Cultivation method for improving emergence rate and survival rate by hybridizing and breeding progenies of early-maturing pears

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for improving emergence rate and survival rate by hybridizing and breeding progenies of early-maturing pears, and relates to the field of fruit tree breeding, which comprises the following steps: parent selection: male parents and female parents need to have different excellent characters; performing cross pollination: collecting pollen of blooming flowers of the male parents, manually smearing the pollen on stigmas of castrated flowers of the female parents, taking seeds after fruits are ripe, washing the seeds with clear water, removing empty grains with impurities, soaking and disinfecting the seeds with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then soaking the seeds with warm water of 30 DEG C for 24 hours; stratification treatment: mixing the soaked seeds with wet river sand according to a ratio of 1: 3; sowing and seedling raising: selecting a land parcel which is flat and fertile in terrain and good in drainage, performing deep ploughing, applying a decomposed organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, performing bedding, and sowing the laminated seeds on the surface of the bedding; seedling management: uncovering a film for ventilation after seedlings come up; the bagging auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the inner side of the isolation piece, the damage rate of flowers is reduced, it is ensured that pollen evenly covers stigmas, and the problem that pear flowers are prone to being collided during bagging, so that the pear flowers are damaged is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree breeding, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of early-maturing pear cross-breeding. Background Art

[0002] Pears are one of the important fruit trees in China. Early-maturing pears have high economic value due to their early maturity and high market prices. During the cross-breeding process of early-maturing pears, the emergence rate and survival rate are key factors that directly affect the breeding efficiency and cost. When conducting cross-breeding, generally, early-maturing pear varieties with different excellent traits are selected as parents. For example, one variety has good fruit quality, and another variety has good early maturity and high yield. Through artificial cross-pollination, the excellent genes of the male parent and the female parent are combined, hoping to obtain offspring plants with better comprehensive traits.

[0003] The existing publication number is: CN116569833A. The present invention discloses a method for breeding cold-resistant pear varieties, including the following steps: parent selection, selecting parent pear trees with rich genetic material; hybridization, using tissue culture technology to cross the female parent and the male parent; offspring selection, re-screening the excellent seedlings among the crossbred offspring through variety screening; molecular marker, evaluating and screening the seedlings through molecular marker technology; genetic improvement, using in vitro culture technology to conduct genetic improvement of cold-resistant traits; repeated testing, after the first selection and evaluation, conducting re-testing and evaluation. The present invention uses tissue culture technology to accelerate the propagation speed of pear trees, thereby improving the breeding efficiency. The adjustment of the culture medium and the screening of cross-breeding parents can greatly reduce the time and workload of artificial pollination, accelerate the screening and cultivation speed of new varieties. Pear trees can achieve asexual reproduction, and the gene combination of the male parent and the female parent is relatively stable, which can avoid genetic variation during hybridization and improve the quality stability.

[0004] However, during artificial cross-pollination, generally, the female parent needs to be emasculated and then bagged. Then, the pollen of the fully blooming flowers of the male parent is collected and manually applied to the stigma of the emasculated flowers of the female parent. After pollination, it is continuously bagged until the flowers wither, resulting in the need to bag the pear flowers multiple times. The operation is relatively cumbersome, and it is also easy to bump the pear flowers during bagging, resulting in damage to the pear flowers and affecting the survival rate of the pear flowers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of early-maturing pear cross-breeding. It has steps such as reasonably selecting parents, conducting artificial cross-pollination, disinfecting and stratifying the seeds, scientifically sowing and raising seedlings, and seedling stage management, effectively improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of early-maturing pear cross-breeding. The emergence rate can reach more than 90%, and the survival rate can reach more than 85%, providing strong technical support for the cultivation and promotion of new early-maturing pear varieties, replacing the traditional manual petal-picking operation, reducing the flower damage rate, ensuring uniform pollen coverage on the stigma, significantly improving the fertilization success rate, avoiding the risk of external pollution caused by multiple opening and closing of the bag, shortening the single-flower pollination time, and greatly improving the operation efficiency of cross-breeding.

