Power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration method and device considering carbon emission

Abstract

The invention provides a power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration method and device considering carbon emission, and the method comprises the steps: determining the actual power generation amount of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source; calculating a difference value between the actual generating capacity and the historical load demand, namely mismatched power; determining the energy storage unit capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatched power; determining the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system; based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity, determining the energy storage charging electric quantity of the hybrid energy storage system; on the basis of the determined full-life-cycle list of each energy storage mode, carbon emission of energy storage per unit capacity is calculated; and based on the energy storage charging electric quantity and the carbon emission, carrying out full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting on the hybrid energy storage system to obtain a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting result. According to the method, the hybrid energy storage capacity can be determined under the situation of high-proportion renewable energy sources, the environmental influence is considered, and development of a power system is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hybrid energy storage configuration in power systems, and relates to, but is not limited to, a method and device for configuring the capacity of hybrid energy storage in a power system considering carbon emissions. Background Art

[0002] As the proportion of renewable energy in the global energy structure continues to rise, due to its inherent characteristics of intermittency and instability, the power system faces new challenges. In traditional power systems, the power storage capacity has been relatively weak for a long time, resulting in a high dependence on the investment in additional power generation infrastructure to maintain the balance between power supply and demand. However, with the continuous expansion of renewable energy, maintaining this balance will face a more complex situation, and systematic technological innovation and optimization are urgently needed.

[0003] Energy storage systems are one of the effective methods to solve the problems of intermittency and instability of new energy. It can quickly suppress the fluctuations of renewable energy power generation. For example, it stores electrical energy when the power generation power is excessive and releases electrical energy when the power generation power is insufficient, so as to ensure the stability of power supply. In addition, due to the differences in the characteristics and performances of each energy storage technology, no single energy storage form can fully meet the requirements of all applications. Therefore, a hybrid energy storage form is often adopted in practice.

[0004] Regarding the problem of optimizing the configuration of power system energy storage considering low carbon, many scholars have conducted relevant research, but most of them only consider the carbon emissions generated during the operation of energy storage, and do not account for the carbon emissions of energy storage from a whole-life cycle perspective. When optimizing the configuration of power system energy storage in the scenario of high proportion of renewable energy penetration under the "dual carbon" goal, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the carbon emissions of the energy storage system. Therefore, it is very necessary to calculate the whole-life cycle carbon emissions of each energy storage method and quantify its impact on the environment under the condition of meeting the load demand. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method and device for configuring the capacity of hybrid energy storage in a power system considering carbon emissions, which mainly involves determining the capacity of the hybrid energy storage system in the context of high proportion of renewable energy power generation penetration, and accounting for the whole-life cycle carbon emissions of the selected hybrid energy storage combination, aiming to evaluate the impact of the hybrid energy storage system on the environment throughout its life cycle and promote the development of renewable energy power generation and new power systems.

[0006] The technical method of the embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for configuring the capacity of hybrid energy storage in a power system considering carbon emissions, and the method includes:

[0008] Obtain the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source;

[0009] Based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source, determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source;

[0010] Calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power; the calculation method of the mismatch power is as follows: ; where is the installed capacity of renewable energy source i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy source i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t;

[0011] Based on the mismatch power, determine the capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system;

[0012] Based on the preset constraint conditions, determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: ; where is the remaining power generation; is the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, indicating the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle;

[0013] Based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity, determine the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system;

[0014] Based on the life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined, calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage; the carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage are expressed as: ; where represents the manufacturing stage of the th material; represents the recycling stage of the th material; represents the manufacturing process of the th item; is the carbon emission factor corresponding to the th stage of the

[0015] Based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, conduct a life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system to obtain the life cycle carbon emission accounting result.

[0016] Second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for configuring the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system in a power system considering carbon emissions, and the device includes:

[0017] An acquisition module, configured to acquire the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source;

[0018] A determination module, configured to determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source;

[0019] A calculation module, configured to calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power; the calculation method of the mismatch power is as follows: ; where is the installed capacity of renewable energy source i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy source i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t;

[0020] The determination module is further configured to determine the capacity of each energy storage unit in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power;

[0021] The determination module is further configured to determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraint conditions; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: ; where is the remaining power generation; is the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, indicating the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle;

[0022] The determination module is further configured to determine the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity;

[0023] The calculation module is further configured to calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage based on the life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined; the carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage are expressed as: ; where represents the manufacturing stage of the th material; represents the material recycling stage of the th material; represents the th manufacturing process; is the Carbon emission factors corresponding to each item of material

[0024] An accounting module, configured to perform full - life - cycle carbon emission accounting on the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, so as to obtain a full - life - cycle carbon emission accounting result.

