Karst area wetland area dynamic monitoring method and system based on remote sensing image data

Abstract

The invention discloses a karst region wetland area dynamic monitoring method and system based on remote sensing image data, and relates to the technical field of prediction and forecast, and the method comprises the following steps: dividing a karst development region into a plurality of monitoring regions, collecting remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring regions, and calculating the remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring regions; preprocessing the remote sensing image data; constructing a wetland area identification model, and inputting the geological parameters and the preprocessed remote sensing image data into the wetland area identification model to obtain a corresponding wetland area identification result; and analyzing and processing the wetland area identification result to obtain a corresponding karst wetland degradation analysis result, and completing dynamic monitoring of the wetland area of the karst area. According to the invention, the area information of the wetland in the karst area can be rapidly and accurately obtained, and remote alarm prompt can be timely carried out according to the area information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of prediction and forecasting, and more specifically, to a method and system for dynamically monitoring the wetland area in a karst area based on remote sensing image data. Background Art

[0002] Currently, karst wetlands are a special type of wetland that are widely distributed in karst areas, which usually have the geological feature of widespread distribution of soluble rocks (such as limestone), mainly including karst lakes, river systems, and swamps, etc.

[0003] However, karst wetlands are very sensitive to environmental changes and are easily affected by human activities and global climate change, resulting in problems such as degradation of ecological functions and regional area, and even the risk of ground collapse in karst wetlands in severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically monitor the wetland area in the karst area. However, there are no relevant efficient and warning methods in the existing technology.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a method for dynamically monitoring the wetland area in a karst area that can solve the above problems is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and system for dynamically monitoring the wetland area in a karst area based on remote sensing image data, which can quickly and accurately obtain the area information of the wetland in the karst area and give a remote alarm prompt in time according to the area information.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for dynamically monitoring the wetland area in a karst area based on remote sensing image data, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Divide multiple monitoring areas in the karst development area, collect the remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring areas, and preprocess the remote sensing image data;

[0009] Construct a wetland area recognition model, and input the geological parameters and the preprocessed remote sensing image data into the wetland area recognition model to obtain the corresponding wetland area recognition result;

[0010] Analyze and process the wetland area recognition result to obtain the corresponding karst wetland degradation analysis result, and complete the dynamic monitoring of the wetland area in the karst area.

[0011] Preferably, the specific process of analyzing and processing the wetland area recognition result includes:

[0012] Compare the wetland area recognition result with the collapse threshold;

[0013] When the comparison result is greater than or equal to the collapse threshold, it is determined whether karst wetland degradation will occur according to the geological parameters and the remote sensing image data.

[0014] Preferably, the specific process of comparing the wetland area recognition result with the collapse threshold further includes:

[0015] When the comparison result is greater than the collapse threshold, a remote alarm prompt is given.

[0016] Preferably, the specific process of determining whether karst wetland degradation has occurred includes:

[0017] Construct a three-dimensional simulation model corresponding to the monitoring area according to the geological parameters;

[0018] Use the three-dimensional simulation model for simulation, and determine whether degradation has occurred according to the simulation result.

[0019] Preferably, the specific process of determining whether degradation has occurred according to the simulation result includes:

[0020] When it is determined that degradation has occurred, construct and improve a wetland area change prediction model;

[0021] Input the simulation result, the geological parameters, and the preprocessed remote sensing image data into the wetland area change prediction model for prediction to obtain a prediction result of the karst wetland degradation area.

[0022] Preferably, when it is determined according to the simulation result that there is no change, the analysis is ended.

[0023] Preferably, when the comparison result is less than the collapse threshold, continue to obtain remote sensing image data for the monitoring area and update the recognition model.

[0024] The present invention also provides a dynamic monitoring system for the wetland area in a karst area based on remote sensing image data, including:

[0025] A data acquisition and division module, configured to divide a plurality of monitoring areas in a karst development area, collect remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring areas, and preprocess the remote sensing image data;

[0026] A data recognition module, configured to construct a wetland area recognition model, and input the geological parameters and the preprocessed remote sensing image data into the wetland area recognition model to obtain a corresponding wetland area recognition result;

[0027] A data processing module, configured to analyze and process the wetland area recognition result to obtain a corresponding karst wetland degradation analysis result.

[0028] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method and system for dynamically monitoring the wetland area in karst areas based on remote sensing image data, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. By dividing multiple monitoring areas, collecting remote sensing image data and geological parameters, and combining preprocessing and wetland area recognition models, the present invention can quickly and accurately obtain the area information of wetlands in karst areas. When the wetland area recognition result shows a possible degradation risk compared with the collapse threshold, remote alarm prompts can be given in a timely manner, providing timely early warning information for relevant departments and facilitating the adoption of corresponding measures for intervention.

