Power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of supply chain carbon emission accounting, and discloses a power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting method and system. The method adopts a hierarchical accounting system, and comprises the following steps: under a life cycle evaluation (LCA) framework, taking a cradle-to-gate as an accounting boundary, and calculating a product carbon footprint of a specific electrical equipment category provided by a specific supplier; based on product carbon footprints and in combination with purchase quantity data, a carbon emission accounting method for annual specific categories, suppliers and electrician equipment categories is established. The problems that an existing power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting method is not unified, and the result is not refined are solved, and the accuracy of the power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission result and the fineness of carbon emission management are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon emission accounting, especially to the carbon emission accounting in the supply chain of power grid enterprises. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the power industry, the carbon emission management of power grid enterprises not only involves their own operational emissions, but also needs to cover the indirect emissions in their complex supply chain, namely supply chain carbon emissions. Supply chain carbon emissions include multiple links such as the goods and services, capital goods purchased upstream in the supply chain, as well as the downstream product use, transportation and scrapping. The wide range and complexity of these emission sources pose severe challenges to the accounting and management capabilities of power grid enterprises.

[0003] Therefore, how to construct a scientific and efficient supply chain carbon emission accounting method and system to solve problems such as data acquisition, accounting standard unity and hierarchical management is the core technical problem that power grid enterprises urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a carbon emission accounting method and system for the supply chain of power grid enterprises to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] This application discloses a carbon emission accounting method for the supply chain of power grid enterprises, including the following steps:

[0006] S1: Under the framework of life cycle assessment (LCA), with "cradle to gate" as the accounting boundary, calculate the product carbon footprint E of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier i,j , calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0007] E i，j = E 原材料获取 + E 产品生产 + E 产品运输 (1)

[0008] Wherein,

[0009] E 原材料获取 , E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 are the carbon emissions in the raw material acquisition, product production and product transportation stages respectively;

[0010] S2: Based on the product carbon footprint E i,j obtained in step S1, combined with the purchase quantity data P i,j and the purchase unit conversion coefficient A i , calculate the carbon emissions E i of a specific category of electrical equipment i in a year, calculated according to the following formula (9):

[0011] E i = ∑j P i，k × A i × E i，j (9)

[0012] Among them,

[0013] P i,j is the procurement quantity of the i-th type of electrical equipment products purchased by the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0014] A i is the conversion coefficient from the statistical unit of the procurement of the i-th type of electrical equipment products to the declaration unit;

[0015] S3: According to the product carbon footprint E obtained in step S1 i,j and the category procurement data in step S2, calculate the carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year j , calculated according to the following formula (10):

[0016] E j = ∑ i P i , j × A i × E i , j (10)

[0017] S4: According to the category carbon emissions E obtained in step S2 i , summarize by the major category k of electrical equipment, and calculate the carbon emissions E of the major category k of electrical equipment in a specific year k , calculated according to the following formula (11):

[0018] E k = ∑ i E i (i ∈ k) (11)

[0019] S5: Summarize the carbon emissions E of each major category of electrical equipment obtained in step S4 k to obtain the total carbon emissions E of the power grid enterprise's annual supply chain, calculated according to the following formula (12):

[0020] E 供应链 = ∑ k E k = ∑ j E j (12).

[0021] In a preferred example, the carbon emissions E in the raw material acquisition stage in step S1 原材料获取 are calculated according to the following formula (2):

[0022] E 原材料获取 = E原材料生产 +E 原材料运输 (2)

[0023] Among them,

[0024] E 原材料生产 is the carbon emission generated from the production of various raw materials consumed in the production of electrical equipment products;

[0025] E 原材料运输 is the carbon emission generated from the energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials;

[0026] And, E 原材料生产 is calculated according to the following formula (3):

[0027]

[0028] Among them,

[0029] AD i is the consumption of the i-th raw material;

[0030] CF i is the carbon footprint factor of the i-th raw material;

[0031] R 1，i is the proportion of recycled materials used in the i-th type of material in the product;

[0032] E PP，i is the carbon emission generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials to meet the quality requirements of virgin material i;

[0033] A i is the distribution coefficient of the i-th recycled material.

[0034] In a preferred example, the carbon emission E in the raw material transportation link in step S1 原材料运输 is calculated according to the following formula (4):

[0035]

[0036] Among them,

[0037] E i生产 is the carbon emission generated from the production of the i-th fuel;

[0038] E i燃烧 is the carbon emission generated from the combustion of the i-th fuel;

[0039] E e is the carbon emission generated from the use of purchased electricity for raw material transportation;

[0040] And, E i燃烧 is calculated according to the following formula (5):

[0041]

[0042] Among them,

[0043] NCV i is the average net calorific value of the i-th fuel;

[0044] FC i is the net consumption of the i-th fuel;

[0045] CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fuel;

[0046] OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fuel

[0047] 44 / 12 is the ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide and carbon;

[0048] GWP 100 is the global warming potential.

[0049] In a preferred example, the carbon emission E in the product production stage in step S1 产品生产 is calculated according to the following formula (7):

[0050]

[0051] Among them,

[0052] E i生产 is the carbon emission generated by the consumption of the i-th non-electric energy or auxiliary materials such as packaging materials, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2e);

[0053] E i燃烧 is the carbon emission generated by the combustion of the i-th fuel in the production process, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0054] E e is the carbon emission generated by the purchased electricity used in the product production process, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0055] M j is the disposal amount of the j-th type of disposal method for the waste generated in the production stage, with the unit of kilogram (kg), kilowatt-hour (kWh) or cubic meter (m3);

[0056] CF j is the carbon emission factor of the j-th type of disposal method in the production stage, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (tCO2e / kg), kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (t CO2e / kWh) or kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter (t CO2e / m3);

[0057] ADk is the emission of the k-th greenhouse gas directly emitted in other cases except fuel combustion during the production process, with the unit of kilogram (kg);

[0058] EF k is the carbon emission factor of the k-th greenhouse gas, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (kgCO2e / kg);

[0059] N is the number of types of non-electric energy and fuels; M is the number of types of waste disposal methods.

[0060] In a preferred example, the carbon emission E in the raw material transportation link 原材料运输 the carbon emission E generated by the purchased electricity in e is calculated according to the following formula (6):

[0061] E e = AD e × CF e (6)

[0062] where

[0063] AD e is the electricity consumption of new energy vehicle models during the raw material transportation process, with the unit of kilowatt-hour (kWh);

[0064] CF e is the carbon emission factor of electricity, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kg CO2 / kWh).

[0065] In a preferred example, the carbon emission E in the product transportation stage in step S1 产品运输 is calculated according to the following formula (8):

[0066]

[0067] where

[0068] M is the quality of electrical equipment products corresponding to the unit declaration unit, with the unit of ton (t);

[0069] D i is the average transportation distance of the i-th transportation method, with the unit of kilometer (km);

[0070] T i is the carbon emission factor under the i-th transportation method, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton·kilometer (kgCO2e / t·km);

[0071] n is the number of types of transportation methods.

[0072] In a preferred example, the electrical equipment categories include one or more of cables, transformers, iron towers, and switchgear, and the types of the electrical equipment categories are determined with reference to the procurement classification standard of power grid enterprises.

