Method for operating device in wireless communication system and device using same

Abstract

A method of operating a device in a wireless communication system and a device using the same are provided. The method may be performed by an NCR including an NCR-MT and an NCR-Fwd. The NCR-MT performs a measurement, and the NCR-MT transmits feedback information based on a result of the measurement to the base station. The feedback information includes interference information on a pair of a downlink reception beam in a control link through which the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station and a downlink transmission beam in an access link through which the NCR-Fwd transmits a signal to the terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for operating a device in a wireless communication system and a device using the method. Background Art

[0002] As more and more communication devices require higher communication capacity, advanced mobile broadband communication is needed compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs). Massive machine type communication (MTC), which provides various services anytime and anywhere by connecting multiple devices and multiple objects, is also a major issue to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, the design of a communication system that considers services or user equipment (UE) sensitive to reliability and latency is being discussed. The introduction of a next-generation RAT that considers enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) is being discussed. In the present disclosure, for convenience of description, such a technology may be referred to as a new RAT or new radio (NR).

[0003] In addition, a repeater (also referred to as a relay) may be introduced into the NR. The repeater is a network control repeater (NCR). The NCR may include an NCR-MT (mobile terminal) and an NCR-Fwd (forward). The NCR-MT may perform functions of communicating with a base station and controlling the NCR-Fwd. The NCR-Fwd performs a signal forwarding function. That is, a signal received from the base station may be sent to the UE, or a signal received from the UE may be sent to the base station.

[0004] The NCR may perform a downlink reception operation through a control link between the base station and the NCR-MT and a backhaul link between the base station and the NCR-Fwd, and at the same time perform a downlink transmission operation through an access link between the NCR-Fwd and the UE. In this case, the downlink signal transmitted through the access link may interfere with the downlink reception through the control link and the backhaul link. Then, the downlink reception performance in the control link of the NCR-MT may be degraded. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical Problem

[0006] A technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a method for operating a device in a wireless communication system and a device using the method.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] A method for operating a network control repeater (NCR) in a wireless communication system and a device using the method are provided. The NCR includes an NCR-mobile terminal (MT) and an NCR-forwarder (Fwd). The method includes: performing measurements by the NCR-MT, and transmitting feedback information based on the measurement results from the NCR-MT to a base station. In this case, the feedback information includes interference information for pairs of a downlink reception (DL Rx) beam in a control link (C-link) and a downlink transmission (DL Tx) beam in an access link. The NCR-MT receives control information from the base station through the control link, and the NCR-Fwd transmits signals to a user equipment (UE) through the access link.

[0009] Advantageous Effects

[0010] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to control a downlink transmission beam of an access link that has a significant interference effect on the NCR-MT without using it.

[0011] Specifically, the network can prevent a degradation in downlink reception performance in the control link of the NCR-MT by adjusting the downlink reception beam direction of the control link and the downlink transmission beam direction of the access link. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 Illustrates a system architecture of a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) applying NR.

[0013] Figure 2 Is a diagram showing a radio protocol architecture for a user plane.

[0014] Figure 3 Is a diagram showing a radio protocol architecture for a control plane.

[0015] Figure 4 Illustrates a functional division between the NG-RAN and the 5GC.

[0016] Figure 5 Illustrates an example of a frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0017] Figure 6 Illustrates a time slot structure of an NR frame.

[0018] Figure 7 Illustrates a CORESET.

[0019] Figure 8 Illustrates an example of a frame structure for a new radio access technology.

[0020] Figure 9 Illustrates a structure of a self-contained time slot.

[0021] Figure 10 Illustrates a physical channel and general signal transmission.

[0022] Figure 11 Illustrates a transport network architecture for 5G.

[0023] Figure 12 Shows an example of the topology where NCR performs transceiver operations between a base station and a UE.

[0024] Figure 13 Is a diagram comparing the operations of NCR and an existing RF repeater.

[0025] Figure 14 Illustrates the structure of NCR.

[0026] Figure 15 Shows an example of the access link transmission signal interference control link and the backhaul link of NCR.

[0027] Figure 16 Illustrates a method of operating a Network Control Repeater (NCR) in a wireless communication system, where the NCR includes NCR-MT (Mobile Terminal) and NCR-Fwd (Forward).

[0028] Figure 17 Is an application Figure 16 of the method.

[0029] Figure 18 Illustrates when applying Figure 16 the method, the signaling between the base station and the UE and the operation of the base station.

[0030] Figure 19 Illustrates a wireless device applicable to this specification.

[0031] Figure 20 Illustrates an example of the structure of a signal processing module.

[0032] Figure 21 Illustrates another example of the structure of a signal processing module in a transmitting device.

[0033] Figure 22 Illustrates an example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 23 Illustrates another example of a wireless device.

[0035] Figure 24 Illustrates another example of a wireless device applicable to this specification.

[0036] Figure 25 Illustrates a communication system 1 applicable to this specification. Detailed implementation

[0037] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this specification, "A, B, or C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0038] The slashes ( / ) or commas used in this specification may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0039] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0040] Furthermore, in this specification, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C". Additionally, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0041] Moreover, the parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", this may mean presenting "PDCCH" as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be presented as an example of "control information". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean presenting "PDCCH" as an example of "control information".

[0042] The technical features separately described in one drawing in this specification can be implemented either separately or simultaneously.

[0043] The wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied may also be referred to as, for example, an evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0044] The E-UTRAN includes base stations (BSs) that provide a control plane and a user plane to user equipment (UE). The UE can be fixed or mobile and can be referred to by another term such as mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), subscriber station (SS), mobile terminal / terminal (MT), wireless device, terminal, etc. The BS is typically a fixed station that communicates with the UE and can be referred to by another term such as evolved Node B (eNB), base transceiver system (BTS), access point, etc.

[0045] The BSs are interconnected via the X2 interface. The BSs are also connected to the evolved packet core (EPC) via the S1 interface, more specifically, connected to the mobility management entity (MME) via S1-MME and connected to the serving gateway (S-GW) via S1-U.

[0046] The EPC includes the MME, S-GW, and packet data network gateway (P-GW). The MME has access information of the UE or capability information of the UE, and this information is typically used for mobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as an endpoint. The P-GW is a gateway with the PDN as an endpoint.

[0047] As more and more communication devices require more communication capacity, mobile broadband communication that is improved compared to existing radio access technologies is needed. In addition, massive machine type communication (MTC) that provides various services by connecting many devices and objects is one of the main issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, the design of a communication system that considers reliability / latency-sensitive services / UEs is being discussed. The introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) has been discussed. In the present disclosure, for convenience, this new technology can be referred to as a new radio access technology (new RAT or NR).

[0048] Figure 1 The system architecture of a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) that applies NR is illustrated.

[0049] Referring Figure 1 , the NG-RAN may include base stations (e.g., gNB and / or eNB) that provide protocol termination of the user plane and the control plane to the UE. Figure 1 The case where only gNBs are included is illustrated. The gNBs (eNBs) are connected to each other via the Xn interface. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G core network (5GC) via the NG interface. More specifically, the gNBs and eNBs are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface and connected to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0050] On the other hand, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be divided into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the well-known Open System Interconnection (OSI) model in a communication system. Among them, the physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service using physical channels, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer is used to control the radio resources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS.

[0051] Figure 2 is a diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission. The control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

[0052] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the PHY layer provides an information transfer service to the upper layer through physical channels. The PHY layer is connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer of the PHY layer, through a transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified according to how data is transferred through the radio interface and the characteristics of the data.

[0053] Data moves between different PHY layers (i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver) through physical channels. The physical channels can be modulated according to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and use time and frequency as radio resources.