[0030] 2. The method provided by the present invention not only judges whether there is a degradation risk by comparing the wetland area recognition result with the collapse threshold, but also further constructs a three-dimensional simulation model using geological parameters for simulation analysis. This comprehensive analysis method can more accurately judge whether the karst wetland has degraded, and when degradation is confirmed, construct and improve the wetland area change prediction model for more accurate prediction of the degraded area.

[0031] 3. The method provided by the present invention can continuously monitor the monitoring area, continuously obtain remote sensing image data, and update the recognition model, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the monitoring method, enabling it to adapt to the changes in the karst wetland environment and continuously optimizing the monitoring effect.

[0032] 4. Compared with the traditional ground monitoring method, the monitoring method based on remote sensing image data provided by the present invention has the advantages of wide coverage, fast monitoring speed, and relatively low cost. By constructing and applying the wetland area recognition model, the monitoring efficiency can be greatly improved, and the human and material costs can be reduced.

[0033] 5. The method provided by the present invention provides a scientific basis and technical support for the ecological protection of wetlands in karst areas. Through timely monitoring and early warning, wetland degradation can be effectively prevented, biodiversity can be protected, and the balance and sustainable development of the karst area ecosystem can be promoted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0035] Figure 1 It is the overall flowchart of a method for dynamically monitoring the wetland area in karst areas based on remote sensing image data provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 The structural principle block diagram of a dynamic monitoring system for wetland area in karst areas based on remote sensing image data provided by the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] See Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a dynamic monitoring method for wetland area in karst areas based on remote sensing image data, including the following steps:

[0039] Divide multiple monitoring areas in the karst development area, collect remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring areas, and preprocess the remote sensing image data, where the geological parameters may include geological structure characteristics, hydrogeological conditions (such as groundwater level, specific yield, etc.), karst landform characteristics, and soil characteristic parameters (such as soil thickness, hardness, etc.);

[0040] Construct a wetland area recognition model, and input the geological parameters and the preprocessed remote sensing image data into the wetland area recognition model to obtain the corresponding wetland area recognition result. The process of the remote sensing image data may include multiple processing steps such as image correction, image enhancement, and filtering to remove the interference part in the data, improve the image quality, and improve the accuracy of subsequent data processing;

[0041] Analyze and process the wetland area recognition result to obtain the corresponding karst wetland degradation analysis result, and complete the dynamic monitoring of the wetland area in the karst area.

[0042] Specifically, the specific process of dividing multiple monitoring areas in the karst development area further includes:

[0043] First, construct an evaluation index system for the karst development area according to the influence degree on the karst development area and the knowledge spectrum method;

[0044] Divide the geological parameters into positive parameters and negative parameters according to the evaluation index system for the karst development area, and normalize the above positive parameters and negative parameters;

[0045] The normalized positive parameters and negative parameters are weighted and fused according to the monitoring area, and the calculation results are sorted in ascending order, and priority data collection is performed according to the sorting results. The smallest calculation result indicates that the result of the negative parameter is larger, and there is a risk of collapse, and priority monitoring and analysis should be carried out.

[0046] Specifically, the wetland area recognition model may include a feature extraction module, a classification module, and an identification module. Among them, the feature extraction module may be a pyramid feature extraction module, the classification module may be any one of a support vector machine or a random forest, and the identification module may be any one of a CNN convolutional neural network or an LSTM convolutional neural network. The preprocessed remote sensing image data is used to extract corresponding image features, and the image features are input into the classification module to separate wetlands from other objects, and then the classification result is input into the identification module to obtain the final wetland area recognition result.

[0047] During the training of the wetland area recognition model, historical data of historical karst development areas are obtained for model training, and the model parameters are adjusted to obtain the best recognition effect. The effect of the model is evaluated through cross-validation to ensure its good generalization ability.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the specific process of analyzing and processing the wetland area recognition result includes:

[0049] Compare the wetland area recognition result with the collapse threshold;

[0050] When the comparison result is greater than or equal to the collapse threshold, it is judged whether karst wetland degradation will occur according to geological parameters and remote sensing image data.

