Landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals

Abstract

The invention relates to a landslide disaster monitoring system based on an acoustic emission signal, which is applied to the field of acoustic wave measurement, and is characterized in that a sensing hardware group is mounted on a geology to be monitored, a geological acoustic signal is acquired and analyzed by using an acoustic emission sensor, whether a landslide signal exists or not is judged, and graded early warning of a landslide precursor is realized; the actual landslide state is effectively perceived by combining the data change of the pressure sensor, further judgment and early warning are realized, dual backup is performed on the acquired sound signals through an external memory and a data memory arranged in the sound emission sensor, and when the data change of the pressure sensor is performed, the sensing hardware group is disassembled, so that the real-time monitoring of the landslide state is realized. According to the method, the acoustic emission sensor and the external memory are dispersed in the landslide mass, and the distribution range of the external memory is effectively enlarged by utilizing the extension of the extension line in the landslide mass, so that the searching probability of backup data in the landslide mass is improved, and actual data support is provided for future landslide disaster prediction work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a landslide disaster monitoring system, in particular to a landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals and applied in the field of acoustic wave measurement. Background Art

[0002] Acoustic emission is a phenomenon in which stress concentration inside an object causes the rapid release of energy through elastic waves. Acoustic emission technology has developed from the fields of pressure vessel detection, metal fatigue detection and fracture mechanics application to the current fields of seismology and geophysics. The process in which the original structure inside the mountain is destroyed and relative sliding occurs will release acoustic emission signals, such as the acoustic emission signals generated by rock fracture. Through the detection and analysis of acoustic emission, the location of the landslide point and the prediction of the landslide time can be achieved.

[0003] For example, the specification of Chinese patent CN101799284B discloses a landslide acoustic wave monitoring device, which includes a pressure field acoustic wave sensor, a monitoring host and a PC installed with landslide geological disaster monitoring software. The monitoring host further processes the signal obtained by the pressure field acoustic wave sensor, and the PC is used to store, display, analyze and warn the signal. The present invention uses the acoustic wave information generated by rock fracture and friction when the landslide body is about to slide to monitor the landslide, and can obtain the precursor information of the landslide body in the early stage of sliding in time, and warn according to the software analysis, thereby reducing the loss of life and property of nearby people caused by landslide disasters.

[0004] For another example, the specification of Chinese patent CN118293838A discloses a coal mine rock and soil displacement landslide alarm system using acoustic wave monitoring. The rock and soil displacement at all displacement monitoring points is obtained by performing acoustic wave monitoring, and the displacement conditions of all displacement monitoring points are analyzed accordingly to generate a high-risk signal for landslide or a low-risk signal for landslide. When a high-risk signal for landslide is generated, personnel are evacuated in a timely manner and corresponding control measures are taken in a targeted manner to effectively avoid casualties and property losses. When a low-risk signal for landslide is generated, all displacement monitoring points are periodically monitored and analyzed to grasp the risk growth status of each location, realize the displacement and landslide risk prediction of coal mine rock strata, and further ensure coal mine safety.

[0005] When using acoustic emission monitoring technology to monitor landslides, each collection node needs to transmit data to the background monitoring terminal for data storage and analysis. However, in actual situations, when the collection node transmits data, it is easy for a variety of factors (such as electromagnetic interference, bad weather, etc.) to cause signal attenuation, line failure, etc., resulting in data transmission failure, thereby causing the loss of important collected data, affecting landslide monitoring work, and it is difficult to provide more data reference for future landslide disaster prediction work. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that external interference factors can easily lead to signal attenuation of acoustic signal collection nodes, data transmission line failure and other problems, resulting in data transmission failure and loss of collected landslide acoustic signal data, affecting subsequent landslide disaster prediction work.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, including a monitoring and early warning center and a sensor matrix formed by a plurality of sensor hardware groups; The sensing hardware group includes an acoustic emission sensor and a protective box, the interior of the protective box is fixedly connected with an external memory and a controller, the controller is equipped with a signal acquisition and storage module, and the signal acquisition and storage module includes an acquisition unit, a bidirectional storage unit, a state sensing unit and a cracking unit; The acoustic emission sensor and the outer end of the protective box are sleeved with the same cracking box, the lower end of the protective box is fixedly connected to a single mask extending to the outside of the cracking box, and the inner top surface of the single mask is fixedly connected to a pressure sensor; The protective box includes an outer box and an inner box. The inner box is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer box, and an air cavity is formed between the two. A gas generating device is fixedly connected to the interior of the inner box, and an air guide pipe is fixedly connected to the gas generating device. The air guide pipe is fixedly connected to the inner box and is connected to the air cavity. A plurality of evenly distributed connecting pipes are fixedly connected to the side end of the outer box, and an extension line is threadedly connected to the end of the connecting pipe away from the outer box.