[0073] In a preferred example, when the electrical equipment category is a cable, the cable is further divided according to the voltage level into:

[0074] Low-voltage cables with a voltage level of 1 kV or less;

[0075] Medium-voltage cables with a voltage level above 1 kV and up to 35 kV;

[0076] High-voltage cables with a voltage level above 35 kV.

[0077] This application also discloses a carbon emission accounting system for the supply chain of power grid enterprises, including:

[0078] A product carbon footprint calculation module for specific electrical equipment categories provided by specific suppliers, which is used to calculate the product carbon footprint E of specific electrical equipment categories provided by specific suppliers within the framework of life cycle assessment (LCA) with the "cradle-to-gate" as the accounting boundary. i,j , calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0079] E i，j = E 原材料获取 + E 产品生产 + E 产品运输 (1)

[0080] Wherein,

[0081] E 原材料获取 、E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 are respectively the carbon emissions in the raw material acquisition, product production, and product transportation stages;

[0082] The carbon emission E i calculation module for the annual specific electrical equipment category i, which is used to calculate the carbon emission E i,j of the annual specific electrical equipment category i based on the product carbon footprint E i,j of specific electrical equipment categories provided by specific suppliers, in combination with the procurement quantity data P i and the procurement unit conversion factor A i , calculated according to the following formula (9):

[0083] E i = ∑ j P i，j × A i × E i，j (9)

[0084] Wherein,

[0085] P i,j is the procurement quantity of the i-th type of electrical equipment products purchased by the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0086] A i is the conversion coefficient from the statistical unit of the procurement of the i-th type of electrical equipment products to the declaration unit;

[0087] The carbon emission E of the j-th supplier in a specific year j Calculation module, used to calculate the carbon emission E of the j-th supplier in a specific year according to the product carbon footprint E of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier i,j and the procurement data of specific categories in a year, according to the following formula (10): j :

[0088] E j = ∑ i P i，j × A i × E i，j (10)

[0089] The carbon emission E of the major category k of electrical equipment in a year k Summary module, used to summarize according to each category of electrical equipment k, and calculate the carbon emission E of the major category k of electrical equipment in a year according to the following formula (11): k :

[0090] E k = ∑ i E i (i ∈ k) (11)

[0091] The total carbon emission E of the power grid enterprise's annual supply chain calculation module, used to summarize the carbon emissions E of each major category of electrical equipment k to obtain the total carbon emission E of the power grid enterprise's annual supply chain, and calculate according to the following formula (12):

[0092] E 供应链 = ∑ k E k = ∑ j E j (12).

[0093] The carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise's supply chain proposed in this patent application have the following technical effects:

[0094] First, this application establishes a scientific and standardized hierarchical accounting system. By breaking down the carbon emissions of the supply chain into the supplier, category, product and other levels, and unifying the accounting boundaries and calculation formulas at each level, the accuracy and comparability of the accounting results are greatly improved. Compared with the traditional overall accounting method, hierarchical accounting can more finely depict the carbon emission status of each link in the supply chain, making it easier for companies to identify emission hotspots and formulate targeted emission reduction measures.

[0095] Secondly, this application realizes the integration and sharing of carbon emission data across suppliers and categories. By collecting, reviewing and summarizing the carbon footprint data of products submitted by each supplier, and establishing an enterprise-level carbon emission database, it can provide comprehensive and timely data support for supply chain carbon management. Based on this, enterprises can carry out management actions such as supplier carbon emission benchmarking, identifying key emission reduction categories, and evaluating the effectiveness of emission reduction measures, which will effectively promote carbon emission reduction in the supply chain.

[0096] Thirdly, this application provides a systematic solution for supply chain carbon management. Compared with carbon accounting, carbon management places higher demands on the digital capabilities of enterprises. This application integrates functions such as carbon accounting, carbon reporting, and carbon reduction strategy evaluation by developing a supply chain carbon emission management system to form a complete closed-loop management process. The system has functional modules such as data collection, calculation engine, and report output, with a high level of automation and low labor costs required for management.

[0097] Finally, this application has broad application prospects. More and more companies are facing pressure to reduce carbon emissions in the supply chain. However, one of the main obstacles currently hindering corporate action is the lack of mature and operational carbon accounting and management methods. This application is based on the characteristics of the power grid enterprise supply chain and proposes a practical technical route. At the same time, this application has a certain degree of versatility and can be used in other industries and enterprises after appropriate adjustments.

[0098] In summary, the power grid enterprise supply chain carbon emission accounting method and system provided by this patent application have remarkable effects in standardizing accounting, supporting management, and enabling emission reduction. It is of great value in achieving the low-carbon transformation of the power grid and even the entire national economy, and has good economic and social benefits.

[0099] The specification of this application records a large number of technical features, which are distributed in various technical solutions. If all possible combinations of technical features (i.e., technical solutions) of this application are to be listed, the specification will become overly long. To avoid this problem, each technical feature disclosed in the above-mentioned invention content of this application, each technical feature disclosed in the following embodiments and examples, and each technical feature disclosed in the drawings can be freely combined with each other to form various new technical solutions (all of these technical solutions are deemed to have been recorded in this specification), unless the combination of such technical features is technically infeasible. For example, in one example, features A+B+C are disclosed, and in another example, features A+B+D+E are disclosed. Features C and D are equivalent technical means that perform the same function, and only one of them can be used technically and it is impossible to use both at the same time. Feature E can be combined with feature C technically. Then, the solution of A+B+C+D should not be deemed to have been recorded due to technical infeasibility, while the solution of A+B+C+E should be deemed to have been recorded. Description of the Drawings

[0100] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the carbon emission accounting method for the power grid enterprise supply chain according to the first embodiment of this application.

[0101] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain according to the second embodiment of this application. Detailed Embodiments

[0102] In the following description, many technical details are provided to help the reader better understand this application. However, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical solutions claimed in this application can still be implemented.

[0103] Explanation of Some Concepts:

[0104] Supply chain carbon emissions: The sum of the carbon emissions from cradle to gate of various purchased goods and services such as purchased materials, components, and equipment at the enterprise supply chain end, which is an important part of the enterprise's Scope 3 carbon emissions.

[0105] Life cycle assessment (LCA): A systematic method for evaluating the environmental impact of a product throughout its life cycle, including the entire process from raw material acquisition, production and manufacturing, use to final disposal.

[0106] "Cradle to gate": In this application, cradle to gate includes the process range from raw material extraction to product transportation to the customer's gate.

[0107] Electrical equipment products: various types of equipment purchased and used by power grid companies, mainly including: cables (low-voltage, medium-voltage, and high-voltage cables); transformers; towers; switch cabinets and other power transmission and transformation equipment.

[0108] Carbon footprint: The sum of greenhouse gas emissions generated by a specific product at each stage of its life cycle, usually expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).

[0109] Declaration unit: The basic unit of measurement for product carbon footprint accounting. For example, cable products use 1 meter as the declaration unit.

[0110] Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 ): It is used to measure the greenhouse effect intensity of different greenhouse gases relative to carbon dioxide and calculate the impact over a 100-year time scale.

