High-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and purple perilla

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting, and discloses a flue-cured tobacco and purple perilla intercropping high-yield planting method which comprises the following steps: step S1, soil preparation and soil improvement: waste mushroom dregs, high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder are added during soil preparation for acid regulation and ploughing, ridging specification: 15 days before transplanting, according to the requirements of'consistent orientation, consistent ridge height, consistent specification and benefit for drainage ', the row spacing is 2 m, the ridge height is 0.3 m, and the ridge height is 0.3 m; the width of the upper ridge is 0.3 m, the width of the lower ridge is 0.5 m, the ridge body is full, the ridge surface is flat, the ridge soil is fine, and the ditch surface is straight; re-applying base fertilizer: uniformly mixing matched compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and farmyard manure before ridging, fermenting, and uniformly applying in strips at one time; purple perilla is planted in wide rows, and tobacco leaves are planted in narrow rows in a ridging mode; s2, seedlings of purple perilla and flue-cured tobacco are cultivated respectively, purple perilla seedlings are transplanted in the first ten days of April, flue-cured tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the last ten days of April, and intercropping is conducted on the flue-cured tobacco and purple perilla; performing daily management on the flue-cured tobacco and the purple perilla; the tobacco leaves are harvested in the middle ten days of August, and the purple perilla is harvested in the first ten days of October. The planting method can effectively improve the yield of the flue-cured tobacco and the purple perilla.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting, and specifically to a high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.. Background Technique

[0002] At present, continuous monoculture of flue-cured tobacco has led to problems such as soil continuous cropping obstacles, increased incidence of diseases and pests, imbalance of soil microbial populations, decline in enzyme activity, soil fertility decline, and significant increase in problems such as crop yield reduction and quality degradation. Intercropping technology is a traditional agronomy in China, which can effectively utilize resources such as water, fertilizer, air and heat. On the basis of making full use of cultivation time and planting space, it centrally applies modern technology to achieve a planting mode that improves output value, benefit and production efficiency, and can effectively increase the yield rate. Depending on the complementary distribution in the planting space, the photosynthetic system efficiency increases, and on the basis of enhancing ventilation and light transmittance, intercropping flue-cured tobacco will have a certain promoting effect on the growth and development of tobacco plants.

[0003] Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. belongs to the Labiatae family and is an annual herb. It can be used for medicine and spices. It has functions such as sweating, analgesia, and detoxification when used as medicine, and the leaves can be used for food. Research shows that intercropping perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. with flue-cured tobacco can control the black shank and black root rot of flue-cured tobacco, improve the tobacco-growing soil environment, and reduce the occurrence of tobacco plant diseases and pests (see "Research on the Effects of Crop Rotation and Intercropping on the Growth Status, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco KRK26", Zhang Dezhi). The patent with the application number 201610694717.X discloses a method for controlling tobacco diseases and pests by intercropping flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.; intercropping flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. to control tobacco diseases and pests, combined with the effects of perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. such as aphid repellent and antibacterial, and using the mechanism of biodiversity to control tobacco diseases and pests by intercropping flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.. However, there is nutrient competition in the intercropping of flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.. How to control tobacco diseases and pests by intercropping flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., improve the quality of tobacco leaves and the proportion of top-grade tobacco, and at the same time increase the yields of flue-cured tobacco and perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. are problems that need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco with perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1, land preparation and soil improvement: When preparing the land, add waste mushroom residues, high-carbon base fertilizers, and oyster powder for acid adjustment and plowing, and ensure deep plowing and fine harrowing, with the soil being finely crushed. The plowed soil is left standing for later use. Among them: 20 - 30 kg / acre of high-carbon organic fertilizer; Ridging specifications: 15 days before transplanting, in accordance with the requirements of "consistent orientation, consistent ridge height, consistent specifications, and good drainage", the row spacing is 2 m, the ridge height is 0.3 m, the upper width is 0.3 m, the lower ridge width is 0.5 m, the ridge body is full, the ridge surface is flat, the ridge soil is finely crushed, and the ditch surface is straight; Apply heavy base fertilizer: Before ridging, mix the supporting compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and farmyard manure evenly and ferment them, and then apply them in one-time uniform strip application. Ridging in rainy days is strictly prohibited. Among them: 50 kg / acre of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), 40 kg / acre of decomposed cake fertilizer, 100 kg / acre of farmyard manure (25 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer); Plant in wide and narrow rows; Plant perilla in the wide row and raise ridges to plant tobacco leaves in the narrow row. The wide row is 1.5 m, and the narrow row is 0.5 m;