[0006] The present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of early-maturing pear cross-breeding, which specifically includes the following steps: Parent selection: Select early-maturing pear varieties with strong growth, no pests and diseases, and good flowering and fruiting habits as parents. The male parent and the female parent need to have different excellent traits; Cross-pollination: Remove the stamens before the female parent blooms and fix the isolation member with the fixed elastic band. Collect the pollen of the fully blooming flowers of the male parent and apply it manually to the stigma of the emasculated flowers of the female parent. After pollination, continue to use the isolation member to bag until the flowers wither. The support member is fixedly connected inside the isolation member; Seed collection and treatment: After the fruit matures, take the seeds, wash them with clean water and remove impurities and shriveled grains, soak them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 30 minutes, and then soak them in 30°C warm water for 24 hours; Stratification treatment: Mix the soaked seeds with moist river sand in a ratio of 1:3, place them in a low-temperature environment of 0-5°C for stratification for 60-90 days, keep the river sand moist during this period and turn it over regularly; Sowing and raising seedlings: Select a plot with flat terrain, fertile soil and good drainage, deeply plow and apply decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, then make a ridge. Sow the stratified seeds on the ridge surface, cover with 1-2 cm of fine soil and cover with a plastic film; Seedling stage management: After the seedlings emerge, remove the film for ventilation, keep the soil moist without waterlogging, thin out and fix the seedlings when there are 2-3 true leaves, with a spacing of 5-10 cm, regularly topdress with nitrogen fertilizer and cooperate with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and prevent and control pests and diseases in time; Bagging auxiliary mechanism, the bagging auxiliary mechanism is arranged inside the isolation member.

[0007] Further, in the step of parent selection, the excellent traits of the male parent include strong disease resistance, good fruit quality or good storage resistance, and the excellent traits of the female parent include early maturity, high yield or strong adaptability.

[0008] Further, in the step of stratification treatment, the humidity of the moist river sand is 60%-70% of the water content, and the turning frequency is once every 7-10 days.

[0009] Further, in the step of sowing and raising seedlings, the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 5000-6000 kg / mu, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50-60 kg / mu.

[0010] Further, in the seedling stage management step, the frequency of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is once every 10 - 15 days, the single application amount is 10 - 15 kg / mu, and the single application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 5 - 8 kg / mu.

[0011] Further, in the seed collection and treatment step, the disinfected seeds need to be rinsed with clean water until there is no residual liquid medicine, and the water temperature needs to be kept constant during the soaking process.

[0012] Further, in the seedling stage management step, the prevention and control of pests and diseases include regularly spraying fungicides such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl, and insecticides such as imidacloprid and abamectin.

[0013] Further, the bagging auxiliary mechanism includes: a light-transmitting window; two groups of light-transmitting windows are provided in total. Both groups of light-transmitting windows are made of transparent acrylic plates, and the two groups of light-transmitting windows are respectively fixedly connected above the isolation member.

[0014] Further, the bagging auxiliary mechanism further includes: a pollination fixing member, a pollination connecting member, a pollination storage member, a pollination driving groove, a pollination driving member, and a pollination blade; the pollination fixing member is fixedly connected above the inner side of the isolation member, and the pollination fixing member is in a cylindrical structure; the pollination connecting member is rotatably connected to the lower end of the pollination fixing member; the pollination storage member is slidably connected to the inner side of the pollination fixing member, and a plurality of circular hole structures are provided at the lower end of the pollination storage member; the pollination driving groove is a curve guiding groove structure, and the pollination driving groove is provided on the inner side of the pollination connecting member; the pollination driving member is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the lower end of the pollination storage member, and the outer side of the pollination driving member is arranged inside the pollination driving groove; the pollination blade is coaxially fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the pollination connecting member.