[0054] The functions of the MAC layer include the mapping between logical channels and transport channels and the multiplexing and demultiplexing into transport blocks provided on the transport channel for the MAC service data unit (SDU) belonging to the logical channel through the physical channel. The MAC layer provides services to the radio link control (RLC) layer through logical channels.

[0055] The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs. To ensure various types of quality of service (QoS) required for radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three types of operation modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0056] The RRC layer is only defined on the control plane. The RRC layer is associated with the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers and is responsible for the control of logical channels, transport channels, and PHY channels. An RB represents the logical path provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, and PDCP layer) for transmitting data between the UE and the network.

[0057] The functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on the user plane include the transmission of user data, as well as header compression and encryption. The functions of the PDCP layer on the user plane also include the transmission and encryption / integrity protection of control plane data.

[0058] The configuration of an RB means the process of defining the characteristics of radio protocol layers and channels to provide specific services and configuring various detailed parameters and operation methods. RBs can be classified into two types: signaling RBs (SRBs) and data RBs (DRBs). SRBs are used as the channels through which RRC messages are sent on the control plane, and DRBs are used as the channels through which user data is sent on the user plane.

[0059] If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state. Otherwise, the UE is in the RRC idle state.

[0060] The downlink transmission channels for sending data from the network to the UE include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) for sending system information and the Downlink Shared Channel (SCH) for sending user services or control messages. The services or control messages of downlink multicast or broadcast services can be sent through the downlink SCH or through an additional Downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). In addition, the uplink transmission channels for sending data from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) for sending initial control messages and the Uplink Shared Channel (SCH) for sending user services or control messages.

[0061] The logical channels located above the transport channels and mapped to the transport channels include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0062] The physical channel includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A subframe includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resource allocation unit, including multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. Additionally, each subframe can use specific subcarriers of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of the corresponding subframe for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), i.e., the L1 / L2 control channel. The transmission time interval (TTI) is the unit time for subframe transmission.

[0063] Figure 4 Illustrates the functional division between the NG-RAN and the 5GC.

[0064] Refer to Figure 4 , the gNB can provide functions such as inter-cell radio resource management (inter-cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control, radio access control, measurement configuration and regulation, dynamic resource allocation, etc. The AMF can provide functions such as NAS security, idle state mobility handling, etc. The UPF can provide functions such as mobility anchoring, PDU processing, etc. The SMF can provide functions such as UE IP address assignment, PDU session control, etc.

[0065] Figure 5 Illustrates an example of the frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0066] Refer to Figure 5 , the radio frame (which can be referred to as the frame hereinafter) can be used for uplink and downlink transmissions in NR. The frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5-ms half-frames (HF). The half-frame can be defined as five 1-ms subframes (SF). The subframe can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots in the subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP). When using the normal CP (which can also be referred to as the general CP or common CP), each time slot includes 14 symbols. When using the extended CP, each time slot includes 12 symbols. Here, the symbol can include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0067] Table 1 below illustrates the subcarrier spacing configuration (which can also be referred to as the subcarrier spacing configuration) μ.

[0068] [Table 1]

[0069]

[0070] Table 2 below illustrates the number of time slots (N frame,μ slot ) in a frame according to the subcarrier spacing configuration μ, the number of time slots (N subframe,μ slot ) in a subframe, the number of symbols (N slot symb ) in a time slot, etc.

[0071] [Table 2]

[0072]

[0073] In Figure 5 , μ = 0, 1, 2, and 3 are exemplified.

[0074] Table 2-1 below exemplifies that when using an extended CP, the number of symbols per time slot, the number of time slots per frame, and the number of time slots per subframe vary according to the SCS.

[0075] [Table 2-1]

[0076] <![CDATA[SCS(15·2 μ )]]> <![CDATA[N slot symb > <![CDATA[N frame,μ slot > <![CDATA[N subframe,μ slot > 60KHz (μ = 2) 12 40 4

[0077] In an NR system, OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently between multiple cells merged to one UE. Therefore, the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., SF, time slot, or TTI) composed of the same number of symbols (collectively referred to as time unit (TU) for simplicity) can be configured differently between the merged cells.

[0078] Figure 6 The time slot structure is exemplified.

[0079] A time slot can include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, a time slot can include 14 symbols (or 7 symbols), but in the case of an extended CP, a time slot can include 12 symbols (or 6 symbols). A carrier can include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P) RBs in the frequency domain and can correspond to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the activated BWP, and only one BWP can be activated for one UE. Each element in the resource grid is called a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol can be mapped to the RE.

[0080] The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can include one or more control channel elements (CCEs), as exemplified in Table 3 below.

[0081] [Table 3]

[0082] Aggregation level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16

[0083] That is to say, the PDCCH can be transmitted through resources including 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, a CCE includes six resource element groups (REGs), and one REG includes one resource block in the frequency domain and one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the time domain.

[0084] Monitoring means decoding each PDCCH candidate according to the downlink control information (DCI) format. The UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs (described below) on the activated DL BWP of each activated serving cell configured with PDCCH monitoring according to the corresponding search space set.

[0085] In NR, a new unit called a control resource set (CORESET) can be introduced. The UE can receive the PDCCH in the CORESET.

[0086] Figure 7 The CORESET is illustrated.

[0087] Refer to Figure 7 , the CORESET includes N CORESET RB resource blocks in the frequency domain and N CORESET symb ∈ {1, 2, 3} symbols in the time domain. N CORESET RB and N CORESET symb can be provided by the base station via higher layer signaling. As Figure 7 illustrated, multiple CCEs (or REGs) can be included in the CORESET.

[0088] The UE can attempt to detect the PDCCH in the CORESET in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. One or more CCEs for which PDCCH detection can be attempted can be called PDCCH candidates.

[0089] Multiple CORESETs can be configured for the UE.

[0090] Configure the control area in a conventional wireless communication system (e.g., LTE / LTE-A) on the entire system frequency band used by the base station (BS). All UEs except some UEs that only support narrowband (e.g., eMTC / NB-IoT UEs) must be able to receive the wireless signals of the entire system frequency band of the BS in order to properly receive / decode the control information sent by the BS.

[0091] On the other hand, in NR, the above-mentioned CORESET is introduced. The CORESET is the radio resource for the control information received by the UE and can use only a part in the frequency domain instead of the entire system bandwidth. In addition, in the time domain, only some symbols in the time slot can be used. The BS can allocate the CORESET to each UE and can send the control information through the allocated CORESET. In NR, the UE can receive the control information from the BS without having to receive the entire system band.

[0092] The CORESET can include a UE-specific CORESET for sending UE-specific control information and a common CORESET for sending control information common to all UEs.

[0093] In addition, depending on the application, NR may require high reliability. In such a case, compared with the conventional technology, the target block error rate (BLER) of the downlink control information (DCI) sent through the downlink control channel (e.g., the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) can be significantly reduced. As an example of a method to meet the requirement of high reliability, the content included in the DCI can be reduced and / or the amount of resources used for DCI transmission can be increased. Here, the resources can include at least one of the resources in the time domain, the frequency domain, the code domain, and the spatial domain.

[0094] In NR, the following techniques / features can be applied.

[0095] <Self-contained subframe structure>

[0096] Figure 8 An example of the frame structure for the new radio access technology is illustrated.

[0097] In NR, as Figure 8 shown, the structure in which the control channel and the data channel are time-division multiplexed within one TTI can be regarded as the frame structure to minimize the latency.

[0098] In Figure 8 it, the shaded area represents the downlink control area, and the black area represents the uplink control area. The remaining area can be used for downlink (DL) data transmission or uplink (UL) data transmission. The feature of this structure is that the DL transmission and the UL transmission are sequentially performed within one subframe, so that the DL data can be sent and the UL ACK / NACK can be received within the subframe. Therefore, the time required from the occurrence of a data transmission error to the retransmission of the data is shortened, thereby minimizing the latency of the final data transmission.

