Light-emitting device, and electronic apparatus and electronic equipment including same

Abstract

Provided are a light emitting device, and an electronic apparatus and electronic equipment including the same. Light emitting devices are as described herein.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the priority and benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10 - 2023 - 0188788, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on December 21, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical field

[0003] One or more embodiments relate to a light - emitting device and an electronic device and electronic apparatus including the light - emitting device. Background art

[0004] In a light - emitting device, a self - emitting device has a relatively wide viewing angle, high contrast, short response time, and excellent or appropriate characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0005] In a light - emitting device, a first electrode is located on a substrate, and a hole - transport region, an emission layer, an electron - transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode move toward the emission layer through the hole - transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode move toward the emission layer through the electron - transport region. Carriers (such as holes and electrons) recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition (or relax) from an excited state to a ground state to generate light. Summary of the invention

[0006] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light - emitting device (e.g., an organic light - emitting device) and an electronic device and electronic apparatus including the same.

[0007] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the following description and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

[0008] According to one or more embodiments, a light - emitting device includes

[0009] a first electrode,

[0010] a second electrode facing the first electrode, and

[0011] a sandwich layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,

[0012] wherein the sandwich layer includes an emission layer and an electron - transport region,

[0013] wherein the electron - transport region is disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode,

[0014] the emission layer includes a first emitter,

[0015] wherein the first emitter emits (e.g., is configured to emit) blue light,

[0016] The first emitter includes platinum (Pt), and

[0017] the first emitter has a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of at most -1.45 electron volts (eV) (e.g., -1.45 eV or less), and

[0018] the electron transport region includes a heterocyclic compound,

[0019] wherein the heterocyclic compound includes

[0020] a first part, which includes a group represented by any one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-7, and

[0021] a second part, which includes a diazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof,

[0022] wherein the first part and the second part are bonded to each other via a single bond or a first linking group,

[0023] the first linking group may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0024] R 10a may be

[0025] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, or hydrazono,

[0026] each unsubstituted or substituted by the following C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, or C1-C 60 alkoxy: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C7-C 60 aralkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11)、 -S(=O)2(Q 11 )、 -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof,

[0027] each unsubstituted or substituted by the following C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C7-C 60 aralkyl group or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl group: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazone group, C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C7-C 60 aralkyl group, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、 -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、 -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、 -C(=O)(Q 21 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 21 )、 -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof, or

[0028] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、 -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -C(=O)(Q 31 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

[0029] Q11 to Q 13 and Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxy; cyano; nitro; unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 alkyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof-substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group; C7-C 60 aralkyl; or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl, and

[0030] when i) the first part includes a group represented by Formula 2-2, and ii) the first part and the second part are bonded to each other via a single bond, the second part may not be (e.g., may be excluded) a group represented by Formula 2-A or Formula 2-B:

[0031]

[0032] wherein, in Formulas 2-1 to 2-7,

[0033] Y1 may be O, S or Se, and

[0034] * indicates a single bond bonded to the second part or a binding site to a first linking group bonded to the second part,

[0035]

[0036] wherein, in Formulas 2-A and 2-B,

[0037] Z1 to Z3 may each be N or C(H), where at least two of Z1 to Z3 are each N, and

[0038] * indicates a single bond bonded to the first part or a binding site to a first linking group bonded to the first part.

[0039] According to one or more embodiments, there are provided an electronic device and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Including the accompanying drawings to provide a further understanding of the foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments;

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0043] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0044] Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of an electronic apparatus according to one or more embodiments;

[0045] Figure 5 is a schematic view illustrating the exterior of a vehicle as an electronic apparatus including a light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments; and

[0046] Figures 6A to 6C are schematic views each illustrating the interior of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments. Detailed Description

[0047] One or more embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings will now be described in more detail by way of example, where like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification and their repeated description may not be provided. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, one or more embodiments are described in more detail only by reference to the accompanying drawings to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Phrases such as "at least one of...", "one of...", "selected from...", and "selected from among...", when before / after a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and not a single element of the list. For example, throughout the present disclosure, the phrase "at least one of a, b, and c" indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., simultaneously), both a and c (e.g., simultaneously), both b and c (e.g., simultaneously), all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0048] Since the present disclosure may have various modified embodiments, the embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in the detailed description. When referring to one or more embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings, aspects and features of the present disclosure and methods for implementing these will be apparent. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments stated herein.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all chemical names, technical terms, and scientific terms, as well as terms defined in common dictionaries, shall be construed to have a meaning consistent with the context of the relevant field and shall not be construed in an ideal or overly formal sense. It will be understood that although terms such as "first" and / or "second" etc. may be used herein to describe one or more suitable components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. Thus, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, a first element may be referred to as a second element. Similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. Expressions used in the singular form, such as "a", "an", and "the", are also intended to encompass plural forms of the expression, unless it has a distinctly different meaning in the context.

[0050] It will be further understood that as used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "comprise", "has", "have", "having", "include", "includes", and / or "including" indicate the presence of the recited feature or element, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or elements.

[0051] As used herein, the terms "use", "using", and "used" may be regarded as synonymous with the terms "utilize", "utilizing", and "utilized" respectively.

[0052] The term "may" will be understood to refer to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure", where some embodiments include the described element, and where some embodiments do not include the element and / or include alternative elements. Similarly, alternative language such as "or" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure" each including the corresponding listed items.

[0053] In the following embodiments, if one or more components (such as layers, films, regions, and / or plates, etc.) are referred to as "connected to" another component (such as layers, films, regions, and / or plates, etc.) or "on" another component (such as layers, films, regions, and / or plates, etc.), this may include not only the case where the other component is "directly on" the layer, film, region, or plate, but also the case where other components are placed between them. For the sake of convenience in explanation, the dimensions of the elements in the drawings may be enlarged. In other words, since the dimensions (e.g., thickness) of the components are arbitrarily illustrated in the drawings for the sake of convenience in explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0054] For convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "beneath", "below", "under", "above", "over", "bottom", and "top", etc. may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as illustrated in the drawings. It will be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the device in the drawings is flipped, the element described as "beneath" or "under" other elements or features will be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the term "beneath" can encompass both the above and below orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0055] In this context, "consisting essentially of" indicates that any additional components will not substantially affect the chemical, physical, optical, or electrical properties of the target part.

[0056] Further, in this specification, the phrase "in a plane" or "plan view" indicates observing the target part from the top, and the phrase "in a cross-section" indicates observing the cross-section formed by vertically cutting the target part from the side.

[0057] As used herein, the term "interlayer" refers to a single layer and / or multiple layers located between the first electrode and the second electrode of a light-emitting device.

[0058] Light-emitting device

[0059] The light-emitting device may include: a first electrode;

[0060] A second electrode facing the first electrode; and

[0061] An interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,

[0062] wherein the interlayer may include an emission layer and an electron transport region,

[0063] wherein the electron transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode,

[0064] The emission layer may include a first emitter,

[0065] wherein the first emitter may emit blue light,

[0066] the first emitter may include platinum (Pt), and

[0067] the first emitter may have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of at most -1.45 electron volts (eV) (e.g., -1.45 eV or less), and

[0068] the electron transport region may include a heterocyclic compound,

[0069] wherein the heterocyclic compound may include:

[0070] a first part including a group represented by any one of Formulas 2-1 to 2-7; and

[0071] a second part including a diazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof,

[0072] wherein the first part and the second part may be bonded to each other via a single bond or a first linking group,

[0073] the first linking group may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0074] R 10a may be:

[0075] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, or hydrazono;

[0076] each unsubstituted or substituted by the following C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, or C1-C 60 alkoxy: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C7-C 60 aralkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q11 )(Q 12 )、 -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、 -C(=O)(Q 11 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 11 )、 -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0077] Each unsubstituted or substituted C3 - C 60 carbocyclic group, C1 - C 60 heterocyclic group, C6 - C 60 aryloxy group, C6 - C 60 arylthio group, C7 - C 60 aralkyl group or C2 - C 60 heteroaralkyl group: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazone group, C1 - C 60 alkyl group, C2 - C 60 alkenyl group, C2 - C 60 alkynyl group, C1 - C 60 alkoxy group, C3 - C 60 carbocyclic group, C1 - C 60 heterocyclic group, C6 - C 60 aryloxy group, C6 - C 60 arylthio group, C7 - C 60 aralkyl group, C2 - C 60 heteroaralkyl group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、 -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、 -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、 -C(=O)(Q 21 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 21 )、 -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0078] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、 -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -C(=O)(Q 31 )、 -S(=O)2(Q31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

[0079] Q 11 to Q 13 、Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxy; cyano; nitro; unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 alkyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group; C7-C 60 aralkyl; or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl, and

[0080] when i) the first part includes a group represented by Formula 2-2, and ii) the first part and the second part are bonded to each other via a single bond, the second part may not be (e.g., may exclude) a group represented by Formula 2-A or 2-B:

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] wherein, in Formulas 2-1 to 2-7,

[0084] Y1 may be O, S or Se, and

[0085] * indicates a single bond bonded to the second part or a binding site to the first linking group bonded to the second part,

[0086] wherein, in Formulas 2-A and 2-B,

[0087] Z1 to Z3 may each be N or C(H), wherein at least two selected from Z1 to Z3 may each be N, and

[0088] * indicates a single bond bonded to the first part or a binding site to the first linking group bonded to the first part.

[0089] In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may have a maximum emission wavelength of from about 440 nanometers (nm) to about 480 nm or from about 450 nm to about 470 nm.

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of from about 20 nm to about 40 nm or from about 20 nm to about 30 nm.

[0091] In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may have a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of at most -4.90 eV (e.g., -4.90 eV or less).

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the interlayer may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode. The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof. The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron control layer, or any combination thereof.

[0093] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include an electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer may include a heterocyclic compound.

[0094] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may be on the emission layer (e.g., in direct contact with the emission layer).

[0095] In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may include a first ligand bonded to platinum.

[0096] The first ligand may include rings A1, A2, A3, and A4 each bonded (e.g., directly bonded) to platinum, and

[0097] rings A1, A2, A3, and A4 may each independently be a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0098] In one or more embodiments, the first ligand may be a tetradentate ligand, and

[0099] the number of cyclometallated rings formed by the chemical bond between platinum and the first ligand may be 3.

[0100] In one or more embodiments, ring A1 may include a 5-membered ring containing at least one nitrogen (N), and the 5-membered ring and platinum may be bonded to each other.

[0101] In one or more embodiments, ring A2 and ring A3 may be bonded to each other via a second linking group, and the second linking group may include at least one oxygen (O).