[0008] As a further supplement to the present application, the cracking box includes a pair of half-box bodies, a pair of side ends of the protective box are fixedly connected to electromagnets, the inner walls of the half-box bodies are fixedly connected to magnets, one side end of the half-box bodies is fixedly connected to multiple docking plates, and the side end of the other half-box body is provided with multiple docking grooves, and the multiple docking plates are respectively inserted into the interior of the multiple docking grooves.

[0009] As a further supplement to the present application, the external memory and the controller are both fixedly connected to the inside of the inner box, the acoustic emission sensor is connected to the acquisition unit, the external memory and the data receiving module are both connected to the bidirectional storage unit, the pressure sensor is connected to the state sensing unit, and the electromagnet is connected to the cracking unit.

[0010] As a further supplement to the present application, the signal acquisition and storage module also includes a gas generating unit, and the gas generating device is connected to the gas generating unit.

[0011] As a further supplement to the present application, the monitoring and early warning center includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, a signal feature library and an early warning module. The signal feature library stores acoustic signal feature data of precursors to landslides.

[0012] As a further supplement to the present application, a flexible sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the single mask. The flexible sleeve is made of anti-corrosion rubber material and is arranged on the outside of the pressure sensor.

[0013] As a further supplement to the present application, the extension line is connected to the air cavity through a connecting pipe. The extension line includes a joint, an inflatable rope and an end. The inflatable rope is fixedly connected between the joint and the end. The inflatable rope includes an outer soft cover and a rope core. The rope core is located inside the outer soft cover, and an inflatable space is formed between the two. The joint is connected to the inflatable space.

[0014] As a further supplement to the present application, a piston plate is slidably connected to the inside of the outer box, the piston plate is located on the upper side of the inner box, and a compression spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the piston plate and the inner top surface of the outer box.

[0015] A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, the use method of which comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining the acoustic emission signal of the geology to be monitored in real time through the signal acquisition and storage module, and sending the acoustic emission signal to the monitoring and early warning center and the external storage device respectively; S2, after the data processing module processes and analyzes the acoustic emission signal, it extracts the frequency characteristics of the acoustic emission signal and compares it with the pre-stored landslide acoustic signal characteristic data. When the similarity between the two is not less than the set similarity threshold C, it is determined to be a landslide signal; S3, when the landslide signal is detected in step S2, the monitoring and early warning center issues a first-level early warning, and then continues with steps S1 and S2; S4: When the landslide signal is detected again within the set time range, a second-level warning is issued; S5. In step S3, when the pressure sensor detects a significant change in pressure data, the signal acquisition and storage module sends the pressure data to the monitoring and early warning center. At this time, the monitoring and early warning center issues a third-level early warning. At the same time, the cracking unit is started to open the cracking box. As the landslide moves, the acoustic emission sensor and the protective box will be dispersed inside the landslide.

[0016] As another improvement of the present application, in step S5, after the cracking unit is started, a delay of T time is applied, and then the gas generating unit is started, so that the gas generating device generates gas and releases the gas into the gas cavity through the gas duct, and then the gas is dispersed into multiple extension lines, so that the extension lines are stretched, causing the extension lines to be distributed in the landslide body.

