Near-surface velocity modeling method and system based on micro-logging and terrain double constraints

Abstract

The invention discloses a near-surface velocity modeling method and system based on micro-logging and terrain double constraints, and belongs to the technical field of near-surface velocity modeling. Comprising the following steps: acquiring plane distribution data and stratum attitude data of a stratum and a fault interface in a work area, and establishing a three-dimensional stratum model of an extremely shallow layer; acquiring micro-logging data, and establishing an ultra-shallow three-dimensional block space model based on the micro-logging data and the ultra-shallow three-dimensional stratum model; obtaining velocity plane distribution diagrams in different small layers and different closed interfaces based on the ultra-shallow three-dimensional block space model; establishing a micro-logging initial velocity model based on a velocity plane distribution diagram and the ultra-shallow three-dimensional block space model; and performing micro-logging constrained near-trace inversion based on the micro-logging initial velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model. By means of the micro-logging and earth surface topographic data double-constraint modeling method, the precision and reliability of the shallow speed are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of near-surface velocity modeling, and relates to a near-surface velocity modeling method and system based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography. Background Art

[0002] Fine velocity modeling and migration imaging are the keys to onshore complex mountain seismic exploration, and near-surface modeling is the starting point and key core of the entire velocity modeling. The first arrival wave in seismic acquisition records has the highest signal-to-noise ratio and contains near-surface velocity information. Therefore, the first arrival wave information is an effective data that can be used for surface layer modeling. In order to further improve the accuracy of near-surface inversion, constrained inversion is carried out using shallow micro-logging data for constraint, and this technology is widely applied in onshore complex mountain exploration areas.

[0003] In micro-logging constrained tomographic inversion, shallow refraction data or micro-logging data are used as constraint conditions, and an ultra-shallow micro-logging velocity model is established using an interpolation algorithm. Finally, constrained tomographic inversion is completed. However, the spatial distribution of such data is relatively sparse, and the range cannot be controlled during spatial interpolation. The interpolation results often show "bull's-eye" velocity anomalies, and the velocity change ranges of different strata cannot be accurately characterized, affecting the quality of the entire tomographic inversion results. Therefore, new boundary conditions need to be introduced for constraint. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the interpolation results often show "bull's-eye" velocity anomalies in the existing micro-logging constrained tomographic inversion, and the velocity change ranges of different strata cannot be accurately characterized, and to provide a near-surface velocity modeling method and system based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography, including: Obtain the plane distribution data of strata and fault interfaces and the strata occurrence data in the work area, and establish an ultra-shallow three-dimensional stratum model; Obtain micro-logging data, and establish an ultra-shallow three-dimensional block space model based on the micro-logging data and the ultra-shallow three-dimensional stratum model; Based on the ultra-shallow three-dimensional block space model, obtain the velocity plane distribution maps within different small layers and different closed interfaces; establish an initial micro-logging velocity model based on the velocity plane distribution maps and the ultra-shallow three-dimensional block space model; Perform micro-logging constrained near-trace inversion based on the initial micro-logging velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model.

[0006] A further improvement of the present invention lies in: The establishment of the extremely shallow three-dimensional stratigraphic model specifically includes: Obtain the plane distribution data of the strata and fault interfaces in the work area based on the surface geological plan, and divide the surface into multiple closed interfaces; Obtain the attitude data of the strata in the work area, including dip angle and dip direction; With the attitude data of the strata in the work area as a constraint, perform vertical extension of the plane distribution data of the strata and fault interfaces to establish an extremely shallow three-dimensional stratigraphic model.

[0007] The vertical stratigraphic extension direction of the vertical extension is controlled by the attitude data of the strata in the work area, and the vertical extension range exceeds the average measurement depth of the micro-logging in the work area.

[0008] The establishment of the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model includes: Obtain micro-logging data, and perform vertical sub-layer division on the extremely shallow three-dimensional stratigraphic model based on the micro-logging data; the stratigraphic interface performs horizontal division on the extremely shallow three-dimensional stratigraphic model to obtain an extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model.