[0007] Step S2, raise seedlings for perilla and flue-cured tobacco respectively. Transplant perilla seedlings in early April and transplant flue-cured tobacco seedlings in late April for intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; Conduct daily management of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; Harvest tobacco leaves in mid-August and harvest perilla in early October.

[0008] Preferably: The perilla seedlings are raised in a seedling-raising greenhouse in early March, and a floating seedling-raising or seedbed seedling-raising method is used with a selected seedling-raising substrate. First, soak the perilla seeds in warm water at 40°C - 45°C for 15 - 30 min, remove the underdeveloped seeds floating on the water surface, fish out the plump seeds sinking in the water, and dry them in the sun; During the management of the seedling-raising period, the greenhouse should be covered and uncovered in a timely manner according to the temperature change and rainfall.

[0009] Preferably: When transplanting the perilla seedlings during the perilla seedling-raising process, the soil in the seedling bed should be moist and not sticky, and each hole should be 9 cm deep; When transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings, water 3.0 catties per plant.

[0010] Preferably: The intercropping method is to plant one row of perilla between every two rows of flue-cured tobacco; The row spacing between perilla and flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m; The plant spacing of flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m, and the plant spacing of perilla is 0.4 m.

[0011] Preferably: The management of the perilla seedling stage is specifically as follows: Remove weeds and conduct intertillage and soil loosening in cooperation with weeding; Water once every 15 days after transplanting with 1:500 or 1:1000 times decomposed human and animal manure water or 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. On the 30th day, apply 10 - 15 g of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer with a content of 15%:15%:15% per plant, and apply it together with intertillage and weeding. The fertilizer is evenly mixed into the soil, and the fertilization distance is 10 - 15 cm away from the plant.

[0012] Preferably: After the tobacco is harvested, the fertilizer and water management of perilla: After the upper tobacco leaves are harvested, remove weeds once, at the same time, carry out intertillage, and apply 15-20 g / plant of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a content of 15%:15%:15%. Apply the fertilizer by hole application and mix it with the soil and apply it into the soil; After all the tobacco leaves are harvested, spray dichlorvos and carbendazim once.

[0013] Preferably: The edible mushroom residue is selected from Morchella residue or Stropharia rugosoannulata residue. The particle size of the high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder is 100-200 mesh, and the dosage of the high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the edible mushroom residue.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] Before intercropping, the base fertilizer is applied in strips, and at the same time, the edible mushroom residue is mixed with the high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder and applied to the soil to be cultivated. After intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla, it can significantly improve the soil properties and improve the quality of tobacco leaves. It can not only control tobacco diseases and pests, but also improve the quality of tobacco leaves and the proportion of top-grade tobacco, significantly increase the yields of flue-cured tobacco and perilla, solve the problem of nutrient competition in the intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and perilla, and no other fertilizers need to be applied in the later stage of intercropping, reducing the planting cost. The intercropping method of flue-cured tobacco and perilla makes the chemical components in the flue-cured tobacco leaves more coordinated and balanced, significantly improving the quality of tobacco leaves; it can improve the average price of flue-cured tobacco, the proportion of top-grade tobacco and the comprehensive output value benefit of the tobacco field to varying degrees, and increase the income of tobacco farmers to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Please refer to Figure 1 , a high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step S1, land preparation and soil improvement: During land preparation, waste mushroom residues, high-carbon base fertilizers, and oyster powder are added for acid adjustment and plowing. Ensure deep plowing and fine harrowing, with the soil being finely crushed. The plowed soil is left standing for later use. Among them: 20 - 30 kg / acre of high-carbon organic fertilizer; Ridging specifications: 15 days before transplanting, in accordance with the requirements of "consistent orientation, consistent ridge height, consistent specifications, and good drainage", the row spacing is 2 m, the ridge height is 0.3 m, the upper width is 0.3 m, the lower ridge width is 0.5 m, the ridge body is full, the ridge surface is flat, the ridge soil is finely crushed, and the ditch surface is straight; Heavy application of base fertilizer: Before ridging, the supporting compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and farmyard manure are mixed and fermented and then uniformly applied in a single strip. Ridging during rainy days is strictly prohibited. Among them: 50 kg / acre of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), 40 kg / acre of decomposed cake fertilizer, 100 kg / acre of farmyard manure (25 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer); Wide and narrow row planting; Plant perilla in the wide row and plant tobacco in ridges in the narrow row. The wide row is 1.5 m and the narrow row is 0.5 m;

