Node complementary wireless networking communication system applied to urban rail transit power supply management system

Abstract

The invention relates to a node complementation wireless networking communication system applied to an urban rail transit power management system, and aims to solve the problems that a traditional wired communication mode is complex in wiring and poor in expansibility, and a conventional wireless technology is insufficient in reliability in a complex electromagnetic environment of rail transit. According to the system, a wireless communication network with self-organizing and self-repairing characteristics is constructed through an innovative distributed network architecture and an intelligent routing technology, and the system can adapt to communication requirements in a special environment of rail transit. The system mainly comprises five functional modules: a network topology management module adopts a distributed self-organizing architecture, realizes automatic discovery and dynamic networking of nodes, and supports role conversion and elastic expansion; the intelligent routing optimization module adopts an improved dynamic routing algorithm to realize multi-path transmission and self-adaptive modulation, so that the anti-interference capability is remarkably improved; the protocol adaptation conversion module performs wireless optimization on industrial protocols such as Modbus, supports multi-protocol conversion, and solves the problem of equipment compatibility; the network self-healing module provides rapid fault detection and switching capability within 50ms, and ensures the service continuity; the safety management module realizes bidirectional authentication and end-to-end encryption, and meets the high safety requirement of rail transit. In a word, the system remarkably improves the communication reliability of the urban rail transit power supply management system, reduces the construction and maintenance cost, and provides reliable technical support for intelligent operation and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a node complementary wireless networking communication system applied to the power management system of urban rail transit. In the construction of modern urban rail transit, the intelligent management and reliable communication of the power supply system have become the key links to ensure operation safety. The node complementary wireless networking communication technology aims to use distributed networking and intelligent routing technologies to build a highly reliable and low-latency wireless communication network, realize real-time monitoring and intelligent control of power equipment, especially the communication technology related to remote monitoring, fault warning and intelligent operation and maintenance of the rail transit power supply system. By solving the problems such as scattered layout of power equipment, inconsistent interfaces and difficult management in the power management system, the present invention can significantly improve the operation and maintenance efficiency and reliability of the rail transit power system. This technical field mainly covers industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), wireless sensor network (WSN), distributed communication protocol, network self-healing technology and intelligent routing algorithm, etc. Background Art

[0002] The node complementary wireless networking communication system is a network architecture that uses distributed networking and intelligent routing technologies to achieve reliable communication between devices. Its emergence has solved problems such as complex wiring and poor scalability through a distributed networking architecture, intelligent routing and network self-healing functions. The following is the background art related to this invention:

[0003] Traditional rail transit power management systems mainly adopt wired communication methods such as RS-485. Although this solution has high reliability, it has problems such as large wiring work volume and difficult line maintenance in practical applications. Especially in environments with limited space such as subway stations, the wiring difficulty and cost increase significantly. At the same time, power equipment is widely distributed and there are many nodes, and it is difficult for the power management system to achieve real-time monitoring and intelligent operation and maintenance. The existing communication systems lack sufficient flexibility and scalability and cannot meet the rapidly growing rail transit demands. Existing literature and technologies have proposed some methods to solve these problems, but still cannot effectively overcome the wiring problems and operation and maintenance difficulties in large-scale and complex environments. For example, Patent US10259478B1 proposes a train control system based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Although it optimizes the control efficiency of the train, it fails to solve the problem of real-time communication of device nodes in the power management system.

[0004] With the development of wireless communication technology, wireless technologies such as 4G / 5G and Wi-Fi have been tried in industrial control systems. Although these technologies solve the wiring problem, in the complex electromagnetic environment of rail transit, there are problems such as serious signal interference and insufficient communication reliability, making it difficult to meet the high requirements of the power management system for communication quality. To ensure the reliability and real-time performance of the power management system, although several wireless communication solutions have been proposed in the existing technologies, they still fail to effectively address problems such as high interference and high-density device layout in the rail transit environment. The wireless train management system proposed in Patent US10518790B2 faces challenges in wireless communication that the stability of its power management system cannot fully adapt to the high-density signal interference environment, resulting in a reduction in communication quality. Therefore, the existing wireless technologies fail to fully meet the high reliability and real-time requirements of the rail transit power management system.

[0005] Due to the wide distribution range and large number of nodes of rail transit power equipment, network topology design and routing optimization have become key technologies for building a reliable communication network. Traditional star or tree network structures are prone to large-area communication interruptions in case of node failures and lack effective self-healing capabilities. Although the existing wireless mesh network technology provides a certain degree of redundancy, it lacks an effective self-healing mechanism when dealing with unstable inter-node communication and cannot guarantee the continuous operation of the system. For example, the wireless power management method proposed in Patent US10609620B2, although optimizing multi-hop communication to a certain extent, still has the problem of communication interruption in case of node failures in the power management system. The present invention combines intelligent routing and network self-healing technologies, can automatically switch to a backup link in case of node failures, ensures uninterrupted communication, and improves the stability and self-healing capabilities of the power management system.