[0111] Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e): The climate impact of various greenhouse gases is converted into an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide as a unified unit of measurement.

[0112] The following is a brief description of some of the innovative features of this application:

[0113] In general, the inventors of this application have found through extensive and in-depth research that power grid companies face the following major problems in supply chain carbon emissions accounting:

[0114] First, the variety of suppliers is complex, and carbon emissions accounting is difficult. The supply chain of power grid companies involves multiple industries and levels, including power transmission and transformation equipment manufacturers, material suppliers, and logistics service providers. Among them, power transmission and transformation equipment can be further subdivided into products such as cables, transformers, towers, and switch cabinets. The sources of carbon emissions from different types of products vary greatly. Existing accounting methods are difficult to fully cover all emission sources.

[0115] Second, there is a lack of scientific hierarchical accounting methods. Existing carbon emission accounting methods mostly use overall statistics, and fail to conduct detailed classification and hierarchical accounting based on supplier categories and product characteristics. For example, the differences in carbon emissions between different types of cables (such as low-voltage, high-voltage, and medium-voltage cables) are not fully reflected. This lack of clear hierarchical accounting makes it difficult for power grid companies to accurately identify low-emission suppliers, thus affecting the optimization of overall carbon emissions in the supply chain.

[0116] Third, accounting standards are not unified. At present, the carbon accounting methods and boundary divisions used in various links of the supply chain vary greatly. Some companies make estimates based on the industry average emission factor, while some companies use the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, and the boundary divisions are also inconsistent. The inconsistency of accounting standards and methods makes the supply chain carbon emission accounting lack scientificity and comparability, affecting the effectiveness of the accounting results.

[0117] Fourth, there is a lack of systematic management tools and decision-making support. Although existing carbon emission accounting methods can provide basic emission data, they lack systematic analysis and management tools, making it difficult to provide effective decision-making support for power grid enterprises. Currently, the results of carbon emission accounting mostly remain at the reporting level and fail to be effectively connected with decision-making links such as the actual operation of the enterprise and supplier selection. This leads to the situation that when power grid enterprises select low-carbon suppliers, they often cannot conduct accurate comparative analysis, and the selected suppliers may not be the ones with the lowest emissions.

[0118] In response to the above problems, a carbon emission accounting method and system for the supply chain of power grid enterprises are proposed, and the overall technical concept is as follows:

[0119] This application adopts a hierarchical accounting system architecture, divides the accounting process of carbon emissions in the supply chain of power grid enterprises into four levels, and calculates and summarizes step by step in a bottom-up manner to achieve accurate carbon emission accounting and management.

[0120] At the first basic level, for specific electrical equipment products (such as cables, transformers, etc.) provided by specific suppliers, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to calculate the carbon footprint. The "cradle-to-gate" accounting boundary is uniformly adopted, and the entire life cycle of the product is divided into three main stages: raw material acquisition, product production, and product transportation. In the raw material link, the impact of the use of recycled materials is considered, and the "polluter pays principle" is adopted to handle waste emissions; in the production link, the energy consumption, auxiliary material use, and direct emissions are comprehensively accounted for; in the transportation link, the carbon emission characteristics of different transportation modes are considered.

[0121] At the second level, based on the product carbon footprint data obtained at the first level and combined with the actual procurement data, the carbon emissions of specific electrical equipment categories (such as medium-voltage cables, high-voltage cables, etc.) in a year and the carbon emissions of specific suppliers are calculated respectively. At this level, through the purchase volume and unit conversion coefficient, the carbon footprint data at the product level is converted into actual carbon emissions.

[0122] At the third level, the electrical equipment is classified and summarized according to large categories (such as power transmission and transformation equipment), and the total carbon emissions of each large category are calculated. This classification method matches the procurement management system of power grid enterprises and is convenient for practical application and management.

[0123] At the highest level, the carbon emissions of all large categories of electrical equipment are summed up to obtain the total carbon emissions of the entire supply chain of the power grid enterprise. The data at this level can be analyzed according to product categories or statistically according to the supplier dimension, providing multi-dimensional data support for enterprise management decision-making.

[0124] The accounting system of this application adopts a standardized calculation method and a unified data format, ensuring the consistency and traceability of data among different levels. At the same time, through refined classification accounting, it can accurately identify high-carbon emission links and key emission reduction opportunities in the supply chain, providing a scientific basis for power grid enterprises to formulate precise carbon reduction strategies.

[0125] This hierarchical accounting method not only ensures the accuracy of underlying data but also realizes the systematic management of overall carbon emissions, forming a complete supply chain carbon emission accounting and management system. Through this technical solution, power grid enterprises can better understand and manage supply chain carbon emissions, promoting the transformation of the supply chain towards a low-carbon direction.

[0126] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of this application clearer, the following will further describe the implementation manner of this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0127] The first implementation manner of this application relates to a method for accounting carbon emissions in the supply chain of power grid enterprises, as Figure 1 shown, including the following steps:

[0128] S1: Under the framework of life cycle assessment (LCA), with "cradle to gate" as the accounting boundary, account for the product carbon footprint E i,j of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier, calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0129] E i，j = E 原材料获取 + E 产品生产 + E 产品运输 (1)

[0130] Where,

[0131] E 原材料获取 、E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 are the carbon emissions in the raw material acquisition, product production, and product transportation stages respectively;

[0132] S2: Based on the product carbon footprint E i,j obtained in step S1, combined with the procurement quantity data P i,j and the procurement unit conversion coefficient A i , account for the carbon emissions E i of a specific category of electrical equipment i in a year, calculated according to the following formula (9):

[0133] E i = ∑ j P i，j × A i × E i，j (9)

[0134] Where,

[0135] P i,j is the procurement volume of the i-th type of electrical equipment products purchased by the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0136] A i is the conversion coefficient from the statistical unit to the declaration unit for the procurement of the i-th type of electrical equipment products;

[0137] S3: According to the product carbon footprint E i,j obtained in step S1 and the category procurement data in step S2, calculate the carbon emissions E j of the j-th supplier in a specific year, and calculate according to the following formula (10):

[0138] E j = ∑ i P i，j × A i × E i，j (10)

[0139] S4: According to the category carbon emissions E i obtained in step S2, summarize according to the major category k of electrical equipment, and calculate the carbon emissions E k of the major category k of electrical equipment in a specific year, and calculate according to the following formula (11):

[0140] E k = ∑ i E i (i ∈ k) (11)

[0141] S5: Summarize the carbon emissions E k of each major category of electrical equipment obtained in step S4 to obtain the total carbon emissions E

[0142] of the annual supply chain of the power grid enterprise, and calculate according to the following formula (12): 供应链 E k = ∑ k = ∑ j E j (12)

[0143] It should be noted that in S2 and S3 of this embodiment, a two-dimensional summary calculation framework is innovatively proposed. By using formula (9) and formula (10), carbon emissions are accounted and summarized from the product category dimension and the supplier dimension respectively, breaking through the limitation of the traditional method of only statistically from a single dimension. This two-dimensional accounting method enables carbon emission data to meet different management needs simultaneously - it can not only understand the carbon emission status of different types of products, but also evaluate the carbon emission performance of different suppliers.