[0020] Step S2, separately raise seedlings for perilla and flue-cured tobacco. Transplant perilla seedlings in early April and transplant flue-cured tobacco seedlings in late April for intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; Conduct daily management of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; Harvest tobacco leaves in mid-August and harvest perilla in early October.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] A high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla, comprising the following steps:

[0023] Step S1, land preparation and soil improvement: During land preparation, waste mushroom residues, high-carbon base fertilizers, and oyster powder are added for acid adjustment and plowing. Ensure deep plowing and fine harrowing, with the soil being finely crushed. The plowed soil is left standing for later use. Among them: 20 - 30 kg / acre of high-carbon organic fertilizer; Ridging specifications: 15 days before transplanting, in accordance with the requirements of "consistent orientation, consistent ridge height, consistent specifications, and good drainage", the row spacing is 2 m, the ridge height is 0.3 m, the upper width is 0.3 m, the lower ridge width is 0.5 m, the ridge body is full, the ridge surface is flat, the ridge soil is finely crushed, and the ditch surface is straight; Heavy application of base fertilizer: Before ridging, the supporting compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and farmyard manure are mixed and fermented and then uniformly applied in a single strip. Ridging during rainy days is strictly prohibited. Among them: 50 kg / acre of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), 40 kg / acre of decomposed cake fertilizer, 100 kg / acre of farmyard manure (25 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer); Wide and narrow row planting; Plant perilla in the wide row and plant tobacco in ridges in the narrow row. The wide row is 1.5 m and the narrow row is 0.5 m;

[0024] Step S2, separately raise seedlings for perilla and flue-cured tobacco. Transplant perilla seedlings in early April and transplant flue-cured tobacco seedlings in late April for intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; Conduct daily management of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; Harvest tobacco leaves in mid-August and harvest perilla in early October.

[0025] Further, for perilla seedling raising, in early March, use a seedling-raising greenhouse and select a seedling-raising substrate for floating seedling raising or seedbed seedling raising. First, soak perilla seeds in warm water at 40°C - 45°C for 15 - 30 minutes, remove the underdeveloped seeds floating on the water surface, fish out the plump seeds sinking in the water, and dry them in the sun; during the management of the seedling-raising period, the shed should be covered and uncovered in a timely manner according to the temperature change and rainfall. When transplanting the seedlings during the perilla seedling-raising process, the soil in the seedbed should be moist and not sticky, and the depth of each hole is 9 cm; when transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings, water 3.0 catties per plant, and the intercropping method is to plant one row of perilla between every two rows of flue-cured tobacco; the row spacing between the perilla and the flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m; the plant spacing of the flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m, and the plant spacing of the perilla is 0.4 m. The management of the perilla seedling stage is specifically to pull out weeds and carry out intertillage and soil loosening in combination with weeding; water once every 15 days after transplanting with a 1:500 or 1:1000 times diluted solution of decomposed human and animal manure water or 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. On the 30th day, apply 10 - 15 g of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per plant, and apply it together with intertillage and weeding. The fertilizer is evenly mixed into the soil, and the fertilization distance is 10 - 15 cm away from the plant. After the flue-cured tobacco is harvested, the fertilizer and water management of the perilla: after the upper leaves are harvested, remove weeds once, carry out intertillage at the same time, and apply 15 - 20 g / plant of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, and apply the fertilizer by hole application and mix it with the soil; after all the tobacco leaves are harvested, spray dichlorvos and carbendazim once. The edible mushroom residue is selected from Morchella esculenta residue or Stropharia rugosoannulata residue, and the particle size of the high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder is 100 - 200 mesh, and the dosage of the high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder accounts for 1 - 5% of the mass of the edible mushroom residue.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] A high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla includes the following steps:

[0028] Step S1, land preparation and soil improvement: Add waste mushroom residue during land preparation for acid adjustment and plowing, and ensure deep plowing, fine harrowing, and fine soil fragmentation. Let the plowed soil stand for later use; Ridging specifications: 15 days before transplanting, in accordance with the requirements of "consistent orientation, consistent ridge height, consistent specifications, and good drainage", the row spacing is 2 m, the ridge height is 0.3 m, the upper width is 0.3 m, the lower ridge width is 0.5 m, the ridge body is full, the ridge surface is flat, the ridge soil is fine, and the ditch surface is straight; Apply heavy base fertilizer: Mix the supporting compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and farmyard manure evenly and ferment them before ridging, and then apply them evenly in a strip shape at one time. It is strictly prohibited to ridge in rainy days. Among them: 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), 40 kg / mu of decomposed cake fertilizer, 100 kg / mu of farmyard manure (25 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer); Planting in wide and narrow rows; Plant perilla in the wide row and plant tobacco leaves in the narrow row with ridging. The wide row is 1.5 m, and the narrow row is 0.5 m;

[0029] Step S2, raising seedlings of perilla and flue-cured tobacco separately, transplanting perilla seedlings in early April, transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings in late April, intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla; performing daily management of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; harvesting tobacco leaves in mid-August, and harvesting perilla in early October.

[0030] Furthermore, perilla seedlings are raised in a seedling greenhouse in early March, and seedling substrates are selected for floating seedlings or seedbed seedlings. Perilla seeds are first soaked in 40℃-45℃ warm water for 15-30min, the unfull seeds floating on the water surface are removed, the full seeds sunk in the water are fished out, and dried in the sun; during the seedling management process, the greenhouse should be covered and uncovered in time according to temperature changes and rainfall. When transplanting perilla seedlings, the soil in the seedling bed needs to be moist and not sticky, and each hole is 9cm deep; when transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings, water 3.0 catties / tree, and the intercropping method is to plant a row of perilla between every two rows of flue-cured tobacco; the row spacing between perilla and flue-cured tobacco is 0.5m; the plant spacing of flue-cured tobacco is 0.5m, and the plant spacing of perilla is 0.4m. The specific management of perilla seedlings is to pull out Remove weeds and carry out inter-row cultivation and loosening of the soil in conjunction with weeding; irrigate once every 15 days after transplanting with 1:500 or 1:1000 times of decomposed human and animal manure or 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; on the 30th day, apply 10-15g of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to each plant, and apply it together with inter-row cultivation and weeding. Mix the fertilizer evenly into the soil at a distance of 10-15cm from the plant. Fertilizer and water management of perilla after tobacco harvest: After the upper tobacco leaves are harvested, remove weeds once, carry out inter-row cultivation at the same time, and apply 15-20g / plant of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and apply the fertilizer to the soil by hole application; after all the tobacco leaves are harvested, spray dichlorvos and carbendazim once.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] A high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step S1, land preparation and soil improvement: when preparing the land, add high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder to adjust the acidity and plow the land, and ensure deep plowing, fine harrowing, and fine soil crushing. The plowed soil is left to rest for use, including: 20-30kg / mu of high-carbon organic fertilizer; Ridge specifications: 15 days before transplanting, according to the requirements of "consistent direction, consistent ridge height, consistent specifications, and conducive to drainage", the row spacing is 2m, the ridge body height is 0.3m, the upper width is 0.3m, the lower ridge width is 0.5m, the ridge body is full, and the ridge surface is flat The soil in the ridges should be finely broken and the ditch surface should be straight. Apply base fertilizer heavily: before ridge making, mix and ferment the supporting compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and farmyard manure and apply them evenly in one go. Ridging on rainy days is strictly prohibited. Compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 50kg / mu, decomposed cake fertilizer 40kg / mu, farmyard manure 100kg / mu (calcium magnesium phosphate 25kg / mu); Planting in wide and narrow rows: Plant basil in wide rows and plant tobacco in narrow rows, with a wide row of 1.5m and a narrow row of 0.5m.