[0102] In one or more embodiments, the first emitter may be represented by Formula 1:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] wherein, in Formula 1,

[0106] CY1, CY2, CY 31 、CY 32 and CY4 may each independently be a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0107] X1 may be C,

[0108] X2 to X4 may each independently be C or N,

[0109] T1 may be a single bond, N(R6), C(R6)(R7), Si(R6)(R7), S or O,

[0110] L1 to L3 may each independently be a single bond, *-N(R8)-*', *-B(R8)-*', *-P(R8)-*', *-C(R8)(R9)-*', *-Si(R8)(R9)-*', *-Ge(R8)(R9)-*', *-S-*', *-Se-*', *-O-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-S(=O)-*', *-S(=O)2-*' or *-C(=S)-*', where * and *' each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom,

[0111] a1, a2, a31, a32 and a4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 8,

[0112] b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

[0113] R1, R2, R 31 、R 32 、R4、R 51 、R 52 and R6 to R9 may each independently be deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C60 An alkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 An alkynyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 An alkoxy group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 A heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 An aryloxy group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 An arylthio group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C7-C 60 An aralkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 A heteroaralkyl group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0114] R 10a may be:

[0115] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group or a hydrazono group;

[0116] Each unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 alkoxy group: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C7-C 60 aralkyl group, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0117] Each unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C7-C 60 aralkyl group or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl group: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazono group, C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C7-C 60 aralkyl group, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), or any combination thereof; or

[0118] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -P(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and

[0119] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxy; cyano; nitro; each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 alkyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group; C7-C 60 aralkyl; or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl.

[0120] In one or more embodiments, CY1, CY2, CY in Formula 1 31 , CY 32CY1 and CY4 can each independently be cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, phenyl, pentaphenylenyl, naphthyl, azulyl, indacenyl, acenaphthylenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, heptaphenylenyl, tetracenyl, picenyl, hexaphenyl, pentacenyl, rubicenyl, coronenyl, ovalenyl, indenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indenoanthracenyl, indenoanthryl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthylindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthylisoindolyl, benzosilolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, carbazolyl, dibenzosilolyl, dibenzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, indencarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofurancarbazolyl, benzothienylcarbazolyl, benzosilolylcarbazolyl, benzindolylcarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthothienyl, benzonaphthosilolyl, benzofurandibenzofuranyl, benzofurandibenzothienyl, benzothienyldibenzothienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, indazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafuranyl, azadibenzosilolyl, azadibenzothienyl or azadibenzofuranyl.

[0121] In one or more embodiments, CY1, CY2, CY 31 , CY 32 and CY4 in Formula 1 can be phenyl, pentaphenylenyl, naphthyl, azulyl, indacenyl, acenaphthylenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthylindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthylisoindolyl, carbazolyl, indencarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzindolylcarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl or azafuranyl.

[0122] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, X2 and X3 can each be C, and X4 can be N.

[0123] In one or more embodiments, T1 in Formula 1 can be a single bond.

[0124] In one or more embodiments, L2 in Formula 1 can be *-S-*', *-Se-*', or *-O-*', where * and *' each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0125] In one or more embodiments, R1, R2, R 31 、R 32 、R4、R 51 、R 52 and R6 to R9 can each independently be:

[0126] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, or cyano;

[0127] methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, or 1,2-dimethylpropyl, each unsubstituted or substituted with: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, or nitro; or

[0128] phenyl, pyridyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, carbazolyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, or azacarbazolyl, each unsubstituted or substituted with: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, or phenyl.

[0129] In one or more embodiments, the first emitter can be any one selected from Compound D1 to Compound D4.

[0130]

[0131] In one or more embodiments, the heterocyclic compound can be represented by Formula 2:

[0132]

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] Among them, in Formula 2 and Formulas 2-1' to 2-7',

[0136] Ar1 to Ar3 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0137] x1 to x3 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10,

[0138] i) When x1 is 0, Ar1 can be a single bond, ii) when x2 is 0, Ar2 can be a single bond, and iii) when x3 is 0, Ar3 can be a single bond,

[0139] Ar4 can be a group represented by any one of Formulas 2-1' to 2-7',

[0140] y1 to y3 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

[0141] R'1 to R'3 can each independently be defined as R1 in Formula 1,

[0142] Y1 can be O, S or Se,

[0143] Z1 to Z3 can be N or C(H), where at least two of Z1 to Z3 are N,

[0144] * indicates the binding site to (Ar3) x3 and *' indicates the binding site to (R'3) y3 and

[0145] when Ar4 is a group represented by Formula 2-2', y3 can be 0.

[0146] When y3 is 0, no functional group other than hydrogen can be bonded to Ar4.

[0147] In Formula 2, x1 to x3 each represent the number of Ar1 to Ar3. When x1 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar1s can be substantially the same or different from each other. When x2 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar2s can be substantially the same or different from each other. And when x3 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar3s can be substantially the same or different from each other. For example, in Formula 2, x1 and x2 can each independently be an integer selected from 1 to 10, and x3 can be 0, 1 or 2.

[0148] In one or more embodiments, at least one of x1 and x2 in Formula 2 can be 2 or greater (e.g., 2, 3, 4 or 5).

[0149] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2, x1 and x2 may each independently be an integer selected from 1 to 10,

[0150] x3 may be 0, 1 or 2, and

[0151] Ar1 to Ar3 may each independently be phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, carbazolyl, fluorenyl or pyridyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted.

[0152] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2, at least one of Ar1 in the amount of x1, at least one of Ar2 in the amount of x2 or any combination thereof may each independently be dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, carbazolyl, fluorenyl or pyridyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted.

[0153] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2, at least one of Ar1 in the amount of x1, at least one of Ar2 in the amount of x2 or any combination thereof may each independently be dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl or carbazolyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted.

[0154] In one or more embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be any one selected from Compound E1 to Compound E13.

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] The light-emitting device may include a first emitter and a heterocyclic compound. The first emitter may have a LUMO energy level of -1.45 eV or less, and the heterocyclic compound may include: a first part including a group represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-7; and a second part including a diazinyl group, a triazinyl group or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the first part and the second part may be bonded to each other via a single bond or a first linking group, and when i) the first part includes a group represented by Formula 2-2 and ii) the first part and the second part are bonded to each other via a single bond, the second part may not be (e.g., may exclude) a group represented by Formula 2-A or Formula 2-B.

[0158] Accordingly, the color purity and driving voltage of the light-emitting device may be improved, and the energy transfer of the host in the light-emitting device may be facilitated, thereby improving the lifetime characteristics.

[0159] In one or more embodiments,

[0160] The first electrode of the light-emitting device may be an anode,

[0161] The second electrode of the light-emitting device may be a cathode,

[0162] The interlayer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode,

[0163] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and

[0164] The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron control layer, or any combination thereof.

[0165] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a host, a dopant, and a sensitizer.

[0166] In one or more embodiments, the dopant may be a delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0167] The host may include a first host and a second host. The first host may include a hole transport material, and the second host may include an electron transport material.

[0168] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may emit blue light.

[0169] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may further include a first host and a second host. The first host may be a hole transport compound including at least one electron-donating group, and the second host may be an electron transport compound including at least one electron-withdrawing group.

[0170] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may further include a third compound, and the third compound may be a metal-containing compound.

[0171] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be used as a sensitizer, for example, a phosphorescent sensitizer.

[0172] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may not emit light.

[0173] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may further include at least one of an auxiliary dopant and a sensitizer.

[0174] In one or more embodiments, the auxiliary dopant and the sensitizer may each independently be an organometallic compound including platinum and a tetradentate ligand bonded to the platinum, and the tetradentate ligand may include a carbene moiety chemically bonded to the platinum. For example, the auxiliary dopant and / or the sensitizer may include the third compound.

[0175] In one or more embodiments, the first host and the second host can be used as hosts for forming an exciplex.

[0176] As used herein, the term "electron-donating group" refers to all moieties having an electron-donating ability, and for example, can be a π-electron-rich C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an amino group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, or can refer to a C1-C 60 carbocyclic group that is not a π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

[0177] As used herein, the term "electron-withdrawing group" refers to all moieties having an electron-withdrawing ability. For example, the electron-withdrawing group can be, but is not limited to, -F, -CFH2, -CF2H, -CF3, -CN, -NO2, a π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 carbocyclic group or any combination thereof.

[0178] The light emission path of the light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments can be as follows: an exciton is formed by the first host and the second host (first process); the exciton energy is transferred to a third compound (second process); and the energy is transferred from the third compound to an organometallic compound that satisfies Formula 1 (i.e., having the structure of Formula 1) (third process).

[0179] In one or more embodiments, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, the amount of the third compound can be greater than or equal to 0 parts by weight and at most (e.g., less than) 50 parts by weight.

[0180] In one or more embodiments, the first host can include at least one carbazole moiety, and the second host can include at least one azine moiety.

[0181] In one or more embodiments, the first host can be represented by Formula 301-1A or Formula 301-2A:

[0182] Formula 301-1A

[0183]

[0184] Wherein, in Formula 301-1A and Formula 301-2A,

[0185] Ring A 301 to Ring A 304 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0186] X 301may be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304a , C(R 304a )(R 304b ), or Si(R 304a )(R 304b ),

[0187] X 302 may be a single bond, O, S, N[(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305a , C(R 305a )(R 305b ), or Si(R 305a )(R 305b ),

[0188] X 303 may be a single bond, O, S, N[(L 306 ) xb6 -R 306a , C(R 306a )(R 306b ), or Si(R 306a )(R 306b ),

[0189] xb22 and xb23 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10,

[0190] L 301 to L 307 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0191] xb1 to xb7 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

[0192] R 301 to R 303 , R 304a to R 306a , R 304b to R 306b and R 311 to R 314 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60An alkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 An alkynyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 An alkoxy group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 A heterocyclic group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 ), -N(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), -B(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), -C(=O)(Q 301 ), -S(=O)2(Q 301 ), or -P(=O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), and

[0193] Q 301 through Q 303 may each be defined as Q1 as described herein, and R 10a may be as described herein.

[0194] In one or more embodiments, the first subject may be, but is not limited to, any one selected from Compound HTH1 to Compound HTH56 and Compound HTH1' to Compound HTH40':

[0195]

[0196]

[0197]

[0198]

[0199] In one or more embodiments, the second subject may be represented by Formula 302:

[0200]

[0201] wherein, in Formula 302,

[0202] X 321 may be C(R 321 ), or N,

[0203] X 322 may be C(R322 ) or N,

[0204] X 323 may be C(R 323 ) or N,

[0205] X 321 to X 323 at least one of which may be N,

[0206] L 324 to L 326 may each independently be a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, *-C(Q 321 )(Q 322 )-*', *-Si(Q 321 )(Q 322 )-*', *-B(Q 321 )-*' or *-N(Q 321 )-*',

[0207] n324 to n326 may each independently be an integer selected from 1 to 5,

[0208] R 321 to R 326 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q 323 )(Q 324 )(Q 325 ), -N(Q 323 )(Q 324 ), -B(Q 323 )(Q 324)、 -C(=O)(Q 323 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 323 ) or -P(=O)(Q 323 )(Q 324 ),

[0209] selected from Q 321 to Q 325 and R 321 to R 326 in which two or more adjacent groups may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C5-C 30 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 30 heterocyclic group,

[0210] * and *' each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom,

[0211] R 10a may be as described herein, and

[0212] Q 321 to Q 325 may each be defined as Q1 as described herein.