[0015] Further, the bagging auxiliary mechanism further includes: a pollination support spring, a pollination knocking member, a pollination contact member, and a pollination dipping member; the pollination support spring is fixedly connected to the lower end of the pollination storage member, and the upper end of the pollination support spring is fixedly connected to the pollination fixing member; a plurality of groups of pollination knocking members are provided, and the plurality of groups of pollination knocking members are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner side of the pollination connecting member through springs; the pollination contact member is fixedly connected to the left side of the pollination storage member; the pollination dipping member is inserted into the pollination storage member, and a writing brush head structure is provided at the lower end of the pollination dipping member. Beneficial effects

[0016] By reasonably selecting parents, performing artificial cross-pollination, disinfecting and stratifying the seeds, scientifically sowing and raising seedlings, and managing the seedling stage and other steps, the invention effectively improves the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of early-maturing pear cross-breeding. The emergence rate can reach more than 90%, and the survival rate can reach more than 85%, providing strong technical support for the cultivation and promotion of new early-maturing pear varieties.

[0017] Through the setting of the bagging auxiliary mechanism, the isolation sleeve is sleeved outside the female parent flower for fixation. When it is necessary to pollinate the pollen of the male parent, the pollination dipping part is used to dip the pollen of the male parent, and then the pollination dipping part is inserted into the interior of the pollination storage part. The pollination storage part is moved downward, and the downward movement of the pollination storage part drives the pollination driving part to move downward. The downward movement of the pollination driving part drives the pollination connecting part to rotate under the action of the pollination driving groove. The rotation of the pollination connecting part drives the pollination blade to rotate. The rotation of the pollination blade blows open the female parent flower, avoiding the petals from blocking the pollination. At the same time, the rotation of the pollination connecting part also drives the pollination knocking part to rotate. The rotation of the pollination knocking part contacts the pollination contact part, and the pollination contact part is knocked and vibrated. The vibration of the pollination contact part drives the pollination dipping part to vibrate, and the pollen dipped by the writing brush head is shaken off by the vibration of the pollination dipping part. The petals are gently blown open by the airflow generated by the rotation of the pollination blade, replacing the traditional manual petal-pulling operation, reducing the flower damage rate, ensuring that the pollen evenly covers the stigma, significantly improving the fertilization success rate, avoiding the risk of external pollution caused by multiple opening and closing of the bag, shortening the single-flower pollination time, and greatly improving the efficiency of the cross-breeding operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0019] The drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0020] In the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the isolation part of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the pollination blade of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the pollination knocking part of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the spraying of the pest control agent of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the seed treatment and stratification process of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-pollination process of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 21. Isolation member; 22. Fixed elastic band; 23. Support member; 201. Translucent window; 202. Pollination fixing member; 203. Pollination connecting member; 204. Pollination storage member; 205. Pollination driving groove; 206. Pollination driving member; 207. Pollination blade; 208. Pollination support spring; 209. Pollination knocking member; 210. Pollination contact member; 211. Pollination dipping member. Detailed implementation mode Embodiment 1

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 as shown in: The present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding early-maturing pears. 1. Parent selection: Select the early-maturing pear variety "Zaosu Pear" with strong disease resistance and good fruit quality as the male parent, and the early-maturing and high-yielding early-maturing pear variety "Cuiguan Pear" as the female parent; 2. Cross-pollination: Before the flowers of the female parent "Cuiguan Pear" bloom, remove the stamens of the female parent's flowers, and then fix the isolation member 21 with a fixed elastic band 22. When the flowers of the male parent "Zaosu Pear" are in full bloom, collect the pollen of the male parent, evenly apply the pollen on the stigmas of the emasculated flowers of the female parent for artificial pollination. After pollination, use the isolation member 21 to bag until the flowers wither. There is a support member 23 fixedly connected inside the isolation member 21 until the flowers wither; 3. Seed collection and treatment: When the hybrid fruits are mature, collect the fruits in time, take out the seeds, wash them clean with water, remove impurities and shriveled grains, soak the seeds in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection treatment, then rinse them clean with water, and soak the disinfected seeds in warm water at 30°C for 24 hours to make the seeds fully absorb water and swell; 4. Stratification treatment: Mix the soaked seeds with moist river sand in a ratio of 1:3 evenly, put them into a container with good air permeability, and then place the container in a low-temperature environment of 0-5°C for stratification treatment. During the stratification treatment, regularly check the humidity of the river sand, keep the river sand moist but not waterlogged, and turn the seeds at the same time to prevent the seeds from mildewing and rotting. The stratification treatment time is 60 days; 5. Sowing and seedling raising: Select a plot with flat terrain, fertile soil and good drainage as the seedling raising land. Before sowing, deeply plow and finely cultivate the seedling raising land, apply 5000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer, and then rake it flat to make a ridge. Evenly spread the seeds after stratification treatment on the ridge surface, cover a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm, and then cover with a plastic film to keep the soil humidity and temperature; 6. Seedling stage management: When the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, uncover the plastic film in time for ventilation and light transmission. Keep the soil moist during the seedling stage, water and drain in a timely manner. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, thin out and fix the seedlings, keeping the spacing between the seedlings at 5 cm. Regularly fertilize during the seedling stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer once every 10 days, with a dosage of 10 kg / mu each time, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in combination, with a dosage of 5 kg / mu each time, to promote the growth of seedlings. At the same time, pay attention to preventing and controlling pests and diseases, and regularly spray pesticides to prevent the harm of pests and diseases to the seedlings. Example Two

