Attractant, lure and application of attractant and lure
By using volatile cyclic terpene components as attractants and semi-open pine pine lemon releasers, the problem of inaccurate release of pine lemon mites is solved, and efficient pine lemon lemon mites is achieved and the ecological environment protection effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510426070.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-04
AI Technical Summary
The release technology of pine celestial mites in the existing technology is not mature enough to achieve precise control and large-scale colonization, resulting in poor prevention and control effects and lack of effective attractants, so it is impossible to effectively use pine celestial mites to infect pine celestial mites to prevent and control pine celestial mites.
The volatile cyclic terpene component is used as the attractant, combined with the semi-open pine celestial mites releaser, and by setting up an escape device on the insect collecting bottle, the residence time of the pine celestial mites in the releaser is extended, the probability of carrying the small mites is increased, and the small mites are carried to the forest through the pine celestial mites.
It improves the attraction and retention effect of the pine pine nipples, increases the success rate of carrying out sowing, reduces the use of pesticides, promotes the stability and biodiversity of forest ecosystems, and reduces environmental pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN120240435A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biological control, and particularly to attractants, lure cores and their applications. Background Art
[0002] Pine wilt disease is a globally devastating forest disease that causes the wilting and death of pine trees, which is carried and spread by the vector insect Monochamus alternatus, Hope, and the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Comprehensive control of Monochamus alternatus is an important strategy to contain the spread of pine wilt disease.
[0003] Paracarophenax alternatus, Xu and Zhang, as the world's first natural enemy mite parasitizing the eggs of Monochamus alternatus, can not only efficiently kill the eggs of Monochamus alternatus, but also spread the population through the body surface of the longhorn beetle, and has great potential for pest control. However, due to the immaturity of the current release technology of natural enemy mites, it is impossible to achieve the precise control of host insects by natural enemy mites and the large-scale colonization of the population, resulting in high release costs and greatly reduced control effects. In addition, there is currently no literature disclosing an attractant for effectively attracting Paracarophenax alternatus. Therefore, there is still a large research gap in the technology of using Paracarophenax alternatus to infect and control Monochamus alternatus. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an attractant, a lure core and their applications with reliable implementation and flexible application.
[0005] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0006] An attractant for attracting Monochamus alternatus and / or Paracarophenax alternatus, which comprises a volatile cyclic terpene component, and the volatile cyclic terpene component comprises one or more of α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-phellandrene, and longifolene.
[0007] Among them, the volatile cyclic terpene component comprises the following parts by volume of solution components:
[0008]
[0009]
[0010] Correspondingly, the mass concentrations of the solution components are as follows: α-pinene 10%, (-)-α-pinene 10%, (+)-α-pinene 10%, β-pinene 0.01%, β-caryophyllene 1%, α-phellandrene 0.01%, longifolene 10%. They are mixed in a volume ratio of 7:2:2:3:3:0.5:1.5 in sequence to form the solution components.
[0011] Based on the above, the present solution also proposes a lure core, which is used for attracting Monochamus alternatus and / or Acarapis woodi, and includes the above-mentioned attractant.
[0012] Based on the above, the present solution also proposes a semi-open type Acarapis woodi release device, which applies the above-mentioned lure core. Its structure specifically includes: a top cover, a cross baffle, a collecting funnel, a collecting bottle and a lure core. The upper and lower ends of the cross baffle are respectively fixedly connected to the top cover and the collecting funnel. A hollow is provided in the middle of the cross baffle, and the lure core is arranged at the hollow. The lure core is also injected with a Monochamus alternatus and Acarapis woodi attractant; the large mouth end of the collecting funnel faces upward, and its small mouth end is connected to the collecting bottle through a connecting piece. A channel for Monochamus alternatus to enter the collecting bottle is provided between the collecting funnel and the collecting bottle. At least one release hole for Monochamus alternatus to escape is provided at the lower part of the bottle body of the collecting bottle.
[0013] As a possible implementation manner, further, the top cover in the present solution is a conical umbrella-like structure with its large mouth end facing downward.
[0014] As a possible implementation manner, further, four strip-shaped opening grooves matched with the cross baffle are opened on both the top cover and the collecting funnel in the present solution. The upper and lower ends of the cross baffle respectively pass through the strip-shaped opening grooves on the top cover and the collecting funnel, and are fixed by cable ties.
