Cultivation method of ginkgo trees

Abstract

The invention provides a ginkgo tree cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding. According to the method, gingko seedlings which are 3-5 years old and cultivated from seeds of Ginkgo biloba Taixing No.1 are used as stocks, coppice shoots at the base parts of tree trunks of Ginkgo biloba seedlings are used as scions, grafting is carried out at the positions 70-80 cm away from the roots of the stocks in the first ten days and the middle ten days of March through a bark inserting method, and grafting is carried out at the positions 100-150 cm away from the roots of the stocks at the intervals of 30-40 cm through a bud grafting method. According to the method, the position effect of grafting can be fully overcome, the survival rate of grafting is greatly increased, the height of a tree body is changed, the shape of a grafted tree is optimized, and the ornamental greening value of the ginkgo tree is greatly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of nursery stock breeding, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for ginkgo trees. Background Art

[0002] Ginkgo, also known as Ginkgo biloba L. and Maidenhair Tree, is a plant of the genus Ginkgo in the family Ginkgoaceae, which integrates medicinal, edible, economic, and ornamental values. Ginkgo has extremely high development and application value and has now been widely cultivated on a large scale across the country as leaf forests, fruit forests, timber forests, and ornamental greening. In production, for ginkgo forests with different management purposes, different crown structures are required. For example, for ginkgo timber forests, a straight main trunk is needed; for fruit forests, a natural open-center tree shape is required; for leaf forests, a bushy crown structure is needed. Therefore, different nursery stock propagation methods need to be adopted to propagate high-quality nursery stocks with good crown structures that meet production needs. Grafting is a main propagation method for ginkgo nursery stocks. However, most of the ginkgo grafted seedlings propagated by grafting have a natural open-center crown, with obvious position effects, and most have no central main trunk, short tree postures, and sparse crowns, which cannot meet the needs of cultivating ginkgo ornamental forests in production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for ginkgo trees to solve the problems of position effects in conventional ginkgo grafted seedlings, and most of them have no central main trunk, short tree postures, and sparse crowns.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a cultivation method for ginkgo trees, including the following steps:

[0006] Using 3 - 5-year-old ginkgo seedling grown from "Ginkgo biloba cv. Taixing No.1" seeds as the rootstock, and using the sprouts at the base of the trunk of "Ginkgo biloba cv. Dongtinghuang" ginkgo seedling as the scion. In the first and middle ten days of March, at a position 70 - 80 cm away from the root of the rootstock, the bark grafting method is used for grafting, and at a position more than 100 - 150 cm away from the root of the rootstock, budding is carried out every 30 - 40 cm.

[0007] Preferably, the scion is selected as 1 - 2-year-old sprouts, and 2 - 4 buds are retained on each scion.

[0008] Preferably, the rootstock is selected as ginkgo seedling with a breast diameter range of 10 - 15 cm and a height of 1.5 - 2.5 m.

[0009] Preferably, the scion is soaked in a healing agent for 15 to 25 minutes before grafting, and the healing agent consists of ingredients with the following concentrations: 0.1 to 0.2 g / L naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.05 to 0.15 g / L chitosan, 0.1 to 0.2 g / L boric acid, 0.8 to 1.5 g / L rhamnolipid, 0.1 to 0.5 g / L citric acid, 0.5 to 1 g / L active polypeptide and the remainder water.

[0010] Preferably, a nutrient solution is sprayed on the buds after budding, and the nutrient solution consists of the following ingredients in concentrations: 0.05-0.15 g / L gibberellin, 2-4 g / L sucrose, 0.2-0.4 g / L sodium nitrophenolate, 0.3-0.8 g / L rooting powder and the remainder water.