[0213] In one or more embodiments, the second agent may be, but is not limited to, any one selected from ETH1 to ETH86 and ETH1' to ETH32':

[0214]

[0215]

[0216]

[0217]

[0218]

[0219]

[0220] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be represented by Formula 401A:

[0221] Formula 401A

[0222] M 401 (L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0223]

[0224]

[0225] Among them, in Formula 401A and Formulas 402A to 402D,

[0226] M 401 may be a first-row transition metal of the periodic table, a second-row transition metal of the periodic table, or a third-row transition metal of the periodic table,

[0227] L 401 may be a ligand represented by any one selected from Formulas 402A to 402D,

[0228] L 402 may be a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, or a tridentate ligand,

[0229] xc1 may be 1 or 2,

[0230] xc2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

[0231] A 401 to A 404 may each independently be a C5-C 30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 30 heterocyclic group,

[0232] T 401 to T 404 may each independently be a single bond, a double bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-S(=O)-*', *-C(R 405 )(R 406 )-*', *-C(R 405 )=C(R 406 )-*', *-C(R 405 )=*', *-Si(R 405 )(R 406 )-*', *-B(R 405 )-*', *-N(R 405 )-*' or *-P(R 405 )-*',

[0233] k401 to k404 may each independently be 1, 2, or 3,

[0234] Y 401 to Y 404 may each independently be a single bond (e.g., a covalent bond or a coordination bond), *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(R 407 )(R 408 )-*', *-Si(R 407 )(R408 )-*', *-B(R 407 )-*', *-N(R 407 )-*' or *-P(R 407 )-*',

[0235] *1, *2, *3, and *4 each indicate a binding site to M 401 of

[0236] R 401 to R 408 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 arylthio, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0237] R 401 to R 408 may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or at least one R-substituted C5-C 10a carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R-substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0238] b401 to b404 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10,

[0239] * and *' each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom, and

[0240] Q1 to Q3 and R 10a may each be as described herein.

[0241] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 401A may be a carbene complex.

[0242] As used herein, the term "carbene complex" may refer to a complex comprising a metal and a ligand bonded to the metal, wherein at least one bond between the metal and the ligand is a bond between the metal and a carbon of a carbene moiety.

[0243] In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may comprise a compound represented by Formula 401A.

[0244] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be, but is not limited to, any one selected from Compound PD1 to Compound PD41:

[0245]

[0246]

[0247]

[0248] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 301-1A and Formula 301-2A 301 to R 303 , R 304a to R 306a , R 304b to R 306b and R 311 to R 314 , R in Formula 302 321 to R 326 , and R in Formula 401A and Formula 402A to Formula 402D 401 to R 408 may each independently be: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 20 alkyl or C1-C 20 alkoxy;

[0249] C1-C 20 alkyl or C1-C 20 alkoxy each substituted with: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 10alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or any combination thereof;

[0250] each unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10 alkylphenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, carbazolyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothienyl, azafuranyl or azadibenzosilolyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, carbazolyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothienyl, azaf luorenyl, azadibenzosilolyl, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 )、-P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0251] -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0252] Q1 to Q3 and Q 31 to Q 33 may be as described herein.

[0253] In one or more embodiments, R 301 to R 303 , R 304a to R 306a , R 304b to R 306b and R 311 to R 314 in Formulas 301-1A and 301-2A, R 321 to R 326 in Formula 302, and R 401 to R 408 in Formulas 401A and 402A to 402D may each independently be:

[0254] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0255] a group represented by any one selected from Formula 9-1 to Formula 9-61 or a group represented by any one selected from Formula 10-1 to Formula 10-348; or

[0256] -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2):

[0257]

[0258]

[0259]

[0260]

[0261]

[0262]

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266] In Formula 9-1 to Formula 9-61 and Formula 10-1 to Formula 10-348, * indicates the binding site to an adjacent atom, "Ph" represents a phenyl group, and "TMS" represents a trimethylsilyl group, and

[0267] Q1 to Q3 can each be as described herein.

[0268] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region of the light-emitting device may include a hole-blocking layer, and the hole-blocking layer may include a phosphine oxide-containing compound, a silicon-containing compound, or any combination thereof. For example, the hole-blocking layer may be on the emission layer (e.g., in direct contact with the emission layer).

[0269] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device may include a capping layer disposed outside the first electrode and / or outside the second electrode.

[0270] For example, the light-emitting device may further include at least one of a first capping layer disposed outside the first electrode (e.g., on the first electrode) and a second capping layer disposed outside the second electrode (e.g., on the second electrode). The first capping layer and / or the second capping layer may refer to its description provided herein, for example, to understand more details thereof.

[0271] As used herein, the term "interlayer" refers to a single layer and / or each (e.g., any or all) of the layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0272] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device including the light-emitting device is provided. The electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. For example, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor including a source electrode and a drain electrode, wherein the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode. In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touchscreen layer, a polarization layer, or any combination thereof. The electronic device may refer to its description provided herein, for example, to understand more details thereof.

[0273] Figure 1 description

[0274] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a light-emitting device 10 according to one or more embodiments. The light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an interlayer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0275] Hereinafter, reference will be made to Figure 1 describe the structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to one or more embodiments and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 10.

[0276] First electrode 110

[0277] In Figure 1 , a substrate may be further disposed under the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 150. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The substrate may be a flexible substrate. For example, the substrate may include a plastic having excellent or appropriate heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0278] The first electrode 110 can be formed by, for example, depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a high work function material that facilitates hole injection can be used as the material for forming the first electrode 110.

[0279] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, then magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof can be used as the material for forming the first electrode 110.

[0280] The first electrode 110 can have a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. For example, the first electrode 110 can have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0281] Interlayer 130

[0282] The interlayer 130 can be disposed on the first electrode 110. The interlayer 130 can include an emission layer.

[0283] The interlayer 130 can further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode 150.

[0284] In addition to one or more suitable organic materials, the interlayer 130 can further include metal-containing compounds (such as organometallic compounds) and / or inorganic materials (such as quantum dots), etc.

[0285] In one or more embodiments, the interlayer 130 can include i) at least two emission units stacked in sequence between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generation layer disposed between the at least two emission units. When the interlayer 130 includes the emission units and the charge generation layer as described herein, the light-emitting device 10 can be a tandem light-emitting device.

[0286] The hole transport region in the interlayer 130

[0287] The hole transport region may have i) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes a single material (e.g., consisting of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers that includes a plurality of different materials.

[0288] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0289] For example, the hole transport region may have a multi-layer structure including a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission assisting layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission assisting layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission assisting layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, where the constituent layers of each structure are stacked in sequence from the first electrode 110.

[0290] The hole transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0291]

[0292] wherein, in Formula 201 and Formula 202,

[0293] L 201 to L 204 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0294] L 205 may be *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 20 alkylene group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 20 alkenylene group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0295] xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

[0296] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10,

[0297] R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0298] R 201 and R 202 can optionally be connected to each other via a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C5 alkylene group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C5 alkenylene group to form an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C8-C 60 polycyclic group (e.g., carbazolyl, etc.) (e.g., compound HT16, etc.),

[0299] R 203 and R 204 can optionally be bonded to each other via a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C5 alkylene group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C5 alkenylene group to form an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C8-C 60 polycyclic group, and

[0300] na1 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0301] For example, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 can include (e.g., selected from) at least one of the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY217:

[0302]

[0303] In Formula CY201 to Formula CY217, R 10b and R 10c can each be as described herein with reference to R 10a The ring CY 201 to the ring CY 204 can each independently be a C3-C 20 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 20 heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in Formula CY201 to Formula CY217 can be unsubstituted or substituted by R as described herein 10a substituted.

[0304] In one or more embodiments, the ring CY in Formula CY201 to Formula CY217 201 to the ring CY 204 may each independently be phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or anthryl.

[0305] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may include (e.g., be selected from) at least one of the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY203.

[0306] In one or more embodiments, Formula 201 may include (e.g., be selected from) at least one of the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY203 and (e.g., be selected from) at least one of the groups represented by Formula CY204 to Formula CY217.

[0307] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 201, xa1 may be 1, R 201 may be (e.g., be selected from) one of the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY203, xa2 may be 0, and R 202 may be (e.g., be selected from) one of the groups represented by Formula CY204 to Formula CY207.

[0308] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may not include (e.g., may exclude) the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY203.

[0309] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may not include (e.g., may exclude) the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY203, and may include at least one of the groups represented by Formula CY204 to Formula CY217.

[0310] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may not include (e.g., may exclude) the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY217.

[0311] For example, the hole transport region may include at least one (e.g., one or more) selected from Compound HT1 to Compound HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), or any combination thereof:

[0312]

[0313]

[0314]

[0315]

[0316]

[0317] The thickness of the hole transport region may be in the range of about to about (e.g., about to about ). When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in the range of about to about (e.g., about to about ), and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in the range of about to about (e.g., about to about ). When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0318] An emission assisting layer can be used to increase the luminous efficiency by compensating the optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted from the emission layer, and an electron blocking layer can be used to prevent or reduce the leakage of electrons from the emission layer to the hole transport region. The materials that can be included in the hole transport region can be included in the emission assisting layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0319] p-dopant

[0320] In addition to the materials described herein, the hole transport region may further include a charge generation material for improving the conductive properties. The charge generation material may be dispersed uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly (e.g., substantially non-uniformly) in the hole transport region (e.g., in the form of a single layer including the charge generation material (e.g., consisting of the charge generation material)).

[0321] The charge generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0322] For example, the p-dopant may have a LUMO level of -3.5 electron volts (eV) or less.

[0323] In one or more embodiments, the p-dopant may include a quinone derivative, a cyano-containing compound, a compound including element EL1 and element EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0324] Examples of the quinone derivative may include TCNQ and / or F4-TCNQ, etc.

[0325] Examples of the cyano-containing compound may include HAT-CN and / or a compound represented by Formula 221, etc.:

[0326]

[0327]

[0328] wherein, in Formula 221,

[0329] R 221 to R 223 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, and

[0330] (e.g., selected from) at least one of R 221 to R 223 may each independently be a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group each substituted with: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; a C1-C 20 alkyl group substituted with cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, or any combination thereof; or any combination thereof.