[0015] As a possible implementation manner, further, the lure core is suspended at the hollow through a hook, and the hook is fixed at the upper end of the hollow of the cross baffle.
[0016] As a possible implementation manner, further, a suspension hook is arranged at the top of the top cover in the present solution, which is used to suspend the release device on an external support.
[0017] As a possible implementation manner, further, a chamfer is arranged at the middle of the bottom of the cross baffle in the present solution; the surface of the cross baffle and the inner surface of the collecting funnel are smooth.
[0018] Based on the above, the present solution also provides a method for releasing Acarapis woodi, which applies the above-mentioned semi-open type Acarapis woodi release device. The method includes:
[0019] 1) Use the masson pine wood section as the host wood and place it in the insect collection bottle. At the same time, release *Acerophagus ips* onto the host wood. Seal the three escape holes of the insect collection bottle with adhesive tape, and hang a lure core with a 2-month effective period on the cross baffle of the release device to ensure that there are captured *Monochamus alternatus* in the insect collection bottle.
[0020] 2) Hang the semi-open *Acerophagus ips* release device in the forest to induce *Monochamus alternatus* to enter the insect collection bottle, allowing *Acerophagus ips* to infect *Monochamus alternatus* and establish a transmission relationship.
[0021] 3) Open the escape holes on the insect collection bottle of the semi-open *Acerophagus ips* release device to allow *Monochamus alternatus* carrying *Acerophagus ips* to escape and spread.
[0022] As a possible implementation method, further, in step 1) of this solution, flower mud is also placed in the insect collection bottle.
[0023] As a possible implementation method, further, in step 1) of this solution, the host wood is placed in the insect collection bottle in a horizontal or inclined manner.
[0024] As a possible implementation method, further, multiple semi-open *Acerophagus ips* release devices are used in the release method of this solution.
[0025] Adopting the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The semi-open *Acerophagus ips* release device of this solution has the advantages of novel design concept, simple structure, low cost, long service life, etc. By combining with an effective attractant, it can more efficiently attract adult *Monochamus alternatus* to lay eggs and feed in the release device. At the same time, this attractant also has a certain attraction to *Acerophagus ips*, enabling it to have a good staying effect on the host wood for subsequent transmission.
[0026] Currently, the main methods for releasing natural enemy mites include air-assisted release, vibrating mechanical release, and unmanned aerial vehicle release, which have defects such as being restricted by terrain, high cost, slow effect, and inaccurate control. Compared with these technologies, the present invention first proposes to establish an artificial habitat coupling *Monochamus alternatus* and *Acerophagus ips* and use the transmission characteristics for precise release. By adding an escape device to the insect collection bottle, while extending the staying time of *Monochamus alternatus* in the release device to increase the transmission probability of *Acerophagus ips*, it also ensures that the mite-carrying *Monochamus alternatus* can escape from the release device normally and carry *Acerophagus ips* to the forest. In addition, the length of the cross baffle can be freely adjusted to adapt to different release conditions and forest stands.