[0025] In some embodiments, the determination module is further configured to use a preset capacity factor to scale the total demand curve of each renewable energy source to obtain the power generation curve of each renewable energy source; the preset capacity factor is used to represent the ratio between the actual power generation and the installed capacity; based on the power generation curve and the preset capacity factor, calculate the actual power generation corresponding to each renewable energy source at different time points; the formula for the actual power generation is as follows: ; where is the actual power generation; is the installed capacity.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method further includes: a division module, configured to divide the mismatch power into low - frequency, medium - frequency, and high - frequency based on a preset filtering control strategy; determine the energy storage methods corresponding to the medium - frequency and the high - frequency; the energy storage methods include long - term and short - term; the required rated power is: ; where , n represents the energy storage type, that is, long - term and short - term; is the power flow of the long / short - term energy storage at time t.

[0027] In some embodiments, the determination module is further configured to divide the mismatch power type into surplus power generation and surplus demand; the surplus power generation represents the part of excessive power generation; the surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented; the surplus power generation and the surplus demand are respectively expressed as: ; when the mismatch power type is the surplus power generation, the energy state of the energy storage at time t is as follows: ; when the mismatch power type is the surplus demand, the energy state of the energy storage at time t is as follows: ; where is the energy state of the energy storage at time; and are respectively the energy states of the energy storage after charging and discharging at time; and are the start and end times within the corresponding time period; and respectively represent the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage; is the full self - discharge duration of the energy storage;

[0028] The capacity of the energy storage unit is: .

[0029] In some embodiments, the determining module is further configured to determine the transmission energy transmitted to the power system by the hybrid energy storage system each year based on the capacity of the energy storage unit; the transmission energy is expressed as: ; is the remaining demand for energy storage type n; based on the actual capacity of the energy storage, calculate the charge-discharge loss of the hybrid energy storage system; the charge-discharge loss is expressed as: ; is the energy storage charging power; is the energy storage charging efficiency; is the energy storage discharging efficiency; is the energy state of the energy storage at time ; determine the sum value of the transmission energy and the charge-discharge loss as the energy storage charging power; the energy storage charging power is expressed as: ; where is the energy storage charging power; is the charge-discharge loss; is the transmission energy.

[0030] In some embodiments, the configuration module is further configured to perform a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting on the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power, the carbon emission, the transmission energy, and the energy storage installed capacity, and obtain the full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting result; the full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting formula is expressed as: ; where is the energy storage system charging power; is the carbon intensity of the power supply for charging the energy storage; is the carbon emission for producing a unit capacity of the energy storage; is the actual capacity of the energy storage; is the transmission energy transmitted from the energy storage system to the power system.

[0031] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a memory for storing executable instructions; a processor for implementing the above-mentioned method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions when executing the executable instructions stored in the memory.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions for causing a processor to implement the above-mentioned method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions when executing the executable instructions.

[0033] The method and device for configuring the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system in a power system considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiments of the present invention determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source; calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the mismatch power; determine the capacity of each energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; determine the actual capacity of the energy storage in the hybrid energy storage system based on the preset constraints; determine the charging power of the energy storage in the hybrid energy storage system based on the capacity of the energy storage unit and the actual capacity of the energy storage; calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage based on the life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined; conduct a life cycle carbon emissions accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the charging power of the energy storage and the carbon emissions, and obtain the life cycle carbon emissions accounting result. In this way, the present invention first analyzes the current situation of power production in the region, determines the power generation of various renewable energy generation types, establishes the actual required scenarios through the capacity factor, and then obtains the capacity of the energy storage system through a series of calculations such as mismatch power according to the selected energy storage type. In addition, list the life cycle inventory of the energy storage according to the selected energy storage method, and obtain the life cycle carbon emissions of the energy storage system based on the content of the inventory and the relevant calculations of the power, and evaluate its impact on the environment. The present invention can determine the hybrid energy storage capacity in a high proportion renewable energy scenario and consider the environmental impact, which is helpful for the development of a new power system. The present invention can determine the capacity of the hybrid energy storage system in the context of a new power system, and at the same time consider its environmental impact by using the life cycle assessment method, which is helpful for the development of a new power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration system for a power system considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system in a power system considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system in a new power system considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the load situation of the embodiment provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the mismatch power filtering result provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the low-frequency thermal power compensation situation provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the energy state of each energy storage method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the full life cycle carbon emissions per unit capacity of energy storage in two embodiments provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of a hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device for a power system considering carbon emissions provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments", which describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it can be understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and can be combined with each other without conflict. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] The following describes an exemplary application of the power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device considering carbon emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention. The power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as a terminal or a server. In one implementation, the power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as various types of terminals such as laptops, tablets, desktop computers, and mobile devices; in another implementation, the power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be implemented as a server. Among them, the server can be an independent physical server, a server cluster or a distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, content delivery networks (CDNs, Content Delivery Networks), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The terminal and the server can be directly or indirectly connected through wired or wireless communication methods, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Next, an exemplary application will be described when the power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device considering carbon emissions is implemented as a server.