[0006] In addition to the basic communication function, the power management system also needs to support functions such as real-time monitoring of device status and rapid fault location. This requires the communication system to not only ensure the reliability of data transmission but also have the characteristics of low latency and high concurrency to meet the needs of real-time monitoring. Existing wireless technologies still face problems of excessive latency and insufficient bandwidth when dealing with high-concurrency device monitoring. Although some technologies attempt to improve real-time performance by enhancing bandwidth, due to the limitations of the wireless environment, the signal transmission delay and the bandwidth bottleneck caused by the increase in the number of concurrent devices still cannot be solved. For example, the wireless train management system proposed in Patent US10518790B2, although achieving multi-device communication, fails to fully address the low-latency and high-concurrency requirements in complex environments. The present invention ensures low-latency real-time data transmission in case of high concurrency through the network self-healing module and intelligent routing optimization module, and optimizes the monitoring capabilities of the power management system through an efficient fault detection and location mechanism.

[0007] The adaptation and optimization of industrial communication protocols are crucial for system performance. Although industrial protocols such as Modbus perform well in traditional systems, in a wireless environment, due to the influence of channel characteristics, bit error rate, and data transmission delay, the reliability of the Modbus protocol in wireless communication is significantly reduced. Although existing technologies have optimized the Modbus protocol in a wireless environment, they still fail to solve the problems of bit error rate and transmission efficiency brought by wireless communication. For example, although the system proposed in Patent US10259478B1 improved the transmission method of the Modbus protocol, its optimization effect is still insufficient in an actual high-interference environment. Through a protocol optimization component, the present invention optimizes the Modbus protocol according to the characteristics of the wireless channel and supports multi-protocol compatibility to ensure efficient interconnection between power supply devices and reliable data transmission.

[0008] Network security management is also an important consideration in rail transit communication systems. As a critical infrastructure, the communication system of rail transit needs to have a strong security protection mechanism to prevent unauthorized access and data tampering. Although existing wireless communication technologies such as 4G and Wi-Fi provide encryption mechanisms in terms of security, there are still potential risks of data leakage and attacks in the high-risk rail transit system. For example, although the wireless train management system proposed in Patent US10518790B2 considered security to a certain extent, it failed to fully solve the problems of data protection and attack defense in the rail transit system. Through security technologies such as two-way authentication and end-to-end encryption, the present invention comprehensively improves the security of the system and effectively avoids the risks of data tampering and unauthorized access.

[0009] In summary, there are still many limitations in existing technologies when dealing with communication problems in rail transit power management systems, including signal interference, low latency requirements, difficulty in real-time monitoring, and protocol adaptation problems. Therefore, the node-complementary wireless networking communication system proposed in the present invention provides a highly reliable and easily expandable solution for the rail transit power management system through technological innovations such as a distributed networking architecture, intelligent routing algorithms, protocol optimization, network self-healing, and security management, significantly improving the stability, flexibility, and security of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention provides a node complementary wireless networking communication system applied to the power management system of urban rail transit. Through an innovative distributed network architecture and intelligent routing technology, this system achieves high-reliability and low-latency communication among power equipment. The core of the system lies in constructing a wireless communication network with self-organizing and self-healing characteristics, which can adapt to the communication requirements in the complex environment of rail transit, especially solving problems such as scattered arrangement of power equipment, inconsistent interfaces, and difficult management. The present invention combines digital twin and cyber-physical information mechanism to optimize the fault warning and intelligent operation and maintenance functions, which can improve the efficiency and security of the power management system. Specifically, the system mainly includes the following five modules: network topology management module, intelligent routing optimization module, protocol adaptation and conversion module, network self-healing module, and security management module.

[0011] The network topology management module is the core control unit of the system, responsible for network construction and maintenance. Through the node automatic discovery and registration function, this module automatically identifies new nodes in the network and completes identity authentication and network registration by using the broadcast and response mechanism. Nodes can achieve automatic access without manual intervention and optimize the topology structure in real time according to network changes, ensuring the flexibility and scalability of the system. Topology optimization is dynamically adjusted through link quality assessment algorithms or path optimization algorithms and optimized based on link weights and node loads. In addition, the load balancing component realizes intelligent distribution of network traffic through traffic monitoring and prediction algorithms, automatically identifies network congestion nodes and dynamically adjusts data transmission paths to ensure the optimal overall performance of the network. The network status monitoring component continuously collects the operation status data of each node to provide real-time support for network optimization decisions. The evaluation of link quality is carried out through the following formula:

[0012] Where: is the signal strength of the link; is the link delay; is the link loss; is the weight factor.