[0034] Step S2: Raise seedlings of perilla and flue-cured tobacco separately. Transplant perilla seedlings in early April and flue-cured tobacco seedlings in late April for intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and perilla. Conduct daily management on flue-cured tobacco and perilla. Harvest tobacco leaves in mid-August and perilla in early October.

[0035] Further, for perilla seedling raising, use a seedling-raising greenhouse in early March, and select a seedling-raising substrate for floating seedling raising or seedbed seedling raising. First, soak perilla seeds in warm water at 40°C - 45°C for 15 - 30 minutes, remove the underdeveloped seeds floating on the water surface, fish out the plump seeds sinking in the water, and dry them in the sun. During the management process of the seedling-raising period, cover and uncover the greenhouse in a timely manner according to temperature changes and rainfall. When transplanting perilla seedlings during the seedling-raising process, the soil in the seedbed should be moist and not sticky, and the depth of each hole should be 9 cm. When transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings, water 3.0 catties per plant. The intercropping method is to plant one row of perilla between every two rows of flue-cured tobacco. The row spacing between perilla and flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m. The plant spacing of flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m, and the plant spacing of perilla is 0.4 m. The management of perilla during the seedling stage is specifically to remove weeds and conduct intertillage and soil loosening in combination with weeding. Water with 1:500 or 1:1000 times of decomposed human and animal manure water or 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 15 days after transplantation. Apply 10 - 15 g of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per plant on the 30th day, and apply it together with intertillage and weeding, evenly mixing the fertilizer into the soil. The fertilization distance is 10 - 15 cm away from the plant. After the tobacco is harvested, the fertilizer and water management of perilla: After the upper tobacco leaves are harvested, remove weeds once, conduct intertillage at the same time, and apply 15 - 20 g / plant of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, applying the fertilizer by hole application and mixing it with the soil. After all the tobacco leaves are harvested, spray dichlorvos and carbendazim once. The particle size of high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder is 100 - 200 mesh, and the dosage of high-carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder accounts for 1 - 5% of the mass of edible mushroom residue.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] A high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Step S1, land preparation and soil improvement: When preparing the land, add high-carbon base fertilizer to adjust the acidity and then plow, ensuring deep and fine plowing and finely crushed soil. Let the plowed soil stand by. Among them: 20 - 30 kg of high-carbon organic fertilizer per mu; ridging specifications: 15 days before transplanting, in accordance with the requirements of "consistent orientation, consistent ridge height, consistent specifications, and good drainage", the row spacing is 2 m, the ridge height is 0.3 m, the upper width is 0.3 m, the lower ridge width is 0.5 m, the ridge body is plump, the ridge surface is flat, the ridge soil is finely crushed, and the ditch surface is straight; apply heavy base fertilizer: Before ridging, mix the supporting compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and farmyard manure evenly and ferment them, and then apply them in a one-time uniform band application. It is strictly prohibited to ridge in rainy days. Among them: 50 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) per mu, 40 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per mu, 100 kg of farmyard manure per mu (25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu); wide and narrow row planting; plant perilla in the wide row and ridge tobacco in the narrow row, the wide row is 1.5 m, and the narrow row is 0.5 m;

[0039] Step S2, raise seedlings for perilla and flue-cured tobacco respectively. Transplant perilla seedlings in early April and transplant flue-cured tobacco seedlings in late April for intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; conduct daily management of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; harvest tobacco leaves in mid-August and harvest perilla in early October.