[0017] In summary, in this application, a sensor matrix composed of multiple sensor hardware groups is installed on the geological area to be monitored. By using acoustic emission sensors to collect and analyze geological acoustic signals, it is determined whether there are landslide signals, realizing hierarchical early warning of landslide precursors. Then, through the data changes of pressure sensors, the actual landslide state is effectively perceived to achieve further judgment and early warning. In addition, the collected acoustic signals are double-backed up by the built-in data storage of the acoustic emission sensors and external memories. At the same time when the pressure sensor data changes, the sensor hardware groups are disassembled, so that the acoustic emission sensors and external memories are scattered in the landslide body. During the later process of dealing with the landslide body, the acquisition probability of the backed-up data can be increased, providing actual data support for future landslide disaster prediction work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 System diagrams of the first, second, and third implementation manners of this application; Figure 2 Stereograms of the sensor hardware groups in the first, second, and third implementation manners of this application; Figure 3 Side structure schematic diagrams of the sensor hardware group in the first implementation manner of this application; Figure 4 Stereogram of the sensor hardware group in the first implementation manner of this application before assembly Figure 1 ; Figure 5 Stereogram of the sensor hardware group in the first implementation manner of this application before assembly Figure 2 ; Figure 6 Side structure schematic diagrams of the sensor hardware group in the first implementation manner of this application during installation; Figure 7 State diagrams of the sensor hardware group in the first implementation manner of this application during a landslide; Figure 8 Side structure schematic diagrams of the sensor hardware group in the second and third implementation manners of this application after assembly; Figure 9 Side structure schematic diagrams of the sensor hardware group in the second and third implementation manners of this application before assembly; Figure 10 Stereograms of the protective boxes in the second and third implementation manners of this application; Figure 11 Change state diagrams of the extension lines when the gas generating device is started in the second and third implementation manners of this application; Figure 12 Side structure schematic diagrams of the extension lines in the second and third implementation manners of this application; Figure 13Schematic diagram of the partial side structure of the inflatable rope in the second and third embodiments of the present application; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the partial side structure of the connection between the joint and the inflatable rope in the second and third embodiments of the present application.

[0019] Explanation of the reference numerals in the figure: 1 Acoustic emission sensor, 2 External memory, 3 Protective box, 301 Electromagnet, 31 Outer box, 32 Inner box, 33 Gas generating device, 34 Air duct, 35 Piston plate, 36 Compression spring, 37 Connecting pipe, 4 Single mask, 5 Pressure sensor, 6 Flexible sleeve, 7 Cracking box, 71 Half box body, 7101 Docking groove, 72 Docking plate, 73 Magnet, 8 Extension wire, 81 Joint, 82 Inflatable rope, 8201 Outer soft sleeve, 8202 Rope core, 83 End head. Specific embodiments

[0020] The following will describe the three embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] The first embodiment: The present invention provides a landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals. Please refer to Figure 1 , which includes a sensor matrix composed of multiple sensing hardware groups and a monitoring and early warning center. The monitoring and early warning center includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, a signal feature library, and an early warning module. The signal feature library stores acoustic signal feature data during the precursor stage of landslide occurrence. This acoustic signal feature data can be extracted from the historical monitoring data of past landslide accidents. The data receiving module is used to receive the monitoring data sent by the sensing hardware group, and the early warning module is used to issue early warning reminders.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the sensing hardware group includes an acoustic emission sensor 1 and a protective box 3. An external memory 2 and a controller are fixedly connected inside the protective box 3. The acoustic emission sensor 1 itself has a protective shell, and both the protective shell and the protective box 3 are made of high-strength materials, such as carbon steel and stainless steel, to reduce the damage to the internal electronic components during landslide occurrence. The outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 are sleeved with the same cracking box 7. The lower end of the protective box 3 is fixedly connected with a single mask 4 extending to the outside of the cracking box 7. The inner top surface of the single mask 4 is fixedly connected with a pressure sensor 5. The cracking box 7 includes a pair of half box bodies 71. A pair of side ends of the protective box 3 are fixedly connected with electromagnets 301, and the inner wall of the half box body 71 is fixedly connected with magnets 73; Combined with Figure 4As shown, the acoustic emission sensor 1, the protective box 3, and the cracking box 7 are detachable structures. The assembly method is as follows: First, put a half box body 71 on one side end of the protective box 3, and make the lower end of the protective box 3 fit with the inner bottom surface of the half box body 71. Then, place the acoustic emission sensor 1 on the upper end of the protective box 3 and insert it between the protective box 3 and the half box body 71 (the sum of the vertical lengths of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 is equal to the vertical length of the inner notch of the half box body 71, so that the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 are not easy to shake between a pair of half box bodies 71 after assembly). Next, put the other half box body 71 on the other side end of the protective box 3. The electromagnet 301 is in the power-on and open state, generating a magnetic attraction force on the magnet 73, so that a pair of half box bodies 71 are stably sleeved on the outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3.