[0013] The optimization objective of load balancing can be expressed by the following formula:

[0014] Where: is the traffic of the i-th node; is the maximum load capacity of this node; N is the total number of nodes in the system.

[0015] The shortest path selection is expressed by the following formula:

[0016] Where: From the source node To the target node The shortest path delay, Is a node and The weight of the link between them.

[0017] The intelligent routing optimization module is responsible for the selection and optimization of data transmission paths. The module uses a dynamic routing algorithm to comprehensively consider factors such as link quality, latency, and node load, and calculates the optimal transmission path in real time to ensure efficient data transmission and the system's anti-interference ability. This module especially optimizes the routing efficiency under the linear topology of rail transit. Through multi-path transmission components, key data can be redundantly transmitted through parallel paths, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission. The optimization goal of multi-path transmission can be expressed by the following formula:

[0018] in: is the total transmission rate, M is the number of paths, is the transmission rate of the kth path.

[0019] In addition, the adaptive modulation component dynamically adjusts the modulation mode and transmission rate according to the channel conditions to ensure optimal communication performance in complex electromagnetic environments. The modulation scheme selection can be optimized by the following formula:

[0020] Among them: SNR represents signal-to-noise ratio; QAM represents the modulation scheme.

[0021] The protocol adaptation conversion module realizes the compatibility and conversion of different communication protocols, especially optimizes the Modbus protocol to adapt to the characteristics of the wireless environment. This module improves the reliability of the protocol in the wireless environment by adding data compression, error checking and retransmission mechanisms. The optimization of the data compression ratio can be expressed by the following formula:

[0022] in: is the original data volume; The protocol conversion gateway supports the conversion of multiple industrial protocols to ensure the interconnection between devices from different manufacturers. The protocol conversion process can realize the configuration of automatic mapping rules through the protocol description language (PDL).

[0023] The network self-healing module ensures that the system can continue to operate in the event of a failure. This module monitors the health of the network in real time through heartbeat detection, packet retransmission, etc., uses machine learning algorithms to identify potential failure modes, and provides early warnings. The probability of fault detection can be represented by the following model:

[0024] Wherein: represents the probability of a fault occurring, represents the node state, is the signal quality, is the error rate. The path switching component can automatically enable the backup path when a link fails, ensuring that the data transmission is not interrupted, and the switching time is controlled within 50 milliseconds. The optimization of the path switching time can be expressed by the following formula: Where, represents the probability of a fault occurring, represents the node state, is the signal quality, and is the error rate. The path switching component can automatically enable the backup path when a link fails, ensuring that the data transmission is not interrupted, and the switching time is controlled within 50 milliseconds. The optimization of the path switching time can be expressed by the following formula: Where, represents the probability of a fault occurring, represents the node state, is the signal quality, and is the error rate. The path switching component can automatically enable the backup path when a link fails, ensuring that the data transmission is not interrupted, and the switching time is controlled within 50 milliseconds. The optimization of the path switching time can be expressed by the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Wherein: is the time required for fault detection and link switching, represents the set of links where a fault occurs.

[0027] The security management module provides comprehensive security protection for the system. This module ensures that only authorized devices can access the network through a two-way authentication mechanism, and uses a strong authentication method based on certificates and pre-shared keys for identity verification. The authentication process is implemented through the following security model:

[0028] Wherein: is the authentication information, M is the authentication message, and K is the encryption key. The data encryption component performs end-to-end encryption on all transmitted data, using strong encryption algorithms such as AES-256 to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data, and prevent data leakage and tampering. The encryption process can be expressed by the following formula:

[0029] Wherein: M is the original data, K is the encryption key, represents the encryption operation. When decrypting, the corresponding key K′ is used to decrypt the data:

[0030] Wherein, M is the original data, K′ is the encryption key, represents the decryption operation. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the improvement effect. Detailed Implementation Manner

[0032] The present invention provides a node complementary wireless networking communication system applied to an urban rail transit power management system, including a network topology management module, an intelligent routing optimization module, a protocol adaptation and conversion module, a network self-healing module, and a security management module, realizing high-reliability and low-latency communication between power equipment. The system adopts a hybrid networking architecture of "wired backbone + wireless node complementarity". A pure wireless node complementary network is deployed in the station area, and 2 - 3 redundant master nodes are configured in each power distribution room. An ad-hoc network is established between equipment rooms through 4G DTUs, supporting automatic discovery of new devices and intelligent networking. In the tunnel section, a combination of a fiber optic backbone network and wireless node complementarity is adopted. Fiber optic access points are set every 500 - 800 meters, and 3 - 4 complementary wireless nodes are deployed between adjacent access points. Key devices adopt dual-mode communication. Special areas are configured with dedicated solutions according to actual situations: fiber optic repeaters and complementary relay nodes are deployed in signal blind areas, dedicated frequency bands and anti-interference modulation are used in high-interference areas, and waterproof communication devices are used in flood control areas.