[0011] Preferably, the bark insertion method includes the following steps: a longitudinal cut is made on the flatter side of the stock surface, the back of the lower bud of the scion is obliquely cut downward to form a "horse ear-shaped" straight cut surface, and a small inclined surface with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 cm is cut on the back of the long cut surface, the scion is inserted into the incision of the stock, ensuring that the cut surface of the scion faces the wood part, and then tied firmly.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the interface is 3 to 4 cm, and the length of the straight chamfer is 4 to 5 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the bud grafting method is a square-shaped inlay grafting method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a full and vigorous bud on the scion, making a cut on the top, bottom, left and right of the bud, using a single-edged blade to pry open and remove the square-shaped bud piece of the scion, the square-shaped bud piece does not carry the xylem; making incisions around the smooth bark of the rootstock, and the rootstock incision and the square-shaped bud piece are the same size; embedding the square-shaped bud piece into the rootstock incision.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The present invention selects the sprouts at the base of the trunk of the "Dongting Emperor" ginkgo seedling as the scion, and the new shoots of the grafted seedlings have a smaller growth angle, which is conducive to oblique upward growth, fully overcomes the position effect of grafting, and forms a compact tree shape; selects "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" as the rootstock, which has the characteristics of upright trunk, fast growth rate, strong stress resistance, etc., can provide a sufficient source of nutrients for the scion, promote the healing of grafting wounds, and at the same time can change the height of the tree body, overcoming the problem of short tree posture of the ginkgo grafted tree.

[0016] The present invention utilizes branch grafting and bud grafting in combination to perform grafting at different positions on the rootstock, which can fully utilize the original shape of the rootstock, increase the crown density on the basis of the original shape, make the branching layer uniform without faults, and decrease layer by layer upwards, thereby optimizing the tree shape of the grafted tree and greatly improving the ornamental greening value of the ginkgo tree.

[0017] The present invention adopts the bark grafting method to better protect the cambium of the scion and the rootstock, reduce water evaporation and damage, and greatly improve the survival rate of the grafting. The block grafting method can carry the surrounding tissue, has a high healing and survival rate, is convenient for grafting, and has no scars or swelling marks after healing.

[0018] The present invention adopts the healing agent and the nutrient solution to promote the formation and differentiation of callus tissue, improve the grafting survival rate, promote the growth of grafted branches and buds, increase the number and proportion of strong branches, and is conducive to the formation of a strong crown structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention provides a method for cultivating a ginkgo tree, comprising the following steps:

[0020] The 3-5 year old ginkgo seedlings cultivated from the seeds of "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" are used as rootstocks, and the sprouts from the base of the trunk of the "Dongting Emperor" ginkgo seedlings are used as scions. In early to mid-March, the bark grafting method is used for grafting at a distance of 70-80 cm from the root of the rootstock, and the bud grafting method is used for grafting at intervals of 30-40 cm at a distance of more than 100-150 cm from the root of the rootstock.

[0021] In the present invention, 3-5 year old ginkgo seedlings cultivated from "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" seeds are used as rootstocks, and the growth time of the ginkgo seedlings is preferably 4 years; the rootstocks are selected from ginkgo seedlings with a breast diameter range of 10-15 cm and a height of 1.5-2.5 m, and the breast diameter range is preferably 11-14 cm, and the height is preferably 1.8-2.2 m.

[0022] In the present invention, the sprouts at the base of the trunk of the "Dongtinghuang" Ginkgo biloba seedling tree are used as scions. The scions are selected from 1-2 year old sprouts, and 2-4 buds are retained on each scion; the growth time of the sprouts is preferably 1.5 years, and the number of buds is preferably 3. The scion is soaked in a healing agent for 15 to 25 minutes before grafting, and the soaking time is preferably 20 minutes; the healing agent is composed of the following concentrations of ingredients: 0.1 to 0.2 g / L naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.05 to 0.15 g / L chitosan, 0.1 to 0.2 g / L boric acid, 0.8 to 1.5 g / L rhamnolipid, 0.1 to 0.5 g / L citric acid, 0.5 to 1 g / L active polypeptide and the remainder of water; the concentration of the naphthaleneacetic acid is preferably 0.12 to 0.18 g / L; the concentration of the chitosan is preferably 0.07 to 0.12 g / L; the concentration of the boric acid is preferably 0.12 to 0.18 g / L; the concentration of the rhamnolipid is preferably 0.9 to 1.4 g / L; the concentration of the citric acid is preferably 0.2 to 0.4 g / L; the concentration of the active polypeptide is preferably 0.6 to 0.8 g / L.