[0099] In the subframe structure of data and control TDM, there may be time gaps when the base station and the UE need to switch from the transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode. For this purpose, some OFDM symbols when DL switches to UL can be set as the guard period (GP) in the self - contained subframe structure.

[0100] Figure 9 Illustrates the structure of a self - contained time slot.

[0101] In the NR system, a time slot includes all of the DL control channel, DL or UL data channels, UL control channel, etc. For example, the first N symbols in the time slot can be used to transmit the DL control channel (subsequently, the DL control region), and the last M symbols in the time slot can be used to transmit the UL control channel (subsequently, the UL control region). Both N and M are integers of 0 or greater. The resource region (subsequently, the data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used to transmit DL data or UL data. As an example, a time slot can correspond to one of the following configurations. List each period in chronological order.

[0102] 1. DL - only configuration

[0103] 2. UL - only configuration

[0104] 3. Hybrid UL - DL configuration

[0105] - DL region + GP (guard period) + UL control region

[0106] - DL control region + GP + UL region

[0107] DL region: (i) DL data region, (ii) DL control region + DL data region

[0108] UL region: (i) UL data region, (ii) UL data region + UL control region.

[0109] In the DL control region, PDCCH can be transmitted, and in the DL data region, PDSCH can be transmitted. In the UL control region, PUCCH can be transmitted, and in the UL data region, PUSCH can be transmitted. In the PDCCH, downlink control information (DCI), such as DL data scheduling information or UL data scheduling information, can be transmitted. In the PUCCH, uplink control information (UCI), such as ACK / NACK (acknowledgment / negative acknowledgment) information for DL data, channel state information (CSI) information, or scheduling request (SR), can be transmitted. GP provides a time gap during the process of the gNB and UE transitioning from the transmission mode to the reception mode or during the process of the gNB and UE transitioning from the reception mode to the transmission mode. The symbol part within the subframe that belongs to the timing when the mode changes from DL to UL can be configured as GP.

[0110] <Analog beamforming #1>

[0111] The wavelength is shortened to millimeter wave (mmW), so a large number of antenna elements can be installed in the same area. That is, the wavelength is 1 cm at 30 GHz, so a total of 100 antenna elements can be installed in a 5×5 cm panel in the form of a two-dimensional array at an interval of 0.5λ (wavelength). Therefore, a large number of antenna elements can be used in mmW to increase the beamforming (BF) gain to increase the coverage or improve the throughput.

[0112] In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is provided to adjust the transmission power and phase of each antenna element, independent beamforming for each frequency resource can be performed. However, installing TXRUs for all approximately 100 antenna elements reduces efficiency in terms of cost. Therefore, a method of using an analog phase shifter to map a large number of antenna elements to one TXRU and control the beam direction is considered. This analog beamforming can only form one beam direction in all frequency bands, so frequency-selective beamforming cannot be provided.

[0113] Hybrid beamforming (BF) with B TXRUs that are fewer than Q antenna elements can be considered an intermediate form between digital BF and analog BF. In this case, the number of beam directions that can be transmitted simultaneously is limited to B, although this number depends on the method of connecting B TXRUs and Q antenna elements.

[0114] <Analog beamforming #2>

[0115] When multiple antennas are used in NR, hybrid beamforming, i.e., a combination of digital beamforming and analog beamforming, appears. Here, in analog beamforming (or RF beamforming), the RF side performs precoding (or combining), so that it is possible to achieve performance similar to digital beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and the number of D / A (or A / D) converters. For ease of description, the hybrid beamforming structure can be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas. Then, the digital beamforming of L data layers transmitted at the transmitting end can be represented by an N×L matrix, and the converted N digital signals are converted into analog signals via the TXRUs, and analog beamforming represented by an M×N matrix is applied.

[0116] The system information of the NR system can be transmitted in a broadcast manner. In this case, in one symbol, the analog beams belonging to different antenna panels can be transmitted simultaneously. A scheme of introducing a beam reference signal (BRS) as a reference signal (RS) transmitted by applying a single analog beam (corresponding to a specific antenna panel) is being discussed to measure the channels of each analog beam. The BRS can be defined for multiple antenna ports, and each antenna port of the BRS can correspond to a single analog beam. In this case, different from the BRS, the synchronization signal or xPBCH can be transmitted by applying all the analog beams within the analog beam group so as to be correctly received by any UE.

[0117] In NR, in the time domain, a synchronization signal block (SSB, or also referred to as synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH)) can consist of 4 OFDM symbols indexed in ascending order from 0 to 3 within the synchronization signal block, and the primary synchronization signal (PSS), the secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and the PBCH associated with the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) can be mapped to the symbols. As described above, the synchronization signal block can also be represented by an SS / PBCH block.

[0118] In NR, since multiple synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) can be transmitted at different times respectively and the SSB can be used to perform initial access (IA), serving cell measurement, etc., it is preferably to transmit the SSB first when the transmission time and resources of the SSB overlap with those of other signals. For this purpose, the network can broadcast the transmission time and resource information of the SSB, or indicate them by UE-specific RRC signaling.

[0119] In NR, transmission and reception can be performed based on beams. If the reception performance of the current serving beam deteriorates, a process of searching for a new beam through so-called beam failure recovery (BFR) can be performed.

[0120] Since the BFR process is not intended to indicate an error or failure of the link between the network and the UE, it can be assumed that the connection to the current serving cell is maintained even if the BFR process is executed. During the BFR process, measurements of different beams configured by the network (which can be represented based on CSI-RS ports or synchronization signal block (SSB) indices) can be performed, and the best beam for the corresponding UE can be selected. The UE can perform the BFR process in a manner such that it performs a RACH process associated with the beam that yields good measurement results.

[0121] Now, the transmission configuration indicator (hereinafter, TCI) state will be described. The TCI state can be configured for each CORESET of the control channel, and parameters for determining the RX beam of the UE can be determined based on the TCI state.

[0122] For each DL BWP of the serving cell, the UE can be configured for three or fewer CORESETs. Additionally, the UE can receive the following information for each CORESET.

[0123] 1) CORESET index p (e.g., one of 0 to 11, where the index of each CORESET can be uniquely determined among the BWPs of a serving cell),

[0124] 2) PDCCH DM-RS scrambling sequence initialization value,

[0125] 3) Duration of the CORESET in the time domain (which can be given in units of symbols),

[0126] 4) Resource block set,

[0127] 5) CCE to REG mapping parameter,

[0128] 6) Antenna port quasi-co-location, which indicates the quasi-co-location (QCL) information of the DM-RS antenna port used for receiving the PDCCH in each CORESET (from a set of antenna port quasi-co-locations provided by a higher layer parameter called "TCI-State"),

[0129] 7) Indication of the existence of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) field for a specific DCI format transmitted by the PDCCH in the CORESET, etc.

[0130] QCL will be described. Two antenna ports are said to be quasi - co - located (QCL) if the characteristics of the channel through which the symbols on one antenna port are transmitted can be inferred from the characteristics of the channel through which the symbols on another antenna port are transmitted. For example, when two signals A and B are transmitted from the same transmit antenna array applying the same / similar spatial filters, the two signals can experience the same / similar channel states. From the perspective of the receiver, when one of the two signals is received, the other signal can be detected by using the channel characteristics of the received signal.

[0131] In this sense, when signals A and B are said to be quasi - co - located (QCL), this can mean that signals A and B have experienced similar channel conditions. Therefore, the channel information estimated for detecting signal A is also useful for detecting signal B. In this document, the channel conditions can be defined according to, for example, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial reception parameters, etc.

[0132] The "TCI - State" parameter associates one or two downlink reference signals with corresponding QCL types (QCL types A, B, C, and D, see Table 4).