[0331] In the compound including element EL1 and element EL2, element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof, and element EL2 may be a non-metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof.

[0332] Examples of metals may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), and / or cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and / or barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and / or gold (Au), etc.); post-transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), and / or tin (Sn), etc.); and / or lanthanide metals (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and / or lutetium (Lu), etc.).

[0333] Examples of metalloids may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), and / or tellurium (Te), etc.

[0334] Examples of non-metals may include oxygen (O) and / or halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, and / or I, etc.).

[0335] For example, a compound including element EL1 and element EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, and / or metal iodides, etc.), metalloid halides (e.g., metalloid fluorides, metalloid chlorides, metalloid bromides, and / or metalloid iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0336] Examples of metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, and / or W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, and / or V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, and / or Mo2O5, etc.), and / or rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.).

[0337] Examples of metal halides may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, and / or lanthanide metal halides, etc.

[0338] Examples of alkali metal halides may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and / or CsI, etc.

[0339] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, and / or BaI2, etc.

[0340] Examples of transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, and / or TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, and / or ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, and / or HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, and / or VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, and / or NbI3, etc.), tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaBr3, and / or TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, and / or CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, and / or MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, and / or WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, and / or MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, and / or TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr2, and / or ReI2, etc.), ferrous halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, and / or FeI2, etc.), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, and / or RuI2, etc.), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, and / or OsI2, etc.), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, and / or CoI2, etc.), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, and / or RhI2, etc.), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrBr2, and / or IrI2, etc.), nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, and / or NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, and / or PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, and / or PtI2, etc.), cuprous halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, and / or CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, and / or AgI, etc.), and / or gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, and / or AuI, etc.), etc.

[0341] Examples of post-transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, and / or ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.), and / or tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.), etc.

[0342] Examples of lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, and / or SmI3, etc.

[0343] Examples of metalloid halides may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0344] Examples of metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li2Te, Na2Te, K2Te, Rb2Te, and / or Cs2Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, and / or BaTe, etc.), transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe2, ZrTe2, HfTe2, V2Te3, Nb2Te3, Ta2Te3, Cr2Te3, Mo2Te3, W2Te3, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, and / or Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.), and / or lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, and / or LuTe, etc.).

[0345] The emission layer in the interlayer 130

[0346] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and / or a blue emission layer according to sub-pixels. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers among the red emission layer, the green emission layer, and the blue emission layer, where the two or more layers are in contact with each other or separated from each other to emit white light. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include two or more materials among a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, and a blue light-emitting material, where the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0347] The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0348] Relative to 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be in the range of about 0.01 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0349] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0350] In one or more embodiments, the emissive layer may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may be used as a host or a dopant in the emissive layer.

[0351] The thickness of the emissive layer may be from about to about (e.g., from about to about ). When the thickness of the emissive layer is within these ranges, excellent or appropriate light-emitting characteristics may be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0352] Host

[0353] The host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301:

[0354] Formula 301

[0355] [Ar 301 xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 xb21 ,

[0356] wherein, in Formula 301,

[0357] Ar 301 and L 301 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0358] xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0359] xb1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

[0360] R 301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a -substituted C3-C 60 ​​A carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 ), -N(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), -B(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), -C(=O)(Q 301 ), -S(=O)2(Q 301 ), or -P(=O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ),

[0361] xb21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and

[0362] Q 301 to Q 303 can each be as described herein with reference to Q1.

[0363] For example, if (e.g., when) xb11 in Formula 301 is 2 or greater, then two or more Ar 301 can be connected to each other by a single bond.

[0364] In one or more embodiments, the host can include a compound represented by Formula 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0365]

[0366] wherein, in Formula 301-1 and Formula 301-2,

[0367] Ring A 301 to Ring A 304 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0368] X 301 can be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 , C(R 304 )(R 305 ), or Si(R 304 )(R 305 ),

[0369] xb22 and xb23 can each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

[0370] L 301 , xb1, and R 301 may each be as described herein

[0371] L 302 to L 304 may each independently be as described herein with reference to L 301 as described

[0372] xb2 to xb4 may each independently be as described herein with reference to xb1, and

[0373] R 302 to R 305 and R 311 to R 314 may each be as described herein with reference to R 301 as described

[0374] In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex, a post-transition metal complex, or any combination thereof. For example, the host may include a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0375] In one or more embodiments, the host may include at least one of Compounds H1 to H128 (e.g., one or more selected therefrom); 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN); 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN); 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN); 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP); 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP); 1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP); or any combination thereof:

[0376]

[0377]

[0378]

[0379]

[0380]

[0381]

[0382]

[0383] Phosphorescent dopant

[0384] The phosphorescent dopant may include at least one transition metal as the core metal.

[0385] The phosphorescent dopant may include a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, a tridentate ligand, a tetradentate ligand, a pentadentate ligand, a hexadentate ligand, or any combination thereof.

[0386] The phosphorescent dopant may be electrically neutral.

[0387] For example, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 401:

[0388] Formula 401

[0389] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0390]

[0391] Wherein, in Formula 401 and Formula 402,

[0392] M may be a transition metal (e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)),

[0393] L 401 may be a ligand represented by Formula 402, and xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein if (e.g., when) xc1 is 2 or greater, then two or more L 401 may be substantially the same as or different from each other,

[0394] L 402 may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein if (e.g., when) xc2 is 2 or greater, then two or more L 402 may be substantially the same as or different from each other,

[0395] X 401 and X 402 may each independently be N or C,

[0396] Ring A 401 and Ring A 402 may each independently be a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0397] T 401 may be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q 411 )-*', *-C(Q411 )(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=*'or*=C=*',

[0398] X 403 and X 404 can be independently a chemical bond (e.g., a covalent bond or a coordination bond), O, S, N (Q 413 )、B(Q 413 )、P(Q 413 )、C(Q 413 )(Q 414 ) or Si(Q 413 )(Q 414 ),

[0399] Q 411 To Q 414 Each may be as described in reference to Q1 herein,

[0400] R 401 and R 402 can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 20 Alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 )、-N(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-B(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-C(=O)(Q 401 )、-S(=O)2(Q 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),

[0401] Q 401 To Q 403 Each may be as described in reference to Q1 herein,

[0402] xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and

[0403] In Formula 402, each of * and *' indicates a binding site to M in Formula 401.

[0404] For example, in Formula 402, i) X 401 may be nitrogen, and X 402 may be carbon, or ii) X 401 and X 402 may each be nitrogen.

[0405] In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) xc1 in Formula 401 is 2 or greater, then at least two of the two rings A in L 401 may optionally be connected to each other via T 401 serving as a linking group, or at least two of the two rings A in L 402 may optionally be connected to each other via T 401 serving as a linking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and Compound PD7). T 402 and T 403 may each be as described herein with reference to T 402 and T 403 401 .

[0406] In Formula 401, L 402 may be an organic ligand. For example, L 402 may include a halogen group, a diketone group (e.g., acetylacetonate group), a carboxylic acid group (e.g., picolinate group), -C(=O), an isocyano group, a -CN group, a phosphorus-containing group (e.g., a phosphine group and / or a phosphite group, etc.) or any combination thereof.

[0407] The phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, any one of Compounds PD1 to PD39 (e.g., one or more selected therefrom) or any combination thereof:

[0408]

[0409]

[0410]

[0411] The fluorescent dopant

[0412] The fluorescent dopant may include an amine group-containing compound, a styryl group-containing compound or any combination thereof.

[0413] For example, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501:

[0414]

[0415] Among them, in Formula 501,

[0416] Ar 501 、L 501 to L 503 、R 501 and R 502 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0417] xd1 to xd3 can each independently be 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

[0418] xd4 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0419] For example, Ar in Formula 501 501 can be a polycyclic group in which three or more monocyclic groups are fused together (for example, anthryl, 1,2-benzophenanthryl and / or pyrenyl, etc.).

[0420] In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 can be 2.

[0421] For example, the fluorescent dopant can include: at least one (for example, one or more) selected from Compound FD1 to Compound FD37; DPVBi; DPAVBi; or any combination thereof:

[0422]

[0423]

[0424]

[0425] Thermally activated delayed fluorescence material

[0426] The emissive layer can include a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material.

[0427] In the specification, the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material can be selected from compounds capable of emitting thermally activated delayed fluorescence based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0428] Depending on the type (kind) of other materials included in the emissive layer, the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material included in the emissive layer can be used as a host or a dopant.

[0429] In one or more embodiments, the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence material can be in the range of about 0 eV to about 0.5 eV. When the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence material is within the described range, upconversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the delayed fluorescence material can occur effectively, and thus, the light-emitting device 10 can have improved luminous efficiency.

[0430] For example, the delayed fluorescence material can include: i) a material including at least one electron-donating group (e.g., a π-electron-rich C3-C 60 cyclic group, such as a carbazolyl group, etc.) and at least one electron-withdrawing group (e.g., a sulfoxide group, a cyano group, and / or a π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group, etc.), and ii) a material including a C8-C 60 polycyclic group in which at least two cyclic groups are fused to each other while sharing boron (B), etc.

[0431] Examples of the delayed fluorescence material can include at least one of Compound DF1 to Compound DF14 (e.g., one or more selected therefrom) and / or at least one of Compound DFD1 to Compound DFD29 (e.g., one or more selected therefrom):

[0432]

[0433]

[0434]

[0435] Quantum dots

[0436] The emission layer can include quantum dots.

[0437] As used herein, the term "quantum dot" refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound, and the quantum dot can include any material capable of emitting light of one or more appropriate emission wavelengths according to the size of the crystal.

[0438] The diameter of the quantum dot can be, for example, in the range of about 1 nanometer (nm) to about 10 nm.

[0439] Quantum dots can be synthesized by a wet chemical process, a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process, a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) process, or any similar process.

[0440] The wet chemical process is a method in which a precursor material is mixed with an organic solvent, and then quantum dot particle crystals are grown. When the quantum dot particle crystals grow, the organic solvent can naturally be used as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot particle crystals and can control the growth of the quantum dot particle crystals. Therefore, the wet chemical method can be carried out more easily than vapor deposition processes such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and the growth of the quantum dot particle crystals can be controlled or selected by a low-cost process.

[0441] Quantum dots can include: Group II-VI semiconductor compounds; Group III-V semiconductor compounds; Group III-VI semiconductor compounds; Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; Group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; Group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0442] Examples of Group II-VI semiconductor compounds can include: binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, and / or MgS, etc.; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, and / or MgZnS, etc.; quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and / or HgZnSTe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0443] Examples of group III-V semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, and / or InSb; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, and / or InPSb; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, and / or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the group III-V semiconductor compounds may further include group II elements. Examples of group III-V semiconductor compounds further including group II elements may include InZnP, InGaZnP, and / or InAlZnP.