[0023] In the present invention, in early to mid-March, the grafting is performed by the bark insertion method at a distance of 70 to 80 cm from the root of the stock, and the grafting height is preferably 75 cm; the bark insertion method includes the following steps: a longitudinal interface is cut on the flatter side of the stock surface, the back of the lower bud eye of the scion is obliquely cut downward into a "horse ear-shaped" straight cut surface, and a small inclined surface with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 cm is cut on the back of the long cut surface, and the scion is inserted into the incision of the stock, ensuring that the cut surface of the scion faces the wood part, and then tied tightly. The length of the interface is preferably 3 to 4 cm, and more preferably 3.2 to 3.8 cm; the length of the straight cut surface is preferably 4 to 5 cm, and more preferably 4.2 to 4.8 cm; the length of the small inclined surface is preferably 0.6 to 0.9 cm.

[0024] In the present invention, bud grafting is performed at intervals of 30 to 40 cm at a position more than 100 to 150 cm away from the root of the stock; the grafting height is preferably 110 to 140 cm; the grafting interval is preferably 35 cm; the bud grafting is a block grafting method, which includes the following steps: selecting a full and vigorous bud on the scion, making a cut on the top, bottom, left and right of the bud, using a single-edged blade to pry open and take out the square bud piece of the scion, the square bud piece does not carry the xylem; making incisions around the smooth bark of the stock trunk, and the stock incision and the square bud piece are the same size; embedding the square bud piece into the stock incision. A nutrient solution is sprayed on the buds after budding, and the nutrient solution is composed of the following concentrations: 0.05-0.15 g / L gibberellin, 2-4 g / L sucrose, 0.2-0.4 g / L sodium nitrophenolate, and 0.3-0.8 g / L rooting powder; the concentration of the gibberellin is preferably 0.08-0.12 g / L; the concentration of the sucrose is preferably 2.5-3.5 g / L; the concentration of the sodium nitrophenolate is preferably 0.25-0.35 g / L; and the concentration of the rooting powder is preferably 0.4-0.7 g / L.

[0025] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The 4-year-old ginkgo seedlings cultivated from the seeds of "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" were selected as the rootstocks. During the cultivation of the rootstocks, the sprouts and lateral buds were continuously thinned out to cultivate a single-trunk strong rootstock. The diameter of the ginkgo seedlings at breast height ranged from 12 cm to 2 m in height. The sprouts at the base of the trunk of the "Dongting Emperor" ginkgo seedlings were used as scions. The scions were selected from 1.5-year-old sprouts, and 3 buds were retained on each scion. The scions were soaked in a healing agent for 20 minutes before grafting. The healing agent consisted of the following concentrations of ingredients: 0.15 g / L naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.1 g / L chitosan, 0.15 g / L boric acid, 1 g / L rhamnolipid, 0.3 g / L citric acid, 0.8 g / L active polypeptides, and the remainder of water.

[0028] On March 10, the grafting was carried out by the bark insertion method at 75cm from the root of the stock. The method of the bark insertion method grafting is: the scion is cut into a 10cm length as a scion, and a knife is cut downward on the back side of 0.5cm below the second bud of the scion. The cutting surface is 4.5cm long, the depth is 1 / 2 of the branch thickness, and the entrance depth is 3 / 4 of the scion thickness. Then it is cut downward into a horse ear shape, and then a short cut surface of 0.8cm is cut on the lower side of the back, and a knife is lightly cut on both sides, and the depth is to the formation layer. A knife is cut longitudinally on the smooth section of the stock, deep to the wood, and the length is 3.5cm. The cortex on both sides of the stock is gently picked apart, and the long cut surface of the scion is aligned with the wood and inserted. After the scion is inserted, first wrap the grafting part with two pieces of toilet paper to facilitate heat preservation, moisture retention, moisture-proof and direct sunlight protection, then wrap a layer of plastic film, and tie it tightly from top to bottom with a plastic rope.