[0133] [Table 4]

[0134] QCL type Description QCL-Type A Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, delay spread QCL-Type B Doppler shift, Doppler spread QCL-Type C Doppler shift, mean delay QCL-Type D Spatial Rx parameter

[0135] Each "TCI - State" can include parameters for configuring the QCL relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and the DM - RS ports of the PDSCH (or PDDCH) or the CSI - RS ports of the CSI - RS resources.

[0136] In addition, for each DL BWP configured for a UE in a serving cell, the UE can be provided with 10 (or fewer) search space sets. For each search space set, the UE can be provided with at least one of the following information.

[0137] 1) Search space set index s (0 ≤ s < 40), 2) Association between CORESET p and search space set s, 3) PDCCH monitoring periodicity and PDCCH monitoring offset (in slot units), 4) PDCCH monitoring pattern within a slot (e.g., indicating the first symbol of the CORESET in the slot for PDCCH monitoring), 5) Number of slots in which search space set s exists, 6) Number of PDCCH candidates for each CCE aggregation level, 7) Information indicating whether search space set s is a CSS or USS.

[0138] In NR, CORESET #0 can be configured via the PBCH (or UE-specific signaling for handover or PSCell configuration or BWP configuration). The search space (SS) set #0 configured via the PBCH can monitor different offsets (e.g., slot offset, symbol offset) for each associated SSB. This may be required to minimize the search space timing monitored by the UE. Alternatively, this may be required to provide beam-scanning control / data regions capable of performing control / data transmission based on each beam so as to persistently perform communication with the UE in the case where the optimal beam of the UE dynamically changes.

[0139] Figure 10 Illustrates physical channels and typical signal transmissions.

[0140] Refer to Figure 10 In a wireless communication system, the UE receives information from the BS via the downlink (DL), and the UE transmits information to the BS via the uplink (UL). The data transmitted / received by the BS and the UE includes data and various control information, and there are various physical channels according to the type / purpose of the information transmitted / received by the BS and the UE.

[0141] A UE that is powered on again in a power-off state or newly enters a cell performs initial cell search operations (S11) such as adjusting synchronization with the BS. For this purpose, the UE receives the primary synchronization channel (PSCH) and the secondary synchronization channel (SSCH) from the BS to adjust synchronization with the BS and obtain information such as the cell identity (ID). In addition, the UE can receive the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the BS to obtain broadcast information in the cell. In addition, the UE can receive the downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the initial cell search step to identify the downlink channel state.

[0142] (Initial) cell search is a process in which the UE obtains time and frequency synchronization with a cell and detects the cell ID of the above cell. Cell search can be based on the primary synchronization signal and secondary synchronization signal of the above cell, and PBCH DMRS.

[0143] After completing the initial cell search, the UE can receive the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the corresponding physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) to obtain more specific system information (S12).

[0144] Thereafter, the UE may perform a random access procedure to complete access to the BS (S13 to S16). Specifically, the UE may transmit a preamble via a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) (S13), and may receive a Random Access Response (RAR) for the preamble via the PDCCH and its corresponding PDSCH (S14). Thereafter, the UE may transmit a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) by using the scheduling information in the RAR (S15), and may perform a contention resolution procedure (which may be referred to as a procedure for receiving a contention resolution message) similar to that of the PDCCH and its corresponding PDSCH (S16).

[0145] After performing the above-mentioned procedures, the UE may perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission (S18) as typical uplink / downlink signal transmission procedures. The control information transmitted from the UE to the BS is referred to as Uplink Control Information (UCI). UCI includes Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) / negative ACK (NACK), Scheduling Request (SR), Channel State Information (CSI), etc. CSI includes Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Rank Indicator (RI), etc. Generally, UCI is transmitted via the PUCCH. However, when control information and data are to be transmitted simultaneously, UCI may be transmitted via the PUSCH. Additionally, the UE may transmit UCI irregularly via the PUSCH according to the request / indication of the network.

[0146] In order to enable reasonable battery consumption when bandwidth adaptation (BA) is configured, only one uplink bandwidth part (BWP) and one downlink BWP or only one downlink / uplink BWP pair for each uplink carrier may be activated at a time in the active serving cell, and all other BWPs configured in the UE may be deactivated. In the deactivated BWPs, the UE does not monitor the PDCCH, and does not perform transmission on the PUCCH, PRACH, and UL-SCH.

[0147] For BA, the RX and TX bandwidths of the UE do not necessarily have the same width as the cell bandwidth and can be adjusted. That is, it can be commanded to change the width (e.g., reduce for low activity periods for power saving), move the position in the frequency domain (e.g., to increase scheduling flexibility), and change the subcarrier spacing (e.g., to allow for different services). A subset of the entire cell bandwidth of the cell is called a bandwidth part (BWP), and BA is obtained by configuring the BWP for the UE and by notifying the UE of the currently active BWP among the configured BWPs. When configuring BA, the UE only needs to monitor the PDCCH on one active BWP. That is, it is not necessary to monitor the PDCCH on the entire downlink frequency of the cell. The BWP inactivity timer (independent of the DRX inactivity timer mentioned above) is used to switch the active BWP to the default BWP. That is, when the PDCCH is decoded successfully, the timer restarts, and when the timer expires, it switches to the default BWP.

[0148] Next, the integrated access and backhaul link (IAB) will be described. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, the proposed solution will be described based on the new RAT (NR) system. However, the scope of the system to which the proposed solution is applied can be extended to other systems such as the 3GPP LTE / LTE-A system in addition to the NR system.

[0149] One of the potential technologies aimed at realizing future cellular network configuration scenarios and applications is a technology that supports wireless backhaul and relay links, enabling flexible and very dense configuration of NR cells without proportionally densifying the transport network.

[0150] Compared with LTE, it is expected that a larger bandwidth (e.g., mmWave spectrum) can be utilized in NR in conjunction with the native deployment of massive MIMO or multi-beam systems. Therefore, there is an opportunity to use the research and development and configuration of integrated access and backhaul links. By constructing multiple control and data channels / processes defined in a way that provides connection or access to the UE, it becomes possible to more easily configure a dense network of self-backhauled NR cells in a more integrated manner. Such a system is called an integrated access and backhaul link (IAB).

[0151] The following definitions are made in this disclosure.

[0152] - AC(x): The access link between node (x) and the UE.

[0153] - BH(xy): The backhaul link between node (x) and node (y).

[0154] At this time, the node may refer to a DgNB (donor gNB, donor node) or a relay node (RN). Here, the DgNB or the donor node may be a gNB that provides a function to support the backhaul for the IAB node.

[0155] When there are relay node 1 and relay node 2, and relay node 1 and relay node 2 are connected by a backhaul link and relay the data transmitted and received by relay node 2, relay node 1 is named the parent node of relay node 2, and relay node 2 is named the child node of relay node 1.

[0156] The technical features separately described in one drawing in this specification can be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0157] The following drawings are used to illustrate a specific example of this specification. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals / messages / fields recorded in the drawings are only for illustration. Therefore, the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0158] The following introduces the network control repeater (NCR) in the NR environment and its operation method. Hereinafter, the NCR can be abbreviated as a repeater or a repeater. Hereinafter, the MT can be called NCR-MT, and the RU can be called NCR-Fwd (forward).

[0159] <Transport Network Architecture for 5G>

[0160] Figure 11 Illustrates the transport network architecture for 5G.

[0161] ITU-T (Telecommunication Standardization Sector) selected the transport network architecture for 5G composed of three logical elements, namely CU (Central Unit), DU (Distribution Unit), and RU (Remote Unit), as shown in (a) of Figure 11 as shown.

[0162] In this model, the functions of the mid and lower layers are divided into DU and RU. RU implements the RF function and may also implement the low-PHY and high-PHY functions according to the functional division between RU and DU. According to the network requirements, CU, DU, and RU are combined into different combinations to form actual physical network elements.