[0444] Examples of group III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3, and / or InTe; ternary compounds such as InGaS3 and / or InGaSe3; or any combination thereof.

[0445] Examples of group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, and / or AgAlO2; or any combination thereof.

[0446] Examples of group IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, or PbTe; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, and / or SnPbTe; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, and / or SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0447] Group IV elements or compounds may include: single elements such as Si and / or Ge; binary compounds such as SiC and / or SiGe; or any combination thereof.

[0448] Each element included in a multi-element compound (such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, and a quaternary compound) may be present in the particles at a substantially uniform concentration or at a non-substantially uniform concentration.

[0449] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dots may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element in the quantum dots is substantially uniform, or may have a core-shell dual structure. For example, the material included in the core and the material included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0450] The shell of the quantum dots may be used as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor characteristics and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic characteristics to the quantum dots. The shell may be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient, in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the center of the core.

[0451] Examples of the shell of the quantum dots may be oxides of metals, metalloids, or non-metals, semiconductor compounds, and / or combinations thereof (e.g., any suitable combination). Examples of oxides of metals, metalloids, or non-metals may include: binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO; ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds may include: Group II-VI semiconductor compounds; Group III-V semiconductor compounds; Group III-VI semiconductor compounds; Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; Group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. For example, the semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0452] The quantum dots may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, for example, about 30 nm or less. When the FWHM of the quantum dots is within the described range, color purity or color reproducibility may be improved. In one or more embodiments, since the light emitted by the quantum dots is emitted in all directions, a wide viewing angle may be improved.

[0453] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dots may be, for example, in the form of spherical, conical, multi-armed, or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, or nanoplates.

[0454] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the band gap can be adjusted, and thus, light of one or more appropriate wavelengths can be obtained in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes, a light-emitting device that emits light of one or more appropriate wavelengths can be realized. In one or more embodiments, the size of the quantum dots can be selected so that red light, green light, and / or blue light can be emitted. In one or more embodiments, the size of the quantum dots can be adjusted to emit white light by a combination of light of one or more appropriate colors.

[0455] The electron transport region in the interlayer 130

[0456] The electron transport region can have: i) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes a single material (e.g., consisting of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers that includes a plurality of different materials.

[0457] The electron transport region can include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0458] For example, the electron transport region can have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, and / or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, etc., where the constituent layers of each structure are stacked in sequence from the emission layer.

[0459] The electron transport region (e.g., the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can include a metal-free compound containing at least one nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 ring group lacking π electrons.

[0460] For example, the electron transport region can include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[0461] Formula 601

[0462] [Ar 601 xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 xe21 ,

[0463] wherein, in Formula 601,

[0464] Ar 601 and L 601 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 ​​A carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0465] xe11 can be 1, 2 or 3,

[0466] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0467] R 601 can be unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), or -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0468] Q 601 to Q 603 can each be as described herein with reference to Q1,

[0469] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and

[0470] Ar 601 , L 601 and R 601 in at least one of which can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted π-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group.

[0471] In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or greater, then two or more Ar 601 can be connected to each other via a single bond.

[0472] In one or more embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 can be unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted anthryl group.

[0473] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region can include a compound represented by Formula 601-1:

[0474]

[0475] wherein, in Formula 601-1,

[0476] X 614 may be N or C(R 614 ), X 615 may be N or C(R 615 ), X 616 may be N or C(R 616 ), and at least one selected from X 614 to X 616 may be N,

[0477] L 611 to L 613 may each be as described herein with reference to L 601 .

[0478] xe611 to xe613 may each be as described herein with reference to xe1.

[0479] R 611 to R 613 may each be as described herein with reference to R 601 , and

[0480] R 614 to R 616 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0481] For example, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0482] The electron transport region may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET45 (e.g., one or more selected therefrom), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:

[0483]

[0484]

[0485]

[0486]

[0487]

[0488] The thickness of the electron transport region can be about to about (e.g., about to about ). When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer can be about to about (e.g., about to about ), and the thickness of the electron transport layer can be about to about (e.g., about to about ). When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, the electron transport layer, and / or the electron transport region are within these ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0489] In addition to the aforementioned materials, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can further include a metal-containing material.

[0490] The metal-containing material can include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex can be a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, an Rb ion, or a Cs ion, and the metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex can be a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, or a Ba ion. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex can include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0491] For example, the metal-containing material can include a Li complex. The Li complex can include, for example, compound ET-D1 (Liq) and / or compound ET-D2:

[0492]

[0493] The electron transport region can include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer can be in direct contact with the second electrode 150.

[0494] The electron injection layer may have: i) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes a single material (e.g., consisting of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes multiple different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having multiple layers that includes multiple different materials.

[0495] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0496] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0497] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may be an oxide, a halide (e.g., fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide), or a telluride of each of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.

[0498] The alkali metal compound may include alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Cs2O, and / or K2O, etc., alkali metal halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and / or KI, etc., or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal compound may include alkaline earth metal oxides, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1) and / or Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1), etc. The rare earth metal compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the rare earth metal compound may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, and / or Lu2Te3, etc.

[0499] Alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, and rare earth metal complexes may include i) corresponding ions selected from among (e.g.,) ions of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, and ii) ligands bonded to the metal ions (e.g., the selected metal ions), such as ligands being hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0500] The electron injection layer may include (e.g., consist of) the following: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof as described herein, and may further include an organic material (e.g., a compound represented by Formula 601).

[0501] In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may include (e.g., consist of) the following: i) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), or ii) a) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), and b) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, a RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, and / or a LiF:Yb co-deposited layer, etc.

[0502] When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly (e.g., substantially non-uniformly) dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

[0503] The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in the range of about to about For example, about to about . When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the described range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0504] The second electrode 150

[0505] The second electrode 150 is disposed on the interlayer 130 having the aforementioned structure. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode as an electron injection electrode, and as materials for forming the second electrode 150, metals, alloys, conductive compounds, or any combination thereof each having a relatively low work function may be used.

[0506] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0507] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers.

[0508] Cover layer

[0509] The first cover layer may be disposed outside the first electrode 110 (e.g., on the first electrode 110), and / or the second cover layer may be disposed outside the second electrode 150 (e.g., on the second electrode 150). In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first cover layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, and the second electrode 150 are sequentially stacked in the described order, a structure in which the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second cover layer are sequentially stacked in the described order, or a structure in which the first cover layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second cover layer are sequentially stacked in the described order.

[0510] The light generated in the emission layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 may pass through the first electrode 110, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and through the first cover layer to the outside. The light generated in the emission layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 may pass through the second electrode 150, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and through the second cover layer to the outside.

[0511] The first cover layer and the second cover layer may increase the external emission efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference. Accordingly, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 may be increased, thereby improving the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting device 10.

[0512] Each of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may include a material having a refractive index of about 1.2 or greater (at 589 nm).

[0513] The first cover layer and the second cover layer may each independently be an organic cover layer including an organic material, an inorganic cover layer including an inorganic material, or an organic-inorganic composite cover layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0514] At least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino group-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amino group-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include an amino group-containing compound.

[0515] For example, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0516] In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include (for example, selected from) at least one of Compound HT28 to Compound HT33, at least one of Compound CP1 to Compound CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

[0517]

[0518] Film

[0519] The light-emitting device may be included in one or more suitable films. According to one or more embodiments, the film may include the light-emitting device. The film may be, for example, an optical member (or a light control component) (for example, a color filter, a color conversion member, a capping layer, a light extraction efficiency enhancement layer, a selective light absorption layer, a polarization layer, and / or a quantum dot-containing layer, etc.), a light-blocking member (for example, a light reflection layer and / or a light absorption layer, etc.), or a protection member (for example, an insulating layer and / or a dielectric layer, etc.).

[0520] Electronic device

[0521] The light-emitting device may be included in one or more suitable electronic devices. For example, the electronic device including the light-emitting device may be a light-emitting device and / or an authentication device, etc.

[0522] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device (for example, the light-emitting device) may further include i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or the color conversion layer may be disposed in at least one traveling direction of the light emitted from the light-emitting device. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light. The light-emitting device may refer to the description provided herein for more details. In one or more embodiments, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may be, for example, the quantum dots described herein.

[0523] The electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions respectively corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions respectively corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0524] The pixel defining layer may be disposed between the plurality of sub-pixel regions to define each sub-pixel region.

[0525] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light-shielding pattern disposed between the plurality of color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion regions and a light-shielding pattern disposed between the plurality of color conversion regions.

[0526] The plurality of color filter regions (or the plurality of color conversion regions) may include: a first region that emits first color light; a second region that emits second color light; and / or a third region that emits third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. For example, the plurality of color filter regions (or the plurality of color conversion regions) may include quantum dots. In one or more embodiments, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include (e.g., may exclude) quantum dots. Quantum dots may be referred to the description provided herein for more details. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer.

[0527] For example, the light-emitting device may emit first light, the first region may absorb the first light to emit first-1 color light, the second region may absorb the first light to emit second-1 color light, and the third region may absorb the first light to emit third-1 color light. In this regard, the first-1 color light, the second-1 color light, and the third-1 color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. In one or more embodiments, the first light may be blue light, the first-1 color light may be red light, the second-1 color light may be green light, and the third-1 color light may be blue light.

[0528] In addition to the light-emitting device as described herein, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0529] The thin-film transistor may further include a gate electrode and / or a gate insulating film, etc.

[0530] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, and / or an oxide semiconductor, etc.

[0531] The electronic device may further include a packaging unit for encapsulating the light-emitting device. The packaging unit may be disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting device. The packaging unit allows light to be transmitted from the light-emitting device to the outside, and at the same time (e.g., synchronously) prevents air and / or moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The packaging unit may be a packaging substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The packaging unit may be a thin-film encapsulation layer including at least one of an organic layer and an inorganic layer. When the packaging unit is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0532] In addition to the color filter and / or color conversion layer, depending on the use of the electronic device, one or more appropriate functional layers may be further disposed on the packaging unit. Examples of the functional layer may include a touch screen layer and / or a polarization layer, etc. The touch screen layer may be a resistive touch screen layer, a capacitive touch screen layer, or an infrared beam touch screen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that identifies an individual by using biometric information of a living body (e.g., a fingertip and / or a pupil, etc.).

[0533] In addition to the light-emitting device described herein, the authentication device may further include a biometric information collector.