[0144] Secondly, this method establishes a scientific data conversion mechanism. By introducing the procurement unit conversion coefficient A i, it solves the problem of the inconsistency between the actual procurement statistical unit and the carbon footprint accounting declaration unit. This conversion mechanism ensures the accuracy of data conversion and aggregation across different dimensions, providing a reliable data foundation for multi-dimensional analysis.

[0145] Thirdly, this method realizes refined carbon emission management. Through the combination of the procurement volume data P i,j and the product carbon footprint E i,j , it can accurately track the specific carbon emission contributions of each supplier for each type of product. This refined accounting method enables enterprises to accurately identify carbon emission hotspots and provides a basis for formulating targeted carbon reduction strategies.

[0146] Finally, this method has strong practical value. Through a unified calculation formula and a clear accounting process, the complex supply chain carbon emission accounting work becomes operable, traceable, and comparable. This not only improves the accounting efficiency but also provides a scientific basis for supply chain carbon emission management decisions.

[0147] This innovative two-dimensional accounting method effectively solves the technical problems in the carbon emission accounting of the power grid enterprise supply chain and has important practical significance for promoting the low-carbon transformation of the supply chain.

[0148] Optionally, the carbon emission E 原材料获取 in the raw material acquisition stage in step S1 is calculated according to the following formula (2):

[0149] E 原材料获取 = E 原材料生产 + E 原材料运输 (2)

[0150] Wherein,

[0151] E 原材料生产 is the carbon emission generated by the production of various raw materials consumed in the production of electrical equipment products;

[0152] E 原材料运输 is the carbon emission generated by the energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials;

[0153] And, E 原材料生产 is calculated according to the following formula (3):

[0154]

[0155] Wherein,

[0156] AD i is the consumption of the i-th raw material;

[0157] CF i is the carbon footprint factor of the i-th raw material;

[0158] R 1，i The proportion of recycled materials used for Class I materials in the product;

[0159] E PP，i The carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials to meet the quality requirements of virgin material i;

[0160] A i The distribution coefficient for the i-th type of recycled material.

[0161] It should be noted that the carbon emissions E 原材料获取 in the above material acquisition stage are realized in a creative way by integrating the carbon emission accounting of virgin materials and recycled materials. By introducing the proportion of recycled materials R 1，i and the pretreatment carbon emissions E PP，i and other parameters, a comprehensive calculation framework is established, which not only considers the direct carbon emissions of virgin materials, but also the additional carbon emissions generated during the pretreatment of recycled materials. This method breaks through the limitation of traditional accounting methods that only focus on virgin materials and more accurately reflects the actual environmental impact of material use.

[0162] Secondly, this method introduces an innovative allocation mechanism. By designing the distribution coefficient A i , the problem of carbon emission allocation of recycled materials in different application scenarios is solved. When the material is recycled in a closed loop, the distribution coefficient is 1; when it is completely downcycled, the distribution coefficient is 0. This flexible allocation mechanism makes the carbon emission accounting more fair and reasonable, avoiding the problems of double counting or omission.

[0163] Thirdly, this method realizes refined accounting in the transportation link. By independently calculating the carbon emissions (E 原材料运输 ) generated from the energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials, the whole-process carbon emissions of raw materials from the source to the production site are fully reflected. This refined accounting method improves the accuracy and integrity of the carbon footprint assessment of the supply chain.

[0164] Finally, this method has strong practicality and universality. Through standardized calculation formulas and clear parameter definitions, the complex carbon emission accounting of raw materials becomes executable and verifiable. This method is not only applicable to power grid enterprises, but also can be extended to the carbon emission accounting of supply chains in other industries.

[0165] This innovative accounting method provides a powerful tool for enterprises to achieve more accurate carbon emission management, and also provides important technical support for promoting the development of circular economy and the low-carbon transformation of the supply chain. By comprehensively considering the carbon emission characteristics of virgin materials and recycled materials, this method better supports the decision-making process of enterprises in material selection and supplier management, and promotes the implementation of sustainable development strategies.

[0166] Optionally, the carbon emission E in the raw material transportation link in step S1 原材料运输 is calculated according to the following formula (4):

[0167]

[0168] wherein,

[0169] E i生产 is the carbon emission generated by the production of the i-th fuel;

[0170] E i燃烧 is the carbon emission generated by the combustion of the i-th fuel;

[0171] E e is the carbon emission generated by using purchased electricity for raw material transportation;

[0172] And, E i燃烧 is calculated according to the following formula (5):

[0173]

[0174] wherein,

[0175] NCV i is the average net calorific value of the i-th fuel;

[0176] FC i is the net consumption of the i-th fuel;

[0177] CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fuel;

[0178] OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fuel

[0179] 44 / 12 is the ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide and carbon;

[0180] GWP 100 is the global warming potential.

[0181] Optionally, the carbon emission E in the product production stage in step S1 产品生产 is calculated according to the following formula (7):

[0182]

[0183] wherein,

[0184] E i生产 is the carbon emission generated by the consumption of the i-th non-electric energy or auxiliary materials such as packaging materials, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0185] E i燃烧$E_{i}$ is the carbon emissions generated by the combustion of the $i$-th fuel in the production process, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0186] $E$ e $E_{p}$ is the carbon emissions generated by the purchased electricity used in the product production process, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0187] $M$ j $M_{j}$ is the disposal amount of the $j$-th type of waste disposal method in the production stage, with the unit of kilograms (kg), kilowatt-hours (kWh) or cubic meters (m3);

[0188] $CF$ j $CF_{j}$ is the carbon emission factor of the $j$-th type of disposal method in the production stage, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (tCO2e / kg), kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (t CO2e / kWh) or kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter (t CO2e / m3);

[0189] $AD$ k $AD_{k}$ is the emission amount of the $k$-th type of greenhouse gas directly emitted in other cases except fuel combustion in the production process, with the unit of kilograms (kg);

[0190] $EF$ k $EF_{k}$ is the carbon emission coefficient of the $k$-th type of greenhouse gas, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (kg CO2e / kg);

[0191] $N$ is the number of types of non-electric energy and fuels; $M$ is the number of types of waste disposal methods.

[0192] It should be noted that the specific calculation method of the carbon emissions $E$ in the product production stage 产品生产 has significant innovation and technological breakthroughs, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0193] First of all, this method innovatively constructs a comprehensive emission source identification system. Through formula (7), a complete accounting framework covering various emission types is established, including non-electric energy consumption ($E$ i生产 ), fuel combustion ($E$ i燃烧 ), electricity use ($E$ e ), waste disposal ($M$ j ×$CF$ j ) and direct greenhouse gas emissions ($AD$ k ×$EF$ k ), etc. This comprehensive emission source identification method breaks through the limitations of traditional accounting methods that often ignore some emission sources, making the carbon emission accounting more complete and accurate.

[0194] Secondly, the method realizes the refined quantification of different types of emission sources. For each type of emission source, a corresponding dedicated calculation method and unit system are established. For example, for waste disposal, the carbon emission impacts under different disposal methods (such as different measurement units like kilograms, kilowatt-hours, cubic meters, etc.) are considered; for direct greenhouse gas emissions, different types of greenhouse gases are uniformly converted into carbon dioxide equivalent through emission factors. This refined quantification method greatly improves the accuracy of the accounting results.