[0163] For example, as Figure 11 shown in (b) to (d), CU, DU, and RU are combined into various combinations. Thereby, flexibility is provided to include various network architectures, applications, and transport network requirements.

[0164] As Figure 11 shown, the transport network between 5GC and CU is called the backhaul. The backhaul network implements the 3GPP NG interface. Similarly, the transport network between CU and DU is called the midhaul. The midhaul network implements the 3GPP F1 interface. Finally, the transport network between DU and RU is called the fronthaul. The backhaul, midhaul, and fronthaul are collectively called xhaul.

[0165] The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), also known as the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and the large intelligent surface (LIS), is a programmable structure that changes the electrical and magnetic properties of the surface to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM).

[0166] In addition to the electromagnetic wave control function, RIS also integrates a detection function to detect the wireless environment. When RIS is configured in the environment where a wireless system operates, the attributes of the wireless channel can be at least partially controlled.

[0167] The inherent functions of RIS can provide many advantages, including the potential to improve stability and coverage performance through beamforming or range extension. As the propagation environment can be controlled, some changes are taking place in the existing wireless system design paradigm, where the wireless channel is mostly considered an uncontrollable entity that distorts the transmitted signal. Traditional transmitters (TX) and receivers (RX) are designed to equally disperse the influence of the channel. Various scenarios can be imagined, from the case of configuring one RIS on a wall to the case of transmitting signals from a predetermined direction.

[0168] By using RIS, it is possible to provide the 'penetration effect' of transmitting external signals to the base station signals inside the building and the'reflection effect' in a non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environment, thereby improving the coverage of blind spots.

[0169] <Network-controlled repeater in NR>

[0170] (1) Conventional RF repeater

[0171] (In the past) The RF repeater is a non-regenerative type of relay node that simply amplifies and forwards all received signals. The main advantages of the RF repeater are low cost, ease of configuration, and no additional latency. The main disadvantage is that it may increase system interference (pollution) by amplifying both signals and noise.

[0172] (2) Rel-17 WI on RF repeater (RAN4)

[0173] The RF repeater is defined in Rel-17 of RAN4 for the FR1 band FDD / TDD and the FR2 band. Only RF requirements are included in the Rel-17 WI (Work Item Description). The RAN4 WI clearly states that "it is assumed that the repeater does not perform adaptive beamforming towards the UE".

[0174] (3) Rel-18 Network controlled repeater for NR

[0175] Coverage is a fundamental aspect of cellular network configuration. Mobile network operators provide overall coverage based on various types of network nodes. The configuration of a regular full-stack cell is an option, but it is not always feasible (e.g., in the case of no backhaul availability), and it may also be unaffordable economically.

[0176] As a result, new types of network nodes are considered to improve the flexibility of mobile network operators' network configuration. For example, integrated access and backhaul (IAB), as a new type of network node that does not require a wired backhaul, was introduced in Rel-16 and improved in Rel-17. Another type of network node is the RF repeater that simply amplifies and forwards all received signals. RF repeaters have been widely deployed to supplement the coverage provided by regular full-stack cells in 2G, 3G, and 4G.

[0177] RF repeaters provide a cost-effective means of expanding network coverage, but there are limitations. RF repeaters simply perform amplification and forwarding operations without considering various elements that can improve performance. Such elements include information regarding semi-static and / or dynamic downlink / uplink configurations, adaptive transmitter / receiver spatial beamforming, ON-OFF states, etc.

[0178] A Network Control Repeater (NCR) enhances the function of receiving and processing side control information from the network compared to existing RF repeaters. The side control information enables the Network Control Repeater to perform amplification and forwarding operations in a more efficient manner. Potential advantages include mitigating the amplification of unnecessary noise, achieving better spatial directivity in transmission and reception, and enabling simplified network integration, etc.

[0179] Regarding the research on the Network Control Repeater (NCR), the focus will be on the following scenarios and assumptions.

[0180] The Network Control Repeater is an in-band RF repeater used to expand network coverage in the FR1 and FR2 frequency bands, and the FR2 configuration assigns priorities for both outdoor and O2I scenarios.

[0181] The Network Control Repeater is transparent to the UE.

[0182] The Network Control Repeater maintains both the base station-repeater link and the repeater-UE link simultaneously.

[0183] Cost-effectiveness is a core consideration for the Network Control Repeater.

[0184] It is necessary to conduct research and identify the following side control information.

[0185] Beamforming information, timing information for aligning the transceiver boundaries of the Network Control Repeater, UL-DL TDD configuration information, ON-OFF information for effective interference management and energy efficiency improvement, power control information for effective interference management, etc.

[0186] Research and identification of L1 / L2 signals (including corresponding configurations) for transmitting side control information are required. From the management aspect of the Network Control Repeater, research on the identification and authentication of the Network Control Repeater is needed.

[0187] It can be considered that the NCR consists of an RU and an MT.

[0188] Figure 12 An example of the topology showing the NCR performing transceiver operations between the base station and the UE is presented.

[0189] Refer to Figure 12 , there is a CU and / or a DU in the base station, and the NCR is connected to the base station. The NCR consists of an MT and an RU.

[0190] The RU consists only of the RF layer. The RU receives the signal sent by the base station at the RF end and forwards it to the UE, and receives the signal sent by the UE at the RF end and forwards it to the base station.

[0191] The RU only forwards the signals between the base station and the UE, and cannot autonomously generate signals / channels to send to the base station / UE or receive signals / channels from the base station / UE for detection.

[0192] The RU may consider adjusting the transceiver beam direction, DL / UL direction, ON / OFF state, transmit (Tx) power, etc. at the RF end to forward the received signal. However, such operations of the RU cannot be determined by the NCR itself and are completely controlled by the base station.

[0193] The MT includes the RF layer and the L1 layer, L2 layer, and / or L3 layer. For example, the MT consists only of the RF layer and the L1 layer or the L1 / L2 layer. Or, the MT may consist of the RF layer and the L1 / L2 / L3 layer.

[0194] The MT detects / receives the signals / channels sent by the base station, generates the signals / channels to be sent to the base station and sends them. In addition, the MT receives the information required to control the operation of the RU from the base station (i.e., side control information). There is no transceiver between the MT and the UE.

[0195] Figure 13 It is a diagram for comparing the operations of the NCR and the existing RF repeater.

[0196] Refer to Figure 13 's (a), in the case of the existing RF repeater, beamforming in all (omni)-directions or fixed directions is performed. On the other hand, as Figure 13 's (b) shows, in the NCR, the Tx / Rx beam direction of the NCR is adaptively adjusted according to the position of the UE and the channel condition of the UE, so as to obtain a beamforming gain.

[0197] In the case of existing RF repeaters, in a TDD system, it is impossible to distinguish between the DL / UL directions, and transceiver operations in the DL and UL directions are always performed simultaneously. Or only a fixed TDD configuration is applied, and switching between the DL direction and the UL direction is performed in a specified time pattern. On the other hand, in the NCR, considering the TDD configuration, the NCR performs DL / UL switching. Thereby, DL / UL operations are adaptively performed, reducing power waste and interference caused by forwarding unnecessary signals.

[0198] In the case of existing RF repeaters, regardless of whether signals are being transmitted to or from the base station and the UE, the power of the received signal is always amplified and forwarded. Thereby, power is wasted unnecessarily and interference generated in the surroundings is increased. In the case of the NCR, an ON / OFF operation is performed. When there is no signal to be forwarded to the base station / UE, the operation of the RU is turned off and unnecessary signals are not forwarded.

[0199] In the case of existing RF repeaters, the power of the received signal is amplified and forwarded at a fixed ratio. In the case of the NCR, when a signal is transmitted with unnecessary high power, the transmission power of the NCR is reduced, thereby reducing the impact of interference generated in the surroundings. When a signal is transmitted with low power, the transmission power of the NCR is increased, so that the signal is stably forwarded to the receiver.