[0534] The electronic device may be applied to one or more appropriate displays, light sources, lighting devices, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, electronic game consoles, medical devices (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measurement devices, pulse wave measurement devices, electrocardiogram recorders, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, or endoscope displays), fish finders, one or more appropriate measurement devices, meters (e.g., meters for automobiles, airplanes, or ships), and projectors.

[0535] Figure 2 and Figure 3 description

[0536] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments.

[0537] Figure 2 The electronic device of may include a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device, and a packaging portion 300 for encapsulating the light-emitting device.

[0538] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may prevent or reduce the penetration of impurities through the substrate 100 and may provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0539] The TFT may be disposed on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0540] The active layer 220 may include an inorganic semiconductor (such as silicon or polysilicon), an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and may include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0541] The gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the gate insulating film 230.

[0542] The interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to provide insulation therebetween.

[0543] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed to contact the exposed portions of the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220.

[0544] Such a TFT may be electrically connected to a light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device, and may be covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or any combination thereof. The light-emitting device may be provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode 110, an interlayer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0545] The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be disposed to expose a part of the drain electrode 270 without completely covering the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be disposed to be connected to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.

[0546] The pixel defining layer 290 including an insulating material may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may expose a specific region of the first electrode 110, and the interlayer 130 may be formed in the exposed region of the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may be a polyimide-based organic film or a polyacrylic-based organic film. In one or more embodiments, at least some layers of the interlayer 130 may extend to the upper part of the pixel defining layer 290 and may be disposed in the form of a common layer.

[0547] The second electrode 150 may be disposed on the interlayer 130, and a capping layer 170 may be further formed on the second electrode 150. The capping layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0548] The encapsulation unit 300 may be disposed on the cover layer 170. The encapsulation unit 300 may be disposed on the light-emitting device to protect the light-emitting device from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation unit 300 may include: an inorganic film including silicon nitride (SiN x , where 0 < x < 1.4, for example, Si3N4), silicon oxide (SiO x , where 0 < x ≤ 2, for example, SiO2), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; an organic film including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyformaldehyde, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate and / or polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy resin (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE), etc.), or any combination thereof; or any combination of the inorganic film and the organic film.

[0549] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments.

[0550] Figure 3 The electronic device of Figure 2 is substantially the same as the electronic device of Figure 3 , except that the light-shielding pattern 500 and the functional region 400 are further disposed on the encapsulation unit 300. The functional region 400 may be i) a color filter region, ii) a color conversion region, or iii) a combination of the color filter region and the color conversion region. In one or more embodiments, Figure 3

[0551] Figure 4

[0552] Figure 4Schematic perspective view of an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments. As a device for displaying moving images or still images, the electronic device 1 may be a portable electronic device (such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a mobile communication terminal, an electronic notebook computer, an e-book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, or a ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC)), and one or more suitable products (such as a television, a laptop computer, a monitor, a billboard, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device); or a part thereof. In one or more embodiments, the electronic device 1 may be: a wearable device (such as a smartwatch, a watch phone, a glasses-type or glasses-like display, or a head-mounted display (HMD)); or a part of a wearable device. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device 1 may include an instrument panel of a vehicle, a center information display (CID) arranged on a center console or an instrument panel of the vehicle, an in-vehicle rearview mirror display replacing a side-view mirror of the vehicle, an entertainment display for a rear seat of the vehicle, or a display arranged on a backrest of a front seat, a head-up display (HUD) mounted in front of the vehicle or projected on a windshield, or a computer-generated holographic augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For the sake of convenience of explanation, Figure 4 illustrates a case where the electronic device 1 is a smartphone.

[0553] The electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device may implement an image through a plurality of pixel arrays two-dimensionally arranged in the display area DA.

[0554] The non-display area NDA is an area where no image is displayed and may be entirely around the display area DA (for example, completely surrounding the display area DA). In the non-display area NDA, a driver for supplying an electrical signal or power to a display element arranged in the display area DA may be arranged. In the non-display area NDA, pads for electrically connecting electronic components and / or a printed circuit board, etc. may be arranged.

[0555] In the electronic device 1, the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction may be different from each other. For example, as Figure 4 illustrates, the length in the x-axis direction may be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be substantially the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be longer than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0556] Figure 5 and Figures 6A to 6C description

[0557] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle 1000, which is an electronic device including a light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments. Figures 6A to 6C Schematic diagrams each illustrating the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to one or more suitable embodiments.

[0558] Reference Figure 5 and Figures 6A to 6C and, the vehicle 1000 may refer to one or more suitable devices for moving an object to be transported (such as a person, an object, or an animal) from a starting point to a destination point. The vehicle 1000 may include vehicles traveling on roads or tracks, ships moving on the ocean or rivers, and / or airplanes flying in the air by utilizing the action of air, etc.

[0559] The vehicle 1000 may travel on a road or a track. The vehicle 1000 may move in a set or predetermined direction according to the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, the vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction machinery, two-wheeled vehicles, prime movers, bicycles, and trains traveling on tracks.

[0560] The vehicle 1000 may include a body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis as other parts in addition to the body, in which mechanical equipment required for driving is installed. The exterior of the body may include a front panel, a hood, a roof panel, a rear panel, a trunk, and / or pillars provided at the boundaries between the doors, etc. The chassis of the vehicle 1000 may include a power generation device, a power transmission device, a driving device, a steering device, a braking device, a suspension device, a transmission device, a fuel device, and / or front / rear wheels and left / right wheels, etc.

[0561] The vehicle 1000 may include side window glasses 1100, a front window glass 1200, side mirrors 1300, an instrument panel 1400, a center console 1500, a passenger seat instrument panel 1600, and a display device 2.

[0562] The side window glasses 1100 and the front window glass 1200 may be divided by pillars arranged between the side window glasses 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0563] The side window glasses 1100 may be installed on the sides of the vehicle 1000. In one or more embodiments, the side window glasses 1100 may be installed on the doors of the vehicle 1000. A plurality of side window glasses 1100 may be provided and may face each other. In one or more embodiments, the side window glasses 1100 may include a first side window glass 1110 and a second side window glass 1120. In one or more embodiments, the first side window glass 1110 may be arranged adjacent to the instrument panel 1400. The second side window glass 1120 may be arranged adjacent to the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0564] In one or more embodiments, the side window glasses 1100 may be spaced apart and / or separated (e.g., spaced or separated) from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart and / or separated (e.g., spaced or separated) from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. For example, an imaginary straight line L connecting the side window glasses 1100 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. For example, an imaginary straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction.

[0565] The front window glass 1200 may be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The front window glass 1200 may be disposed between the side window glasses 1100 facing each other.

[0566] The side view mirror 1300 may provide a rear view of the vehicle 1000. The side view mirror 1300 may be installed on the exterior of the vehicle body. In one or more embodiments, a plurality of side view mirrors 1300 may be provided. Any one (e.g., selected from) of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 may be disposed outside the first side window glass 1110. Another one of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 may be disposed outside the second side window glass 1120.

[0567] The instrument panel 1400 may be disposed in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 may include a tachometer, a speedometer, a coolant temperature gauge, an oil gauge, a turn indicator, a relative high beam indicator, a warning light, a seat belt warning light, an odometer, a speedometer, an automatic shift selector indicator, a door open warning light, an oil warning light, and / or a relative low fuel warning light.

[0568] The center console 1500 may include a control panel on which a plurality of buttons for adjusting an audio device, an air conditioning device, and a seat heater are disposed. The center console 1500 may be disposed on one side of the instrument panel 1400.

[0569] The passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be spaced apart and / or separated (e.g., spaced or separated) from the instrument panel 1400, and the center console 1500 is disposed therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the instrument panel 1400 may be disposed corresponding to the driver's seat, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be disposed corresponding to the passenger seat. In one or more embodiments, the instrument panel 1400 may be adjacent to the first side window glass 1110, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be adjacent to the second side window glass 1120.

[0570] In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 may display an image. The display device 2 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may be disposed between side window glasses 1100 facing each other. The display device 2 may be disposed on at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the center console 1500, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0571] The display device 2 may include an organic light emitting display device, an inorganic electroluminescent (EL) display device, and / or a quantum dot display device, etc. Hereinafter, as the display device 2 according to one or more embodiments, an organic light emitting display device including a light emitting device according to the present disclosure will be described as an example, but one or more appropriate types (kinds) of display devices described herein may be used in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0572] Reference Figure 6A , the display device 2 may be disposed on the center console 1500. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may display navigation information. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may display audio, video, or information related to vehicle settings.

[0573] Reference Figure 6B , the display device 2 may be disposed on the instrument panel 1400. In this regard, the instrument panel 1400 may display driving information, etc. through the display device 2. For example, the instrument panel 1400 may be digitally implemented. The instrument panel 1400 may digitally display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, the pointer and gauge of the tachometer and one or more appropriate warning light icons may be displayed through digital signals.

[0574] Reference Figure 6C , the display device 2 may be disposed on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. The display device 2 may be embedded in the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 or disposed on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 disposed on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display an image related to the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 disposed on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500.

[0575] Manufacturing method

[0576] Each layer included in the hole transport region, the emission layer, and each layer included in the electron transport region may be formed in a specific region by using one or more appropriate methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

[0577] When each layer included in the hole transport region, the emission layer, and each layer included in the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition can be carried out at a deposition temperature of about 100 °C to about 500 °C, a vacuum of about 10 -8 torr to about 10 -3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 Å per second to about / second, which depends on the materials to be included in each layer to be formed and the structure of each layer to be formed.

[0578] Definition of Terms

[0579] As used herein, the term "C3-C 60 carbocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group that includes only carbon atoms (e.g., consisting only of carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms and has 3 to 60 carbon atoms. For example, C3-C 50 carbocyclic group, C3-C 40 carbocyclic group, C3-C 30 carbocyclic group, C3-C 20 carbocyclic group, or C3-C 10 carbocyclic group. And as used herein, the term "C1-C 60 heterocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group that has 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further has heteroatoms as ring-forming atoms in addition to carbon atoms. For example, C1-C 50 heterocyclic group, C1-C 40 heterocyclic group, C1-C 30 heterocyclic group, C1-C 20 heterocyclic group, or C1-C 10 heterocyclic group. The C3-C 60 carbocyclic group and the C1-C 60 heterocyclic group can each be a monocyclic group including one ring (e.g., consisting of one ring) or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are fused to each other. For example, the number of ring-forming atoms of the C1-C 60 heterocyclic group can be 3 to 61.

[0580] As used herein, "cyclic group" can include (e.g., simultaneously) both C3-C 60 carbocyclic group and C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0581] As used herein, the term "π-electron-rich C3-C 60 cyclic group" refers to a cyclic group that has 3 to 60 carbon atoms and does not include *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety, and as used herein, the term "nitrogen-containing π-electron-deficient C1-C 60"Cyclic group" means a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety.

