morchella sextelata Morchella sextelata species, and culture it in an inoculation bag until the mycelium fills the bag; (3) After kneading and dispersing the strain, evenly spread it on the surface of the plowed soil, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 - 3 cm, pour sufficient water, and carry out mushroom fruiting management; (4) After harvesting Morchella, detect the soil indexes again and analyze its improvement effect on acidic soil.

[0011] In step (3), it also includes placing an exogenous nutrient package, and the nutrient package is composed of 59 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25 parts by weight of corncobs, 15 parts by weight of rice husks, and 1 part by weight of calcium bicarbonate, and 5 packages are placed per square meter.

[0012] Example 2: A cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella A cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella esculenta, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a test plot in a facility vegetable base that has been continuously cropped with a single vegetable for a long time, and detect the pH value, electrical conductivity, total water-soluble salts, and cation and anion concentrations of the soil; through multi-point detection, the pH value of the uncultivated soil in the facility vegetable base is between 7.38 and 7.50, showing weak alkalinity, the soil moisture content is maintained between 18.13% and 19.12%, the soil electrical conductivity ranges from 156 to 164.3 μs / cm, the total water-soluble salt content is between 2.40 and 2.70 g / kg, and the soil K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ average concentrations are 15.62 mg / kg, 31.25 mg / kg, 77.94 mg / kg, and 16.49 mg / kg respectively, and the average concentrations of soil HCO3 - , Cl - and SO4 2- are 0.00305 mg / g, 0.0133 mg / g, and 0.933 mg / g respectively.

[0013] Step 2: Select Morchella esculenta strains and culture them in inoculation bags until the hyphae cover the bags; 58 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25 parts by weight of corncobs, 3 parts by weight of wheat bran, 2 parts by weight of corn flour, and 0.5 part by weight of lime; the water content of the culture medium is 55%.

[0014] Step 3: After kneading and dispersing the culture obtained in Step 2, evenly spread it on the surface of the plowed soil, then cover the soil with a layer of 2 - 3 cm, water it, and conduct mushroom fruiting management; after sowing Morchella esculenta, the hyphae begin to germinate. During the germination period of Morchella esculenta, measure the changes in soil temperature and humidity to maintain the suitable temperature and humidity requirements of the Morchella esculenta mycelium. Place exogenous nutrient bags 15 days after sowing. Use a knife to cut the sterilized exogenous nutrient bags and place them evenly and compactly so that the nutrient materials in the nutrient bags come into contact with the soil. After the primordia are formed, try to control the temperature between 8 - 20 °C during the fruiting body growth period. When the soil temperature is too high, ventilate in time and water appropriately to cool down to prevent the death of primordia due to excessive temperature. The raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient bag includes: 55 parts by weight of wheat grains, 20 parts by weight of corncobs, 12 parts by weight of rice husks, and 0.5 part by weight of calcium bicarbonate; place 3 bags per square meter.

[0015] After planting Morchella esculenta, the soil pH value rises to 6.35 - 6.42, the electrical conductivity drops to 575 - 613 μS / cm, and the total water-soluble salt content drops to 2.50 - 2.60 g / kg.

[0016] According to the method described in claim 1, characterized in that the changes in cation and anion concentrations include: The cations K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ decreased by 38.81%, 32.54%, 37.60%, and 37.05% respectively compared to the continuously cropped soil. The concentration of the anion HCO3⁻ increased by 1.2 times, and the concentration of Cl⁻ decreased by 12.95%.

[0017] Example 3: A cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella A cultivation method for improving acidic soil in a facility vegetable base based on the rotation of Morchella, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a test plot in a facility vegetable base that has been continuously cropped with a single vegetable for a long time, and detect the pH value, electrical conductivity, total water-soluble salts, and the concentrations of anions and cations in the soil. Step 2: Select Morchella sextelata strains and culture them in inoculation bags until the mycelium fills the bags. Step 3: Knead and disperse the culture obtained in Step 2, then evenly spread it on the surface of the plowed soil, cover it with 2 - 3 cm of soil, water it, and conduct mushroom fruiting management.

[0018] The preferred implementation is: in Step 3, place exogenous nutrient packages 10 days after sowing; the raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient packages includes: 65 parts by weight of wheat grains, 30 parts by weight of corncobs, 17 parts by weight of rice husks, and 1.5 parts by weight of calcium bicarbonate; 8 packages are placed per square meter.

[0019] The preferred implementation is: the culture medium formula in the inoculation bag: 63 parts by weight of wheat grains, 35 parts by weight of corncobs, 6 parts by weight of wheat bran, 4 parts by weight of corn flour, and 1.5 parts by weight of lime; the water content of the culture medium is 65%.

[0020] The pH values of the uncultivated soil, the soil continuously cropped with a single vegetable for a long time, and the soil after Morchella cultivation were measured respectively. The pH value of the uncultivated soil in the facility vegetable base was between 7.38 - 7.50, showing weak alkalinity. For the soil continuously cropped with a single vegetable for a long time, its pH value decreased significantly, ranging from 5.84 - 5.92, showing obvious acidification characteristics. After one season of Morchella cultivation, the soil pH value changed significantly compared to the continuously cropped soil (p < 0.05) and stabilized between 6.35 - 6.42. This indicates that Morchella cultivation can effectively adjust the pH of acidic soil and make it tend to be neutral.

[0021] The above are only preferred embodiments for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Therefore, any modification or change to the present invention made under the same inventive spirit should still be included within the scope intended to be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the acidic soil of a vegetable base based on crop rotation of morels, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select a test plot of a facility vegetable base where a single vegetable is grown continuously for a long time, and test the pH value, electrical conductivity, total water-soluble salt, and anion and cation concentrations of the soil; Step 2: Select the six-sister morel strain and culture it in an inoculation bag until the mycelium is fully grown; Step 3: Knead the culture obtained in step 2 and spread it evenly on the tilled soil surface, then cover it with 2-3 cm of soil, water it and manage the mushroom production.

2. The cultivation method of Morchella based on crop rotation to improve the acidic soil of facility vegetable base according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, an exogenous nutrient bag is placed 10-20 days after sowing; The raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient package includes: 55-65 parts by weight of wheat grains, 20-30 parts by weight of corn cobs, 12-17 parts by weight of rice husks, and 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of calcium bicarbonate; Place 3-8 packs per square meter.

3. The cultivation method of Morchella based on crop rotation to improve the acidic soil of facility vegetable base according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture medium formula in the inoculation bag: 58-63 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25-35 parts by weight of corn cobs, 3-6 parts by weight of bran, 2-4 parts by weight of corn flour, and 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of lime; the water content of the culture medium is 55-65%.