Automatic seeding mechanism of seedling raising tray

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic seeding mechanism of a seedling raising tray, which comprises a conveying track, a film covering mechanism, a primary soil covering mechanism, a water spraying mechanism, a point seeding mechanism and a secondary soil covering mechanism, wherein the film covering mechanism, the primary soil covering mechanism, the water spraying mechanism, the point seeding mechanism and the secondary soil covering mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying track, the seedling raising tray is placed on the conveying track to be conveyed, and the seedling raising tray sequentially completes film covering, primary soil covering, water spraying, point seeding and secondary soil covering; the automatic seeding mechanism realizes automatic seeding of the seedling raising tray, and manual operation is not needed during seeding of the seedling raising tray, so that the efficiency is improved, the labor cost is reduced, and the automatic seeding mechanism is suitable for large-batch seeding of the seedling raising tray.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automatic agricultural seeding equipment, and more specifically to an automatic seeding mechanism for a seedling tray. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, rice transplanters require seedlings to be raised in seedling trays. During seedling raising, the seeds need to be sown individually. This process involves covering the bottom of the seedling tray with a film, then covering it with soil, watering, and then evenly sowing the seeds. After sowing, a second layer of soil is added. This process of seedling tray sowing is primarily done manually, resulting in low efficiency and high labor costs for workers, making it unsuitable for large-scale seedling raising. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention relates to an automatic sowing mechanism for seedling trays, which facilitates automated sowing of seedling trays without requiring manual operation during the sowing process. This improves efficiency and reduces labor costs, making it suitable for large-scale seedling tray sowing.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray, comprising a conveying track, a mulching mechanism, a primary soil covering mechanism, a watering mechanism, a spot sowing mechanism, and a secondary soil covering mechanism. The mulching mechanism, primary soil covering mechanism, watering mechanism, spot sowing mechanism, and secondary soil covering mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying track. The seedling tray is placed on the conveying track for conveying, so that the seedling tray sequentially completes mulching, primary soil covering, watering, spot sowing, and secondary soil covering.

[0005] The film covering mechanism includes a roller and a pressure roller. A mesh film is wound on the roller. A column is installed above the conveyor track to hold the roller. A pressure roller is installed on the conveyor track, located below the roller, and presses against the top of the seedling tray.

[0006] Both the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms are feeding hoppers, which contain substrate soil. The substrate soil in the feeding hopper is directly discharged into the seedling tray.

[0007] The water spraying mechanism consists of multiple water pipes that are horizontally mounted above the conveyor track. Each water pipe has a spray hole at its bottom and can move horizontally to ensure uniform water application.

[0008] The seeding mechanism includes a seed hopper and a seeding wheel. The seeding wheel is located below the seed hopper, and a seeding groove for placing the seeds is opened on the outer circumference of the seeding wheel. The seeds are sown into the seedling tray by rotating the seeding wheel.

[0009] Both the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms are equipped with pressing rollers on the conveying tracks. Swinging arms are mounted on the pressing rollers, and elastic buffer components are installed on the swing arms. The pressing rollers gently compress the substrate soil and flatten the top surface of the substrate soil.

[0010] Preferably, a leveling assembly is provided on the conveying track on one side of the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms. The leveling assembly includes a mounting housing, a leveling brush, and a height adjustment assembly. The mounting housing covers the conveying track, and the leveling brush is installed inside the mounting housing. A lifting groove is opened on the mounting housing, and a sliding seat for lifting is embedded in the lifting groove. Both ends of the leveling brush are installed on the sliding seat, and one end of the leveling brush is connected to the motor. A height adjustment assembly is provided between the top of the mounting housing and the sliding seat. The height adjustment assembly includes an adjusting rod, a stop groove, and a limiting rod. A rotating plate is installed on the outer wall of the sliding seat, and a traction spring is provided between the rotating plate and the conveying track. The top of the rotating plate is provided with a through hole for the adjusting rod to pass through. The adjusting rod is a lead screw, and two nuts are provided on the adjusting rod, which clamps the rotating plate. The adjusting rod passes through both ends of the limiting rod. Multiple stop grooves are arranged side by side on the top of the mounting housing, and the limiting rod is locked in the stop grooves. The multiple stop grooves are staggered in height.

[0011] Preferably, the swing arm is mounted on the sliding seat by a rotational engagement, and the swing arm rotates coaxially with the leveling brush. The elastic buffer component is a torsion spring, which is mounted on the swing arm and the sliding seat. A sliding rod is mounted on the other end of the swing arm. The two ends of the pressure roller are chamfered, and the pressure roller moves on the sliding rod. Buffer springs are sleeved on the sliding rods at both ends of the pressure roller.