[0029] Grafting is performed by budding at intervals of 35 cm at a position more than 130 cm from the root of the stock. The budding method is a square scarfing method, which includes the following steps: selecting a full and vigorous bud on the scion, cutting a knife on the bud up and down, left and right, and using a single-edged blade to pry open and remove the square bud piece of the scion, the square bud piece does not carry the wood; making incisions around the smooth bark of the stock, and the stock incision and the square bud piece are the same size; embedding the square bud piece into the stock incision. Spraying nutrient solution on the bud after budding, the nutrient solution is composed of the following concentrations: 0.1 g / L gibberellin, 3 g / L sucrose, 0.3 g / L sodium nitrophenolate, 0.3 g / L rooting powder and the remaining water. When the new shoots sprout to 30 cm, pinching is promoted to thicken and grow strong branches.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] The three-year-old ginkgo seedlings cultivated from the seeds of "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" were selected as the rootstocks. During the cultivation of the rootstocks, the sprouts and lateral buds were continuously thinned out to cultivate a single-trunk strong rootstock. The diameter of the ginkgo seedlings was 10 cm and the height was 1.5 m. The sprouts at the base of the trunk of the "Dongting Emperor" ginkgo seedlings were used as scions. The scions were selected from one-year-old sprouts, and two buds were retained on each scion. The scions were soaked in a healing agent for 15 minutes before grafting. The healing agent consisted of the following concentrations: 0.1 g / L naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.05 g / L chitosan, 0.1 g / L boric acid, 0.8 g / L rhamnolipid, 0.1 g / L citric acid, 0.5 g / L active polypeptide and the remainder of water.

[0032] On March 10, the grafting was carried out by the bark insertion method at 70cm from the root of the stock. The method of the bark insertion method grafting is as follows: the scion is cut into a 10cm length as a scion, and a knife is cut downward on the back side of 0.5cm below the second bud of the scion. The cutting surface is 4cm long, the depth is 1 / 2 of the branch thickness, and the entrance depth is 3 / 4 of the scion thickness. Then it is cut downward into a horse ear shape, and then a short cut surface of 0.5cm is cut on the lower side of the back, and a knife is lightly cut on both sides, and the depth is to the formation layer. A knife is cut longitudinally on the smooth section of the stock, deep to the wood, and the length is 3cm. The cortex on both sides of the stock is gently picked apart, and the long cut surface of the scion is aligned with the wood and inserted. After the scion is inserted, the grafting part is first wrapped with two pieces of toilet paper to facilitate heat preservation, moisture retention, moisture-proof and direct sunlight protection, and then a layer of plastic film is wrapped, and tied tightly from top to bottom with a plastic rope.

[0033] At a distance of 100 cm or more from the root of the stock, bud grafting is performed every 30 cm. The bud grafting is a square-shaped inlay grafting method, which includes the following steps: selecting a full and vigorous bud on the scion, cutting a knife on the bud up and down, left and right, and using a single-edged blade to pry open and remove the square-shaped bud piece of the scion, the square-shaped bud piece does not carry the wood; making incisions around the smooth bark of the stock, and the stock incision and the square-shaped bud piece are the same size; embedding the square-shaped bud piece into the stock incision. Spraying nutrient solution on the bud after budding, the nutrient solution is composed of the following concentrations: 0.05g / L gibberellin, 2g / L sucrose, 0.2g / L sodium nitrophenolate, and 0.3g / L rooting powder. When the new shoots sprout to 30cm, pinching is promoted to thicken and grow strong branches.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] The 5-year-old ginkgo seedlings cultivated from the seeds of "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" were selected as the rootstocks. During the cultivation of the rootstocks, the sprouts and lateral buds were continuously thinned out to cultivate a single-trunk strong rootstock. The diameter of the ginkgo seedlings at breast height ranged from 15 cm to 2.5 m in height. The sprouts at the base of the trunk of the "Dongting Emperor" ginkgo seedlings were used as scions. The scions were selected from 2-year-old sprouts, and 4 buds were retained on each scion. The scions were soaked in a healing agent for 25 minutes before grafting. The healing agent consisted of the following concentrations: 0.2 g / L naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.15 g / L chitosan, 0.2 g / L boric acid, 1.5 g / L rhamnolipid, 0.5 g / L citric acid, 1 g / L active polypeptide and the remainder of water.