[0009] The establishment of the initial micro-logging velocity model specifically includes: Calculate the average velocity within the sub-layers at different well points in the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model; Based on the average velocity, perform planar interpolation on the velocities of all micro-logging within the same sub-layer and one closed interface to obtain a velocity planar distribution map for each same sub-layer and one closed interface; Fill the velocity planar distribution map of each same sub-layer and one closed interface horizontally with velocities in different blocks of the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model to obtain an initial micro-logging velocity model.

[0010] The vertical velocity within each sub-layer is a constant interpolation.

[0011] The micro-logging constrained near-offset inversion based on the initial micro-logging velocity model to obtain the near-surface velocity model specifically includes: Take the initial micro-logging velocity model as a constraint condition, combine the travel-time residual to form an objective function, solve the least-squares solution of the objective function with Lagrangian constraints, and carry out micro-logging constrained near-offset inversion to obtain the near-surface velocity model.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a near-surface velocity modeling system based on double constraints of micro-logging and topography, including: An extremely shallow three-dimensional stratigraphic model establishment module, which obtains the plane distribution data of the strata and fault interfaces in the work area, the attitude data of the strata, and establishes an extremely shallow three-dimensional stratigraphic model; The extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model establishment module obtains micro-logging data and establishes an extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model based on the micro-logging data and the extremely shallow three-dimensional formation model; The micro-logging initial velocity model establishment module calculates the velocities within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces in the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model to obtain a velocity plane distribution map within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces; based on the velocity plane distribution map within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces and the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model, a micro-logging initial velocity model is established; The near-surface velocity model establishment module performs micro-logging constrained near-trace inversion based on the micro-logging initial velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above-mentioned near-surface velocity modeling method based on double constraints of micro-logging and topography are implemented.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned near-surface velocity modeling method based on double constraints of micro-logging and topography are implemented.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a near-surface velocity modeling method based on double constraints of micro-logging and topography. First, an extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model is established, and block-constrained micro-logging spatial interpolation modeling is performed, so that a micro-logging initial velocity model with higher accuracy can be obtained, which can better eliminate the velocity anomalies of the "bull's eye", and the matching degree between the velocity model and the distributions of strata, lithology, and faults is significantly improved. Secondly, "double constraints" inversion is carried out by using data such as surface topography boundaries, measured attitudes, and micro-logging data, which can better improve the accuracy of the first-arrival tomography inversion velocity model and the accuracy of the time-domain static correction and depth-domain surface inversion velocity model. The present invention can obtain a high-precision near-surface velocity model according to information such as the first arrival of seismic data, micro-logging, strata, and attitudes, and the calculation method is scientific, efficient, and highly efficient. Therefore, the present invention can be widely applied to the near-surface seismic exploration process in the piedmont area on land. By using the "double constraints" modeling method of the micro-logging and surface topography data of the present invention, the accuracy and reliability of the shallow-layer velocity are improved, providing an effective technical solution for solving complex surface static correction and depth-domain velocity modeling in seismic data processing, and can improve the accuracy of pre-stack depth migration imaging. It is of great significance for improving the overall velocity modeling accuracy and migration imaging quality. Description of the Drawings

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the superposition of formation lithology boundaries and digital elevation in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a diagram of formation boundary plane division and occurrence in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a superposition diagram of formation longitudinal extension and seismic profile in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional stereoscopic display diagram of formation longitudinal extension in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of establishing a very shallow three-dimensional block space model in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of micro-logging longitudinal sub-layer division, Figure 6 (b) is a layer thickness plan view of micro-logging longitudinal sub-layer division; Figure 7 It is a very shallow three-dimensional space model and block segmentation display diagram in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of plane interpolation of micro-logging velocity constrained by formation boundaries in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 9 It is a comparison diagram of the effects of micro-logging interpolation initial velocity models in a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 9 (a) is the effect diagram of conventional micro-logging constraint, Figure 9 (b) is the effect diagram of "dual constraints" of micro-logging and surface topography data; Figure 10 It is a specific operation step diagram of a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 11System diagram of a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography in the present invention; Figure 12 Module diagram of the electronic device in the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that: Similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0021] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention discloses a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography, including: S1, obtaining the plane distribution data of the formation and fault interfaces and the formation attitude data in the work area, and establishing a very shallow three-dimensional formation model; S2, obtaining micro-logging data, and establishing a very shallow three-dimensional block space model based on the micro-logging data and the very shallow three-dimensional formation model; S3, obtaining the velocity plane distribution maps within different small layers and different closed interfaces of the very shallow three-dimensional block space model; establishing an initial micro-logging velocity model based on the velocity plane distribution maps and the very shallow three-dimensional block space model; S4, performing micro-logging constrained near-trace inversion based on the initial micro-logging velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model.