[0012] Preferably, a feeding assembly is provided above the hopper of the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms. The feeding assembly includes a mixing hopper, a conveyor belt, and a screening assembly. The mixing hopper is installed on the ground via support legs and has mixing blades installed inside. A conveyor belt is provided at the bottom of the mixing hopper, and a partition plate is provided on the conveyor belt. The top of the partition plate contacts the bottom of the mixing hopper. A lifting belt is provided below the conveyor belt, and a screening assembly is provided between the lifting belt and the conveyor belt. The screening assembly includes a screen and a crank-rocker mechanism. A placement frame is installed above the lifting belt, and multiple sets of rollers placed on top of the placement frame are provided at the bottom of the screen. Rollers that clamp the sides of the screen are installed on the placement frame. A crank-rocker mechanism is installed between the placement frame and the screen, and the screen reciprocates through the crank-rocker mechanism. The crank-rocker mechanism is driven by the lifting belt.

[0013] Preferably, a uniformly moving feed belt is provided below the hopper of the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms, and there is a height difference between the top of the hopper and the top of the feed belt, so that a fixed amount of matrix soil is transported on the feed belt.

[0014] Preferably, water supply pipes are provided at both ends of the water supply pipe, and the two ends of the water supply pipes are connected to the water pump. The two ends of the water supply pipe are connected to the water supply pipes on both sides, and the water supply pipe and the water supply pipe are in sliding fit. A reciprocating spring is sleeved between the water supply pipe and the water supply pipe. A translation rod is provided above one end of the water supply pipe, and a rotating shaft driven by a motor is provided on one side of the translation rod. Multiple cams are installed on the rotating shaft, and the translation rod contacts the outer wall of the cams, thus realizing the translation of the water supply pipe. A water receiving trough is provided below the conveying track, and the water receiving trough is located below the water supply pipe.

[0015] Preferably, a cutting assembly is provided on the conveying track to cut the film. The cutting assembly includes a detection assembly, a lifting cutting blade, and a pressure plate. The detection assembly is an infrared sensor located on both sides of the seedling tray. When the detection assembly is between the seedling trays, it is triggered. A cylinder is installed at the bottom of the lifting cutting blade, and the cylinder body is installed on the conveying track. The lifting cutting blade is raised and lowered by the extension and retraction of the cylinder. A pressure plate is installed on the conveying track above the seedling tray. The lifting cutting blade rises and contacts the bottom of the pressure plate, thus completing the cutting.

[0016] Preferably, a seeding shell is provided below the seeding hopper, and a seeding wheel is installed on the seeding shell. A roller and a cleaning roller are installed on the seeding shell, wherein the roller and the cleaning roller are in contact with the seeding wheel shell and are driven by a motor. The discharge port of the seeding hopper is located between the roller and the cleaning roller. An arc-shaped plate is provided on the outer wall of the seeding wheel, which is in contact with the outer wall of the seeding wheel. The starting end and the tail end of the arc-shaped plate are located on one side of the cleaning roller and the lowest end of the seeding wheel, respectively. An annular groove is provided on one end face of the seeding wheel. Multiple air holes are opened on the seeding wheel. An air jet hole is opened at the bottom of each seeding groove. The air jet hole is connected to the air hole and the air hole is connected to the annular groove. A slider is locked in the annular groove. The slider passes through an air pipe that is connected to the air hole. The air pipe is connected to an air pump.

[0017] Preferably, a stacking assembly is provided at the end of the conveying track. The stacking assembly includes a lifting assembly and a swing bracket. The lifting assembly, which is a lifting plate, is provided below the end of the conveying track. A first hydraulic cylinder is provided between the lifting plate and the conveying track. Multiple upwardly extending mounting seats are provided on both sides of the conveying track. A swing bracket is hinged to the inside of the mounting seat. A limit plate is installed on the mounting seat. When the swing bracket is horizontal, the bottom of the swing bracket presses against the limit plate to prevent the swing bracket from swinging downward. A second hydraulic cylinder is installed on the conveying track. A fixed seat is installed on the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder. A lifting plate is installed on the fixed seat through a sliding fit. A third hydraulic cylinder is provided between the lifting plate and the fixed seat.

[0018] The advantages of this invention are: it realizes automated sowing of seedling trays, eliminating the need for manual operation during seedling tray sowing, thus improving efficiency and reducing labor costs, and is suitable for large-scale seedling tray sowing. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view of the first half of the invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of the latter half of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling component and the pressure roller of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding seat and the leveling brush of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding wheel and annular groove of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the seeding reel of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the water spraying mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the leveling component and the pressure roller of the present invention.