[0027] The solution of the present invention develops a persistent and efficient insect biological control technology, which can greatly reduce the amount of pesticide used during large-scale promotion and application, is conducive to improving the stability and biodiversity of forest ecosystems, and maintaining ecological balance. It significantly reduces the pollution of the environment such as soil, water body, and air by chemical pesticides, promotes the restoration of the ecological environment and the improvement of ecological balance, and has significant ecological benefits. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0029] Figure 1 It is one of the result comparisons of the verification of the attraction of volatile attractants to *Acerophagus matsukarehae* by the four-arm olfactometer behavior in this solution;
[0030] Figure 2 It is the second result comparison of the verification of the attraction of volatile attractants to *Acerophagus matsukarehae* by the four-arm olfactometer behavior in this solution;
[0031] Figure 3 It is the third result comparison of the verification of the attraction of volatile attractants to *Acerophagus matsukarehae* by the four-arm olfactometer behavior in this solution;
[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the brief implementation structure of the releaser in this solution;
[0033] Figure 5 It is a partial structure schematic diagram of the releaser in this solution;
[0034] Figure 6 It is a structure schematic diagram of the cross baffle of the releaser in this solution;
[0035] Figure 7 It is a structure schematic diagram of the top cover of the releaser in this solution;
[0036] Figure 8 It is a brief schematic diagram of the placement of wood and flower mud in the releaser in this solution;
[0037] Figure 9 It is a brief schematic diagram of the releaser installed in the forest in this solution;
[0038] Figure 10It is a brief data comparison chart for optimizing the escape method of the insect collection bottle of the releaser in this solution. Among them, Figure A shows the comparison of the effects of different escape methods of the insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser with an opening 3 cm from the bottom of the bottle on the escape quantity and staying time of longhorn beetles, and Figure B shows the comparison of the effects of different escape methods of the insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser with an opening flush with the bottom of the bottle on the escape quantity and staying time of longhorn beetles;
[0039] Figure 11 It is a comparison chart of the effects of different numbers of escape hole openings on the escape of Monochamus alternatus when the releaser in this solution is of 3L specification. Among them, Figure A shows the effects of different numbers and diameters of openings of the 3L insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser on the escape quantity of Monochamus alternatus, and Figure B shows the effects of different numbers and diameters of openings of the 3L insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser on the escape time of Monochamus alternatus;
[0040] Figure 12 It is a comparison of the escape situations when the insect collection bottles of the releaser in this solution are of 3L and 10L specifications. Among them, Figure A shows the effects of different numbers and diameters of openings of the 3L and 10L insect collection bottles of the semi-open releaser on the escape quantity of Monochamus alternatus, and Figure B shows the effects of different numbers and diameters of openings of the 3L and 10L insect collection bottles of the semi-open releaser on the escape time of Monochamus alternatus;
[0041] Figure 13 It is a comparison of the effects of different lengths of pine branches placed inside on the escape of longhorn beetles when the insect collection bottle of the releaser in this solution is of 3L. Among them, Figure A shows the effects of different lengths of pine branches of the 3L insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser on the escape quantity of longhorn beetles, and Figure B shows the effects of different lengths of pine branches of the 3L insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser on the escape time of longhorn beetles;
[0042] Figure 14 It is a comparison of the effects of different lengths of pine branches placed inside on the escape of longhorn beetles when the insect collection bottle of the releaser in this solution is of 10L. Among them, Figure A shows the effects of different lengths of pine branches of the 10L insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser on the escape quantity of longhorn beetles, and Figure B shows the effects of different lengths of pine branches of the 10L insect collection bottle of the semi-open releaser on the escape time of longhorn beetles. Detailed implementation manners
[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be specifically noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the following embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present invention rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0044] Embodiment 1
[0045] Preparation of Monochamus alternatus mite attractant
[0046] Using α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-phellandrene and longifolene, which have a certain attraction to Monochamus alternatus, as volatile attractants; using a four-arm olfactometer to conduct behavioral detection experiments on Acarapis woodi of Monochamus alternatus.
[0047] Among them, each device is connected by a rubber hose, and its basic composition is as follows: an air blowing pump, an activated carbon column air filtration device, an air humidification device (a special porous filter bottle filled with ultrapure water), a flavor source bottle, a flow meter (LZB-4 type glass rotor flow meter), and a four-arm olfactometer. When measuring, 20 μL of the standard product to be tested is evenly dropped on a 1 cm × 1 cm filter paper, and then placed in a flavor source bottle at one end as the treatment group. Liquid paraffin and air are selected as the controls at the other two ends, and the remaining one end is not connected to the device as the air outlet (liquid paraffin is symmetric with the standard product to be tested, and air is symmetric with the air outlet). The substances to be tested are the volatile substances detected on the body surface of Monochamus alternatus and the eggs of Monochamus alternatus by GC-MS.
[0048] Experimental conditions: air flow rate: 70 mL / min, room temperature: 26 ± 2 °C, relative humidity: 70 ± 5%. Dilute the substances to be tested with liquid paraffin to 10 -1 、10 -2 、10 -3 and 10 -4 concentration gradients in total. Drop 20 μL of the substance to be tested on a 1 × 1 cm filter paper and place it in the flavor source bottle, eliminating all light sources. Then put the Acarapis woodi of Monochamus alternatus to be tested into the instrument, with a quantity of not less than 50 per group being appropriate. Count the number of Acarapis woodi of Monochamus alternatus that stay at the center disk in the sample chamber and those that do not enter the sample chamber at intervals of 30 min. If the test insect enters the sample chamber, record that the test insect has selected the substance to be tested in that arm. The test insects need to be statically treated for 1 h before the test. After the behavioral experiment is completed, wash three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove the odor, then wash three times with ultrapure water, and then place it in an oven at 60 °C and dry for 3 h before it can be used again to ensure no residual substances. Finally, further analyze the significance of the data by the One-Way ANOVA method in SPSS software.