[0047] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration system 10 considering carbon emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention. To achieve the capacity configuration of the power system hybrid energy storage, an embodiment of the present invention can provide a power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration platform considering carbon emissions, and the power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration platform considering carbon emissions can be implemented as a power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration application considering carbon emissions. The power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration system 10 provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a terminal 110, a network 120, and a server 130. Among them, the server 130 is a server of the power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration application considering carbon emissions. The server 130 can constitute the power system hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device according to the embodiment of the present invention. The terminal 110 is connected to the server 130 through the network 120, and the network 120 can be a wide area network or a local area network, or a combination of the two.

[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1, when configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions, the terminal 110 sends the obtained historical power generation data and historical load demand to the server 130 through the network 120. The server 130 receives the historical power generation data and historical load demand sent by the terminal 110, and determines the actual power generation of each renewable energy source; calculates the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determines the difference as the mismatch power; based on the mismatch power, determines the energy storage unit capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system; based on the preset constraint conditions, determines the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system; based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity, determines the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system; based on the full life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined, calculates the carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage; based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, conducts a full life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system to obtain the full life cycle carbon emission accounting result. After obtaining the full life cycle carbon emission accounting result, the server 130 sends the full life cycle carbon emission accounting result to the terminal 110 through the network 120.

[0049] It should be noted here that cloud technology refers to a hosting technology that unifies a series of resources such as hardware, software, and networks within a wide area network or a local area network to achieve data calculation, storage, processing, and sharing. Cloud technology is the general term for network technology, information technology, integration technology, management platform technology, application technology, etc. based on the cloud computing business model, which can form a resource pool, be used on demand, and be flexible and convenient. Cloud computing technology will become an important support. The background services of the technical network system require a large amount of computing and storage resources, such as video websites, picture-based websites, and more portal websites. With the high development and application of the Internet industry, in the future, each item may have its own identification mark and needs to be transmitted to the background system for logical processing. Data at different levels will be processed separately, and various industry data requires a powerful system support, which can only be achieved through cloud computing.

[0050] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions. Refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a flowchart of the method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and will be described in combination with Figure 2 the steps shown.

[0051] Step S210, obtain the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source.

[0052] Step S220, based on the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source, determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source.

[0053] In some embodiments, renewable energy refers to energy resources that can be continuously regenerated and sustainably utilized in nature. In the field of power systems related to the present invention, common renewable energies include light energy, wind energy, water energy, biomass energy, etc. These energies are clean and sustainable, but their power generation is greatly affected by natural conditions (such as light, wind speed, hydrology, etc.), and there are intermittency and volatility, which is also an important reason for the subsequent need for a hybrid energy storage system for regulation.

[0054] In some embodiments, historical power generation data refers to the electricity generated by renewable energy power generation equipment and related operating parameter information over a past period of time. This data is collected in real time through various sensors (such as power sensors, electricity metering sensors, etc.) installed on the power generation equipment and stored in a data collection device or a monitoring system. The data content covers information such as power generation power, cumulative power generation, and equipment operating status at different time intervals (such as minute-level, hour-level). Therefore, the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the type of historical power generation data.

[0055] In some embodiments, historical load demand refers to the electricity generated by the power grid or a specific power consumption area and related operating parameter information over a past period of time. This data is collected in real time through various sensors (such as power sensors, electricity metering sensors, etc.) installed on the power generation equipment and stored in a data collection or monitoring system. The data content covers information such as power generation power, cumulative power generation, and equipment operating status at different time intervals (such as minute-level, hour-level), and is the basic data source for subsequent analysis of the power generation characteristics of renewable energy.

[0056] Step S230, calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power.

[0057] Wherein, the calculation method of the mismatch power is as follows: ; in the formula, is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t.

[0058] Step S240, based on the mismatch power, determine the capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system.