[0582] For example,

[0583] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be i) group T1 or ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused to each other (e.g., cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, phenyl, pentaphenylenyl, naphthyl, azulyl, indacenyl, acenaphthyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, heptaphenylenyl, tetracenyl, picenyl, hexaphenyl, pentacenyl, rubicenyl, coronenyl, ovalenyl, indenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indenophenanthryl or indenanthryl),

[0584] C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group can be i) group T2, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T2 are fused to each other, or iii) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T2 and at least one group T1 are fused to each other (e.g., pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthylindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthylisoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuryl, carbazolyl, dibenzothienyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dibenzofuryl, indolocarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofurocarbazolyl, benzothiophenocarbazolyl, benzothienocarbazolyl, benzindolocarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuryl, benzonaphthothienyl, benzonaphthothienyl, benzofurodibenzofuryl, benzofurodibenzothiophenyl, benzothiophenodibenzothiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafuryl, azadibenzothienyl, azadibenzothiophenyl and / or azadibenzofuryl, etc.),

[0585] π-electron-rich C3-C 60The cyclic group can be i) group T1, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused to each other, iii) group T3, iv) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T3 are fused to each other, or v) a fused ring group in which at least one group T3 and at least one group T1 are fused to each other (e.g., C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, 1H-pyrrolyl, silolyl, borole, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthylindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthobenzisoindolyl, benzosilolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuryl, carbazolyl, dibenzosilolyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dibenzofuryl, indolocarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofurocarbazolyl, benzothienocarbazolyl, benzosilolocarbazolyl, benzindolocarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuryl, benzonaphthothiophenyl, benzonaphthosilolyl, benzofurodibenzofuryl, benzofurodibenzothiophenyl and / or benzothienodibenzothiophenyl, etc.),

[0586] π-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 The cyclic group can be i) group T4, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T4 are fused to each other, iii) a fused ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T1 are fused to each other, iv) a fused ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T3 are fused to each other, or v) a fused ring group in which at least one group T4, at least one group T1 and at least one group T3 are fused to each other (e.g., pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafuryl, azadibenzosilolyl, azadibenzothiophenyl and / or azadibenzofuryl, etc.),

[0587] Group T1 can be cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), norbornenyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl or phenyl,

[0588] The group T2 may be furyl, thienyl, 1H-pyrrolyl, silolyl, borolyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, aza-silolyl, aza-borolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyridyl, dihydropyridyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazinyl, tetrahydropyridazinyl or dihydropyridazinyl,

[0589] The group T3 may be furyl, thienyl, 1H-pyrrolyl, silolyl or borolyl, and

[0590] The group T4 may be 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, aza-silolyl, aza-borolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl or tetrazinyl.

[0591] As used herein, the terms “cyclic group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 cyclic group or π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group” refer to a group fused with any cyclic group, monovalent group or polyvalent group (e.g., divalent group, trivalent group and / or tetravalent group, etc.) according to the structure of the formula in which the corresponding term is used. For example, “phenyl” may be benzyl, phenyl and / or phenylene, etc., which can be easily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the structure of the formula including “phenyl”.

[0592] Depending on the context, a divalent group may refer to or be a polyvalent (e.g., trivalent, tetravalent, etc., not only divalent) group according to the structure of the formula, for example, with reference to the term used.

[0593] Examples of monovalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group and monovalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group may include C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group and monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group. Divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group and divalent C1-C60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 subcycloalkyl, C1-C 10 subheterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 subcycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 subheterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 subaryl, C1-C 60 subheteroaryl, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups.

[0594] As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 alkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, for example, C1-C 50 alkyl, C1-C 30 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkyl or C1-C 10 alkyl, and examples thereof may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodecyl, sec-decyl, and tert-decyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 subalkyl" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as C1-C 60 alkyl.

[0595] As used herein, the term "C2-C 60 alkenyl" refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of C2-C 60 alkyl, for example, C2-C 30 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl or C2-C 10 alkenyl, and examples thereof may include vinyl, propenyl, and / or butenyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C2-C 60 subalkenyl" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as C2-C 60 alkenyl.

[0596] As used herein, the term "C2-C 60 alkynyl" refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of C2-C 60 alkyl, for example, C2-C 30 alkynyl, C2-C 20 alkynyl or C2-C 10Alkynyl, and examples thereof may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C2-C 60 alkynylene" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as C2-C 60 alkynyl.

[0597] As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 alkoxy" refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA 101 (where A 101 is C1-C 60 alkyl), for example, C1-C 30 alkoxy, C1-C 20 alkoxy or C1-C 10 alkoxy, and examples thereof may include methoxy, ethoxy and / or isopropoxy, etc.

[0598] As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 cycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl and / or bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 cycloalkylene" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as C3-C 10 cycloalkyl.

[0599] As used herein, the term "C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that further includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms, and examples thereof may include 1,2,3,4-oxadiazolyl, tetrahydrofuryl and / or tetrahydrothienyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl.

[0600] As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring and having no aromaticity, and examples thereof may include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and / or cycloheptenyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl.

[0601] As used herein, the term "C1-C 10"Heterocycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that further includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms and has at least one double bond in its ring structure. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocycloalkenyl may include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and / or 2,3-dihydrothienyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C1-C 10 "Heterocycloalkenylene" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl.

[0602] As used herein, the term "C6-C 60 "Aryl" refers to a monovalent group of a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. For example, C6-C 50 aryl, C6-C 40 aryl, C6-C 30 aryl, C6-C 20 aryl, or C6-C 15 aryl. And as used herein, the term "C6-C 60 "Arylene" refers to a divalent group of a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. C6-C 60 Examples of aryl may include phenyl, pentaphenylenyl, naphthyl, azulyl, indacenyl, acenaphthylenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, 1,2-benzophenanthrenyl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, heptaphenylenyl, tetraphenylacenaphthylenyl, picenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubicenyl, corannulenyl, and / or ovalenyl, etc. When C6-C 60 aryl and C6-C 60 arylene each include two or more rings, these rings may be fused to each other.

[0603] As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 "Heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent group of a heteroaromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms that further includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms. For example, C1-C 50 heteroaryl, C1-C 40 heteroaryl, C1-C 30 heteroaryl, C1-C 20 heteroaryl, or C1-C 10 heteroaryl. As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 "Heteroarylene" refers to a divalent group of a heteroaromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms that further includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms. C1-C 60Examples of heteroaryl groups may include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phthalazinyl, and naphthyridinyl. When the C1-C 60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C 60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, these rings may be fused to each other.

[0604] As used herein, the term "monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused to each other, with only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms and having no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms), such as, C8-C 60 monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, C8-C 50 monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, C8-C 40 monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, C8-C 30 monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or C8-C 20 monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups are indenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indenoanthracenyl, and / or indenoanthracenyl, etc. As used herein, the term "divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group described herein.

[0605] As used herein, the term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused to each other, further including at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms and having non-aromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms), such as, C1-C 60 monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, C1-C 50 monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, C1-C 40 monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, C1-C 30 monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group or C1-C 20Monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group may include pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthylindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthylisoindolyl, benzosilolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuryl, carbazolyl, dibenzosilolyl, dibenzothienyl, dibenzofuryl, azacarbazolyl, azafuryl, azadibenzosilolyl, azadibenzothienyl, azadibenzofuryl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indolocarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofurocarbazolyl, benzothienocarbazolyl, benzosilolocarbazolyl, benzindolocarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuryl, benzonaphthothienyl, benzonaphthosilolyl, benzofurodibenzofuryl, benzofurodibenzothienyl and benzothienodibenzothienyl. As used herein, the term "divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group described herein.

[0606] As used herein, the term "C6-C 60 aryloxy" indicates -OA 102 (where A 102 is C6-C 60 aryl), for example, C6-C 50 aryloxy, C6-C 40 aryloxy, C6-C 30 aryloxy, C6-C 20 aryloxy or C6-C 15 aryloxy, and as used herein, the term "C6-C 60 arylthio" indicates -SA 103 (where A 103 is C6-C 60 aryl), for example, C6-C 50 arylthio, C6-C 40 arylthio, C6-C 30 arylthio, C6-C 20 arylthio or C6-C 15 arylthio.

[0607] As used herein, the term "C7-C 60 aralkyl" refers to -A 104 A 105 (where A 104 is C1-C 54 alkylene, and A105 is C6-C 59 aryl), for example, C7-C 50 aralkyl, C7-C 40 aralkyl, C7-C 30 aralkyl, C7-C 20 aralkyl or C7-C 15 aralkyl, and as used herein the term "C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl" means -A 106 A 107 (where A 106 is C1-C 59 alkylene, and A 107 is C1-C 59 heteroaryl), for example, C2-C 50 heteroaralkyl, C2-C 40 heteroaralkyl, C2-C 30 heteroaralkyl, C2-C 20 heteroaralkyl or C2-C 15 heteroaralkyl.

[0608] As used herein the term "R 10a " may be:

[0609] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino or hydrazono;

[0610] each unsubstituted or substituted by the following C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 alkoxy: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C7-C 60 aralkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O)2(Q 11 )、-P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12) or any combination thereof;

[0611] Each unsubstituted or substituted by the following C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C7-C 60 aralkyl group or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl group: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazone group, C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C7-C 60 aralkyl group, C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 )、-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0612] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 )。

[0613] In the specification, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 、Q 21 to Q 23 and Q31 To Q 33 may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 alkyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group; C7-C 60 aralkyl; or C2-C 60 heteroaralkyl.

[0614] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" refers to any atom other than carbon and hydrogen atoms. Examples of heteroatoms may include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se and any combination thereof.

[0615] As used herein, the term "first row transition metal" may be scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and / or zinc (Zn), etc. As used herein, the term "second row transition metal" may be yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag) and / or cadmium (Cd), etc. As used herein, the term "third row transition metal" includes hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt) and / or gold (Au), etc.

[0616] As used herein, the term "Ph" refers to phenyl, as used herein, the term "Me" refers to methyl, as used herein, the term "Et" refers to ethyl, as used herein, the term "tert-Bu" or "Bu t " refers to tert-butyl, and as used herein, the term "OMe" refers to methoxy.

[0617] As used herein, the term "biphenyl" refers to "phenyl substituted by phenyl". "Biphenyl" is a substituted phenyl having a C6-C 60 aryl as a substituent.

[0618] As used herein, the term "terphenyl" refers to "phenyl substituted by biphenyl". "Terphenyl" is a C6-C having a C6-C 60 aryl substituted C6-C 60A substituted phenyl group in which the substituent is an aryl group.