[0029] The components include: 1. Conveying track; 2. Film covering mechanism; 3. Roller; 4. Pressure roller; 5. Primary soil covering mechanism; 6. Sprinkling mechanism; 7. Watering pipe; 8. Spray nozzle; 9. Water supply pipe; 10. Reciprocating spring; 11. Translation rod; 12. Rotating shaft; 13. Cam; 14. Water receiving trough; 15. Sowing mechanism; 16. Seeding hopper; 17. Seeding wheel; 18. Seeding trough; 19. Seeding shell; 20. Roller; 21. Sweeping roller; 22. Arc plate; 23. Annular groove; 24. Air vent; 25. Air jet; 26. Slider; 27. Air pipe; 28. Secondary soil covering mechanism; 29. ​​Feed hopper; 30. Pressing roller; 31. Swing arm; 32. Elastic buffer assembly; 33. Sliding rod; 34. Buffer spring; 35. Sweeping assembly. 36. Housing assembly; 37. Sweeping brush; 38. Sliding seat; 39. Height adjustment assembly; 40. Adjusting rod; 41. Gear slot; 42. Limiting rod; 43. Rotating plate; 44. Traction spring; 46. Feeding assembly; 47. Mixing hopper; 48. Mixing blade; 49. Conveyor belt; 50. Partition plate; 51. Screening assembly; 52. Mesh screen; 53. Crank rocker mechanism; 54. Lifting belt; 55. Placement rack; 56. Roller; 57. Feeding belt; 58. Cutting assembly; 59. Detection assembly; 60. Lifting cutting blade; 61. Pressure plate; 62. Stacking assembly; 63. Lifting assembly; 64. Lifting plate; 65. Swing bracket; 66. Mounting seat; 67. Limiting plate; 68. Fixed seat; 69. Lifting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] like Figure 1-10 As shown, an automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray includes a conveying track 1, a film covering mechanism 2, a primary soil covering mechanism 5, a watering mechanism 6, a spot sowing mechanism 15, and a secondary soil covering mechanism 28. The film covering mechanism 2, the primary soil covering mechanism 5, the watering mechanism 6, the spot sowing mechanism 15, and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28 are installed sequentially from right to left on the conveying track 1. The conveying track 1 consists of two frames and rollers. Multiple rollers arranged side by side are installed on the two frames via bearings. The rollers are driven by a motor. A belt is fitted on the rollers. The belt is composed of multiple segments. The rollers tension the bag and drive the bag to be conveyed. The seedling tray is placed on the belt for conveying. The seedling tray is placed on the conveying track 1 for conveying. The operator only needs to place the empty seedling tray on the belt and convey it to the right. In this way, the seedling tray completes film covering, primary soil covering, watering, spot sowing, and secondary soil covering in sequence.

[0032] The film covering mechanism 2 includes a roller 3 and a pressure roller 4. A mesh film is wound on the roller 3. A column is installed above the conveyor track 1 by bolts to hold the roller 3. An arc-shaped groove is opened on the top of the column. The roller 3 is placed on the top of the column and rotates. The pressure roller 4 is installed on the conveyor track 1. The two ends of the pressure roller 4 are installed on the frame of the conveyor track 1 through bearings and bearing seats. The pressure roller 4 is located below the roller 3 and presses on the top of the seedling tray. The mesh film unwound from the working roller 3 is wound on the pressure roller 4. The mesh film of the pressure roller 4 covers the top of the seedling tray. The mesh film is elastic. When the soil layer is placed on the mesh film, the mesh film adheres to the bottom of the seedling tray. The mesh film can prevent the roots and soil from passing through the water holes at the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0033] Both the primary soil covering mechanism 5 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28 are feeding hoppers 29. The outer wall of the feeding hopper 29 is fixed with a column by bolts. The bottom of the column is bolted to the frame of the conveying track 1 for soil covering in the primary soil covering mechanism 5. The feeding hopper 29 contains substrate soil. The substrate soil in the feeding hopper 29 is discharged into the seedling tray through the hole at the bottom of the discharge hopper. When the seedling tray moves below the feeding hopper 29, the feeding hopper 29 continues to discharge downwards. In this way, the soil discharged by the feeding hopper 29 falls into the seedling tray. The feeding hopper 29 discharges while the seedling tray moves, so that the substrate soil is spread evenly in the seedling tray. The secondary soil covering mechanism 28 covers the seedling tray with the seeded grains. The seedling tray with the seeded grains passes under the feeding hopper 29 of the secondary soil covering mechanism 28. The substrate soil is spread evenly and covers the grains, thus realizing the secondary soil covering.

[0034] The watering mechanism 6 consists of multiple watering pipes 7 that are horizontally mounted above the conveying track 1. These multiple watering pipes 7 are connected to a water pump through pipes, so that water is pumped into the watering pipes 7. Each watering pipe 7 has a spray hole 8 at its bottom, and the water in the watering pipe 7 is sprayed out through the spray hole 8, thus watering the substrate soil in the seedling tray. Because there are intervals between the spray holes 8 and the radiation area of ​​the spray holes 8 is relatively small, each watering pipe 7 can move back and forth, and the spray hole 8 can also move back and forth to ensure that the substrate soil can be sprayed with water, thus ensuring uniform watering.