[0022] The present invention discloses a near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography. First, a very shallow three-dimensional block space model is established, and block-constrained micro-logging spatial interpolation modeling is performed, so that a higher-precision initial micro-logging velocity model can be obtained, which can better eliminate the velocity anomaly of the "bull's eye", and the matching degree of the velocity model with the distribution of the formation, lithology, and fracture is significantly improved. For exampleFigure 9 As shown in the figure. Secondly, by using data such as surface terrain boundaries, measured attitudes, and micro-logging data to carry out "double-constrained" inversion, the accuracy of the first-arrival tomography inversion velocity model can be better improved, and the accuracy of the static correction in the time domain and the surface layer inversion velocity model in the depth domain can be improved. The present invention can obtain a high-precision near-surface velocity model based on information such as the first arrival of seismic data, micro-logging, formation, and attitude, and the calculation method is scientific, efficient, and high. Therefore, the present invention can be widely applied to the near-surface seismic exploration process in the piedmont area on land. Using the "double-constrained" modeling method of micro-logging and surface terrain data of the present invention improves the accuracy and reliability of shallow-layer velocity, provides an effective technical solution for solving complex surface static correction and depth-domain velocity modeling in seismic data processing, and can improve the accuracy of prestack depth migration imaging. It is of great significance for improving the overall velocity modeling accuracy and migration imaging quality.

[0023] See Figure 1 and Figure 10 , an embodiment of the present invention discloses a near-surface velocity modeling method based on double constraints of micro-logging and terrain. The following will specifically describe the content of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments: The method includes the following steps: (1) Using data such as surface terrain and measured attitude to establish a very shallow three-dimensional formation model; (2) Dividing the formation into small longitudinal layers with micro-logging data to establish a very shallow three-dimensional block space model. (3) Interpolating and extrapolating the micro-logging data by controlling the block boundaries to establish an initial micro-logging velocity model; (4) Conducting first-arrival tomography inversion velocity modeling with micro-logging constraints to obtain a near-surface velocity model, and then obtaining a near-surface velocity model data volume for depth migration.

[0024] Step 1, establish a very shallow three-dimensional formation model.

[0025] ① Extract the plane distribution data of the main formations and fault interfaces from the surface geological plan, and divide the surface into multiple closed interfaces.

[0026] ② Obtain the data of the attitudes (dip angle and dip direction) of the main surface formations in the work area, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0027] ③ With the formation attitude data as constraints, longitudinally extend the formation interface data (plane distribution data of formations and fault interfaces) to establish a fine very shallow three-dimensional formation model. The longitudinal formation extension direction is controlled by the attitude information, and the longitudinal extension range exceeds the average measurement depth of micro-logging in the work area, and is also constrained by the distribution of seismic event axes below the near surface; ensure that the formation attitudes of the shallow layer - middle deep layer are consistent with the seismic interpretation horizons. As Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown.

[0028] Step 2, establish a very shallow three-dimensional block space model.

[0029] ①Perform formation vertical sub - layer division on micro - log data to obtain a sub - layer depth plan view, as shown in Figure 6 Figure (a).

[0030] ②Establish a three - dimensional block space model for the extremely shallow layer. Divide the near - surface longitudinally and transversely into different blocks. Horizontally, the blocks are separated by formation interfaces, and vertically, they are separated by the sub - layer interfaces interpreted by micro - logs, as shown in Figure 7 Figure.

[0031] Step three, initial velocity modeling of micro - logs controlled by blocks.

[0032] ①Perform formation vertical sub - layer division on micro - log data to obtain the average velocity within the sub - layer at different well points, as shown in Figure 6 Figure (b); ②Use the velocities of all micro - logs within the same sub - layer and a closed interface for planar interpolation. A velocity plane distribution map can be obtained within the same sub - layer and a closed interface; in this way, obtain the velocity plane distribution maps within different sub - layers and different closed interfaces, as shown in Figure 8 Figure; ③Using the three - dimensional block space model of the extremely shallow layer obtained in step two, perform lateral velocity filling of the plane velocity distribution maps extracted from all sub - layers within different blocks. The longitudinal velocity within the sub - layer is interpolated as a constant to obtain the initial velocity model of micro - logs, as shown in Figure 9 Figure (b), Figure 9 Figure (a) is a conventional micro - log constrained model.