[0049] By adjusting the concentration of the volatile substances and combining with the behavioral experiment data of the four-arm olfactometer, determine the optimal concentration of each attractant for attracting Acarapis woodi (as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 ), and then configure the attractant for Acarapis woodi of Monochamus alternatus based on the component ratio of the volatile substances on the body surface of adult Monochamus alternatus and the eggs of Monochamus alternatus.
[0050] Among them, the formula of the attractant for Acarapis woodi of Monochamus alternatus is shown in Table 1 below:
[0051] Table 1 Formula of the attractant for Acarapis woodi of Monochamus alternatus
[0052]
[0053] Furthermore, through the four-arm olfactometer experiment (the method is as described above), it was determined that the attraction rate of the optimized Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mite attractant reached 75.97%. Compared with α-Pinene with only a concentration of 10 -1 , the attraction efficiency was significantly improved (df = 4, F = 4.627, P < 0.05).
[0054] The above-mentioned Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mite attractant formula can effectively improve the attraction rate for Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mite. The formula can be made into a lure core to effectively avoid the situation where a large number of Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mites escape immediately after being put into the release device, and improve the probability of establishing a carrying relationship between the released Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mites and the Monochamus alternatus attracted into the release device.
[0055] Example 2
[0056] Combined with Figures 4 to 8 As shown in one of them, the solution of this embodiment is a semi-open Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mite release device, which includes a top cover 1, a cross baffle 2, a collecting funnel 3, a collecting bottle 4 and a lure core 6. The upper and lower ends of the cross baffle 2 are respectively fixedly connected to the top cover 1 and the collecting funnel 3. A hollow 21 is provided in the middle of the cross baffle 2, and the lure core 6 is arranged at the hollow 21. The Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mite attractant mentioned in Example 1 (the formula is shown in Table 1) is also injected into the lure core 6; the large end of the collecting funnel 3 faces upward, and its small end is connected to the collecting bottle 4 through a connector 8. A channel for Monochamus alternatus to enter the collecting bottle 4 is provided between the collecting funnel 3 and the collecting bottle 4. At least one release hole 41 for Monochamus alternatus to escape is provided at the lower part of the bottle body of the collecting bottle 4.
[0057] Among them, the top cover 1 is a conical umbrella-shaped structure with its large end facing downward. The diameter of the collecting funnel 3 is ≥ 45, and a moisture-retaining material is provided in the collecting funnel 3. For the convenience of connection, four strip-shaped opening grooves 11 matching the cross baffle 2 are provided on both the top cover 1 and the collecting funnel 3 of this solution. The upper and lower ends of the cross baffle 2 respectively pass through the strip-shaped opening grooves 1 on the top cover 1 and the collecting funnel 3 and are fixed by a tie strap 23.
[0058] In this solution, heat-insulating and efficiency-enhancing coatings are smeared on the inner sides of both the cross baffle 2 and the collecting funnel 3. The collecting funnel 3 and the collecting bottle 4 are connected through a connector 8 (such as a buckle). In terms of capacity, the collecting bottle can be a 10L collecting bottle. Three circular holes with a diameter of 1.5 cm are opened at the bottom of its bottle body as the release holes 41. An opening with a diameter of 5 cm × 5 cm is opened at the middle position of the bottom of the collecting bottle 4, and a conical flower mud 10 with a length of 8 cm and a diameter of 8 cm is placed in the middle.