[0035] The seeding mechanism 15 includes a seed hopper and a seeding wheel 17. The seed hopper contains grain seeds, and a discharge hole is opened at the bottom of the seed hopper. The seeding wheel 17 is set below the seed hopper. The grain seeds discharged from the seed hopper fall onto the seeding wheel 17. A seeding groove 18 for placing grain seeds is opened on the outer circumference of the seeding wheel 17. The grain seeds of the seeding wheel 17 are inserted into the seeding groove 18. As the seeding wheel 17 rotates, when the seeding groove 18 rotates to below the seeding wheel 17, the seeding groove 18 drops the seeds onto the seedling tray. The rotation of the seeding wheel 17 sows the grain seeds onto the seedling tray, thus realizing sowing.

[0036] Both the primary soil covering mechanism 5 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28 are equipped with pressing rollers 30 on the conveying track 1. A swing arm 31 is installed on the pressing roller 30, which swings up and down. An elastic buffer component 32 is installed on the swing arm 31, which presses the swing arm 31 downward. The pressing roller 30 gently compacts the substrate soil and flattens the top surface of the substrate soil. The substrate soil that falls directly into the seedling tray from the hopper 29 is relatively loose, which has poor water retention. At the same time, the roots tend to push the substrate soil upward, making it easy for the substrate soil to be lifted. This application uses the pressing roller 30 to gently press the substrate soil, which can prevent the substrate soil from being too loose. At the same time, the pressing roller 30 uses the elastic buffer component 32 to gently press the substrate soil, which also prevents the substrate soil from being pressed too tightly, thus affecting the growth of the seedlings.

[0037] A leveling component 35 is installed on the conveying track 1 to the left of the primary soil covering mechanism 5 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28. The leveling component 35 levels the substrate soil in the seedling tray to ensure a smooth surface. The leveling component 35 includes a mounting shell 36, a leveling brush 37, and a height adjustment component 39. The mounting shell 36 covers the conveying track 1 and is fixed to the conveying track 1 with bolts. The leveling brush 37 is installed inside the mounting shell 36 and mounted above the conveying track 1. Lifting grooves are opened on the outer walls of the front and rear sides of the mounting shell 36, and useful materials are embedded in the lifting grooves. The two ends of the leveling brush 37 are mounted on the sliding seat 38 via bearings. The height of the leveling brush 37 is adjusted by raising and lowering the sliding seat 38. Excess substrate soil is swept out, ensuring sufficient substrate soil in the seedling tray. One end of the leveling brush 37 is welded to the output shaft of the motor, enabling its rotation. A height adjustment component 39 is located between the top of the mounting housing 36 and the sliding seat 38. Adjusting the height of the sliding seat 38 via the height adjustment component 39 correspondingly adjusts the height of the leveling brush 37. 39 includes an adjusting rod 40, a gear slot 41, and a limiting rod 42. A rotating plate 43 is installed on the outer wall of the sliding seat 38. The rotating plate 43 has a round hole. A rotating shaft is fixed to the sliding seat 38 by welding. The rotating shaft passes through the round hole in the rotating plate 43, so the rotating plate 43 rotates around the rotating shaft. A traction spring 44 is fixed between the rotating plate 43 and the conveying track 1 by bolts. The traction spring 44 returns the rotating plate 43 to its original position. The top of the rotating plate 43 has a through hole for the adjusting rod 40 to pass through. The adjusting rod 40 is a lead screw, and two... Two nuts, threaded with the lead screw, clamp the rotating plate 43. The adjusting rod 40 passes through both ends of the limiting rod 42. Two nuts, threaded with the adjusting rod 40, are also fitted on the adjusting rod 40, clamping the limiting rod 42. An upwardly extending plate is fixed to the top of the mounting housing 36 by welding. Multiple side-by-side gear slots 41 are opened on the plate. The limiting rod 42 is inserted into the gear slots 41. The multiple gear slots 41 are staggered in height. By inserting the limiting rod 42 into the gear slots 41 at different heights, the height of the leveling brush 37 can be adjusted.