[0023] The controller is equipped with a signal acquisition and storage module. The signal acquisition and storage module includes an acquisition unit, a bidirectional storage unit, a state sensing unit, and a cracking unit. The acoustic emission sensor 1 is connected to the acquisition unit, and both the external memory 2 and the data receiving module are connected to the bidirectional storage unit. The acoustic emission sensor 1 is used to collect the actual acoustic emission signals of the geology and transmit them to the acquisition unit. Subsequently, the bidirectional storage unit synchronously sends the actual acoustic emission signals to the external memory 2 and the data receiving module. On the one hand, the monitoring and warning center processes and analyzes the data to judge whether it is a landslide signal. On the other hand, the external memory 2 backs up and stores the actual acoustic emission signals. In addition, the acoustic emission sensor 1 also has a built-in memory, so that the acoustic emission sensor 1 itself also has the function of data storage. The pressure sensor 5 is connected to the state sensing unit, and the electromagnet 301 is connected to the cracking unit.

[0024] The installation method of the sensing hardware group of this application includes the following: Please refer to Figure 6 , drill a vertical hole on the surface of the geology to be monitored that is slightly larger than the size of the sensing hardware group (the geology to be monitored is generally soil or rock, and both can be drilled on their surfaces using drilling tools). Place a cushion plate at the bottom of the hole. Then, place the sensing hardware group in the hole with the single mask 4 facing downwards, and make the lower opening of the single mask 4 fit with the upper end of the cushion plate. Then, fill the soil between the sensing hardware group and the hole wall to make the sensing hardware group not easy to move in the hole. Also fill the soil at the upper end of the sensing hardware group and compact it to cover the upper end of the sensing hardware group, and make the upper end of the soil level with the geology surface; The function of the cushion plate is: during the normal monitoring process, the soil in the hole is not easy to enter the single mask 4 and exert a force on the pressure sensor 5, and it is not easy to easily trigger the cracking unit in step S5 below.

[0025] A flexible sleeve 6 is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the single mask 4. The flexible sleeve 6 is made of anti-corrosion rubber material, such as fluororubber. The flexible sleeve 6 covers the outside of the pressure sensor 5 and does not contact the pressure sensor 5 in the initial state, playing a protective role for the pressure sensor 5, making the pressure sensor 5 not easily corroded by the environment such as moisture in the geology and improving the service life of the pressure sensor 5.

[0026] A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, and its usage method includes the following steps: S1. The acoustic emission signals of the geology to be monitored are obtained in real time through the signal acquisition and storage module, and the acoustic emission signals are respectively sent to the monitoring and early warning center and the external memory 2; During the normal monitoring process, the data collected by the acoustic emission sensor 1 will be sent to the monitoring and early warning center for processing and analysis to judge whether it is a landslide signal. However, in actual monitoring, due to the influence of certain factors, there will be a situation where the data transmission fails during the process of sending data to the monitoring and early warning center. The possible factors are: electromagnetic interference (such as high-voltage lines, lightning), signal attenuation caused by bad weather (heavy rain, heavy snow), data transmission line faults, etc. Therefore, through the data storage function of the acoustic emission sensor 1 itself and the storage function of the external memory 2, a double backup effect of the data can be achieved, providing more analysis data for future landslide disaster prediction work; S2. After the data processing module processes and analyzes the acoustic emission signals, the frequency characteristics of the acoustic emission signals are extracted, and they are compared with the pre-stored landslide acoustic signal characteristic data. When the similarity between the two is not less than the set similarity threshold C (for example, the similarity threshold C can be set to 70%), it is determined as a landslide signal; S3. When a landslide signal is detected through step S2, the monitoring and early warning center issues a first-level early warning, and then steps S1 and S2 are continued; S4. When a landslide signal is detected again within the set time range, a second-level early warning is issued; When the acoustic emission sensor 1 collects the acoustic emission signals of the geology, there is a situation where the data collection is inaccurate due to external factors (such as external noise, electromagnetic interference, etc.). By setting the second-level early warning condition in step S4, more timely early warning reminders are given to the staff; S5. In step S3, when the pressure sensor 5 monitors significantly changed pressure data, the signal acquisition and storage module sends the pressure data to the monitoring and early warning center. At this time, the monitoring and early warning center issues a third-level early warning. At the same time, the cracking unit is started to open the cracking box 7. As the landslide body moves, the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protection box 3 will be scattered inside the landslide body.