[0051] Specifically, the collapse threshold can be calculated according to the actual parameters of the monitoring area and can be adjusted according to the actual situation to avoid inaccurate and inflexible judgments caused by fixed thresholds. The specific determination process can be obtained through the wetland area recognition model at the same time.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the specific process of comparing the wetland area recognition result with the collapse threshold further includes:

[0053] When the comparison result is greater than the collapse threshold, a remote alarm prompt is given.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the specific process of judging whether karst wetland degradation has occurred includes:

[0055] Construct a three-dimensional simulation model corresponding to the monitoring area according to geological parameters;

[0056] Use the three-dimensional simulation model for simulation, and judge whether degradation has occurred according to the simulation result.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the specific process of determining whether degradation has occurred based on the simulation results includes:

[0058] When it is determined that degradation has occurred, a prediction model for wetland area change is constructed and improved;

[0059] The simulation results, geological parameters, and pre-processed remote sensing image data are input into the prediction model for wetland area change for prediction, and the predicted result of the degraded area of the karst wetland is obtained.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, when it is determined based on the simulation results that no change has occurred, the analysis ends.

[0061] Specifically, during the simulation process, a three-dimensional model of the monitoring area can be constructed through three-dimensional modeling software (such as ArcGIS, SketchUp, GSlab, etc.) to simulate the situation of the karst wetland and its surrounding environment. At the same time, remote sensing data and geological parameters are integrated into the actual simulation, introducing the time dimension, and the wetland change can be simulated under the change of the time dimension.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, when the comparison result is less than the collapse threshold, remote sensing image data of the monitoring area is continuously acquired, and the recognition model is updated.

[0063] See Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for using the method for dynamically monitoring the area of a wetland in a karst area based on remote sensing image data described in any one of the above embodiments, including.

[0064] A data acquisition and division module, configured to divide a plurality of monitoring areas in a karst development area, collect remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring areas, and pre-process the remote sensing image data;

[0065] A data recognition module, configured to construct a wetland area recognition model, and input the geological parameters and pre-processed remote sensing image data into the wetland area recognition model to obtain the corresponding wetland area recognition result;

[0066] A data processing module, configured to analyze and process the wetland area recognition result to obtain the corresponding analysis result of the degradation of the karst wetland.

[0067] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method part.

[0068] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to practice or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic monitoring of wetland area in karst areas based on remote sensing image data, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Divide a plurality of monitoring areas in the karst development area, collect remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring areas, and pre-process the remote sensing image data; Constructing a wetland area identification model, and inputting the geological parameters and the pre-processed remote sensing image data into the wetland area identification model to obtain a corresponding wetland area identification result; The wetland area identification results are analyzed and processed to obtain corresponding karst wetland degradation analysis results, thereby completing the dynamic monitoring of the wetland area in the karst region.

2. The method for dynamic monitoring of karst wetland area based on remote sensing image data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of analyzing and processing the wetland area identification results includes: comparing the wetland area identification result with a collapse threshold; When the comparison result is greater than or equal to the collapse threshold, it is determined whether karst wetland degradation will occur based on the geological parameters and the remote sensing image data.

3. The method for dynamic monitoring of karst wetland area based on remote sensing image data according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The specific process of comparing the wetland area identification result with the collapse threshold also includes: When the comparison result is greater than the collapse threshold, a remote alarm prompt is issued.

4. The method for dynamic monitoring of karst wetland area based on remote sensing image data according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The specific process of determining whether karst wetland degradation has occurred includes: Construct a three-dimensional simulation model corresponding to the monitoring area based on geological parameters; The three-dimensional simulation model is used to perform simulation, and whether degradation occurs is determined based on the simulation result.

5. The method for dynamic monitoring of karst wetland area based on remote sensing image data according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The specific process of judging whether degradation occurs based on the simulation results includes: When degradation is judged to have occurred, construct and improve wetland area change prediction models; The simulation results, the geological parameters, and the pre-processed remote sensing image data are input into the wetland area change prediction model for prediction to obtain the karst wetland degradation area prediction result.

6. The method for dynamic monitoring of karst wetland area based on remote sensing image data according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When it is determined from the simulation results that no change has occurred, the analysis ends.

7. The method for dynamic monitoring of karst wetland area based on remote sensing image data according to claim 2 is characterized in that: When the comparison result is less than the collapse threshold, the remote sensing image data of the monitoring area continues to be acquired and the recognition model is updated.

8. A system using the method for dynamic monitoring of karst wetland area based on remote sensing image data as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition and division module is used to divide a plurality of monitoring areas in the karst development area, collect remote sensing image data and geological parameters of the monitoring areas, and pre-process the remote sensing image data; A data identification module is used to construct a wetland area identification model, and input the geological parameters and the pre-processed remote sensing image data into the wetland area identification model to obtain a corresponding wetland area identification result; The data processing module is used to analyze and process the wetland area identification results to obtain corresponding karst wetland degradation analysis results.

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