[0200] In the case of existing RF repeaters, operations are performed without knowing the DL / UL time slot boundary. On the other hand, in the case of the NCR, in order to adaptively adjust beamforming, ON / OFF, DL / UL direction, Tx power, etc. as described above, the NCR needs to know the transceiver boundaries of DL and UL. Thereby, different operations of the RU are applied for each unit of time (e.g., time slot / symbol).

[0201] Figure 14 Illustrate the links between the base station, NCR, and UE.

[0202] Refer to Figure 14 , the NCR includes an NCR-MT (=MT) and an NCR-Fwd (=RU).

[0203] The NCR-MT is defined as a functional entity that communicates with the base station (gNB) via a control link (C-link) in order to enable information exchange (e.g., sidelink control information). The C-link is based on the NR Uu interface.

[0204] The sidelink control information is information used at least for NCR-Fwd control.

[0205] NCR-Fwd is defined as a functional entity that performs amplification and forwarding of UL / DL RF signals between a base station and a user equipment (UE) via a backhaul link and an access link. The operation of NCR-Fwd is controlled according to side control information received from the base station.

[0206] The content of this disclosure is described assuming operations in NCR. However, the content of this disclosure may also be applied not to NCR but to a device. For example, the content of this disclosure is applied for the operation of RIS. For this purpose, RIS can be extended / interpreted instead of NCR mentioned in this disclosure. In this case, the RU performs the role of forwarding a signal from the base station to the UE and a signal from the UE to the base station in the RIS, and the MT performs the role of receiving side control information for controlling signal transmission of the RU from the base station.

[0207] Hereinafter, the term network may be interpreted as being replaced by a base station or a CU / DU. In addition, the term base station may be interpreted as being replaced by a network, a CU, or a DU.

[0208] In NCR, in order to forward the signal received by the RU, it is possible to consider adjusting the transmission / reception beam direction, DL / UL direction, ON / OFF state, transmission power, etc. at the RF end. However, the operation of this RU cannot be determined by NCR itself but can be completely controlled by the base station. For this purpose, the MT can receive information (i.e., side control information) required to control the operation of the RU from the base station. At least some or all of this side control information can be conveyed via L1 / L2 signaling (such as DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_8), MAC-CE).

[0209] The side control information may include, for example, all or part of the following information.

[0210] 1) Beamforming information. This represents information about the Tx / Rx beam direction of the RU. Such information includes the beam direction of UL Tx from the base station, DL Rx from the base station, DL Tx to the UE, and / or UL Rx from the UE.

[0211] 2) Timing information to align transmission / reception boundaries of network-controlled repeater. This represents information used by the RU to align Tx / Rx time slots or symbol boundaries.

[0212] 3) Information on UL-DL TDD configuration. This represents information on the DL / UL direction of the RU.

[0213] 4) ON-OFF information for efficient interference management and improved energy efficiency. This represents information on the ON-OFF operation of the RU.

[0214] 5) Power control information for efficient interference management. This represents information on the transmission power of the RU. Such information includes the UL transmission power to the base station and / or the DL transmission power to the UE.

[0215] Different side control information is applied according to each time resource. In this case, it is necessary to indicate the side control information according to each time resource.

[0216] When it is assumed that the side control information is transmitted through MAC-CE and / or DCI, the side control information can be transmitted through different MAC-CE and / or DCI for each time resource unit. In this case, there is a burden of transmitting the side control information for each time resource unit. Considering this, when the side control information is transmitted once, the side control information for multiple time resource units can be indicated.

[0217] Below, the operation of reporting information on the preferred or non-preferred access link beam to the network considering its own situation / environment when operating the NCR in the NR environment is described.

[0218] In the case of NCR-Fwd, the forwarding operation can be performed by adapting the DL-Tx / UL-Rx beam direction in the access link according to the instruction of the base station. That is, the DL-Tx / UL-Rx beam direction in the access link can be adjusted according to the time resource.

[0219] In addition, for NCR-MT and NCR-Fwd, the transmission and reception operations can be performed by adapting the DL-Rx / UL-Tx beam direction in the control link (C-link) / backhaul link. That is, the DL-Rx / UL-Tx beam direction in the control link / backhaul link can be adjusted according to the time resource.

[0220] Since the access link, backhaul link, and control link of the NCR all exist within a single device, the Tx and Rx signals in the access link, backhaul link, and control link of the NCR may interfere with each other.

[0221] Specifically, the DL Tx signal in the access link of the NCR may interfere with the UL-Rx in the control link of the NCR.

[0222] Figure 15 An example of the access link transmission signal of the NCR interfering with the control link and the backhaul link is shown.

[0223] Refer to Figure 15 , the NCR-MT can receive the downlink signal (e.g., control information) from the base station using the downlink receive beam (DL Rx beam) in the control link. The NCR-Fwd can receive the downlink signal (e.g., data to be sent to the UE) from the base station on the backhaul link. The NCR-Fwd can send (forward) the downlink signal (data) to the UE using the downlink transmit beam (DL Tx beam) in the access link.

[0224] During this process, when the NCR-MT receives the DL signal (control information) from the base station, the DL transmit signal forwarded to the access link by the NCR-Fwd may cause interference.

[0225] In order for the NCR to perform the DL forwarding operation on the access link and still correctly receive the DL signal from the base station on the control link, it is necessary to minimize the impact of this interference.

[0226] Depending on the beam direction ( / beam, hereinafter, the beam direction may mean the beam) of the NCR-Fwd performing DL-Tx (downlink transmission) in the access link, the interference impact on the NCR-MT performing the DL-Rx operation in the control link using the DL-Rx (downlink receive) beam may be different.

[0227] In addition, depending on the beam direction along which the NCR-MT performs DL-Rx in the control link, the interference impact of the DL-Tx signal sent by the NCR-Fwd in the access link on the DL-Rx signal in the control link of the NCR-MT may be different. In other words, the interference impact of the DL-Tx signal in the access link of the NCR-Fwd on the DL-Rx signal in the control link of the NCR-MT can vary according to the DL-Tx beam direction / beam in the access link and the DL-Rx beam direction / beam in the control link.

[0228] The NCR-MT knows when the NCR-Fwd performs DL-Tx in the access link and in what beam direction. Therefore, the NCR-MT can measure the interference impact on its DL-Rx. Based on this, the NCR-MT can determine the following information.

[0229] i) For each DL-Tx beam direction of the NCR-Fwd in the access link, the interference value of the DL-Tx beam signal in the access link on the DL-Rx in the control link.

[0230] ii) According to the DL-Rx beam direction in the control link, the interference value of the DL-Tx beam signal in the access link on the DL-Rx in the control link.

[0231] iii) According to the DL-Tx beam direction in the access link and the DL-Rx beam direction in the control link, the interference value of the DL-Tx beam signal in the access link on the DL-Rx in the control link.

[0232] Based on this determination, the NCR-MT can report all or part of the following information to the base station.

[0233] 1) Report the interference level.

[0234] i) According to the DL-Tx beam direction in the access link, the interference value of the DL-Tx beam signal in the access link on the DL-Rx in the control link.

[0235] These reports can be performed only when each interference value is higher than / less than or equal to / lower than a certain threshold.

[0236] And / or such reports can be performed only for a specific number (e.g., M, where M can be a natural number greater than or equal to 2) of DL-Tx beam directions in ascending or descending order of the interference value.

[0237] And / or such reports can be performed only within a specific number of DL-Tx beam directions configured by the network.

[0238] ii) According to the DL-Rx beam direction in the control link, the interference value of the DL-Tx beam signal in the access link on the DL-Rx. These reports can be performed only when each interference value is higher than / less than or equal to / lower than a certain threshold.