[0040] Furthermore, for perilla seedling raising, use a seedling raising greenhouse in early March and select a seedling raising substrate for floating seedling raising or seedbed seedling raising. First, soak perilla seeds in warm water at 40°C - 45°C for 15 - 30 min, remove the underdeveloped seeds floating on the water surface, fish out the plump seeds sinking in the water, and dry them in the sun; during the management process of the seedling raising period, cover and uncover the shed in a timely manner according to the temperature change and rainfall. When transplanting the perilla seedlings during the seedling raising process, the soil in the seedbed should be moist and not sticky, and the depth of each hole is 9 cm; when transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings, water 3.0 catties per plant. The intercropping method is to plant one row of perilla between every two rows of flue-cured tobacco; the row spacing between the perilla and the flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m; the plant spacing of the flue-cured tobacco is 0.5 m, and the plant spacing of the perilla is 0.4 m. The management of the perilla at the seedling stage is specifically to remove weeds and loosen the soil by intertillage in combination with weeding; water once with 1:500 or 1:1000 times of decomposed human and animal manure water or 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 days after transplanting, and apply 10 - 15 g of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per plant on the 30th day, and apply it together with intertillage and weeding, and evenly mix the fertilizer into the soil. The fertilization distance is 10 - 15 cm away from the plant. After the tobacco is harvested, the fertilizer and water management of the perilla: After the upper tobacco leaves are harvested, remove weeds once, and at the same time conduct intertillage and apply 15 - 20 g / plant of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, and apply the fertilizer by hole application and mix it with the soil; after all the tobacco leaves are harvested, spray dichlorvos and carbendazim once. The particle size of the high-carbon base fertilizer is 100 - 200 mesh, and the dosage of the high-carbon base fertilizer accounts for 1 - 5% of the mass of the edible mushroom residue.

[0041] The contents of some chemical components and the quality of the tobacco leaves harvested in Examples 1 - 4 were detected. The obtained results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Among them, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in the tobacco leaves were determined by the method specified in "YC / T 159 - 2002 Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Determination of Water - soluble Sugars - Continuous - flow Method"; the nicotine content was determined by the method specified in "YC / T 160 - 2002 Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Determination of Total Alkaloids - Continuous - flow Method"; the total nitrogen content was determined by the method specified in "YC / T 161 - 2002 Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Determination of Total Nitrogen - Continuous - flow Method"; the potassium content was determined by the method specified in "YC / T 217 - 2007 Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Determination of Potassium - Continuous - flow Method".

[0042] As can be seen from Table 1, by measuring the cured tobacco leaves, it was found that in Examples 1 - 4, the planting method in Example 1 changed the contents of some chemical components in the tobacco leaves. For example, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar increased, the total nitrogen content decreased, and the nicotine content increased, etc.; as can be seen from Table 2, the proportion of high - grade tobacco in the overall quality of tobacco leaves was significantly increased in the planting methods of Examples 1 - 2. Compared with direct intercropping of flue - cured tobacco and perilla, and separately adding mushroom residue or high - carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder, the planting method in Example 1 can significantly improve the soil properties and the quality of tobacco leaves, resulting in a substantial increase in the yields and output values of both tobacco leaves and perilla. This shows that adding mushroom residue, high - carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder can synergistically improve the quality of flue - cured tobacco and synergistically increase the proportion of high - grade tobacco.

[0043] In the present invention, the base fertilizer is applied in a band before intercropping, and at the same time, the edible mushroom residue is mixed with the high - carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder and applied to the soil to be cultivated. After intercropping flue - cured tobacco and perilla, it can significantly improve the soil properties and the quality of tobacco leaves. It can not only control tobacco diseases and pests, but also improve the quality of tobacco leaves and the proportion of high - grade tobacco, and significantly increase the yields of flue - cured tobacco and perilla, solving the problem of nutrient competition in the intercropping of flue - cured tobacco and perilla. No other fertilizers need to be applied in the later stage of intercropping, reducing the planting cost. The intercropping method of flue - cured tobacco and perilla makes the chemical components in the cured tobacco leaves more coordinated and balanced, significantly improving the quality of tobacco leaves; it can improve the average price of flue - cured tobacco, the proportion of high - grade tobacco and the comprehensive output value benefit of the tobacco field to different degrees, and increase the income of tobacco farmers to a certain extent.