[0195] Thirdly, the method establishes a scientific unit conversion system. By uniformly using carbon dioxide equivalent as the accounting unit and setting corresponding conversion factors for different types of emission sources, the problem of inconsistent measurement units for different emission sources is solved. This unified unit system enables the effective comparison and aggregation of the contributions of different emission sources.

[0196] Finally, the method has strong practicability and operability. By clearly defining the meaning and unit of each parameter and providing standardized calculation formulas, the carbon emission accounting for complex production processes becomes executable and verifiable. Especially by introducing the concepts of the number of types (N and M), the method can flexibly adapt to changes in the types of emission sources under different production scenarios.

[0197] This innovative accounting method provides a scientific and comprehensive carbon emission management tool for electrical equipment manufacturing enterprises. By refining the accounting methods for different emission sources, enterprises can more accurately identify the main carbon emission links, providing reliable data support for formulating targeted emission reduction strategies, and having important practical significance for promoting the low-carbon transformation of the industry.

[0198] Optionally, the carbon emission amount E 原材料运输 of the purchased electricity in the raw material transportation link e is calculated according to the following formula (6):

[0199] E e = AD e × CF e (6)

[0200] Wherein,

[0201] AD e is the electricity consumption of new energy vehicle models during the raw material transportation process, with the unit of kilowatt-hour (kWh);

[0202] CF e is the carbon emission factor of electricity, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kg CO2 / kWh).

[0203] Optionally, the carbon emission amount E 产品运输Calculated according to the following formula (8):

[0204]

[0205] Wherein,

[0206] M is the quality of the electrical equipment product corresponding to the unit declaration unit, with the unit of ton (t);

[0207] D i is the average transportation distance of the i-th transportation mode, with the unit of kilometer (km);

[0208] T i is the carbon emission factor under the i-th transportation mode, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton-kilometer (kgCO2e / t·km);

[0209] n is the number of types of transportation modes.

[0210] Optionally, the electrical equipment categories include one or more of cables, transformers, iron towers, and switch cabinets, and the types of the electrical equipment categories are determined with reference to the procurement classification standard of power grid enterprises.

[0211] Optionally, when the electrical equipment category is a cable, the cable is further divided according to the voltage level into:

[0212] Low-voltage cable, with a voltage level of 1 kV and below;

[0213] Medium-voltage cable, with a voltage level of above 1 kV to 35 kV;

[0214] High-voltage cable, with a voltage level of above 35 kV.

[0215] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, a specific example is given below for illustration. The details listed in this example are mainly for easy understanding and do not limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0216] This example presents a hierarchical carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise supply chain. Its innovation is mainly reflected in two dimensions: First, for the main source of Scope 3 carbon emissions in power grid enterprises, namely, externally purchased electrical equipment products, a hierarchical carbon emission accounting system based on the dual dimensions of suppliers and products is established. By finely differentiating the carbon emission characteristics of different suppliers and different types of electrical equipment products, this system significantly improves the granularity and accuracy of carbon emission accounting. Second, at the product level, a carbon footprint accounting method for electrical equipment that complies with the rules requirements of specific product categories is constructed based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, realizing the standardization and precise quantification of product carbon footprints. This innovative hierarchical accounting method not only solves the technical problems of the existing extensive and inaccurate carbon emission accounting methods in the power grid enterprise supply chain, but also provides accurate carbon emission data support for enterprises, enabling them to formulate more targeted carbon reduction strategies and achieve dynamic tracking and precise assessment of carbon reduction effects. This technological innovation is of great significance for improving the scientificity and effectiveness of Scope 3 carbon emission management in power grid enterprises.

[0217] More specifically, first, this example creatively constructs a hierarchical carbon emission accounting method. This method establishes a multi-level accounting system based on supplier attributes and product categories, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-dimensional accounting. Through the full-life cycle analysis of supplier carbon emission data within each level, the precise quantification of carbon emissions from different types of suppliers and products is achieved. This hierarchical accounting method significantly improves the granularity and accuracy of carbon emission data, providing a solid foundation for refined management.

[0218] Second, this example pioneeringly establishes a unified product carbon footprint accounting standard. Based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, this standard innovatively proposes a unified boundary division of "from cradle to gate", and designs differentiated accounting rules for different product categories, including specific allocation methods, cut-off criteria, and declaration units, etc. This accounting method combining standardization and differentiation not only ensures the comparability of carbon emission data from different suppliers, but also guarantees the accuracy of carbon footprint accounting for different categories of products.

[0219] Third, this example develops an intelligent carbon emission management system platform. This platform innovatively integrates an accounting standard library, an emission factor library, and a life cycle model, realizing the intelligent collection, dynamic analysis, and real-time monitoring of supply chain carbon emission data. Through a hierarchical data management mechanism and dynamic modeling function, the system can timely capture the carbon emission impacts brought about by changes in supply chain activities, providing accurate decision-making support for enterprises.

[0220] This technical system realizes the accurate quantification, dynamic monitoring and scientific management of the carbon emissions in the power grid enterprise's supply chain through the innovation of accounting methods, the unification of standards and the intelligence of the system, providing strong technical support for the enterprise to formulate effective carbon reduction strategies and evaluate the carbon reduction effects. The innovation and practicality of this technical system have important demonstration significance for promoting the low-carbon transformation of power grid enterprises and even the entire energy industry.

[0221] Furthermore, this example provides a hierarchical carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise's supply chain, which can be divided into multiple levels.

[0222] The first level is the calculation of the carbon footprint of specific product categories provided by specific suppliers (for example, under the category of cables, it can be further divided into low-voltage, high-voltage, medium-voltage cable products, etc.):

[0223] S100 accounts for the carbon footprint of specific categories of electrical equipment products provided by specific suppliers

[0224] First, set a unified accounting boundary (from cradle to gate, including downstream transportation) and stage division (divided into raw material acquisition, product production, product transportation / delivery stages) under the LCA framework, and determine the carbon emission accounting methods for using secondary materials and generating recyclable materials (assuming the load of the recycling process and enjoying the carbon credits generated from the production of substitute virgin materials due to material recycling). For the end-of-life disposal service, the "polluter pays principle" is adopted, that is, the carbon emissions of the end-of-life disposal process corresponding to all waste that requires end-of-life disposal generated should be included in the product system. Then, screen and determine the methodological standards for calculating the carbon footprint of this category of products, determine the declared unit of this category of products from the standards (for example, the declared unit of cable products is 1m cable product), and then establish a complete carbon footprint accounting method for specific categories of electrical equipment products provided by specific suppliers.