[0239] And / or such reports can be performed only for a specific number (e.g., M, where M can be a natural number greater than or equal to 2) of DL-Rx beam directions in ascending or descending order of the interference value.

[0240] And / or such reports can be performed only within a specific number of DL-Rx beam directions configured by the network.

[0241] iii) The interference value of the DL-Tx beam signal in the access link on the DL-Rx, based on the DL-Tx beam direction in the access link and the DL-Rx beam direction in the control link.

[0242] These reports can be performed only when each interference value is higher than / less than or equal to / lower than a certain threshold.

[0243] And / or such reports can be performed only for a specific number (e.g., M) of DL-Rx beam directions in ascending or descending order of the interference value.

[0244] And / or such reports can be performed only within a specific number of DL-Rx beam directions configured by the network.

[0245] 2) Report preferred or non-preferred beams.

[0246] i) Information about the DL-Tx beam directions in the access link that are NCR-MT preferred and / or non-preferred, or the set of "DL-Tx beam directions in the access link". This report can be performed only for a specific number of DL-Tx beam directions configured by the network.

[0247] ii) Information about the DL-Rx beam directions in the control link that are NCR-MT preferred and / or non-preferred, or the set of "DL-Rx beam directions in the control link". This report can be performed only for a specific number of DL-Rx beam directions configured by the network.

[0248] iii) Information about the DL-Tx beam directions in the access link that are NCR-MT preferred and / or non-preferred, or the set of "DL-Tx beam directions in the access link targeted for each DL-Rx beam direction in the control link". This report can be performed only for a specific number of DL-Tx beam directions configured by the network.

[0249] iv) Information about the DL-Tx beam directions in the access link that are NCR-MT preferred and / or non-preferred, or the set of "DL-Tx beam directions in the access link" for each DL-Rx beam direction in the access link. This report can be performed only for a specific number of DL-Rx beam directions configured by the network.

[0250] v) Information about the pairs of "DL-Rx beam directions of the control link" and "DL-Tx beam directions in the access link" that are NCR-MT preferred and / or non-preferred. This report can be performed only for a specific number of DL-Tx beam directions configured by the network. And / or such reports can be performed only for a specific number of DL-Rx beam directions configured by the network.

[0251] Such reports can be performed via signaling such as RRC / MAC-CE. Additionally, these reports can be performed on a periodic or aperiodic basis. Additionally, these reports can be reported only when there is a request from the base station, and / or can be performed without a request from the base station based on specific criteria.

[0252] Figure 16 An operation method of a network control repeater (NCR) in a wireless communication system is illustrated, where the NCR includes an NCR-MT (mobile terminal) and an NCR-Fwd (forward).

[0253] Referring to Figure 16 , the NCR-MT of the NCR performs measurements (S161).

[0254] The above measurements can be, for example, measuring the interference value of the DL-Tx beam signal in the access link on each DL-Tx beam ( / beam direction) of the NCR-Fwd and each DL-Rx beam ( / beam direction) of the NCR-MT in the control link on the DL-Rx operation in the control link.

[0255] The NCR-MT of the NCR sends feedback information based on the measurement results to the base station. Here, the feedback information includes interference information for the pair of the downlink receive (DL Rx) beam in the control link (C-link) through which the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station and the downlink transmit (DL Tx) beam in the access link through which the NCR-Fwd sends signals to the user equipment (UE).

[0256] In some embodiments, the interference information can include the interference value of the downlink transmit beam in the access link on the downlink receive beam in the control link. At this time, the interference value can be greater than a threshold. That is, only when the measured interference value is greater than the threshold can it be reported to the base station through the above feedback information.

[0257] When the beam pair includes a DL Rx beam among multiple DL Rx beams on the C-link through which the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station and a DL Tx beam among multiple DL Tx beams on the access link through which the NCR-Fwd sends signals to the UE, the feedback information can include interference information for multiple beam pairs.

[0258] Here, the multiple beam pairs can include M (M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) DL Rx beams among the multiple DL Rx beams in descending order of the measured interference value.

[0259] In this case, multiple beam pairs may include M (where M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) DL Rx beams among multiple DL Rx beams preconfigured by the base station.

[0260] The feedback information may include preference information for pairs of the DL Rx beam preferred by the NCR-MT among multiple DL Rx beams in the C-link through which the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station and the DL Tx beam preferred by the NCR-MT among multiple DL Tx beams in the access link through which the NCR-Fwd sends signals to the UE. For example, when the NCR-Fwd uses the Nth DL Tx beam in the access link and the NCR-MT uses the Mth DL Rx beam in the control link and the interference of the Nth DL Tx beam on the Mth DL Rx beam is minimized, information about the pair of the Nth DL Tx beam and the Mth DL Rx beam may be fed back as preference information.

[0261] In some embodiments, the NCR may further include receiving a message from the base station requesting feedback information.

[0262] Based on the feedback information, the base station may control the downlink transmission beam that does not use the access link and has a significant interference impact on the NCR-MT. Alternatively, the downlink transmission beam that uses the access link and has the least interference impact on the NCR-MT may be controlled. At this time, the base station (network) may consider both the downlink receiving beam of the control link and the downlink transmission beam of the access link, and control both the downlink receiving beam of the control link and the downlink transmission beam of the access link. This is because each downlink receiving beam in the control link may have a different interference amount from each downlink transmission beam in the access link. Thereby, a decrease in the downlink receiving performance in the control link of the NCR-MT can be prevented.

[0263] Figure 17 is an example of the Figure 16 applied method.

[0264] Referring to Figure 17 (a) of, the NCR including the NCR-MT and the NCR-Fwd may receive downlink signals (e.g., control information related to the forwarding operation of the NCR-Fwd) from the base station using downlink receiving (DL Rx) beams #1, #2, and #3 in the control link.

[0265] The NCR may forward downlink signals (e.g., data / control information for the UE) to the UE using downlink transmission (DL Tx) beams #1, #2, and #3 in the access link.

[0266] In this case, NCR can measure the interference of the downlink transmission (DL Tx) beams #1, #2, and #3 on the downlink reception (DL Rx) beams #1, #2, and #3 respectively. That is, the interference amount (interference value) of the downlink transmission beam on the downlink reception beam can be measured for a total of 9 pairs of {downlink reception beam, downlink transmission beam}.

[0267] Referring to Figure 17 (b), the NCR (NCR-MT) sends feedback information based on the above measurements to the base station. For example, if feedback is provided only for the two pairs with the maximum interference values, the interference values for {downlink reception beam #3, downlink transmission beam #1} and {downlink reception beam #1, downlink transmission beam #3} can be fed back. Alternatively, if the feedback information includes the above preference information, the information indicating {downlink reception beam #3, downlink transmission beam #1} and {downlink reception beam #1, downlink transmission beam #3} can be fed back.

[0268] Figure 18 Illustrates the signaling between the base station and the UE and the operations of the base station when applying Figure 16 the method.

[0269] Referring to Figure 18 , the base station sends a message requesting feedback information to the NCR-MT of the NCR. The NCR includes the NCR-MT and the NCR-Fwd (S181).

[0270] The UE measures the interference of the downlink transmission beam (direction) of the access link on each downlink reception beam (direction) of the control link and generates feedback information (S182).

[0271] The base station receives the above feedback information from the NCR-MT (S183). The NCR sends the feedback information to the base station.

[0272] As described above, the feedback information includes at least one of interference information and preference information for pairs of the downlink reception (DL Rx) beam in the control link (C-link) through which the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station and the downlink transmission (DL Tx) beam in the access link through which the NCR-Fwd sends signals to the UE.