[0027] Since the sensing hardware group is buried in the geology, when a landslide occurs, the landslide body slides downward under the action of gravity, and cracks and dispersions will inevitably occur inside it, showing a certain degree of disintegration state and sliding downward dispersedly. At this time, the sensing hardware group will move downward with the landslide body. At the same time, due to the disintegration effect of the landslide body, the following effects are easily achieved: For example, Figure 7 As shown, the sensing hardware group is separated from the backing plate, so that the dispersed landslide body enters the single mask 4 during the sliding process, squeezes the flexible sleeve 6, and after the flexible sleeve 6 deforms, it transmits the acting force to the sensing end of the pressure sensor 5, causing the monitored data of the pressure sensor 5 to change significantly. Therefore, to a certain extent, whether there is a landslide situation can be effectively judged through the data change of the pressure sensor 5, and a three-level early warning can be given in time.

[0028] Moreover, when the pressure sensor 5 monitors the change of pressure data, the cracking box 7 is controlled to open. In this way, as the landslide body slides, affected by the acting forces such as geological sliding, tension, and dispersion, it is difficult for the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protection box 3 to maintain synchronous and co-directional sliding, and the two will gradually be located at different positions inside the landslide body. In this way, during the later process of dealing with the landslide body, the probability of obtaining backup data can be improved. The principle is as follows: In actual situations, an excavator is generally used to remove the landslide body. The area involved in the landslide body is generally large, while the volume occupied by the sensing equipment inside it is small, resulting in difficulties in finding and obtaining the sensing equipment during the process of removing the landslide body, and the excavator is also likely to damage the sensing equipment during operation. Therefore, in this application, through the dual backup of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the external memory 2 and the disintegration operation during the landslide process, the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protection box 3 are dispersed, that is, the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the external memory 2 are dispersed. When one of them is found and not damaged, the acoustic signal data before and during the landslide can be obtained, thereby increasing the probability of obtaining backup data and providing actual data support for future landslide disaster prediction work.

[0029] Combined with Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of docking plates 72 are fixedly connected to the side end of one half box body 71, and a plurality of docking grooves 7101 are opened at the side end of the other half box body 71. When a pair of half box bodies 71 are mutually sleeved outside the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protection box 3, the plurality of docking plates 72 are respectively inserted into the interiors of the plurality of docking grooves 7101, further improving the stability of a pair of half box bodies 71 on the basis of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet 301. The disintegration method of the cracking box 7 in step S5 is: the cracking unit is started, the direction of the energizing current of the electromagnet 301 is changed, that is, the magnetic field direction of the electromagnet 301 is changed, so that the electromagnet 301 generates a magnetic repulsive force on the magnet 73, thereby making a pair of half box bodies 71 move away from each other, and the docking plates 72 are removed from the docking grooves 7101, exposing the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protection box 3 in the landslide body, facilitating the dispersion of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protection box 3.