[0036] On March 10, the grafting was carried out by the bark insertion method at 80cm from the root of the stock. The method of the bark insertion method grafting is as follows: the scion is cut into a 10cm length as a scion, and a knife is cut downward on the back side 0.5cm below the second bud of the scion. The cutting surface is 5cm long, the depth is 1 / 2 of the branch thickness, and the entrance depth is 3 / 4 of the scion thickness. Then it is cut downward into a horse ear shape, and then a short cut surface of 1cm is cut on the lower side of the back, and a knife is lightly cut on both sides, and the depth is to the formation layer. A knife is cut longitudinally on the smooth section of the stock, deep to the wood, and the length is 4cm. The cortex on both sides of the stock is gently picked apart, and the long cut surface of the scion is aligned with the wood and inserted. After the scion is inserted, first wrap the grafting part with two pieces of toilet paper to facilitate heat preservation, moisture retention, moisture-proof and direct sunlight protection, then wrap a layer of plastic film, and tie it tightly from top to bottom with a plastic rope.

[0037] Grafting is performed by budding at intervals of 40 cm at a position more than 150 cm from the root of the stock. The budding is a square-shaped inlay method, which includes the following steps: selecting a full and vigorous bud on the scion, cutting a knife on the bud up and down, left and right, and using a single-edged blade to pry open and remove the square-shaped bud piece of the scion, the square-shaped bud piece does not carry the wood; making incisions around the smooth bark of the stock, and the stock incision and the square-shaped bud piece are the same size; embedding the square-shaped bud piece into the stock incision. Spraying nutrient solution on the bud after budding, the nutrient solution is composed of the following concentrations: 0.15g / L gibberellin, 4g / L sucrose, 0.4g / L sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8g / L rooting powder and the remaining water. When the new shoots sprout to 30cm, pinching is promoted to thicken and grow strong branches.

[0038] Experimental Example 1

[0039] Effects of different scion and rootstock varieties on grafting survival rate

[0040] "Dongtinghuang", Suzhou "Fuxing", "Big Buddha's Hand" and "Small Buddha's Hand" were used as scions, and "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" was used as rootstock; grafting was carried out according to the method of Example 1, and the grafting survival rate was calculated.

[0041] "Dongtinghuang" was used as the scion, "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1", "Ginkgo Suzhou Clone No. 1" and "Ginkgo Taixing No. 4" were used as the rootstocks, and grafting was performed according to the method of Example 1, and the grafting survival rates were calculated.

[0042] Experimental results: as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0043] Table 1 Effect of different scion varieties on grafting survival rate

[0044]

[0045] Table 2 Effect of different rootstock varieties on grafting survival rate

[0046]

[0047] It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that when different varieties of Ginkgo are selected as scion and rootstock, the grafting survival rate varies greatly. The affinity, genetic characteristics, physiological functions and internal tissue structures of different varieties are different, which in turn affects the grafting survival rate.

[0048] Experimental Example 2

[0049] Effects of different grafting methods on grafting survival rate

[0050] According to the method of Example 1, grafting was performed at a distance of 75 cm from the root of the stock using the bark grafting method, cleft grafting method, and cut grafting method, and grafting was performed at intervals of 35 cm at a distance of more than 130 cm from the root of the stock using the block grafting method, "T"-shaped bud grafting, and sleeve bud grafting, and the survival rate of the grafting was calculated.