[0225] E i , j =E 原材料获取 +E 产品生产 +E 产品运输 public

[0226] Equation (1)

[0227] In the formula:

[0228] E i,j —— The carbon footprint of the i-type electrical equipment product provided by the j-th supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per declared unit (kgCO2e / declared unit);

[0229] E 原材料获取 —— The total carbon emissions generated during the raw material acquisition link, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per declared unit (kgCO2e / declared unit);

[0230] E产品生产 —— Total carbon emissions generated during the product production process, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per declared unit (kgCO2e / declared unit);

[0231] E 产品运输 —— Total carbon emissions generated during the product transportation process, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per declared unit (kgCO2e / declared unit);

[0232] E 原材料获取 =E 原材料生产 +E 原材料运输 Formula (2)

[0233] E 原材料获取 —— Total carbon emissions generated during the raw material acquisition stage of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0234] E 原材料生产 —— Total carbon emissions generated during the production of various raw materials (main materials) consumed in the production of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0235] E 原材料运输 —— Total carbon emissions generated from energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2e);

[0236]

[0237] Where:

[0238] E 原材料生产 —— Total carbon emissions generated during the production of various raw materials (main materials) required for electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0239] AD i —— Consumption of the i-th raw material, kg;

[0240] N—— Number of types of raw materials;

[0241] CF i —— Carbon footprint factor of the i-th raw material, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (kgCO2e / kg). This parameter should be consistent with the system boundary of the functional unit / declared unit;

[0242] R 1，i —— Proportion of recycled materials used for the i-th type of material in the product, %;

[0243] E PP，i —— Carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials to meet the quality requirements of the primary material i, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0244] A i —— Distribution coefficient of the i-th recycled material (1 for closed-loop recycling and 0 for complete downcycling recycling);

[0245]

[0246] In the formula:

[0247] E 原材料运输 —— Total carbon emissions generated from energy consumption during the transportation of various raw materials (raw materials and auxiliary materials) of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0248] —— Carbon emissions generated from the production of the i-th fuel, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0249] —— Carbon emissions generated from the combustion of the i-th fuel, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0250] E e —— Carbon emissions generated from the use of purchased electricity during the transportation of raw materials, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0251] N—— Number of fuel types;

[0252] The formula for calculating the carbon dioxide emissions generated from the combustion of the i-th fuel is as follows:

[0253]

[0254] In the formula:

[0255] NCV i —— Average net calorific value of the i-th fuel. For solid or liquid fuels, the unit is gigajoules per ton (GJ / t); for gaseous fuels, the unit is gigajoules per ten thousand cubic meters (GJ / 10,000 Nm3);

[0256] FC i —— Net consumption of the i-th fuel. For solid or liquid fuels, the unit is ton (t); for gaseous fuels, the unit is ten thousand cubic meters (10,000 Nm3);

[0257] CC i —— Carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fuel, in tons of carbon per gigajoule (tC / GJ);

[0258] OF i —— Carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fuel, in %;

[0259] —— The ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon, used to convert the mass of carbon to the mass of carbon dioxide;

[0260] GWP 100 —— Global warming potential, with different coefficients for different types of greenhouse gases.

[0261] The formula for calculating the carbon dioxide emissions generated during the transportation of raw materials using purchased electricity is as follows:

[0262]

[0263] In the formula:

[0264] AD e —— The electricity consumption of new energy vehicle models during the transportation of raw materials, in kilowatt-hours (kWh);

[0265] CF e —— The carbon emission factor of electricity, in kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kgCO2 / kWh);

[0266]

[0267] In the formula:

[0268] E 产品生产 —— The total carbon emissions generated during the production stage of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0269] E i生产 —— The carbon emissions generated by the consumption of the i-th non-electric energy or auxiliary materials such as packaging materials, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0270] E i燃烧 —— The carbon emissions generated by the combustion of the i-th type of fuel during the production process of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e), see formula (5) for details;

[0271] E e —— The carbon emissions generated by using purchased electricity during the production process of products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e), see formula (6) for details;

[0272] M j —— The disposal volume of the j-th type of waste disposal method for the waste generated during the production stage, in kilograms or kWh or m3;

[0273] CF j——Carbon emission factor of the jth type of disposal method generated during the production stage, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (tCO2e / kg) or kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (tCO2e / kWh) or kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter (tCO2e / m 3 )

[0274] M——Number of types of materials for end-of-pipe treatment

[0275] AD k ——Emissions of direct greenhouse gas k generated during production other than fuel combustion, kg

[0276] EF k ——Carbon emission coefficient of greenhouse gas k, kg CO2e / kg

[0277]

[0278] In the formula:

[0279] E 产品运输 ——Total carbon emissions from product transportation, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e)

[0280] M——Mass of electrical equipment products corresponding to the declared unit, in tons (t)

[0281] D i ——Average transportation distance of the ith transportation method, in kilometers (km)

[0282] T i ——Carbon emission factor under the ith transportation method, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton-kilometer (kgCO2e / t km)

[0283] The second level is the annual carbon emission accounting for specific electrical equipment product categories and the annual carbon emission accounting for specific suppliers:

[0284] S200 Accounting for annual carbon emissions of specific electrical equipment product categories

[0285] Based on the carbon footprint values of specific electrical equipment products provided by specific suppliers and combined with procurement data, establish a calculation method for the carbon emissions of specific electrical equipment categories on an annual basis, as follows:

[0286] E i =∑ j P i，j ×A i ×E i，j Formula (9)

[0287] E i—— Carbon emissions of the i-th type of electrical equipment product, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0288] P i,j —— The procurement quantity of the i-th type of electrical equipment product purchased from the j-th supplier in a specific year, a statistic, and the unit can be rolls, pieces, tons, meters, etc.;

[0289] A i —— Conversion factor from the statistical unit of procurement of the i-th type of electrical equipment product to the declared unit;

[0290] E i,j —— Carbon footprint of the i-th type of electrical equipment product provided by the j-th supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per declared unit (kgCO2e / declared unit);

[0291] Carbon emission accounting for a specific supplier in the S300 accounting year

[0292] Based on the carbon footprint values of specific categories of electrical equipment products provided by specific suppliers and combined with procurement data, a calculation method for the carbon emissions of a specific supplier in a year is established as follows:

[0293] E j =∑ i P i，j ×A i ×E i，j Formula (10)

[0294] Ej —— Carbon emissions brought by the j-th supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0295] P i,j —— The procurement quantity of the i-th type of electrical equipment product purchased from the j-th supplier in a specific year, a statistic, and the unit can be rolls, pieces, tons, meters, etc.;

[0296] A i —— Conversion factor from the statistical unit of procurement of the i-th type of electrical equipment product to the declared unit;

[0297] E i,j —— Carbon footprint of the i-th type of electrical equipment product provided by the j-th supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per declared unit (kgCO2e / declared unit)

[0298] The third level is the carbon emission accounting for a specific major category of electrical equipment in a year (for example, power transmission and transformation equipment manufacturers can be further divided into cables, transformers, iron towers, switchgear, etc.):

[0299] S400 Carbon emission accounting for a specific major category of electrical products in the accounting year

[0300] E k =∑i E i Formula (11)

[0301] E k —— Carbon emissions of the k-th major category of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0302] E i —— Carbon emissions of the i-th sub-category of electrical equipment products under the k-th major category of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0303] The fourth level is the total carbon emission accounting of the power grid enterprise's supply chain:

[0304] E 供应链 = ∑ k E k = ∑ j E j Formula (12)

[0305] E 供应链 —— Annual carbon emissions of the power grid enterprise's supply chain, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0306] E k —— Carbon emissions of the k-th major category of electrical equipment products, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0307] E j —— Carbon emissions brought by the j-th supplier, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0308] Technical effects:

[0309] The carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise's supply chain proposed in the above-mentioned patent embodiments have the following technical effects:

[0310] First of all, the above-mentioned embodiments establish a set of scientific and standardized hierarchical accounting systems. By refining the supply chain carbon emissions to levels such as suppliers, categories, and products in sequence, and uniformly stipulating the accounting boundaries, calculation formulas, etc. at each level, the accuracy and comparability of the accounting results are greatly improved. Compared with the traditional overall accounting method, hierarchical accounting can more precisely depict the carbon emission status of each link in the supply chain, facilitating enterprises to identify emission hotspots and formulate targeted emission reduction measures.