[0033] Step four, first - arrival tomography inversion velocity modeling with micro - log constraints to obtain the near - surface velocity model.

[0034] Take the initial velocity model of micro - logs as a constraint condition, and together with the travel - time residual, form an objective function. Solve the least - squares solution of the objective function with Lagrangian constraints, and carry out near - trace inversion with micro - log constraints to obtain a high - precision near - surface velocity model; take the shallower velocity inverted from the near - offset as a constraint condition, and gradually carry out inversion for medium and far offsets.

[0035] See Figure 11 , this embodiment of the present invention discloses a near - surface velocity modeling system based on double constraints of micro - logs and topography, including: An extremely shallow layer three - dimensional formation model establishment module, which obtains the plane distribution data of the formation and fault interfaces and the formation attitude data in the work area, and establishes an extremely shallow layer three - dimensional formation model; An extremely shallow layer three - dimensional block space model establishment module, which obtains micro - log data and establishes an extremely shallow layer three - dimensional block space model based on the micro - log data and the extremely shallow layer three - dimensional formation model; The micro-log initial velocity model establishment module calculates the velocities within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces in the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model, and obtains the velocity plane distribution maps within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces; based on the velocity plane distribution maps within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces and the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model, a micro-log initial velocity model is established; The near-surface velocity model establishment module performs micro-log constrained near-offset inversion based on the micro-log initial velocity model to obtain the near-surface velocity model.

[0036] First of all, the system establishes an extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model and conducts block-constrained micro-log spatial interpolation modeling, which can obtain a micro-log initial velocity model with higher accuracy, can better eliminate the velocity anomalies of the "bull's eye", and significantly improve the matching degree of the velocity model with the distributions of strata, lithology, and faults. Secondly, using data such as surface terrain boundaries, measured attitudes, and micro-log data to carry out "double-constrained" inversion can better improve the accuracy of the first-arrival tomography inversion velocity model and the accuracy of the time-domain static correction and depth-domain surface layer inversion velocity model. The present invention can obtain a high-precision near-surface velocity model based on information such as the first arrival of seismic data, micro-log, strata, and attitude, and the calculation method is scientific, efficient, and high, so the present invention can be widely applied to the near-surface seismic exploration process in the onshore piedmont zone. Using the "double-constrained" modeling system of the micro-log and surface terrain data of the present invention improves the accuracy and reliability of the shallow-layer velocity, provides an effective technical solution for solving complex surface static correction and depth-domain velocity modeling in seismic data processing, and can improve the accuracy of pre-stack depth migration imaging. It is of great significance for improving the overall velocity modeling accuracy and migration imaging quality.

[0037] See Figure 12 For the third object of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the near-surface velocity modeling method based on double constraints of micro-log and terrain are implemented.

[0038] The near-surface velocity modeling method based on double constraints of micro-log and terrain includes the following steps: Obtain the plane distribution data of strata and fault interfaces and the strata attitude data in the work area, and establish an extremely shallow three-dimensional strata model; Obtain micro-log data, and establish an extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model based on the micro-log data and the extremely shallow three-dimensional strata model; Based on the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model, obtain the velocity plane distribution maps within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces; based on the velocity plane distribution maps and the extremely shallow three-dimensional block space model, establish a micro-log initial velocity model; Perform micro-log constrained near-offset inversion based on the initial micro-log velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model.

[0039] The fourth objective of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-log and topography.

[0040] The near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-log and topography includes the following steps: Obtain the planar distribution data of strata and fault interfaces and the attitude data of strata in the work area, and establish a three-dimensional model of the extremely shallow strata. Obtain micro-log data, and establish a three-dimensional block space model of the extremely shallow strata based on the micro-log data and the three-dimensional model of the extremely shallow strata. Based on the three-dimensional block space model of the extremely shallow strata, obtain the velocity planar distribution maps within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces thereof; establish an initial micro-log velocity model based on the velocity planar distribution maps and the three-dimensional block space model of the extremely shallow strata. Perform micro-log constrained near-offset inversion based on the initial micro-log velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model.