[0059] As an example, in this solution, the length of the cross baffle 2 is ≥ 85 cm, and there is a rectangular hollow 21 with a size of 12 cm × 5 cm in the middle. One metal hook 5 is provided inside for installing the lure core 6. That is, in this solution, the lure core 6 is suspended at the hollow 21 through the hook 5, and the hook 5 is fixed at the upper end of the hollow 21 of the cross baffle 2. A suspension hook 7 is provided at the top of the top cover 1, which is used to suspend the releaser on an external support. A chamfer 22 is provided at the middle of the bottom of the cross baffle 2; the surface of the cross baffle 2 and the inner surface of the insect collection funnel 3 are smooth.
[0060] The assembly method of the releaser in this solution is briefly as follows:
[0061] 1. Expand the conical top cover and the cross baffle, and adjust to a suitable angle.
[0062] 2. Connect the cross baffle through the card slot of the top cover baffle and fix it with a cable tie.
[0063] 3. Expand the insect collection funnel, connect it with the cross baffle through the card slot and fix it with a cable tie.
[0064] 4. The buckle is connected to the insect collection funnel with a cable tie, and then connected to the insect collection bottle through the thread on the bayonet.
[0065] 5. Install the lure core at the hollow hook of the cross baffle.
[0066] The formula of the Monarthrum mali Xiao mite attractant in this embodiment solution includes the following component solutions mixed in a certain volume ratio.
[0067] The components include: α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-phellandrene, longifolene;
[0068] Among them, the concentration of α-pinene is 10%, the concentration of (-)-α-pinene is 10%, the concentration of (+)-α-pinene is 10%, the concentration of β-pinene is 0.01%, the concentration of β-caryophyllene is 1%, the concentration of α-phellandrene is 0.01%, and the concentration of longifolene is 10%;
[0069] The volume ratio of α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-phellandrene, and longifolene is 7:2:2:3:3:0.5:1.5.
[0070] On the basis shown in Figures 4 to 8 Combined with Figure 9 Shown above, based on the above, this embodiment solution also provides a method for releasing Monarthrum mali Xiao mites, which applies at least one or more of the above semi-open Monarthrum mali Xiao mite releasers. The method includes:
[0071] 1) Use the masson pine wood section as the wood source 9 and place it in the insect collection bottle 4. At the same time, release the mite Parasitellus fukutai onto the wood source 9. Seal the three escape holes 41 of the insect collection bottle 4 with adhesive tape, and hang a lure core 6 with a 2-month effective period on the cross baffle 2 of the release device to ensure that there are captured longhorned beetles in the insect collection bottle 4.
[0072] 2) Hang the semi-open type release device of Parasitellus fukutai in the forest to induce the longhorned beetles to enter the insect collection bottle 4, enabling the mites to infect the longhorned beetles and establish a transmission relationship.
[0073] 3) Open the escape holes 41 on the insect collection bottle 4 of the semi-open type release device of Parasitellus fukutai to allow the longhorned beetles to carry the mites and escape and spread.
[0074] Among them, in step 1), flower mud is also placed in the insect collection bottle. In step 1), the wood source is placed in the insect collection bottle in a horizontal or inclined manner.
[0075] In addition, in step 1) of this solution, the number of wood sources placed is within 20, with a length of 15 - 20 cm and a diameter of 3 - 5 cm. Both ends of all wood sources are pasted with tin foil to extend their service life. When in use, the wood source needs to be replaced in a timely manner according to the pest situation, i.e., the pest density, in the release plot. It can be used for more than 4 months at most, and the general replacement period is 2 - 4 months.
[0076] As a practical example, when this release device is in use, it can also be operated through the following method:
[0077] Three days before releasing the mites, hang the release device in the forest, seal the three escape openings of the insect collection bottle with adhesive tape, and hang a lure core with a 2-month effective period on the cross baffle of the release device.
[0078] Three days later, if there are captured adult longhorned beetles in the insect collection bottle, place a wood source with a length of 20 cm and a diameter of about 3 cm into the insect collection bottle. Then, put 2000 mites of Parasitellus fukutai, together with filter paper and a PE film, into the insect collection bottle of the release device, and tear off the adhesive tape on the escape hole. At the same time, insert several pine branches into the flower mud for the pine sawyer beetle to feed on.
[0079] Among them, the hanging method of the release device is: the release device is 2 - 4 meters above the ground, and the distance between each release device is about 50 meters. Replace the lure core every 2 months.