[0028] As Figures 1 to 6 shown: 1. Parent selection: The male parent is selected as the early-maturing pear variety "Huangguan Pear" with good fruit quality and good storage resistance, and the female parent is selected as the early-maturing pear variety "Zaomeisu Pear" with strong adaptability; 2. Hybrid pollination: Before the female parent "Zaomeisu Pear" blooms, the flowers of the female parent are emasculated, and then the isolation member 21 is fixed by the fixed elastic band 22. When the flowers of the male parent "Huangguan Pear" are in full bloom, the pollen of the male parent is collected, and the pollen is evenly applied on the stigma of the emasculated flowers of the female parent for artificial pollination. After pollination, the isolation member 21 is used for bagging until the flowers wither. The interior of the isolation member 21 is fixedly connected with a support member 23 until the flowers wither; 3. Seed collection and processing: When the hybrid fruit is ripe, the fruit is collected in time, the seeds are taken out, cleaned with clean water, impurities and shrunken grains are removed, and the seeds are placed in 0.1% permanganate Soak the seeds in potassium solution for 30 minutes for disinfection, then rinse with clean water, soak the disinfected seeds in 30℃ warm water for 24 hours to allow the seeds to fully absorb water and swell; 4. Stratification: Mix the soaked seeds with moist river sand in a ratio of 1:3, put them in a container with good air permeability, and then place the container in a low temperature environment of 0-5℃ for stratification. During the stratification period, check the humidity of the river sand regularly to keep the river sand moist but without water accumulation, and turn the seeds over to prevent them from mold and rot. The stratification time is 90 days; 5. Sowing and seedling raising: Select a flat, fertile and well-drained plot as the nursery ground. Deeply plow the nursery ground before sowing, apply 6000kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and 60kg / mu of compound fertilizer, and then harrow and level the ridges. Evenly sow the stratified seeds on the bed surface, cover with a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 2 cm, and then cover with plastic film to maintain soil moisture and temperature; 6. Management during the seedling stage: When the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, uncover the plastic film in time for ventilation and light transmission. Keep the soil moist during the seedling stage, water and drain in time, and thin and fix the seedlings when the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, keeping the spacing between the seedlings at 10 cm. Fertilize regularly during the seedling stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer every 15 days, and each time the amount of fertilizer is 15kg / mu, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and each time the amount of fertilizer is 8kg / mu to promote the growth of seedlings. At the same time, pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests, spray pesticides regularly to prevent diseases and pests from harming the seedlings.

[0029] Through the tests of Example 1 and Example 2, the germination rates reached 92% and 91% respectively, and the survival rates reached 86% and 87% respectively, with significant effects. Embodiment 3

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown: The present invention provides a cultivation device for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of early-maturing pear hybrid offspring. Based on the first and second embodiments, the device further comprises a bagging auxiliary mechanism, which is arranged on the inner side of the isolation member 21.