[0059] In some embodiments, a hybrid energy storage system is an energy storage system composed of a combination of two or more different types of energy storage units. The hybrid energy storage system combines these energy storage units with different characteristics to give full play to their respective advantages and achieve more efficient regulation of the power system.

[0060] Step S250: Determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraint conditions.

[0061] Among them, the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: ; In the formula, is the remaining power generation; is the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, indicating the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle.

[0062] In some embodiments, the energy storage unit capacity refers to the maximum electric energy that a single energy storage unit can store under standard working conditions, usually measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or ampere-hours (Ah). It is an important indicator to measure the energy storage capacity of the energy storage unit and directly affects the overall energy storage scale and regulation ability of the hybrid energy storage system.

[0063] Step S260: Determine the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity.

[0064] Step S270: Calculate the carbon emissions of producing a unit capacity of energy storage based on the life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined.

[0065] Among them, the carbon emissions are expressed as: ; In the formula, represents the th material manufacturing stage; represents the th material recycling stage; represents the th manufacturing process; is the carbon emission factor corresponding to the th material in the corresponding stage.

[0066] In some embodiments, the life cycle inventory is a detailed record of the resource consumption (such as raw materials, energy, etc.) and environmental emissions (such as pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.) involved in the entire life cycle process of the energy storage system from raw material extraction, production, transportation, use to recycling and treatment. By establishing a life cycle inventory, the environmental impact of the energy storage system throughout its life cycle can be comprehensively evaluated.

[0067] Step S280: Conduct a life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, and obtain the life cycle carbon emission accounting result.

[0068] The method and device for configuring the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system in a power system considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiments of the present invention determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy based on the obtained historical power generation data of each renewable energy; calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the mismatch power; determine the capacity of each energy storage unit of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; determine the actual capacity of the energy storage of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraint conditions; determine the charging power of the energy storage of the hybrid energy storage system based on the capacity of the energy storage unit and the actual capacity of the energy storage; calculate the carbon emissions per unit capacity of the energy storage based on the full-life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined; conduct a full-life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the charging power of the energy storage and the carbon emissions, and obtain the full-life cycle carbon emission accounting result. In this way, the present invention first analyzes the current situation of power production in the region, determines the power generation of various renewable energy power generation types, establishes the actual required scenarios through the capacity factor, and then obtains the capacity of the energy storage system through a series of calculations such as mismatch power according to the selected energy storage type. In addition, list the full-life cycle inventory of the energy storage according to the selected energy storage method, and obtain the full-life cycle carbon emissions of the energy storage system based on the content of the inventory and the relevant calculations of the power, and evaluate its impact on the environment. The present invention can determine the capacity of the hybrid energy storage system in the context of a new power system and consider its environmental impact by using the method of full-life cycle assessment at the same time, which is helpful for the development of the new power system.

[0069] In some embodiments, the above step S220 can be implemented through the following steps S221 to S222:

[0070] Step S221, using a preset capacity factor, scale the total demand curve of each renewable energy to obtain the power generation curve of each renewable energy; the preset capacity factor is used to represent the ratio of the actual power generation to the installed capacity.

[0071] Step S222, based on the power generation curve and the preset capacity factor, calculate the actual power generation corresponding to each renewable energy at different time points.

[0072] Among them, the formula for the actual power generation is as follows: ; in the formula, is the actual power generation; is the installed capacity;

[0073] In some embodiments, the method further includes: First, based on a preset filtering control strategy, divide the mismatch power into low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency. Second, determine the energy storage methods corresponding to the medium frequency and the high frequency; the energy storage methods include long term and short term.

[0074] Among them, the required rated power is: ; where, , n represents the energy storage type, i.e., long-term and short-term; is the power flow of long / short-term energy storage at time t.

[0075] The above step S240 can be implemented through the following steps S241 to S243:

[0076] Step S241, classify the mismatch power type into surplus power generation and surplus demand.

[0077] Among them, the surplus power generation represents the excess part of power generation; the surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented; the surplus power generation and the surplus demand are respectively expressed as: .

[0078] Step S242, when the mismatch power type is the surplus power generation, the energy state of the energy storage at time t is as follows: .

[0079] Step S243, when the mismatch power type is the surplus demand, the energy state of the energy storage at time t is as follows: .

[0080] Among them, is the energy state of the energy storage at time; and are respectively the energy states of the energy storage after charging and discharging at time; and are the start and end times within the corresponding time period; and respectively represent the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage; is the full self-discharge duration of the energy storage;

[0081] The capacity of the energy storage unit is: .

