This invention discloses a
deep learning-based method for predicting the phenological synchronization of specialized butterflies and their
host plants, belonging to the interdisciplinary field of
biodiversity conservation, ecological prediction, and
deep learning technology. The method includes: collecting environmental climate variables, butterfly
occurrence data, and phenological time-
series data of their
host plants; preprocessing the data to create training and validation sets; constructing a dual-
label system with the day of year (DOY) of butterfly occurrence peaks (e.g., emergence peak, egg-laying peak) as the primary
label and the normalized value of synchronization deviation as the secondary
label; building a
deep learning model with ecological weights, including an embedding layer, an LSTM layer, and a fusion layer; inputting a vector concatenated from daily or weekly climate time-series features and ecological dynamic features; and outputting the primary and secondary labels through a dual-output layer; designing a
hybrid loss function that integrates the main regression loss, ecological synchronization constraint loss, and small-sample regularization loss; training the model using the Adam optimizer and implementing an
early stopping mechanism; and validating and evaluating the model using regression accuracy and ecological synchronization accuracy indicators. The method includes modules for
data acquisition, preprocessing, label construction, model training, prediction evaluation, and storage. This invention improves the accuracy of phenological synchronous prediction by embedding ecological
dynamic feature weights and dual-label constraints, adapts to
small sample scenarios, and provides
technical support for the monitoring and protection management of rare butterfly species (such as the Golden Birdwing and the Chinese Tiger Swallowtail).