[0031] Among them, the bagging auxiliary mechanism includes: a light-transmitting window 201; there are two groups of light-transmitting windows 201 in total, both groups of light-transmitting windows 201 are made of transparent acrylic plates, and the two groups of light-transmitting windows 201 are respectively fixedly connected above the isolation member 21.

[0032] Among them, the bagging auxiliary mechanism further includes: a pollination fixing member 202, a pollination connecting member 203, a pollination storage member 204, a pollination driving groove 205, a pollination driving member 206 and a pollination blade 207; the pollination fixing member 202 is fixedly connected above the inner side of the isolation member 21, and the pollination fixing member 202 is in a cylindrical structure; the pollination connecting member 203 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the pollination fixing member 202; the pollination storage member 204 is slidably connected to the inner side of the pollination fixing member 202, and a plurality of circular hole structures are provided at the lower end of the pollination storage member 204; the pollination driving groove 205 is a curve guiding groove structure, and the pollination driving groove 205 is provided on the inner side of the pollination connecting member 203; the pollination driving member 206 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the lower end of the pollination storage member 204, and the outer side of the pollination driving member 206 is arranged inside the pollination driving groove 205; the pollination blade 207 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the pollination connecting member 203.

[0033] Among them, the bagging auxiliary mechanism further includes: a pollination support spring 208, a pollination knocking member 209, a pollination contact member 210 and a pollination dipping member 211; the pollination support spring 208 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the pollination storage member 204, and the upper end of the pollination support spring 208 is fixedly connected to the pollination fixing member 202; there are multiple groups of pollination knocking members 209, and multiple groups of pollination knocking members 209 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner side of the pollination connecting member 203 through springs; the pollination contact member 210 is fixedly connected to the left side of the pollination storage member 204; the pollination dipping member 211 is inserted into the pollination storage member 204, and the lower end of the pollination dipping member 211 is provided with a brush head structure.

[0034] Specific usage and function of this embodiment: After emasculating the female parent, first put the isolation member 21 on the outside of the female parent flower for fixation. When it is necessary to pollinate the pollen of the male parent, use the pollination dipping member 211 to dip the pollen of the male parent, and then insert the pollination dipping member 211 into the interior of the pollination storage member 204. Move the pollination storage member 204 downward. The downward movement of the pollination storage member 204 drives the pollination driving member 206 to move downward. The downward movement of the pollination driving member 206 drives the pollination connecting member 203 to rotate under the action of the pollination driving groove 205. The rotation of the pollination connecting member 203 drives the pollination blade 207 to rotate. The rotation of the pollination blade 207 blows open the female parent flower, avoiding the petals blocking the pollination. At the same time, the rotation of the pollination connecting member 203 also drives the pollination knocking member 209 to rotate. The rotation of the pollination knocking member 209 contacts the pollination contact member 210. The pollination contact member 210 is knocked and vibrated. The vibration of the pollination contact member 210 drives the pollination dipping member 211 to vibrate. The vibration of the pollination dipping member 211 shakes off the pollen dipped by the writing brush head.

[0035] In this article, the following points need attention: 1. The drawings of this embodiment only involve the structures related to this embodiment. Other structures can refer to the general design.

[0036] 2. Without conflict, the features in this embodiment and the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0037] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding early-maturing pears, characterized in that: Including the following steps: (1) Parent selection: Select early-maturing pear varieties with strong growth, no diseases and pests, and good flowering and fruiting habits as parents. The male parent and the female parent should have different excellent traits; (2) Hybrid pollination: Before the female parent blooms, emasculate it and fix the isolation member (21) with the fixed elastic band (22). Collect the pollen of the fully blooming flowers of the male parent and apply it manually to the stigma of the emasculated flowers of the female parent. After pollination, continue to use the isolation member (21) to bag the flowers until they wither. The support member (23) is fixedly connected inside the isolation member (21); (3) Seed collection and treatment: After the fruit matures, take the seeds, wash them with clean water, remove impurities and shriveled grains, soak them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 30 minutes, and then soak them in warm water at 30°C for 24 hours; (4) Stratification treatment: Mix the soaked seeds with moist river sand in a ratio of 1:3, place them in a low-temperature environment of 0-5°C for stratification for 60-90 days, and keep the river sand moist and turn it over regularly during this period; (5) Sowing and seedling raising: Select a plot with flat terrain, fertile soil and good drainage. After deep plowing and applying decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, make a ridge. Sow the stratified seeds on the ridge surface, cover them with 1-2 cm of fine soil and cover them with a plastic film; (6) Seedling management: After the seedlings emerge, uncover the film for ventilation, keep the soil moist without waterlogging. Thin out and fix the seedlings when there are 2-3 true leaves, with a spacing of 5-10 cm. Regularly topdress with nitrogen fertilizer and cooperate with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and prevent and control diseases and pests in a timely manner; A bagging auxiliary mechanism is arranged inside the isolation member (21).