[0082] In some embodiments, the above step S260 can be implemented through the following steps S261 to S263:

[0083] Step S261, based on the capacity of the energy storage unit, determine the transmission energy transmitted to the power system by the hybrid energy storage system every year.

[0084] Among them, the transmission energy is expressed as: ; is the surplus demand of energy storage type n.

[0085] Step S262: Calculate the charge-discharge losses of the hybrid energy storage system based on the actual energy storage capacity.

[0086] Among them, the charge-discharge losses are expressed as: ; is the energy storage charging power; is the energy storage charging efficiency; is the energy storage discharging efficiency; is the energy state of the energy storage at time

[0087] Step S263: Determine the sum value of the transmission energy and the charge-discharge losses as the energy storage charging power.

[0088] Among them, the energy storage charging power is expressed as: ; In the formula, is the energy storage charging power; is the charge-discharge losses; is the transmission energy.

[0089] Based on the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the above step S280 can be implemented by the following content:

[0090] Based on the energy storage charging power, the carbon emissions, the transmission energy, and the energy storage installed capacity, conduct a full-life cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system to obtain the full-life cycle carbon emission accounting result; the capacity configuration formula is expressed as: ; In the formula, is the energy storage system charging power; is the carbon intensity of the power supply for charging the energy storage; is the carbon emissions for producing a unit capacity of the energy storage; is the actual energy storage capacity; is the transmission energy transmitted by the energy storage system to the power system.

[0091] Next, the exemplary application of the embodiments of the present invention in an actual application scenario will be described.

[0092] The present invention provides a new method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions, as Figure 3 shown, including the following steps:

[0093] Step 1: Determine the renewable energy power generation scenarios and electricity demand; analyze the current status of electricity production in the region and determine the power generation of various renewable energy power generation types. Use the capacity factor to scale the total demand curve of renewable energy, so as to obtain the power generation curves and electricity demand curves of different renewable energy sources, calculate the actual power generation of each renewable energy source at different time points, and then analyze the matching situation between power generation and demand. The capacity factor is the ratio of the actual power generation to the installed capacity of the power source, and the expression is as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] Where: is the actual power generation; is the installed capacity.

[0096] Step 2: Calculate the power mismatch; the mismatch power represents the difference between the total power generation and the load demand at time t, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0097] ;

[0098] Where: is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the load demand at time t.

[0099] According to the type, the mismatch power can be divided into surplus power generation ( ) and surplus demand ( ). Surplus power generation represents the part of over-generated power, and surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented, which are respectively expressed as follows:

[0100] .

[0101] Step 3: Determine the capacity of each type of energy storage unit in the hybrid energy storage system; divide the mismatch power into low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency categories based on the filtering control strategy. Among them, medium-frequency and high-frequency respectively correspond to long-term and short-term energy storage methods, and low-frequency uses other power generation methods to compensate for the deficit. The specific capacity determination process is as follows:

[0102] ;

[0103] Among them, n represents the energy storage type, that is, long-term and short-term; is the power flow of the energy storage at time t.

[0104] When the mismatch power type is surplus power generation ( ), the energy state of the energy storage at time

[0105] ;

[0106] When the mismatch power type is the remaining demand ( ), the energy state of the energy storage at the moment is as follows:

[0107] ;

[0108] In the above formula, is the energy state of the energy storage at moment; and are the energy states of the energy storage after charging and discharging at moment respectively; and are the start and end times within the corresponding time period; and represent the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage respectively; is the full self-discharge duration of the energy storage.

[0109] The required rated power and the capacity of the energy storage unit are as follows respectively:

[0110] ;

[0111] ;

[0112] Step 4: Determine the actual capacity of the energy storage system; in practical applications, the capacity of the energy storage system is limited, so there are some constraint conditions to reduce excessive storage. The specific constraint conditions are as follows:

[0113] ;

[0114] For the case of remaining power generation:

[0115] ;

[0116] ;

[0117] For the case of remaining demand:

[0118]

[0119] ;

[0120] The calculated actual capacity of the energy storage is:

[0121] ;

[0122] In the formula, is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; The usage factor represents the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle.

[0123] Finally, the obtained energy storage capacity needs to satisfy the following relationship to avoid large current flow during charge and discharge.

[0124] ;

[0125] where is the overcurrent protection coefficient.

[0126] Step 5: Carbon emission accounting for the entire life cycle of the energy storage system; determine the life cycle inventory of each energy storage method according to the selected energy storage type (including raw material production, manufacturing, transportation, installation and operation, and decommissioning and recycling stages), and calculate the carbon emissions during the energy storage production process according to the inventory content as follows:

[0127] ;

[0128] In the formula, represents the material manufacturing stage; represents the material recycling stage; represents the th manufacturing process; is the carbon emission factor for the corresponding stage.