[0051] Experimental results: as shown in Table 3.

[0052] Table 3 Effect of different grafting methods on grafting survival rate

[0053] Grafting method Survival rate Grafting method Survival rate Bark grafting method 95.67％ Block inlay grafting method 96.01％ Whip grafting method 74.64％ "T"-shaped budding 64.19％ Cut grafting method 65.31％ Socket budding 43.67％

[0054] As shown in Table 3, the grafting survival rates obtained by selecting different grafting methods vary greatly. The bark grafting method and the square embedding method significantly improve the grafting survival rate.

[0055] Experimental Example 3

[0056] Effects of different grafting methods and positions on tree shape

[0057] According to the method of Example 1, different grafting methods and positions were selected for grafting, and the tree shape characteristics after grafting and cultivation were observed.

[0058] Experimental results: as shown in Table 4.

[0059] Table 4 Effects of different grafting methods and positions on tree shape

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] As shown in Table 4, the method of the present invention can eliminate the position effect of ginkgo grafting, and the cultivated ginkgo trees grow more upright, with a smaller growth angle of new shoots, a straight trunk, distinct branching layers, and each layer of side branches radiating outwards significantly. The side branches at the bottom layer are thick and gradually decrease upward, and the crown is full and dense.

[0063] It can be seen from the above embodiments and experimental examples that the method of the present invention can fully overcome the position effect of grafting, greatly improve the survival rate of grafting, change the height of the tree, optimize the tree shape of the grafted tree, and greatly improve the ornamental greening value of the ginkgo tree.

[0064] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a ginkgo tree, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The 3-5 year old ginkgo seedlings cultivated from the seeds of "Ginkgo Taixing No. 1" are used as rootstocks, and the sprouts from the base of the trunk of the "Dongting Emperor" ginkgo seedlings are used as scions. In early to mid-March, the bark grafting method is used for grafting at a distance of 70-80 cm from the root of the rootstock, and the bud grafting method is used for grafting at intervals of 30-40 cm at a distance of more than 100-150 cm from the root of the rootstock.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The scion is selected from 1-2 year old sprouts, and 2-4 buds are retained on each scion.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The rootstock is selected from ginkgo seedlings with a breast diameter ranging from 10 to 15 cm and a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The scion is soaked in a healing agent for 15 to 25 minutes before grafting. The healing agent is composed of the following components in concentrations: 0.1 to 0.2 g / L naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.05 to 0.15 g / L chitosan, 0.1 to 0.2 g / L boric acid, 0.8 to 1.5 g / L rhamnolipid, 0.1 to 0.5 g / L citric acid, 0.5 to 1 g / L active polypeptide and the remainder of water.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A nutrient solution is sprayed on the buds after budding, wherein the nutrient solution is composed of the following components in concentrations: 0.05-0.15 g / L gibberellin, 2-4 g / L sucrose, 0.2-0.4 g / L sodium nitrophenolate, 0.3-0.8 g / L rooting powder and the balance water.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bark insertion method comprises the following steps: a longitudinal cut is made on a relatively flat side of the stock surface, the back of the lower bud eye of the scion is obliquely cut downward to form a "horse ear-shaped" straight cut surface, a small oblique surface with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 cm is cut on the back of the long cut surface, the scion is inserted into the cut of the stock, ensuring that the cut surface of the scion faces the wood part, and then the scion is tied tightly.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The length of the interface is 3 to 4 cm, and the length of the straight chamfer is 4 to 5 cm.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bud grafting method is a square-shaped inlay grafting method, which includes the following steps: selecting a full and vigorous bud on the scion, making a cut on the top, bottom, left and right of the bud, using a single-edged blade to pry open and remove the square-shaped bud piece of the scion, wherein the square-shaped bud piece does not carry the xylem; making incisions around the smooth bark of the rootstock, and the rootstock incision and the square-shaped bud piece are the same size; and embedding the square-shaped bud piece into the rootstock incision.

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