2. The cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding of early-maturing pears as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the excellent traits of the male parent include strong disease resistance, good fruit quality or good storage tolerance, and the excellent traits of the female parent include early maturity, high yield or strong adaptability.

3. The cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding early-maturing pears as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the humidity of the moist river sand is 60%-70% of the water content, and the turning frequency is once every 7-10 days.

4. The cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding of early-maturing pears as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the application rate of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 5000-6000 kg / mu, and the application rate of the compound fertilizer is 50-60 kg / mu.

5. The cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding early-maturing pears as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the topdressing frequency of nitrogen fertilizer is once every 10-15 days, the single application rate is 10-15 kg / mu, and the single application rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 5-8 kg / mu.

6. The cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding of early-maturing pears as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the disinfected seeds need to be rinsed with clean water until there is no residual liquid medicine, and the water temperature needs to be kept constant during the soaking process.

7. The cultivation method for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of precocious pear hybridization and breeding as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the prevention and control of diseases and pests includes regularly spraying fungicides such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl and insecticides such as imidacloprid and avermectin.

8. The cultivating device for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of cross-breeding early-maturing pears as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bagging auxiliary mechanism includes: a light-transmitting window (201); There are two groups of the light-transmitting windows (201) in total. Both groups of the light-transmitting windows (201) are made of transparent acrylic plate structures, and the two groups of the light-transmitting windows (201) are respectively fixedly connected above the isolation member (21).

9. The cultivating device for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of precocious pear hybridization breeding as claimed in claim 8, wherein: The bagging auxiliary mechanism further includes: a pollination fixing member (202), a pollination connecting member (203), a pollination storage member (204), a pollination driving groove (205), a pollination driving member (206), and a pollination blade (207); the pollination fixing member (202) is fixedly connected to the upper inner side of the isolation member (21), and the pollination fixing member (202) is of a cylindrical structure; the pollination connecting member (203) is rotatably connected to the lower end of the pollination fixing member (202); the pollination storage member (204) is slidably connected to the inner side of the pollination fixing member (202), and a plurality of circular hole structures are formed at the lower end of the pollination storage member (204); the pollination driving groove (205) is of a curve guiding groove structure, and the pollination driving groove (205) is formed on the inner side of the pollination connecting member (203); the pollination driving member (206) is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the lower end of the pollination storage member (204), and the outer side of the pollination driving member (206) is arranged inside the pollination driving groove (205); the pollination blade (207) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the pollination connecting member (203).

10. The cultivating device for improving the emergence rate and survival rate of the offspring of precocious pear hybridization breeding according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bagging auxiliary mechanism further includes: a pollination support spring (208), a pollination knocking member (209), a pollination contact member (210), and a pollination dipping member (211); the pollination support spring (208) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the pollination storage member (204), and the upper end of the pollination support spring (208) is fixedly connected to the pollination fixing member (202); a plurality of groups of pollination knocking members (209) are provided, and the plurality of groups of pollination knocking members (209) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper inner side of the pollination connecting member (203) through springs; the pollination contact member (210) is fixedly connected to the left side of the pollination storage member (204); the pollination dipping member (211) is inserted into the pollination storage member (204), and a writing brush head structure is arranged at the lower end of the pollination dipping member (211).

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