[0030] The second implementation mode: On the basis of the first implementation mode, the following specific settings are made for the structure of the protection box 3: Please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the protection box 3 includes an outer box 31 and an inner box 32. The inner box 32 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer box 31, and an air cavity is formed between the two. The external memory 2 and the controller are both fixedly connected to the inside of the inner box 32. A gas generating device 33 is also fixedly connected to the inside of the inner box 32. A gas guide pipe 34 is fixedly connected to the gas generating device 33. The gas guide pipe 34 fixedly penetrates the inner box 32 and communicates with the air cavity. Combining Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, a plurality of uniformly distributed connecting pipes 37 are fixedly connected to the side end of the outer box 31. One end of the connecting pipe 37 away from the outer box 31 is threadedly connected with an extension wire 8, and the extension wire 8 communicates with the air cavity through the connecting pipe 37. The extension wire 8 and the connecting pipe 37 are detachably connected, which is convenient for the separate storage and transportation of the protection box 3 and the extension wire 8. The signal acquisition and storage module further includes a gas generation unit. The gas generating device 33 is connected to the gas generation unit. The gas generating device 33 can be set according to the existing airbag device on an automobile (including parts such as a gas generator and an igniter, which is the prior art). The gas generation unit is used to start the gas generating device 33 to generate a large amount of gas; As Figure 11 shown, through the setting of the above structure, in step S5, after the cracking unit is started, after a delay of T time, the gas generation unit is started, so that the gas generating device 33 generates gas and releases the gas into the air cavity through the gas guide pipe 34. Subsequently, the gas is dispersed into a plurality of extension wires 8, so that the extension wires 8 are inflated and gradually stretch away from the protection box 3, prompting the extension wires 8 to be deployed and distributed in the landslide body. Combining the acting force generated by the extension wires 8 during the self-opening and dispersing process of the landslide body itself, the distribution range of the extension wires 8 and the protection box 3 in the landslide body is effectively increased. During the later process of clearing the landslide body, it is convenient to search for the protection box 3. When the existence of the extension wire 8 is seen, the protection box 3 can be obtained along the extension wire 8, thereby increasing the probability of successfully finding the external memory 2. Supplementary explanation: In this implementation mode, T can be set to 3-8 seconds. Specifically, those skilled in the art can set it according to the actual geological conditions. For example, when the geology is higher, the duration of the landslide may be longer, and then T can also be appropriately extended, such as set to 6 seconds, which can give the semi-box body 71 enough time to separate from the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protection box 3.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14, the extension line 8 includes a joint 81, an inflatable rope 82, and a terminal 83. The inflatable rope 82 is fixedly connected between the joint 81 and the terminal 83. The inflatable rope 82 includes an outer soft sleeve 8201 and a rope core 8202. The rope core 8202 is located inside the outer soft sleeve 8201, and an inflatable space is formed between the two. The joint 81 is communicated with the inflatable space. Gas enters between the outer soft sleeve 8201 and the rope core 8202 through the connecting pipe 37. The outer soft sleeve 8201 is inflated and stretched, changing to a linear state, which is convenient to push the terminal 83 to move far away. The outer soft sleeve 8201 is made of the same material as the existing airbag, and has characteristics such as high tensile strength and good anti-cracking performance. The rope core 8202 is made of steel wire rope material and has characteristics such as flexibility and high strength. Even if the outer soft sleeve 8201 is cracked under the action of excessive extrusion and friction of the landslide body, the rope core 8202 is not easily broken, enabling the extension line 8 to effectively play its role and assisting in the search for the protection box 3. Supplementary explanation: After the outer soft sleeve 8201 is cracked, the extension line 8 cannot be stretched under the action of gas, and can only rely on the self-dispersing action of the landslide body to drive the extension line 8, increasing the distribution range of the extension line 8.

[0032] The third implementation method: Based on the second implementation method, the structure of the protection box 3 is further set: Combining Figure 8 and Figure 11 As shown, a piston plate 35 is slidably connected inside the outer box 31. The piston plate 35 is located above the inner box 32. A compression spring 36 is fixedly connected between the upper end of the piston plate 35 and the inner top surface of the outer box 31.

[0033] The air chamber space is divided into two parts by the piston plate 35. One is the lower space composed of the lower end of the piston plate 35, the outer box 31, and the inner box 32, and the other is the upper space composed of the upper end of the piston plate 35 and the outer box 31. In actual situations, when the gas generating device 33 is started to generate gas and release it into the lower space, during the inflation and stretching process of the extension line 8, it is easily blocked by the surrounding landslide body, making it difficult for the extension line 8 to be fully stretched in a short time. Therefore, in this implementation method, by setting the piston plate 35 and the compression spring 36, an additional space for gas storage is provided. When the air pressure in the air chamber increases due to the difficulty of the extension line 8 to be fully stretched, it will force the piston plate 35 to move upward, squeezing the compression spring 36 and increasing the range of the lower space. Later, as the landslide body moves, the degree of dispersion of the landslide body gradually increases, and larger space gaps are generated inside it. Through the elastic force of the compression spring 36, the gas will be pressed into the extension line 8 again, enabling the extension line 8 to continue to stretch and increasing the distribution range of the extension line 8 in the landslide body. Supplementary explanation: To facilitate the smooth movement of the piston plate 35, multiple tiny ventilation holes (not shown in the figure) are opened at the upper end of the outer box 31 to maintain the air pressure balance between the upper space and the outside.