[0033] The intelligent routing optimization module implements a differential communication strategy. In the station area, it completely relies on the node complementary wireless network, adopts multi-hop ad-hoc network technology, and supports dynamic routing and load balancing. In the tunnel section, the fiber optic backbone network is preferentially used under normal conditions and automatically switches to the wireless complementary network in case of a fault. Key data adopts dual-channel redundant transmission. The transition area realizes seamless switching between wired and wireless, supports automatic protocol conversion, and ensures service continuity. The system dynamically optimizes the network topology based on the node complementary algorithm by real-time monitoring the signal strength, bit error rate, and load status of each node, ensuring that key data in the power management system is always transmitted along the optimal path.

[0034] The protocol adaptation and conversion module is optimized for different communication media. Wired communication uses the standard Modbus TCP protocol, supports standard protocols such as IEC61850, and realizes high-speed and reliable transmission. Wireless communication uses the optimized Modbus / WS protocol, adds a node complementary instruction set, and supports data compression and retransmission. The seamless connection between wired and wireless protocols is achieved through an intelligent protocol conversion gateway to ensure service quality.

[0035] The network self-healing module provides multiple guarantees based on the node complementarity principle. Each wireless node is configured with 2-3 complementary nodes, supporting automatic fault detection and switching to ensure that single-point failures do not affect communication. The network self-healing module monitors the operating status of nodes in real time (such as signal strength, battery power, etc.). Once a fault is detected, the system will immediately enable redundant paths through the adaptive path switching function. At this time, the fault link switching time is controlled within 50ms, ensuring the continuity of communication and the stable operation of the power management system.

[0036] The security management module addresses the security requirements of critical rail transit infrastructure by adopting a two-way authentication mechanism and multi-factor authentication to achieve refined privilege management. The system provides end-to-end data encryption, supports integrity and anti-replay protection, and real-time detects network attack behaviors through traffic analysis and behavior pattern recognition. These security measures effectively prevent unauthorized access and data tampering, especially in the weak power management system of rail transit, ensuring the security and reliability of system data and the smooth operation and security management of the rail transit system.

Claims

1. A node complementary wireless networking communication system applied to the urban rail transit power management system, including a network topology management module, an intelligent routing optimization module, a protocol adaptation and conversion module, a network self-healing module, and a security management module.

2. The network topology management module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network topology management module supports automatic node discovery and dynamic networking functions. It automatically identifies new nodes in the network and completes network registration through broadcast and response mechanisms. Nodes can automatically access without human intervention and optimize the topology structure in real time according to network changes, ensuring the flexibility and scalability of the system.

3. The intelligent routing optimization module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent routing optimization module adopts a dynamic routing algorithm to automatically calculate and select the optimal transmission path according to factors such as the real-time quality, delay, and load of the network link, optimize data transmission efficiency, ensure timely transmission of key data, and improve the system's anti-interference ability and reliability.

4. The protocol adaptation conversion module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protocol adaptation and conversion module supports the optimization and mutual conversion of industrial protocols such as Modbus, and adopts data compression, error checking and retransmission mechanisms to improve the stability and reliability of the protocol in wireless transmission; in addition, the protocol adaptation and conversion module is compatible with multiple industrial protocols, ensuring seamless interconnection between equipment from different manufacturers, solving compatibility issues between equipment, and improving the interoperability of the overall system.

5. The network self-healing module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network self-healing module can automatically switch to the backup link within 50 milliseconds after detecting a link failure, ensuring communication continuity and high availability of the system; by continuously monitoring the quality and status of the network link, it can identify potential faults in real time and trigger the self-healing mechanism, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault on system performance.

6. The security management module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The security management module ensures the secure transmission of data within the system through two-way authentication and end-to-end data encryption functions; through the two-way authentication mechanism, only authorized devices can access the network to prevent unauthorized devices from accessing; at the same time, a strong encryption algorithm is used to encrypt and protect the data to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data and prevent data leakage or tampering during transmission.

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