[0044] Table 1 Chemical Components in Tobacco Leaves

[0045] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Total sugar % 22.11 20.65 18.56 18.23 Nicotine % 1.89 2.11 2.21 2.35 Potassium % 2.65 2.31 2.10 2.05 Nitrogen % 1.92 1.96 1.99 2.15

[0046] Table 2 Proportion of High - grade Tobacco

[0047] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Proportion of top-grade tobacco % 72 68 66 59

[0048] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-yield planting method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, land preparation and soil improvement: when preparing the land, add waste fungus residue, high carbon base fertilizer, oyster powder to adjust the acidity and plow the land, and ensure deep plowing, fine harrowing, and fine soil crushing. The plowed soil is left to stand for use, including: 20-30kg / mu of high carbon organic fertilizer; ridge making specifications: 15 days before transplanting, according to the requirements of "consistent direction, consistent ridge height, consistent specifications, and conducive to drainage", row spacing 2m, ridge height 0.3m, upper width 0.3m, lower ridge width 0.5m, ridge body full, ridge The surface is flat, the ridge soil is finely broken, and the ditch surface is straight; heavy base fertilizer is applied: before ridge making, the supporting compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and farmyard manure are mixed and fermented, and then applied evenly in one go. Ridging on rainy days is strictly prohibited, including: compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 50kg / mu, decomposed cake fertilizer 40kg / mu, farmyard manure 100kg / mu (calcium magnesium phosphate 25kg / mu); wide and narrow row planting; wide rows are planted with perilla, and narrow rows are planted with tobacco leaves, with a wide row of 1.5m and a narrow row of 0.5m; Step S2, raising seedlings of perilla and flue-cured tobacco separately, transplanting perilla seedlings in early April, transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings in late April, intercropping flue-cured tobacco and perilla; performing daily management of flue-cured tobacco and perilla; harvesting tobacco leaves in mid-August, and harvesting perilla in early October.

2. The high-yield planting method of flue-cured tobacco and perilla intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perilla seedlings are raised in a seedling greenhouse in early March, and a seedling medium is selected for floating seedling raising or seedbed seedling raising. The perilla seeds are first soaked in 40℃-45℃ warm water for 15-30min, the incomplete seeds floating on the water surface are removed, the full seeds sunk in the water are fished out, and dried in the sun; during the seedling management process, the greenhouse should be covered and uncovered in time according to temperature changes and rainfall.

3. The high-yield planting method of flue-cured tobacco and perilla intercropping according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the perilla seedling raising process, when the seedlings are transplanted, the soil in the seedling bed needs to be moist and non-sticky, and each hole is 9 cm deep; when the flue-cured tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 3.0 catties of water is applied per tree.

4. The high-yield planting method of flue-cured tobacco and perilla intercropping according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intercropping method is to plant a row of perilla between every two rows of flue-cured tobacco; the row spacing between perilla and flue-cured tobacco is 0.5m; the plant spacing between flue-cured tobacco is 0.5m, and the plant spacing between perilla is 0.4m.

5. The high-yield planting method of flue-cured tobacco and perilla intercropping according to claim 4, characterized in that: The management of the perilla seedlings is specifically as follows: pulling out weeds, and performing inter-row cultivation and loosening the soil in conjunction with weeding; watering once every 15 days after transplanting with 1:500 or 1:1000 times of decomposed human and animal manure or 0.2% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and applying 10-15g of a 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to each plant on the 30th day, and applying it together with inter-row cultivation and weeding, mixing the fertilizer evenly into the soil, and applying the fertilizer at a distance of 10-15cm from the plant.

6. The high-yield planting method of flue-cured tobacco and perilla intercropping according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilizer and water management of perilla after tobacco harvesting is as follows: after the upper tobacco leaves are harvested, weeds are removed once, inter-cultivation is carried out at the same time, and 15-20g / plant of 15%:15%:15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer is mixed with soil and applied into the soil by hole application; after all the tobacco leaves are harvested, dichlorvos and carbendazim are sprayed once.

7. The high-yield planting method of flue-cured tobacco and perilla intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: The edible fungus residue is selected from morel residue or stropharia residue, the particle size of high carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder is 100-200 mesh, and the dosage of high carbon base fertilizer and oyster powder accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the edible fungus residue.

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