[0311] Secondly, the above embodiments achieve the integration and sharing of carbon emission data across suppliers and categories. By collecting, reviewing, and summarizing the product carbon footprint data reported by each supplier, an enterprise-level carbon emission database is established, which can provide comprehensive and timely data support for supply chain carbon management. Based on this, enterprises can carry out management actions such as supplier carbon emission benchmarking, identifying key emission reduction categories, and evaluating the effectiveness of emission reduction measures, effectively promoting supply chain carbon emission reduction.

[0312] Thirdly, the above embodiments provide a systematic solution for supply chain carbon management. Compared with carbon accounting, carbon management places higher requirements on the digital capabilities of enterprises. The above embodiments integrate functions such as carbon accounting, carbon reporting, and carbon reduction strategy evaluation by developing a supply chain carbon emission management system, forming a complete closed-loop management process. The system has functional modules such as data collection, calculation engine, and report output, with a high level of automation and low labor costs required for management.

[0313] Finally, the above embodiments have broad application prospects. More and more enterprises are facing the pressure of supply chain carbon reduction. However, one of the main obstacles hindering enterprise actions is the lack of mature and operable carbon accounting and management methods. The above embodiments are based on the characteristics of the power grid enterprise supply chain and propose a practical technical route. At the same time, the above embodiments have a certain degree of generality and can also be used for enterprises in other industries after appropriate adjustment.

[0314] In summary, the carbon emission accounting method and system for the power grid enterprise supply chain provided by the above embodiments of the patent are remarkable in terms of standardizing accounting, supporting management, and enabling emission reduction, and have important value for realizing the low-carbon transformation of the power grid and even the entire national economy, with good economic and social benefits.

[0315] The second embodiment of the present application relates to a carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain, and its structure is as Figure 2 shown. The carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain includes:

[0316] A product carbon footprint calculation module for specific electrical equipment categories provided by specific suppliers, which is used to calculate the product carbon footprint E of specific electrical equipment categories provided by specific suppliers under the framework of life cycle assessment LCA, with the accounting boundary of "cradle to gate", i,j and is calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0317] E i，j =E 原材料获取 +E 产品生产 +E 产品运输 (1)

[0318] Wherein,

[0319] E 原材料获取 、E产品生产 and E 产品运输 are the carbon emissions in the raw material acquisition, product production, and product transportation stages, respectively;

[0320] The carbon emission calculation module Ei for a specific category i of electrical equipment in a year is used to calculate the carbon emission Ei of a specific category i of electrical equipment based on the product carbon footprint E provided by a specific supplier i,j , combined with the purchase volume data P i,j and the purchase unit conversion factor Ai, and calculate the carbon emission Ei of a specific category i of electrical equipment in a year according to the following formula (9):

[0321] E i = ∑ j P i，j × A i × E i，j (9)

[0322] where

[0323] P i,j is the purchase volume of the i-th type of electrical equipment product purchased from the j-th supplier in a specific year;

[0324] Ai is the conversion factor from the statistical unit to the declared unit for the purchase of the i-th type of electrical equipment product;

[0325] The carbon emission E of the j-th supplier in a specific year j Calculation module, used to calculate the carbon emission E of the j-th supplier in a specific year according to the product carbon footprint E of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier i,j and the annual purchase data of a specific category, and calculate the carbon emission E of the j-th supplier in a specific year according to the following formula (10): j :

[0326] E j = ∑ i P i，j × A i × E i，j (10)

[0327] The carbon emission E of a specific major category k of electrical equipment in a year k Aggregation module, used to aggregate according to each major category k of electrical equipment, and calculate the carbon emission E of a specific major category k of electrical equipment in a year according to the following formula (11): k :

[0328] E k = ∑ i E i (i ∈ k) (11)

[0329] The calculation module for the total carbon emission E of the power grid enterprise's annual supply chain is used to calculate the carbon emissions E of each major category of electrical equipment kSummarize to obtain the total carbon emissions E_supply chain of the power grid enterprise's annual supply chain, which is calculated according to the following formula (12):

[0330] E 供应链 = ∑ k E k = ∑ j E j (12).

[0331] The first implementation manner is the method implementation manner corresponding to this implementation manner. The technical details in the first implementation manner can be applied to this implementation manner, and the technical details in this implementation manner can also be applied to the first implementation manner.

[0332] It should be noted that those skilled in the art should understand that the implementation functions of each module shown in the above implementation manner of the power grid enterprise's supply chain carbon emission accounting system can be understood with reference to the relevant descriptions of the foregoing power grid enterprise's supply chain carbon emission accounting method. The functions of each module shown in the above implementation manner of the power grid enterprise's supply chain carbon emission accounting system can be implemented by a program (executable instruction) running on a processor or by specific logic circuits. If the above power grid enterprise's supply chain carbon emission accounting system in the embodiments of the present application is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. And the foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read Only Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes. In this way, the embodiments of the present application are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0333] Correspondingly, the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the method embodiments of the present application are implemented.

[0334] In addition, an embodiment of the present application also provides a carbon emission accounting system for the power grid enterprise supply chain, which includes a memory for storing computer-executable instructions, and a processor; the processor is configured to implement the steps in the above method embodiments when executing the computer-executable instructions in the memory. Among them, the processor may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, abbreviated as "CPU"), or may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, abbreviated as "DSP"), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, abbreviated as "ASIC"), etc. The aforementioned memory may be a read-only memory (read-only memory, abbreviated as "ROM"), a random access memory (random access memory, abbreviated as "RAM"), a flash memory (Flash), a hard disk, or a solid state drive, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0335] It should be noted that in the application documents of the present application, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising one" does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In the application documents of the present application, if it is mentioned that an act is performed according to a certain element, it means that the act is performed at least according to the element, including two cases: performing the act only according to the element, and performing the act according to the element and other elements. Expressions such as multiple, multiple times, multiple types, etc. include 2, 2 times, 2 types, and more than 2, more than 2 times, more than 2 types.