[0038] One end of the swing arm 31 is mounted on the sliding seat 38 via a bearing, thus enabling the swing arm 31 to swing. The swing arm 31 rotates coaxially with the smoothing brush 37. The elastic buffer component 32 is a torsion spring, which is fixed to the swing arm 31 and the sliding seat 38 by welding, so that the torsion spring swings the swing arm 31 downward. A sliding rod 33 is fixed to the other end of the swing arm 31 by welding. The two ends of the pressure roller 30 are chamfered, and through holes are opened at both ends of the pressure roller 30 for the sliding rod 33 to extend into. The seedling tray is inserted into the pressing roller 30, which moves back and forth on the sliding rod 33. Buffer springs 34 are sleeved on the sliding rods 33 at both ends of the pressing roller 30. The buffer springs 34 abut against the ends of the pressing roller 30. When the seedling tray deviates from the pressing roller 30, the pressing roller 30 cannot press the soil in the seedling tray. When the chamfer of the pressing roller 30 presses the edge of the seedling tray, the pressing roller 30 can move back and forth, thus making adaptive adjustments and pressing the soil in the seedling tray.

[0039] A feeding assembly 46 is installed above the hopper 29 of the primary soil covering mechanism 5 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28. The feeding assembly 46 includes a mixing hopper 47, a conveyor belt 49, and a screening assembly 51. Support legs are bolted to the outer wall of the mixing hopper 47 and are bolted to the ground. A mixing blade 48 is installed inside the mixing hopper 47. The mixing blade 48 is driven by a motor to rotate, pouring various soils and fertilizers into the mixing hopper 47 for mixing to form substrate soil. A conveyor belt 49 is installed at the bottom of the mixing hopper 47. Two opposing mounting frames are fixed to the bottom of the mixing hopper 47 by bolts. Rollers are installed between the mounting frames through bearings, and the conveyor belt 49 is fitted onto the rollers. The roller is driven by a motor. The bottom of the mixing hopper 47 has a notch, allowing the substrate soil at the bottom of the mixing hopper 47 to fall directly onto the conveyor belt 49. A partition plate 50 is bolted to the conveyor belt 49. Upward-extending baffles are fixed to the mounting brackets on both sides of the conveyor belt 49. The top of the partition plate 50 contacts the bottom of the mixing hopper 47. When the conveyor belt 49 stops conveying, the partition plate 50 and the baffles restrict the material discharge. When the upper conveyor belt 49 moves, it carries away the substrate soil unloaded onto it. A lifting belt 54 is installed below the left end of the conveyor belt 49. The substrate soil on the conveyor belt 49 falls onto the lifting belt 54. The lifting belt 54 is the upward-inclined conveyor belt 49. 54. The substrate soil is fed into the hopper 29 of the conveyor belt 49. A screening assembly 51 is installed between the lifting belt 54 and the conveyor belt 49. The screening assembly 51 includes a screen 52 and a crank rocker mechanism 53. A placement frame 55 is installed above the lifting belt 54 by bolts. The rear end of the placement frame 55 is inclined downwards, and the front end of the lifting belt 54 is inclined upwards. Multiple sets of rollers 56 are mounted on the bottom of the screen 52 and placed on the top of the placement frame 55 via bearings. Rollers 56 are also mounted on the placement frame 55 via bearings to clamp the two sides of the screen 52. Thus, the screen 52 can only move back and forth along the placement frame 55 via the two sets of rollers 56. A crank-rocker mechanism 53 is installed between the screen and the sieve 52. The pressure rod of the crank-rocker mechanism 53 is hinged to the front end of the screen 52. The crank of the crank-rocker mechanism 53 is welded to the shaft. A sprocket is fixed to the output shaft of the motor that drives the lifting belt 54 for conveying by welding. A sprocket is also fixed to the shaft that drives the crank-rocker mechanism 53 by welding. The two sprockets are driven by a chain. The crank-rocker mechanism 53 enables the screen 52 to move back and forth. The crank-rocker mechanism 53 is driven by the lifting belt 54. The reciprocating movement of the screen 52 separates the substrate soil. Small particles of substrate soil fall into the lifting belt 54 and are lifted into the discharge hopper 29, while large particles of substrate soil are separated.

[0040] Below the hopper 29 of the primary soil covering mechanism 5 and the secondary soil covering mechanism 28, there is a uniformly moving feeding belt 57. The feeding belt 57 is fitted onto multiple rollers. Plates are fixed between the outer walls of the front and rear sides of the hopper 29 and the conveying track 1 by bolts. The rollers are mounted on the plates by bearings and driven by a motor. There is a height difference between the top of the hopper 29 and the top of the feeding belt 57, so that the substrate soil falling from the hopper 29 onto the feeding belt 57 is spread out flat. In this way, a fixed amount of substrate soil is conveyed on the feeding belt 57, which makes it easy to spread the substrate soil evenly into the seedling tray.