[0129] The energy transmitted by the energy storage system to the power system in one year is as follows:

[0130] ;

[0131] Calculate the energy loss of the energy storage system. First, consider the following power constraints:

[0132] ;

[0133] The energy loss during energy storage charge and discharge is as follows:

[0134] ;

[0135] The energy storage charging power is:

[0136] ;

[0137] According to the results obtained from the above calculations, the carbon emissions for the entire life cycle of the hybrid energy storage system are calculated as follows:

[0138] ;

[0139] In the formula, is the energy storage system charging power; is the carbon intensity of the power source for charging the energy storage; is the carbon emission for producing a unit capacity of energy storage; is the actual energy storage capacity; is the energy transmitted from the energy storage system to the power system.

[0140] Example 1: Taking the photovoltaic and wind power output and load data from August 1 to September 30 in a certain place as an example, pumped-storage energy storage and lithium-ion battery energy storage are selected for long-term and short-term energy storage respectively to configure a hybrid energy storage system and calculate carbon emissions. The designed service life of the pumped-storage energy storage is 80 years, and the lithium-ion battery is designed to replace the battery every 20 years. At the same time, to simplify the calculation, this example ignores the charge and discharge losses.

[0141] Specifically: Select the load and new energy power output in a typical period from August 1 to September 30 in a certain place, and select a capacity factor of 0.7. The load situation is as Figure 4 shown.

[0142] Calculate the mismatch power according to Step 2 and Step 3, and filter the mismatch power into three signals: low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency based on the filtering control strategy. The obtained filtering results are as Figure 5 shown, where the low-frequency mismatch power is compensated by thermal power. Then, the calculated results of the unit energy storage capacity of long-term and short-term energy storage are 68.2414 MWh and 34.4098 MWh respectively. The low-frequency output status compensated by thermal power and the energy status of each energy storage method are as Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown. Subsequently, calculate the actual capacity according to the process in Step 4 to obtain the actual capacity of each energy storage type, as shown in Table 1.

[0143] Table 1 Calculation results of the actual energy storage capacity in Example 1

[0144]

[0145] Use the obtained actual capacity calculation results to calculate the carbon emissions according to Step 5. The life cycle inventory of the energy storage system used is shown in Table 2 below.

[0146] Table 2 Life cycle inventory of pumped-storage energy storage (per kWh)

[0147]

[0148] Table 3 Life cycle inventory of lithium-ion battery (per kWh)

[0149]

[0150] Calculate the carbon emissions of producing a unit-capacity energy storage system according to the method in Step 5, as shown in Table 4 respectively.

[0151] Table 4 Carbon emissions of producing a unit-capacity energy storage system (per kWh)

[0152]

[0153] Then calculate the electric energy it transmits. Since the data is from August 1st to September 30th, the time interval is 1464h. The energies transmitted by each energy storage system are 5492.94MWh and 2969.34MWh respectively. The carbon emission factor of the power supply for charging the energy storage is the average carbon emission factor of photovoltaic and wind power, which is 0.0441kg / kWh. Then, according to the method in Step 5, the carbon emissions of the long-term and short-term energy storage systems over their entire life cycles are 13.41g / kWh and 53.66g / kWh respectively, and the carbon emissions of the energy storage system over its entire life cycle are 67.07g / kWh.

[0154] Example 2: Taking the photovoltaic and wind power output and load data from August 1st to September 30th in a certain place as an example, pumped storage and lead-acid battery energy storage are selected for the long-term and short-term energy storage respectively to configure a hybrid energy storage system and calculate its carbon emissions. The designed service life of the pumped storage is 80 years, and the lead-acid battery is designed to replace the battery every 20 years. At the same time, for simplicity of calculation, the charge and discharge losses are ignored in this example.

[0155] Specifically, the load situation is the same as that in Example 1, only the short-term energy storage type is different. Then only calculate the short-term energy storage emissions. The life cycle inventory of the lead-acid battery is shown in Table 5. According to the process in Step 5, the carbon emissions for producing each kilowatt-hour of the lead-acid battery are 71.71694kg / kWh. Then, according to Step 5, calculate its carbon emissions over the entire life cycle, which are 54.92g / kWh. Then the carbon emissions of the energy storage system over its entire life cycle are 68.33g / kWh.