[0080] In this solution, the Monochamus alternatus in the forest is attracted by the volatile odor of the lure core in the release device, and feeds inside the release device or lays eggs on the breeding wood and carries the Acarapis woodi. At this time, some of the Acarapis woodi in the funnel of the release device attach to the chest and abdomen of the longhorn beetle to establish a relationship of carrying and spreading. After the feeding or egg-laying activity of the longhorn beetle is completed, it leaves the release device and is carried into the forest. When the mite-carrying longhorn beetles mate, the Acarapis woodi transfers among the longhorn beetles. Finally, when the female longhorn beetle lays eggs, it crawls into the engrailed groove, parasitizes the eggs of the longhorn beetle, and sucks the egg liquid to make the abdomen expand, forming a bloated abdomen. When the offspring mites complete their development, they are viviparously crawled out from the bloated abdomen, actively look for host eggs or return to the body surface of the longhorn beetle when the longhorn beetle feeds nearby to establish a new relationship of carrying and spreading, achieving population expansion while playing an efficient role in biological pest control. The Acarapis woodi in the release device continues the population by parasitizing the eggs laid by the previously attracted female longhorn beetles.
[0081] Regarding the optimization of the release device, the following technical points for optimization are proposed in this solution:
[0082] 1. Selection of different escape methods for the insect collection bottle
[0083] Open a 3 cm × 3 cm opening on the body of a 3L insect collection bottle. Set 4 different escape methods at the opening, namely, plastic wrap, magnet, PVC soft film, and hinge. For the plastic wrap escape method, open a 3 cm × 3 cm opening on the body of the insect collection bottle, seal the opening with plastic wrap, and cut a slit in the middle of the plastic wrap for the Monochamus alternatus to escape. For the magnet escape method, open a downward U-shaped opening with a size of 3 cm × 3 cm on the bottle body, and install a micro magnet with a diameter of 3 mm and a thickness of 2 mm at the opening for the Monochamus alternatus to escape. For the PVC soft film escape method, open a 3 cm × 3 cm opening on the body of the insect collection bottle, and install a strip-shaped PVC soft film with a size of 5 cm × 5 cm cut at the opening for the Monochamus alternatus to escape. For the hinge escape method, open a 3 cm × 3 cm opening on the body of the insect collection bottle, and install a 3 cm × 3 cm micro hinge above the opening for the Monochamus alternatus to escape. Place pine branches and 3 breeding woods with a diameter of about 3 cm in the 3L insect collection bottle, and put 6 Monochamus alternatus in the insect collection bottle, with a male-female ratio of 1:1. Observe the escape rate and escape time of the Monochamus alternatus for 3 days, with 3 replicates for each treatment.
[0084] Combined with Figure 10 as shown, the influence of different escape methods on the escape quantity and time of the longhorn beetle is Figure 10 -A shows that for the different escape methods with the opening position 3 cm above the bottom of the bottle, there is no significant difference in the influence on the escape quantity and time of the longhorn beetle (P > 0.05). As shown in Figure 10-B It can be seen that there are significant differences in the effects of different escape methods with the opening position flush with the bottom of the bottle on the number and time of longhorn beetle escape (P < 0.05). Among them, the number of longhorn beetles escaping through the PVC soft film and hinge is the largest, and the escape time of longhorn beetles is relatively short, which are 33 h and 21 h respectively. The experiment shows that the opening position has a significant effect on the escape of Monochamus alternatus. When the opening position of the collecting bottle of the semi-open release device is flush with the bottom of the bottle, it is more conducive to the escape of Monochamus alternatus.
[0085] 2. Setting the size of the escape device:
[0086] In a 3-L collecting bottle, round holes with different diameters (D = 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm) and different numbers of round holes (1, 2, 3) are opened at the bottom of the bottle body. Pine branches and 3 pieces of pinewood with a diameter of about 3 cm are placed in the collecting bottle, and 6 Monochamus alternatus are put into the collecting bottle with a male-female ratio of 1:1. Observe the escape rate and escape time of Monochamus alternatus for 3 days, with 3 replicates for each treatment.