[0041] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memories, CD-ROMs, optical memories, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0042] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the specified functions in one Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0043] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufacture including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0044] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operational steps are performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks, as Figure 8 shown.

[0045] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography, characterized in that, Including: Obtain the planar distribution data of the formation and fault interfaces in the work area and the formation attitude data, and establish a very shallow three-dimensional formation model; Obtain micro-logging data, and establish a very shallow three-dimensional block space model based on the micro-logging data and the very shallow three-dimensional formation model; Based on the very shallow three-dimensional block space model, obtain the velocity planar distribution maps within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces thereof; establish an initial micro-logging velocity model based on the velocity planar distribution maps and the very shallow three-dimensional block space model; Perform micro-logging constrained near-offset inversion based on the initial micro-logging velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model.

2. The near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography according to claim 1, wherein The establishment of the very shallow three-dimensional formation model specifically includes: Based on the surface geological plan, obtain the planar distribution data of the formation and fault interfaces in the work area, and divide the surface into multiple closed interfaces; Obtain the formation attitude data in the work area, including dip angle and dip direction; Perform longitudinal extension of the planar distribution data of the formation and fault interfaces with the formation attitude data in the work area as a constraint to establish a very shallow three-dimensional formation model.

3. The near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography according to claim 2, characterized in that, The longitudinal formation extension direction of the longitudinal extension is controlled by the formation attitude data in the work area, and the longitudinal extension range exceeds the average measurement depth of micro-logging in the work area.

4. The near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography according to claim 1, wherein The establishment of the very shallow three-dimensional block space model includes: Obtain micro-logging data, and perform longitudinal sub-layer division of the very shallow three-dimensional formation model based on the micro-logging data; the formation interface performs transverse division on the very shallow three-dimensional formation model to obtain a very shallow three-dimensional block space model.

5. The near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography according to claim 1, wherein The establishment of the initial micro-logging velocity model specifically includes: Calculate the average velocity within the sub-layers of different well points in the very shallow three-dimensional block space model; Based on the average velocity, perform planar interpolation on the velocities of all micro-logging within the same sub-layer and one closed interface to obtain the velocity planar distribution map of each same sub-layer and one closed interface; Perform velocity transverse filling of the velocity planar distribution maps of each same sub-layer and one closed interface in different blocks of the very shallow three-dimensional block space model to obtain an initial micro-logging velocity model.

6. The near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography according to claim 5, characterized in that The longitudinal velocity within each sub-layer is constant interpolation.

7. The near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography according to claim 1, wherein The performing of micro-logging constrained near-offset inversion based on the initial micro-logging velocity model to obtain a near-surface velocity model specifically includes: Take the initial micro-logging velocity model as a constraint condition, combine the travel-time residual to form an objective function, solve the least squares solution of the objective function with Lagrangian constraints, and carry out micro-logging constrained near-offset inversion to obtain a near-surface velocity model.

8. A near-surface velocity modeling system based on dual constraints of micro-logging and topography, characterized in that, Including: A very shallow three-dimensional formation model establishment module, which obtains the planar distribution data of the formation and fault interfaces in the work area and the formation attitude data, and establishes a very shallow three-dimensional formation model; A very shallow three-dimensional block space model establishment module, which obtains micro-logging data, and establishes a very shallow three-dimensional block space model based on the micro-logging data and the very shallow three-dimensional formation model; An initial micro-logging velocity model establishment module, which calculates the velocities within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces of the very shallow three-dimensional block space model to obtain the velocity planar distribution maps within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces; establishes an initial micro-logging velocity model based on the velocity planar distribution maps within different sub-layers and different closed interfaces and the very shallow three-dimensional block space model; The near-surface velocity model establishment module performs micro-log constrained near-offset inversion based on the initial micro-log velocity model to obtain the near-surface velocity model.

9. An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-log and terrain according to any one of claims 1-7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the near-surface velocity modeling method based on dual constraints of micro-log and terrain according to any one of claims 1-7 are implemented.

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