[0619] Unless otherwise defined, each of * and *' as used herein refers to the binding site to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or moiety.

[0620] In this specification, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes in an orthogonal coordinate system and can be interpreted broadly to include these axes. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis can refer to those axes that are orthogonal to each other, or can refer to axes in different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0621] Terms such as "substantially", "about", and "approximate" are used as relative terms and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations of measured or calculated values that would be recognized by a person of ordinary skill in the art. They can include the recited value and ranges of acceptable deviations as determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the limitations and errors associated with the measurement of that quantity. For example, "about" can refer to one or more standard deviations of the recited value, or ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the recited value.

[0622] The numerical ranges disclosed herein include and are intended to disclose all covered sub-ranges of the same numerical precision. For example, the range of "1.0 to 10.0" includes all sub-ranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Thus, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly recite any sub-range that is covered within the ranges expressly recited herein.

[0623] The light-emitting devices, electronic devices, electronic apparatuses, and / or any other related devices or components according to embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application specific integrated circuit), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, various components of the light-emitting device and / or the electronic device may be formed on one integrated circuit (IC) chip or on separate IC chips. Further, various components of the light-emitting device and / or the electronic device may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, tape carrier package (TCP), or printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. Further, various components and / or devices of the apparatus may be processes or threads running on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, executing computer program instructions, and interacting with other system components to perform various functions described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in a memory, which may be implemented using a standard memory device (e.g., random access memory (RAM) for example) in the computing device. The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., CD-ROM and / or flash drive etc. for example). And, those skilled in the art should recognize that, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the functions of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a dedicated computing device may be distributed over one or more other computing devices.

[0624] Hereinafter, compounds according to one or more embodiments and light-emitting devices according to one or more embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the following synthesis examples and examples. The phrase "using B in place of A" used in the description of the synthesis examples means that the amount of A used is substantially the same as the amount of B used in terms of molar equivalents.

[0625] Examples

[0626] Evaluation Example 1

[0627] The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, bandgap, metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), maximum emission wavelength (λ max ) and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Compounds D1 to D4, Compound R1, and Compound R2 were measured by using the methods described in Table 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0628] Table 1

[0629]

[0630]

[0631] Table 2

[0632]

[0633]

[0634]

[0635] Evaluation Example 2

[0636] The LUMO energy level, HOMO energy level, and band gap of Compounds E1 to E13 and Compounds PET1 to PET8 were measured by using the method described in Table 1. The hole mobility and electron mobility were evaluated by using the space charge limited current (SCLC) method, which is described in "Hole mobility of N,N'-bis(naphtanlen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine investigated by utilizing space-charge-limited currents, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 203512 (2007)", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0637] Table 3

[0638]

[0639]

[0640]

[0641]

[0642]

[0643]

[0644] Example 1

[0645] As the anode, an ITO glass substrate (product of Corning Incorporated) having a 15 ohms per square centimeter (Ω / cm 2 )(1,200 angstroms ) formed thereon was cut into a size of 50 millimeters (mm) × 50 mm × 0.7 mm, ultrasonically treated for 5 minutes each with isopropyl alcohol and pure water, cleaned by ultraviolet irradiation and ozone exposure for 30 minutes, and then mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0646] Compound HT3 was vacuum deposited on the anode to form a film having a hole transport layer of a thickness of, and vacuum depositing compound HT40 on the hole transport layer to form one having a thickness of an emission assisting layer.

[0647] Vacuum depositing compound H125, compound H126, and compound D1 (first emitter) at a weight ratio of 45:45:10 on the emission assisting layer to form one having a thickness of an emission layer.

[0648] Vacuum depositing compound ET37 on the emission layer to form one having a thickness of a hole blocking layer, vacuum depositing compound E1 and Liq at a weight ratio of 5:5 on the hole blocking layer to form one having a thickness of an electron transport layer, vacuum depositing Yb on the electron transport layer to form one having a thickness of an electron injection layer, and then vacuum depositing Ag and Mg to form one having a thickness of a cathode, thereby completing the fabrication of the organic light emitting device.

[0649]

[0650]

[0651] Examples 2 to 30 and Comparative Examples 1 to 21

[0652] Fabricate the organic light emitting devices of Examples 2 to 30 and Comparative Examples 1 to 21 in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, except that compounds shown in Table 4 are used in the emission layer instead of compound D1 as the first emitter, and compounds shown in Table 4 are used in the electron transport layer instead of compound E1.

[0653] Evaluation Example 3

[0654] Measure the driving voltage and power efficiency of each of the organic light emitting devices fabricated according to Examples 1 to 30 and Comparative Examples 1 to 21 using a Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter CS - 1000, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0655] Table 4

[0656]

[0657]

[0658]

[0659] According to one or more embodiments, a light-emitting device with high efficiency, and a high-quality electronic device and electronic equipment including the same can be manufactured.

[0660] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered only in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. The description of features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered applicable to other similar features or aspects in one or more embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more suitable changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A light emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, The interlayer includes an emission layer and an electron transport region, The electron transport region is between the emission layer and the second electrode, The emission layer includes a first emitter, The first emitter is configured to emit blue light, The first emitter comprises platinum and has a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of at most -1.45 eV, and The electron transport region includes a heterocyclic compound, The heterocyclic compounds include: A first part including a group represented by any one selected from Formula 2-1 to Formula 2-7; and The second part includes a diazine group, a triazine group or any combination thereof, The first part and the second part are bonded to each other via a single bond or a first linking group, The first linking group is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, R 10a for: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazine or hydrazone; Each unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazine, hydrazone, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aralkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O)2(Q 11 )、-P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof; Each unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Arylalkyl or C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aralkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 )、-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and Q 11 To Q 13 , Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 are independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C2 substituted by alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group; C7-C 60 Arylalkyl; or C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl, in, When i) the first portion is a group represented by Formula 2-2, and ii) the first portion and the second portion are bonded to each other via a single bond, the second portion is not a group represented by Formula 2-A or Formula 2-B: Formula 2-7 In Formula 2-1 to Formula 2-7, Y1 is O, S or Se, and * indicates a single bond to the second part or a binding site to the first linking group bonded to the second part, In Formula 2-A and Formula 2-B, Z1 to Z3 are each N or C(H), and at least two selected from Z1 to Z3 are each N, and * indicates a single bond to the first moiety or a binding site to the first linking group bonded to the first moiety. 2 . The light emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the first emitter has a maximum emission wavelength of 440 nm to 480 nm. The light emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the first emitter has a full width at half maximum of 20 nm to 40 nm. 4 . The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first emitter has a highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of at most −4.90 eV.

5. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein The electron transport region further includes an electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer includes the heterocyclic compound. The light-emitting device according to claim 5 , wherein the electron transport layer is directly on the emission layer.

7. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein The first emitter includes a first ligand bonded to platinum, The first ligand includes Ring A1, Ring A2, Ring A3 and Ring A4 each directly bonded to platinum, and Ring A1, Ring A2, Ring A3 and Ring A4 are each independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein Ring A2 and Ring A3 are linked to each other via a second linking group, and The second linking group includes at least one oxygen.

9. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first emitter is represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 In formula 1, CY1, CY2, CY 31 CY 32 and CY4 are each independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, X1 is C, X2 to X4 are each independently C or N, T1 is a single bond, N(R6), C(R6)(R7), Si(R6)(R7), S or O, L1 to L3 are each independently a single bond, *-N(R8)-*', *-B(R8)-*', *-P(R8)-*', *-C(R8)(R9)-*', *-Si(R8)(R9)-*', *-Ge(R8)(R9)-*', *-S-*', *-Se-*', *-O-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-S(=O)-*', *-S(=O)2-*' or *-C(=S)-*', wherein * and *' each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom, a1, a2, a31, a32 and a4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 8, b1 to b3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, R1, R2, R 31 , R 32 , R4, R 51 , R 52 and R6 to R9 are each independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 Alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C7-C 60 Arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 heteroarylalkyl, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(═O)(Q1), -S(═O)2(Q1), or -P(═O)(Q1)(Q2), R 10a for: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazine or hydrazone; Each unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazine, hydrazone, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aralkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O)2(Q 11 )、-P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof; Each unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Arylalkyl or C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aralkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 )、-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-P(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 , Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 are independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C2 substituted by alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group; C7-C 60 Arylalkyl; or C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl.

10. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein CY1, CY2, CY 31 CY 32 and CY4 are each independently phenyl, pentalenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, indacenyl, acenaphthenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylene, pyrenyl, 1,2-triphenylene, pyrrolyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthoindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthoisoindolyl, carbazolyl, indenocarbazolyl, indolecarbazolyl, benzindololecarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl , benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoquinolyl, benzoisoquinolyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazine, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl or azafluorenyl.

11. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein X2 and X3 are each C, and X4 is N. The light-emitting device according to claim 9 , wherein T1 is a single bond. 13 . The light-emitting device according to claim 9 , wherein L2 is *-S-*′, *-Se-*′, or *-O-*′, wherein * and *′ each indicate a binding site with an adjacent atom.

14. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein R1, R2, R 31 , R 32 , R4, R 51 , R 52 and R6 to R9 are each independently: Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or cyano; methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl or 1,2-dimethylpropyl, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano or nitro; or phenyl, pyridyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothienyl or azacarbazolyl, each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl or phenyl.

15. The light-emitting device according to claim 9, wherein the heterocyclic compound is represented by Formula 2: Formula 2 Formula 2-7' In Formula 2 and Formula 2-1' to Formula 2-7', Ar1 to Ar3 are each independently unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, x1 to x3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 10, i) when x1 is 0, Ar1 is a single bond, ii) when x2 is 0, Ar2 is a single bond, and iii) when x3 is 0, Ar3 is a single bond, Ar4 is a group represented by any one selected from Formula 2-1' to Formula 2-7', y1 to y3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 5, R'1 to R'3 are each independently as defined for R1 in Formula 1, Y1 is O, S or Se, Z1 to Z3 are each N or C(H), wherein at least two selected from Z1 to Z3 are each N, and *Instructions and (Ar3) x3 The binding site of , and *' indicates the binding site with (R'3) y3 binding site, and When Ar4 is a group represented by Formula 2-2', y3 is 0.

16. The light emitting device according to claim 15, wherein In Formula 2, x1 and x2 are each independently an integer selected from 1 to 10, x3 is 0, 1, or 2, and Ar1 to Ar3 are each independently unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl, fluorenyl or pyridyl.

17. An electronic device comprising the light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, or any combination thereof.

19. An electronic device comprising the light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein the electronic device is at least one selected from the group consisting of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a retractable display, a laser printer, a phone, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall having multiple displays stitched together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a sign.

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