[0034] Combined with the current actual requirements, the above-mentioned implementation manners adopted in this application, the scope of protection is not limited thereto. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes made without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, characterized in that: It includes a monitoring and early warning center and a sensor matrix formed by multiple sensor hardware groups; The sensor hardware group includes an acoustic emission sensor (1) and a protective box (3). An external memory (2) and a controller are fixedly connected inside the protective box (3). The controller is equipped with a signal acquisition and storage module, and the signal acquisition and storage module includes an acquisition unit, a bidirectional storage unit, a state sensing unit, and a cracking unit; The outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor (1) and the protective box (3) are sleeved with the same cracking box (7). The lower end of the protective box (3) is fixedly connected with a single-mouth mask (4) extending to the outside of the cracking box (7). A pressure sensor (5) is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the single-mouth mask (4); The protective box (3) includes an outer box (31) and an inner box (32). The inner box (32) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer box (31), and an air cavity is formed between them. A gas generating device (33) is fixedly connected inside the inner box (32). A gas guide pipe (34) is fixedly connected to the gas generating device (33). The gas guide pipe (34) fixedly penetrates the inner box (32) and communicates with the air cavity. A plurality of uniformly distributed connecting pipes (37) are fixedly connected to the side end of the outer box (31). One end of the connecting pipe (37) away from the outer box (31) is threadedly connected with an extension wire (8).

2. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cracking box (7) includes a pair of half boxes (71). Electromagnets (301) are fixedly connected to a pair of side ends of the protective box (3). Magnets (73) are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the half boxes (71). A plurality of docking plates (72) are fixedly connected to the side end of one of the half boxes (71). A plurality of docking grooves (7101) are opened on the side end of the other half box (71). The plurality of docking plates (72) are respectively inserted into the plurality of docking grooves (7101).

3. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 2, characterized in that: The external memory (2) and the controller are both fixedly connected inside the inner box (32). The acoustic emission sensor (1) is connected to the acquisition unit. The external memory (2) and the data receiving module are both connected to the bidirectional storage unit. The pressure sensor (5) is connected to the state sensing unit. The electromagnet (301) is connected to the cracking unit.

4. A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition and storage module further includes a gas generating unit, and the gas generating device (33) is connected to the gas generating unit.

5. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring and early warning center includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, a signal feature library, and an early warning module. The signal feature library stores acoustic signal feature data during the precursor of landslide occurrence.

6. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flexible sleeve (6) is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the single-mouth mask (4). The flexible sleeve (6) is made of anti-corrosion rubber material and covers the outside of the pressure sensor (5).

7. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension line (8) is communicated with the air cavity through a connecting pipe (37). The extension line (8) includes a connector (81), an inflation cord (82) and a terminal (83). The inflation cord (82) is fixedly connected between the connector (81) and the terminal (83). The inflation cord (82) includes an outer soft sleeve (8201) and a cord core (8202). The cord core (8202) is located inside the outer soft sleeve (8201), and an inflation space is formed between the two. The connector (81) is communicated with the inflation space.

8. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: A piston plate (35) is slidably connected inside the outer box (31). The piston plate (35) is located above the inner box (32). A compression spring (36) is fixedly connected between the upper end of the piston plate (35) and the inner top surface of the outer box (31).

9. A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 5, characterized in that: Its usage method includes the following steps: S1. The acoustic emission signals of the geological area to be monitored are obtained in real time through the signal acquisition and storage module, and the acoustic emission signals are respectively sent to the monitoring and warning center and the external memory (2); S2. After the data processing module processes and analyzes the acoustic emission signals, the frequency characteristics of the acoustic emission signals are extracted, and compared with the landslide acoustic signal characteristic data stored in advance. When the similarity between the two is not less than the set similarity threshold C, it is determined as a landslide signal; S3. When a landslide signal is detected through step S2, the monitoring and warning center issues a first-level warning, and then steps S1 and S2 are continued; S4. When a landslide signal is detected again within the set time range, a second-level warning is issued; S5. In step S3, when the pressure sensor (5) monitors significantly changed pressure data, the signal acquisition and storage module sends the pressure data to the monitoring and warning center. At this time, the monitoring and warning center issues a third-level warning. At the same time, the cracking unit is started to open the cracking box (7). As the landslide moves, the acoustic emission sensor (1) and the protection box (3) will be scattered inside the landslide.

10. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S5, after the cracking unit is started, after a delay of T time, the gas generation unit is started to generate gas by the gas generator (33) and release the gas into the air cavity through the air duct (34). Then the gas is dispersed into a plurality of extension lines (8) to make the extension lines (8) stretch, prompting the extension lines (8) to be distributed in the landslide.

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