[0336] All documents mentioned in the present application are considered to be integrally included in the disclosure content of the present application so as to be used as a basis for modification if necessary. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the above disclosure content of the present application, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope claimed by the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon emission accounting method for the supply chain of power grid enterprises, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: Under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework, with the "cradle-to-gate" as the accounting boundary, calculate the product carbon footprint E of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier according to the following formula (1): i,j , which is calculated according to the following formula (1): E i，j = E 原材料获取 + E 产品生产 + E 产品运输 (1) Among them, E 原材料获取 , E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 are the carbon emissions in the raw material acquisition, product production, and product transportation stages, respectively; S2: Based on the product carbon footprint E obtained in step S1 i,j , combined with the procurement quantity data P i,j and the procurement unit conversion factor Ai, calculate the carbon emissions Ei of the specific electrical equipment category i in a year, calculated according to the following formula (9): E i = ∑ j P i，j × A i × E i，j (9) Among them, P i,j is the procurement volume of the i-th type of electrical equipment products purchased by the j-th supplier in a specific year; A i The conversion coefficient from the statistical unit to the declaration unit for the procurement of the i-th type of electrical equipment products; S3: Based on the product carbon footprint E obtained in step S1 i,j and the category procurement data in step S2, calculate the carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year j , which is calculated according to the following formula (10): E j = ∑ i P i，j × A i × E i，j (10) S4: Summarize the category carbon emissions Ei obtained in step S2 by the major electrical equipment category k, and calculate the carbon emissions E of the specific major electrical equipment category k in a year k , which is calculated according to the following formula (11): E k = ∑ i E i (i ∈ k) (11) S5: Aggregate the carbon emissions \(E\) of each major category of electrical equipment obtained in step S4 k to obtain the total annual supply chain carbon emissions \(E_{supply chain}\) of the power grid enterprise, which is calculated according to the following formula (12): E 供应链 = ∑ k E k = ∑ j E j (12).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission E in the raw material acquisition stage in step S1 原材料获取 is calculated according to the following formula (2): E 原材料获取 = E 原材料生产 + E 原材料运输 (2) Among them, E 原材料生产 Carbon emissions generated from the production of various raw materials consumed in the production of electrical equipment products; E 原材料运输 is the carbon emission generated by energy consumption during the transportation of raw materials; And, E 原材料生产 is calculated according to the following formula (3): Among them, AD i is the consumption of the i-th raw material; CF i is the carbon footprint factor of the i-th raw material; R 1，i The proportion of recycled materials used for Class I materials in the product; E PP，i Carbon emissions generated from the pretreatment of recycled materials to meet the quality requirements of virgin material i; A i is the distribution coefficient of the i-th recycled material.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The carbon emissions E in the raw material transportation link in step S1 原材料运输 are calculated according to the following formula (4): Among them, E i生产 is the carbon emission generated from the production of the i-th fuel; E i燃烧 is the carbon emission generated by the combustion of the i-th fuel; E e The carbon emissions generated for purchasing electricity for the raw material transportation process; And, E i燃烧 is calculated according to the following formula (5): Among them, NCV i is the average net calorific value of the i-th fuel; FC i is the net consumption of the i-th fuel; CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fuel; OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fuel 44 / 12 is the ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon; GWP 100 It is the global warming potential.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The carbon emissions E during the product production stage in step S1 产品生产 are calculated according to the following formula (7): Among them, E i生产 is the carbon emission generated from the consumption of the i-th non-electric energy or auxiliary materials such as packaging materials, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e); E i燃烧 is the carbon emission generated by the combustion of the i-th fuel in the production process, with the unit of kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e); E e Carbon emissions generated from purchasing electricity for use in the product manufacturing process, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e); M j The disposal amount of the j-th disposal method for the waste generated in the production stage, in kilograms (kg), kilowatt-hours (kWh), or cubic meters (m3). CF j It is the carbon emission factor for the j-th type of disposal method in the production stage, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (tCO2e / kg), kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (t CO2e / kWh), or kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter (t CO2e / m3); AD k It is the emission amount of the k-th greenhouse gas directly emitted under other circumstances except fuel combustion during the production process, with the unit of kilogram (kg); EF k is the carbon emission factor of the k-th greenhouse gas, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram (kg CO2e / kg); N is the number of types of non-electric energy and fuels; M is the number of types of waste disposal methods.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein The carbon emission E in the raw material transportation link 原材料运输 The carbon emission E generated by purchased electricity e Is calculated according to the following formula (6): E e = AD e × CF e (6) Among them, AD e It is the electricity consumption of new energy vehicle models during the raw material transportation process, with the unit of kilowatt-hour (kWh); CF e is the carbon emission factor of electricity, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour (kg CO2 / kWh).

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emissions E during the product transportation stage in step S1 产品运输 are calculated according to the following formula (8): Among them, M is the quality of the electrical equipment product corresponding to the unit declaration unit, in tons (t); D i is the average transportation distance of the i-th transportation mode, with the unit of kilometer (km); T i is the carbon emission factor under the i-th transportation mode, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton-kilometer (kg CO2e / t·km); n is the number of types of transportation methods.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The electrical equipment categories include one or more of cables, transformers, iron towers, and switchgear, and the types of the electrical equipment categories are determined with reference to the procurement classification standard of power grid enterprises.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein When the electrical equipment category is a cable, the cable is further divided according to the voltage level into: Low-voltage cable, with a voltage level of 1 kV and below; Medium-voltage cable, with a voltage level above 1 kV to 35 kV; High-voltage cable, with a voltage level above 35 kV.

9. A carbon emission accounting system for the supply chain of power grid enterprises, characterized in that, Including: A product carbon footprint calculation module for a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier, which is used to calculate the product carbon footprint E of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier with the "cradle-to-gate" as the accounting boundary under the framework of life cycle assessment (LCA). i,j , which is calculated according to the following formula (1): E i，j = E 原材料获取 + E 产品生产 + E 产品运输 (1) Among them, E 原材料获取 、E 产品生产 and E 产品运输 are the carbon emissions in the raw material acquisition, product production, and product transportation stages, respectively; Annual carbon emissions E of specific electrical equipment category i i A calculation module for calculating the annual carbon emissions E of specific electrical equipment category i based on the product carbon footprint E of specific electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier i,j , combined with the procurement quantity data P i,j and the procurement unit conversion factor A i , and calculate the annual carbon emissions E of specific electrical equipment category i i , calculated according to the following formula (9): E i = ∑ j P i，j × A i × E i，j (9) Among them, P i,j is the procurement quantity of the i-th type of electrical equipment products purchased by the j-th supplier in a specific year; A i The conversion factor from the statistical unit to the declaration unit for the procurement of electrical equipment products of the i-th category; Carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year j A calculation module for calculating the product carbon footprint E of a specific category of electrical equipment provided by a specific supplier i,j And the annual procurement data of a specific category, calculate the carbon emissions E of the j-th supplier in a specific year according to the following formula (10) j : E j = ∑ i P i，j × A i × E i，j (10) Annual carbon emissions E of the specific large category k of electrical equipment k A summary module for summarizing according to each category k of electrical equipment and calculating the annual carbon emissions E of the specific large category k of electrical equipment according to the following formula (11) k :[[]]END]] E k = ∑ i E i (where i ∈ k) (11) The annual total carbon emissions E of the supply chain of the power grid enterprise, and the calculation module for the carbon emissions of each major category of electrical equipment E k are summarized to obtain the annual total carbon emissions E of the supply chain of the power grid enterprise, which is calculated according to the following formula (12): E 供应链 = ∑ k E k = ∑ j E j (12).

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