[0156] Table 5 Life Cycle Inventory of Lead-Acid Battery (per kWh)

[0157]

[0158] The comparison of the carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of the above results is as Figure 8 shown. From the above two examples, it can be obtained that under the condition of meeting the load requirements, the carbon emissions of the energy storage system in Example 1 over its entire life cycle are less, and the impact on the environment is smaller.

[0159] Figure 9 is the schematic diagram of the composition structure of the hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device for a power system considering carbon emissions provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 9As shown in the figure, the hybrid energy storage capacity configuration device 900 for a power system considering carbon emissions includes: an acquisition module 901, configured to acquire the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source; a determination module 902, configured to determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source; a calculation module 903, configured to calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power; the calculation method of the mismatch power is as follows: ; where is the installed capacity of renewable energy source i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy source i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t; the determination module 902 is further configured to determine the energy storage unit capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; the determination module 902 is further configured to determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraint conditions; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: ; where is the remaining power generation; is the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the usage factor, indicating the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle; the determination module 902 is further configured to determine the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; the calculation module 903 is further configured to calculate the carbon emissions of producing a unit capacity of energy storage based on the life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined; the carbon emissions of producing a unit capacity of energy storage are expressed as: ; where represents the manufacturing stage of the th item of materials; represents the material recycling stage of the th item; represents the manufacturing process of the th item; is the carbon emission factor corresponding to the th item of materials in the corresponding stage; an accounting module 904 is configured to perform a life cycle carbon emission accounting on the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, and obtain a life cycle carbon emission accounting result.

[0160] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, if the above-mentioned method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions is implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the related technology can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a terminal to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROMs), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes. In this way, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0161] Correspondingly, the embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device. Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present invention. As Figure 10 shown, the electronic device 1000 at least includes: a processor 1001 and a computer-readable storage medium 1002 configured to store executable instructions, where the processor 1001 generally controls the overall operation of the electronic device. The computer-readable storage medium 1002 is configured to store instructions and applications executable by the processor 1001, and can also cache data to be processed or already processed by the processor 1001 and each module in the electronic device 1000, and can be implemented by flash memory (FLASH) or random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory).

[0162] The embodiments of the present invention provide a storage medium storing executable instructions, where the executable instructions, when executed by a processor, will cause the processor to execute the methods provided by the embodiments of the present invention. For example, as Figure 2 shown in the method.

[0163] In some embodiments, the storage medium may be a computer-readable storage medium. For example, it can be a ferroelectric memory (FRAM, Ferromagnetic Random Access Memory), read-only memory (ROM, Read Only Memory), programmable read-only memory (PROM, Programmable Read Only Memory), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM, Compact Disk-Read Only Memory), etc.; it can also be various devices including one or any combination of the above memories.

[0164] In some embodiments, the executable instructions may be in the form of a program, software, software module, script, or code, written in any form of programming language (including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages), and can be deployed in any form, including being deployed as an independent program or being deployed as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0165] As an example, the executable instructions may or may not correspond to a file in the file system. They can be stored as a part of a file that stores other programs or data. For example, they can be stored in one or more scripts in a hypertext markup language (HTML, Hyper Text Markup Language) document, stored in a single file dedicated to the program being discussed, or stored in multiple cooperating files (such as files that store one or more modules, subroutines, or code portions). As an example, the executable instructions can be deployed to execute on one electronic device, or on multiple electronic devices located at one location, or on multiple electronic devices distributed at multiple locations and interconnected by a communication network.

[0166] As described above, the above are only embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0167] It should be understood that the "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" that appears throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the magnitudes of the sequence numbers of the above processes do not mean the order of execution. The order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention. The sequence numbers of the embodiments of the present invention above are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0168] It should be noted that in this text, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such a process, method or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including that element. In several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.