[0041] Water supply pipes 9 are bolted to the conveying rails 1 at both ends of the water supply pipe 7. The two ends of the water supply pipes 9 are connected to the water pump via pipes. The two ends of the water supply pipe 7 are connected to the water supply pipes 9 on both sides, and the water supply pipes 7 and 9 slide together. The water supply pipe 7 is a thicker pipe, and the water supply pipe 9 is a thinner pipe. The outer wall of the water supply pipe 9 fits against the outer wall of the water supply pipe 7. Water supply pipes 9 are inserted into both ends of the water supply pipe 7, allowing the water supply pipe 7 to slide back and forth on the water supply pipes 9. A reciprocating spring 10 is fitted between the water supply pipe 7 and the water supply pipe 9, allowing the water supply pipe 7 to return to its original position. An upwardly extending translational rod 1 is fixed above the rear end of the water supply pipe 7 by bolts. 1. A rotating shaft 12 driven by a motor is installed on the top of the conveying track 1 behind the translation rod 11 via bearings and bearing seats. Multiple cams 13 are fixed to the rotating shaft 12 by welding. The multiple cams 13 are staggered (intersecting and staggered). The translation rod 11 contacts the outer wall of the cam 13. When the cam 13 rotates, the cam 13 pushes the translation rod 11 to move back and forth, thus realizing the back and forth translation of the watering pipe 7. A water receiving trough 14 is fixed to the ground below the conveying track 1 by bolts. The water receiving trough 14 is located below the watering pipe 7. The water flowing down from the seedling tray is collected by the water receiving trough 14. The water receiving pipe is connected to the water source through a pipe, thus realizing water recycling.

[0042] A cutting assembly 58 is fixed to the conveying track 1 by bolts. The cutting assembly 58 cuts the film. The cutting assembly 58 includes a detection assembly 59, a lifting cutting blade 60, and a pressure plate 61. The detection assembly 59 is an infrared sensor (model E3F-D20C1L). The detection assembly 59 is located on both sides of the seedling trays. The seedling trays are spaced 1 to 2 cm apart during conveying. When the detection assembly 59 is located between the seedling trays, it is triggered. A cylinder is installed at the bottom of the lifting cutting blade 60. The conveying track 1 supports the lifting cutting blade 60. The cylinder body is bolted to the conveyor rail 1. The lifting and lowering of the cutting blade 60 is achieved by the extension and retraction of the cylinder. A pressure plate 61 is installed on the conveyor rail 1 and mounted above the seedling tray by bolts. The lifting and lowering cutting blade 60 rises and contacts the bottom of the pressure plate 61, thus completing the cutting. The detection component 59 is connected to the input terminal of the PLC controller. The cylinder is connected to the air compressor through a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is connected to the output terminal of the PLC controller. When the detection component 59 is triggered, the PLC monitors and controls the cylinder to lift to complete the cutting of the mesh film, and at the same time, the cylinder quickly retracts.

[0043] A seeding shell 19 is fixed to the bottom of the seeding hopper 16 by welding. The bottom of the seeding shell 19 is fixed to the conveying track 1 by bolts. The seeding wheel 17 is mounted on the seeding shell 19 by bearings. A roller 20 and a cleaning roller 21 are mounted on the seeding shell 19 by bearings. Thus, the roller 20, the cleaning roller 21 and the seeding wheel 17 form a seed storage area. The roller 20 and the cleaning roller 21 are in contact with the shell of the seeding wheel 17. The roller 20 and the cleaning roller 21 are connected by a motor. Driven by the seeding hopper 16, the feeding port of the seeding hopper 16 is located between the roller 20 and the cleaning roller 21, so that the seeds from the seeding hopper 16 are fed between the roller 20, the cleaning roller 21, and the seeding wheel 17. An arc-shaped plate 22 is provided on the outer wall of the seeding wheel 17, which fits against the outer wall of the seeding wheel 17. The arc-shaped plate 22 is fixed to the seeding shell 19 by bolts. The starting end and the ending end of the arc-shaped plate 22 are located on one side of the cleaning roller 21 and the lowest end of the seeding wheel 17, respectively. This prevents the seeds from separating from the seeding trough 18 during transport. One end face of the seeding wheel 17 has an annular groove 23. Multiple air passages 24 arranged in a circular array are formed on the seeding wheel 17. Each seeding trough 18 has an air jet hole 25 at its bottom, which communicates with the air passages 24. The air passages 24 are connected to the annular groove 23. A slider 26 is inserted within the annular groove 23, sliding within it. The slider 26 passes through an air pipe 27 that connects to the air passages 24. The air pipe 27 is connected to an air pump. Because the cleaning roller 21 is in close contact with the outer wall of the seeding wheel 17, only the grain seeds are exposed to the air. The seeds in the seeding trough 18 will not be swept out, so that multiple seeds are stuck in each seeding trough 18. When the seeds rotate with the seeding wheel 17, when the seeds are transported to the bottom of the seeding wheel 17, the seeds fall directly into the seedling tray. When the seeds of this application rotate to the bottom of the seeding wheel 17, they are sprayed through the air jet hole 25 of the seeding trough 18, which is connected to the air pump. The gas in the air hole 24 pushes the seeds onto the substrate soil, so that the seeds are directly stuck into the soil, which can reduce the amount of secondary soil covering.