[0087] Combined with Figure 11 as shown, the effects of the opening size and number of the collecting bottle of the semi-open release device on the escape of longhorn beetles. As can be seen from Figure 11 -A, the opening diameter and number of the collecting bottle have a significant effect on the number of Monochamus alternatus escaping (df = 8, F = 2.436, P < 0.05). As the number of openings in the collecting bottle increases, the number of Monochamus alternatus escaping is more. When the opening diameter is 1 cm, the average number of Monochamus alternatus escaping is 1.2. When the opening diameter reaches 1.5 cm and above, the average number of Monochamus alternatus escaping is 4.1, which is 3.4 times that of the former.
[0088] The effects of the opening size and number of the collecting bottle of the semi-open release device on the escape time of longhorn beetles can be seen from Figure 11 -B. The opening diameter and number of the collecting bottle have a significant effect on the escape time of Monochamus alternatus (df = 8, F = 4.17, P < 0.05). As the opening diameter and number increase, the escape time of Monochamus alternatus is significantly shortened. When the opening diameter is 1 cm, the average escape time of Monochamus alternatus is 66.5 h. When the opening diameter is 1.5 cm and above, the average escape time of Monochamus alternatus is 36.9 h, and its escape time is shortened by nearly 1.8 times compared with the former. Therefore, a collecting bottle diameter of 1.5 cm and above is conducive to the escape of Monochamus alternatus.
[0089] 3. Setting the volume of the collecting bottle:
[0090] Select 3-L and 10-L collecting bottles, and open round holes with a diameter of 1.5 cm and different numbers of round holes (1, 2, 3) at the bottom of the bottle body respectively. Pine branches and 3 pieces of pinewood with a diameter of about 3 cm are placed in the collecting bottle, and 6 Monochamus alternatus are put into the collecting bottle with a male-female ratio of 1:1. Observe the escape rate and escape time of Monochamus alternatus for 3 days, with 3 replicates for each treatment.
[0091] Combined with Figure 12 As shown, the influence of different volumes of the semi-open release collector bottle on the escape of longhorn beetles is as follows, as can be seen from Figure 12 -A. The volume of the collector bottle has a significant effect on the number of escaped Monochamus alternatus (df = 5, F = 3.7, P = 0.029 < 0.05). The larger the volume of the collector bottle, the fewer the number of escaped Monochamus alternatus. As can be seen from Figure 12 -B, the volume of the collector bottle has no significant effect on the escape time of Monochamus alternatus (df = 5, F = 1.451, P = 0.276 < 0.05). The collector bottles with different volumes have no obvious influence on the escape time of Monochamus alternatus.
[0092] 4. Selection of pine branch length:
[0093] Select 3L and 10L collector bottles, and place pine branches of different lengths in the collector bottles for Monochamus alternatus to escape (the pine branches are flush with the bottle mouth, 10 cm longer than the bottle mouth, and 20 cm longer than the bottle mouth). Place pine branches and 3 pieces of wood with a diameter of about 3 cm in the collector bottle, and put 6 Monochamus alternatus in the collector bottle, with a male-female ratio of 1:1. Observe the escape rate and escape time of Monochamus alternatus for 3 days, with 3 replicates for each treatment.
[0094] Combined with Figure 13 As shown, the influence of different pine branch lengths in the 3L collector bottle of the semi-open release device on the escape of longhorn beetles is as follows, as can be seen from Figure 13 -A. The influence of different pine branch lengths in the collector bottle on the escape of longhorn beetles is not significant (df = 2, F = 0, P > 0.05). Different lengths of pine branches in the collector bottle have little influence on the number of escaped Monochamus alternatus, and the average number of escaped Monochamus alternatus is 5.33. Monochamus alternatus uses pine branches to escape, and the escape rate is 88%. As can be seen from Figure 13 -B, the pine branch length in the collector bottle has no significant effect on the escape time of Monochamus alternatus (df = 2, F = 1.643, P < 0.05).
[0095] Combined with Figure 14 As shown, in this scheme, the influence of different pine branch lengths in the 10L collector bottle of the semi-open release device on the escape of longhorn beetles is as follows, as can be seen from Figure 14 -A. The influence of different pine branch lengths in the collector bottle on the escape of longhorn beetles is not significant (df = 2, F = 0.375, P = 0.702 > 0.05). Different lengths of pine branches in the collector bottle have little influence on the number of escaped Monochamus alternatus, and the average number of escaped Monochamus alternatus is 2. Monochamus alternatus uses pine branches to escape, and the escape rate is 33%. As can be seen from Figure 14 -B, the pine branch length in the collector bottle has no significant effect on the escape time of Monochamus alternatus (df = 2, F = 1.878, P = 0.233 > 0.05). The average escape time of Monochamus alternatus is 33.28 h.