[0169] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for configuring the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system in a power system considering carbon emissions, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtaining the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source; Based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source, determining the actual power generation of each renewable energy source; Calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power; the calculation method of the mismatch power is as follows: ; where is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t; Based on the mismatch power, determining the energy storage unit capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system; Based on preset constraint conditions, determining the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: ； Wherein, is the remaining power generation; is the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, representing the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle; Based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity, determining the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system; Based on the life cycle inventory of each energy storage method determined, calculate the carbon emissions of producing unit capacity energy storage; the carbon emissions of producing unit capacity energy storage are expressed as: ; where represents the manufacturing stage of the th material; represents the material recycling stage of the th material; represents the manufacturing process of the th item; is the carbon emission factor corresponding to the th material in the corresponding stage; Based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions, conducting a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system to obtain a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting result.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The determining the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source includes: Using a preset capacity factor to scale the total demand curve of each renewable energy source to obtain the power generation curve of each renewable energy source; the preset capacity factor is used to represent the ratio of the actual power generation to the installed capacity; Based on the power generation curve and the preset capacity factor, calculating the actual power generation corresponding to each renewable energy source at different time points; The formula for the actual power generation is as follows: ; In the formula, is the actual power generation; is the installed capacity.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method further includes: Based on a preset filtering control strategy, dividing the mismatch power into low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency; Determining the energy storage methods corresponding to the medium frequency and the high frequency; the energy storage methods include long term and short term; The required rated power is as follows: ; where , n represents the energy storage type, i.e., long-term or short-term; is the power flow of long / short-term energy storage at time t.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Based on the mismatch power, determining the energy storage unit capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system includes: Divide the mismatch power type into surplus power generation and surplus demand; the surplus power generation represents the part of over-generated power; the surplus demand represents the power gap that needs to be supplemented; the surplus power generation and the surplus demand are respectively expressed as: ; When the mismatch power type is the remaining power generation, the energy state of the energy storage at time t is as follows: ; When the mismatch power type is the remaining demand, the energy state of the energy storage at time t is as follows: ; where is the energy state of the energy storage at time; and are the energy states of the energy storage after charging and discharging at time respectively; and are the start and end times within the corresponding time period; and represent the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage respectively; is the duration of complete self-discharge of the energy storage; The capacity of the energy storage unit is: .

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determining the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity includes: Determine the transmission energy transmitted to the power system within each year in the hybrid energy storage system based on the capacity of the energy storage unit; the transmission energy is expressed as: ; is the remaining demand for energy storage type n; Based on the actual capacity of the energy storage, calculate the charge and discharge losses of the hybrid energy storage system; the charge and discharge losses are expressed as: ; is the charging power of the energy storage; is the discharging power of the energy storage; is the charging efficiency of the energy storage; is the discharging efficiency of the energy storage; is the energy state of the energy storage at time Determine the sum value of the transmitted energy and the charge-discharge loss as the energy storage charging power; the energy storage charging power is expressed as: ; where is the energy storage charging power; is the charge-discharge loss; is the transmitted energy.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The conducting a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions to obtain a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting result includes: Based on the energy storage charging power, the carbon emissions, the transmitted energy, and the energy storage installed capacity, conduct a full - life - cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system to obtain the full - life - cycle carbon emission accounting result; the full - life - cycle carbon emission accounting formula is expressed as: ; where is the energy storage charging power; is the carbon intensity of the power source for charging the energy storage; is the carbon emission for producing a unit capacity of energy storage; is the actual capacity of the energy storage; is the transmitted energy transmitted by the energy storage system to the power system.

7. A device for configuring the capacity of a hybrid energy storage system in a power system considering carbon emissions, characterized in that, The device includes: An acquisition module, configured to acquire the historical power generation data and historical load demand of each renewable energy source; A determination module, configured to determine the actual power generation of each renewable energy source based on the historical power generation data of each renewable energy source; A calculation module, configured to calculate the difference between the actual power generation and the historical load demand, and determine the difference as the mismatch power; the calculation method of the mismatch power is as follows: ; where is the installed capacity of renewable energy i; is the capacity factor of renewable energy i at time t; is the historical load demand at time t; The determination module is further configured to determine the energy storage unit capacity of each energy storage type in the hybrid energy storage system based on the mismatch power; The determination module is further configured to determine the actual energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system based on preset constraint conditions; the actual energy storage capacity satisfies the following formula: ； In the formula, is the remaining power generation; is the remaining demand; ; is the overcurrent protection coefficient; is the available state of charge range of the energy storage; is the utilization factor, representing the available capacity before the end of the energy storage life cycle; The determination module is further configured to determine the energy storage charging power of the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage unit capacity and the actual energy storage capacity; The calculation module is further configured to calculate the carbon emissions of producing a unit capacity of energy storage based on the determined life cycle inventory of each energy storage method; the carbon emissions of producing a unit capacity of energy storage are expressed as: ; where represents the manufacturing stage of the th material; represents the recycling stage of the th material; represents the th manufacturing process; is the carbon emission factor corresponding to the th material at the corresponding stage An accounting module, configured to conduct a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting for the hybrid energy storage system based on the energy storage charging power and the carbon emissions to obtain a full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting result.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including: A memory, configured to store executable instructions; A processor, configured to implement the method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the executable instructions stored in the memory.

9. A computer-readable storage medium stores executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method for configuring the hybrid energy storage capacity of a power system considering carbon emissions according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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