[0044] A stacking assembly 62 is provided at the left end of the conveying track 1. The stacking assembly 62 includes a lifting assembly 63 and a swing bracket 65. The lifting assembly 63 is located below the end of the conveying track 1. The lifting assembly 63 is a lifting plate 64. A first hydraulic cylinder is fixed between the lifting plate 64 and the conveying track 1 by bolts. The lifting plate 64 is raised by the lifting of the first hydraulic cylinder, which lifts the seedling tray upward and separates it from the conveying track 1. Multiple upward-extending mounting seats 66 are fixed to both the front and rear sides of the conveying track 1 by bolts. Mounting bases 66 are positioned opposite each other. A swing bracket 65 is hinged to the inner side of the mounting base 66. A limit plate 67 is fixed to the mounting base by welding. When the swing bracket 65 is horizontal, its bottom presses against the limit plate 67 to prevent it from swinging downwards. When the lifting mechanism raises the seedling tray upwards, the seedling tray rises, causing the swing bracket 65 to swing outwards to make way. When the seedling tray is higher than the swing bracket 65, the swing bracket 65 returns to its horizontal position, and the seedling tray is placed on the swing bracket 65. The track is secured to the conveyor rail 1 with bolts. A second hydraulic cylinder is installed, and a fixed seat 68 is welded to the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder. A lifting plate 69 is slidably installed on the fixed seat 68, passing through the fixed seat 68 and sliding on it. A third hydraulic cylinder is fixed between the lifting plate 69 and the fixed seat 68 by bolts, which realizes the translation of the lifting plate 69. When a seedling tray is placed on the swing bracket 65, the lifting plate 64 continues to lift, and the swing bracket 65 swings upward to allow the seedling tray to... When a large number of seedling trays are placed on the swing bracket 65, the swing bracket 65 may damage the bottom of the seedling trays when it swings upward. In this application, before the lifting plate 64 is lifted, the third hydraulic cylinder retracts to make way for the seedling trays, the second hydraulic cylinder retracts, the lifting plate 69 is lower than the swing bracket 65, the third hydraulic cylinder lifts, the lifting bracket is located below the seedling trays placed on the swing bracket 65, the second hydraulic cylinder lifts, and the seedling trays are separated from the swing bracket 65. In this way, when the lifting plate 64 lifts the seedling trays, the swing bracket 65 will not damage the seedling trays.

Claims

1. An automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray, comprising a conveying track, a film covering mechanism, a primary soil covering mechanism, a watering mechanism, a spot sowing mechanism, and a secondary soil covering mechanism, wherein the film covering mechanism, the primary soil covering mechanism, the watering mechanism, the spot sowing mechanism, and the secondary soil covering mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying track, and the seedling tray is placed on the conveying track for conveying. Its features are, The film covering mechanism includes a roller and a pressure roller. A mesh film is wound on the roller. A column is installed above the conveyor track to hold the roller. A pressure roller is installed on the conveyor track, located below the roller, and presses against the top of the seedling tray. Both the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms are feeding hoppers, which contain substrate soil. The substrate soil in the feeding hopper is directly discharged into the seedling tray. The water spraying mechanism consists of multiple water pipes that are horizontally mounted above the conveyor track. Each water pipe has a spray hole at its bottom and each water pipe can move horizontally. The seeding mechanism includes a seeding hopper and a seeding wheel. The seeding wheel is located below the seeding hopper. Seeding grooves for placing seeds are opened on the outer circumference of the seeding wheel. An arc-shaped plate that fits against the outer wall of the seeding wheel is set on the outer wall of the seeding wheel. The starting end and the tail end of the arc-shaped plate are located on one side of the cleaning roller and the lowest end of the seeding wheel, respectively. An annular groove is set on one end face of the seeding wheel. Multiple air holes are opened on the seeding wheel. Air jet holes are opened at the bottom of each seeding groove. The air jet holes are connected to the air holes. The air holes are connected to the annular groove. A slider is locked in the annular groove. The slider passes through an air pipe that connects to the air holes. The air pipe is connected to an air pump. Both the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms are equipped with pressing rollers on the conveying tracks. Swinging arms are installed on the pressing rollers, and elastic buffer components are installed on the swing arms. The pressing rollers gently compact the substrate soil and flatten the top surface of the substrate soil. A leveling assembly is installed on the conveying track on one side of the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms. The leveling assembly includes a mounting shell, a leveling brush, and a height adjustment assembly. The mounting shell covers the conveying track and the leveling brush is installed inside the mounting shell. A lifting groove is opened on the mounting shell, and a sliding seat for lifting is embedded in the lifting groove. Both ends of the leveling brush are installed on the sliding seat, and one end of the leveling brush is connected to the motor. A height adjustment assembly is installed between the top of the mounting shell and the sliding seat. The height adjustment assembly includes an adjusting rod, a stop groove, and a limit rod. A rotating plate is installed on the outer wall of the sliding seat. A traction spring is installed between the rotating plate and the conveying track. The top of the rotating plate has a through hole for the adjusting rod to pass through. The adjusting rod is a lead screw and has two nuts that clamp the rotating plate. The adjusting rod passes through both ends of the limit rod. Multiple stop grooves are arranged side by side on the top of the mounting shell. The limit rod is locked in the stop grooves, and the multiple stop grooves are staggered in height. The swing arm is mounted on the sliding seat by rotational engagement. The swing arm rotates coaxially with the sweeping brush. The elastic buffer component is a torsion spring, which is mounted on the swing arm and the sliding seat. A sliding rod is mounted on one end of the swing arm. The two ends of the pressure roller are chamfered. The pressure roller moves on the sliding rod. Buffer springs are sleeved on the sliding rods at both ends of the pressure roller. Water supply pipes are installed at both ends of the water supply pipe, and both ends of the water supply pipes are connected to the water pump. The two ends of the water supply pipe are connected to the water supply pipes on both sides, and the water supply pipe and the water supply pipe are in sliding fit. A reciprocating spring is sleeved between the water supply pipe and the water supply pipe. A translation rod is installed above one end of the water supply pipe, and a rotating shaft driven by a motor is installed on one side of the translation rod. Multiple cams are installed on the rotating shaft, and the translation rod contacts the outer wall of the cams. A water receiving trough is installed below the conveying track, and the water receiving trough is located below the water supply pipe. A cutting component is installed on the conveying track to cut the membrane.