[0096] The above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and thus do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent device or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An attractant for attracting Monochamus alternatus and / or Acalitus monochami, characterized in that, It includes a volatile cyclic terpene component, and the volatile cyclic terpene component includes one or more of α-pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-phellandrene, and longifolene.
2. The attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volatile cyclic terpene component includes the following parts by volume of solution components:
3. The attractant according to claim 2, wherein: The mass concentrations of the solution components are as follows: α-pinene 10%, (-)-α-pinene 10%, (+)-α-pinene 10%, β-pinene 0.01%, β-caryophyllene 1%, α-phellandrene 0.01%, and longifolene 10%. They are mixed in a volume ratio of 7:2:2:3:3:0.5:1.5 in sequence to form the solution components.
4. A lure core, characterized in that, It includes the attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. A semi-open release device for Oligota aceris, which applies the lure core described in claim 4, characterized in that, It includes a top cover (1), a cross baffle (2), a collecting funnel (3), a collecting bottle (4), and a lure core (6). The upper and lower ends of the cross baffle (2) are fixedly connected to the top cover (1) and the collecting funnel (3) respectively. A hollow (21) is provided in the middle of the cross baffle (2). The lure core (6) is arranged at the hollow (21), and a Monochamus alternatus mite attractant is also injected into the lure core (6). The large-mouth end of the collecting funnel (3) faces upward, and its small-mouth end is connected to the collecting bottle (4) through a connecting piece (8). A channel for Monochamus alternatus to enter the collecting bottle (4) is provided between the collecting funnel (3) and the collecting bottle (4). At least one release hole (41) for Monochamus alternatus to escape is provided at the lower part of the bottle body of the collecting bottle (4).
6. The semi-open type Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mite releaser according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top cover (1) is a conical umbrella-like structure with its large-mouth end facing downward; Four strip-shaped opening grooves (11) matching the cross baffle (2) are provided on both the top cover (1) and the collecting funnel (3). The upper and lower ends of the cross baffle (2) pass through the strip-shaped opening grooves (1) on the top cover (1) and the collecting funnel (3) respectively, and are fixed by a cable tie (23).
7. The semi-open type Monochamus alternatus Xiao's mite releaser according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lure core (6) is suspended at the hollow (21) through a hook (5), and the hook (5) is fixed at the upper end of the hollow (21) of the cross baffle (2); A hanging hook (7) is provided at the top of the top cover (1), which is used to hang the release device on an external support; A chamfer (22) is provided at the middle of the bottom of the cross baffle (2); the surface of the cross baffle (2) and the inner surface of the collecting funnel (3) are smooth.
8. A method for releasing Oligota matsukarehae, characterized in that, It applies the semi-open Monochamus alternatus mite release device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, and the method includes: 1) Use a masson pine section as the production wood and place it in the collecting bottle. At the same time, release Monochamus alternatus mites on the production wood; seal three escape holes of the collecting bottle with adhesive tape, and hang a lure core with a 2-month effective period on the cross baffle of the release device to promote the capture of Monochamus alternatus in the collecting bottle; 2) Hang the semi-open Monochamus alternatus mite release device in the forest to induce Monochamus alternatus to enter the collecting bottle, so that the mites can infect Monochamus alternatus and establish a carrying and spreading relationship; 3) Open the escape holes on the collecting bottle of the semi-open Monochamus alternatus mite release device to allow Monochamus alternatus to carry the mites and escape and spread.
9. A method for releasing Acarapis woodi Xiao, according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 1), flower mud is also placed in the collecting bottle; In step 1), the wood pieces are placed in the insect collection bottle in a horizontal or inclined manner; In step 1), the number of the wood pieces placed is within 20, the length of the wood pieces is 15 - 20 cm, the diameter of the wood pieces is 3 - 5 cm, and both ends of all the wood pieces are pasted with tinfoil on both sides to extend their service life.
10. A method for releasing Oligota matsukarehae, according to claim 8, characterized in that, The release method uses multiple of the semi-open Monochamus alternatus Chapin mite release devices.