2. The automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray according to claim 1, characterized in that, A feeding assembly is installed above the hopper of both the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms. The feeding assembly includes a mixing hopper, a conveyor belt, and a screening assembly. The mixing hopper is mounted on the ground via support legs and contains mixing blades. A conveyor belt is installed at the bottom of the mixing hopper, and a partition plate is installed on the conveyor belt. The top of the partition plate contacts the bottom of the mixing hopper. A lifting belt is installed below the conveyor belt, and a screening assembly is installed between the lifting belt and the conveyor belt. The screening assembly includes a screen and a crank-rocker mechanism. A placement frame is installed above the lifting belt, and multiple sets of rollers are placed on top of the placement frame at the bottom of the screen. Rollers that clamp the sides of the screen are installed on the placement frame. A crank-rocker mechanism is installed between the placement frame and the screen, enabling the screen to reciprocate. The crank-rocker mechanism is driven by the lifting belt.

3. The automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray according to claim 2, characterized in that, A uniformly moving feed belt is installed below the hopper of both the primary and secondary soil covering mechanisms. There is a height difference between the top of the hopper and the top of the feed belt, so that a fixed amount of substrate soil of a certain thickness is conveyed on the feed belt.

4. The automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cutting assembly includes a detection component, a lifting cutting blade, and a pressure plate. The detection component is located on both sides of the seedling tray. When the detection component is between the seedling trays, it is triggered. A cylinder is installed at the bottom of the lifting cutting blade, and the cylinder body is installed on the conveying track. The lifting cutting blade is raised and lowered by the extension and retraction of the cylinder. A pressure plate is installed on the conveying track above the seedling tray. The lifting cutting blade rises and contacts the bottom of the pressure plate, thus completing the cutting.

5. The automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray according to claim 4, characterized in that, A seeding shell is provided below the seeding hopper, and a seeding wheel is installed on the seeding shell. A roller and a cleaning roller are installed on the seeding shell, and the roller and cleaning roller are in contact with the seeding wheel shell. The roller and cleaning roller are driven by a motor, and the discharge port of the seeding hopper is located between the roller and the cleaning roller.

6. The automatic sowing mechanism for a seedling tray according to claim 5, characterized in that, A stacking assembly is installed at the end of the conveyor track. The stacking assembly includes a lifting assembly and a swing bracket. The lifting assembly, which is a lifting plate, is located below the end of the conveyor track. A first hydraulic cylinder is installed between the lifting plate and the conveyor track. Multiple upward-extending mounting seats are provided on both sides of the conveyor track. A swing bracket is hinged to the inside of the mounting seat. A limit plate is installed on the mounting seat. When the swing bracket is horizontal, the bottom of the swing bracket presses against the limit plate to prevent the swing bracket from swinging downward. A second hydraulic cylinder is installed on the conveyor track. A fixed seat is installed on the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder. A lifting plate is installed on the fixed seat through a sliding fit. A third hydraulic cylinder is located between the lifting plate and the fixed seat.

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