[0273] Based on the above feedback information, the base station can control the downlink transmission beam that does not use the access link and has a significant interference impact on the NCR-MT. Alternatively, the downlink transmission beam that uses the access link and has a minimum interference impact on the NCR-MT can be controlled. At this time, the base station (network) can consider controlling both the downlink receiving beam of the control link and the downlink transmission beam of the access link, and control both the downlink receiving beam of the control link and the downlink transmission beam of the access link. Thereby, a decrease in the downlink receiving performance in the control link of the NCR-MT can be prevented.

[0274] Figure 19 Illustrates a wireless device applicable to this specification.

[0275] Refer to Figure 19 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit / receive wireless signals through various radio access technologies (such as LTE, NR).

[0276] The first wireless device 100 includes at least one processor 102 and at least one memory 104, and may further include at least one transceiver 106 and / or at least one antenna 108. The processor 102 can be configured to control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 can process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then can transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. Additionally, the processor 102 can receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and can store the information obtained by signal processing from the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 can be connected to the processor 102, and can store various pieces of information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 can store software code, which includes instructions for executing part or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102 or for executing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 can be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement radio communication technologies (such as LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 can be connected to the processor 102, and can transmit and / or receive radio signals via at least one antenna 108. The transceiver 106 can include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 can be replaced by a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this specification, a wireless device can refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0277] The processor 102 may be included in a network control repeater (NCR), which includes an NCR-mobile terminal (MT) and an NCR-forwarder (Fwd). The processor 102 controls the NCR-MT to perform measurements and send feedback information based on the measurement results to a base station. The feedback information includes interference information for pairs of a downlink receive (DL Rx) beam in a control link (C-link) through which the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station and a downlink transmit (DL Tx) beam in an access link through which the NCR-Fwd sends signals to a user equipment (UE).

[0278] The second wireless device 200 includes at least one processor 202 and at least one memory 204, and may further include at least one transceiver 206 and / or at least one antenna 208. The processor 202 may be configured to control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then may send radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. Additionally, the processor 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 206 and may store the information obtained by signal processing from the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and may store various pieces of information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store software code including instructions for performing part or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202 or for implementing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement radio communication technologies (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and may send and / or receive radio signals via at least one antenna 208. The transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be replaced by an RF unit. In this specification, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0279] The processor 202 may be included in a base station. The processor 202 sends a message requesting feedback information to the NCR-MT (Mobile Terminal) of a Network Control Repeater (NCR), and receives feedback information from the NCR-MT. The NCR includes an NCR-MT and an NCR-Fwd (Forward). The feedback information includes interference information for pairs of a downlink reception (DL Rx) beam in a control link (C-link) through which the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station and a downlink transmission (DL Tx) beam in an access link through which the NCR-Fwd sends signals to a User Equipment (UE).

[0280] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 are described in detail. At least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor 102 and 202, but is not limited thereto. For example, at least one processor 102 and 202 may implement at least one layer (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP layers). The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate at least one protocol data unit (PDU) and / or at least one service data unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed herein, and may provide the signal to at least one transceiver 106 and 206. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver 106 and 206, and may obtain a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0281] The at least one processor 102 and 202 may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least one processor 102 and 202. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented to include at least one computer readable medium (CRM) based on instructions executed by at least one processor.

[0282] The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein can be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software can be configured to include modules, processes, functions, etc. The firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein can be included in at least one of processors 102 and 202, or can be stored in at least one of memories 104 and 204 and can be executed by at least one of processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein can be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or instruction sets.

[0283] At least one of memories 104 and 204 can be connected to at least one of processors 102 and 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. At least one of memories 104 and 204 can be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk drive, register, cache, computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. At least one of memories 104 and 204 can be provided inside and / or outside at least one of processors 102 and 202. Additionally, at least one of memories 104 and 204 can be connected to at least one of processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0284] At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may send user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein to at least one different device. At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein from at least one different device. For example, at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may be connected to at least one processor 102 and 202 and may send and receive radio signals. For example, at least one processor 102 and 202 may control at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to send user data, control information, or radio signals to at least one different device. Additionally, at least one processor 102 and 202 may control at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from at least one different device. At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may be connected to at least one antenna 108 and 208 and may be configured to send or receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein via at least one antenna 108 and 208. In this document, at least one antenna may be multiple physical antennas or may be multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may transform the received radio signal / channel from an RF band signal into a baseband signal for processing the received user data, control information, radio signal / channel, etc. using at least one processor 102 and 202. At least one transceiver 106 and 206 may transform the user data, control information, radio signal / channel, etc. processed using at least one processor 102 and 202 from a baseband signal into an RF band signal. To this end, at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0285] Figure 20 An example of the structure of a signal processing module is shown. Here, signal processing may be performed in Figure 19 processors 102 and 202.

[0286] Referring to Figure 20 , a transmitting device (e.g., a processor, a processor and a memory, or a processor and a transceiver) in a UE or a BS may include a scrambler 301, a modulator 302, a layer mapper 303, an antenna port mapper 304, a resource block mapper 305, and a signal generator 306.

[0287] The transmitting device can transmit one or more codewords. The coded bits in each codeword are scrambled by the corresponding scrambler 301 and transmitted on a physical channel. A codeword can be referred to as a data string and can be equivalent to a transport block which is a data block provided by the MAC layer.

[0288] The modulator 302 can modulate the scrambled bits into complex-valued modulation symbols. The modulator 302 can modulate the scrambled bits according to a modulation scheme to arrange complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation diagram. The modulation scheme is not limited, and m-PSK (m-phase shift keying) or m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation) can be used to modulate the coded data. The modulator can be referred to as a modulation mapper.

[0289] The complex-valued modulation symbols can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper 303. The complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer can be mapped by the antenna port mapper 304 for transmission on an antenna port.

[0290] Each resource block mapper 305 can map the complex-valued modulation symbols for each antenna port to appropriate resource elements in the virtual resource blocks allocated for transmission. The resource block mapper can map the virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks according to an appropriate mapping scheme. The resource block mapper 305 can assign the complex-valued modulation symbols for each antenna port to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex the complex-valued modulation symbols according to users.

[0291] Each signal generator 306 can modulate the complex-valued modulation symbols, i.e., antenna-specific symbols, for each antenna port according to a specific modulation scheme (e.g., OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)) to generate a complex-valued time-domain OFDM symbol signal. The signal generator can perform an IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) on the antenna-specific symbols and can insert a CP (cyclic prefix) into the time-domain symbols on which the IFFT has been performed. The OFDM symbols are subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and upconversion and then transmitted to the receiving device through each transmitting antenna. The signal generator can include an IFFT module, a CP insertion unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an upconverter.

[0292] Figure 21 Another example of the structure of the signal processing module in the transmitting device is shown. Here, the signal processing can be performed in the processors of the UE / BS such as Figure 19 processors 102 and 202.

[0293] Referring to Figure 21 , the transmitting device (e.g., a processor, a processor and a memory, or a processor and a transceiver) in the UE or BS can include a scrambler 401, a modulator 402, a layer mapper 403, a precoder 404, a resource block mapper 405, and a signal generator 406.

[0294] The transmitting device can scramble the coded bits in the codeword through the corresponding scrambler 401, and then transmit the scrambled coded bits through the physical channel.

[0295] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols by the modulator 402. The modulator can modulate the scrambled bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme to arrange complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on the signal constellation diagram. The modulation scheme is not limited, and π / 2-BPSK (π / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) can be used to modulate the coded data.

[0296] The complex-valued modulation symbols can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper 403.

[0297] The complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer can be precoded by the precoder 404 for transmission on the antenna ports. Here, the precoder can perform transform precoding on the complex-valued modulation symbols and then perform precoding. Alternatively, the precoder can perform precoding without performing transform precoding. The precoder 404 can process the complex-valued modulation symbols according to MIMO using multiple transmit antennas to output antenna-specific symbols, and assign the antenna-specific symbols to the corresponding resource block mapper 405. The output z of the precoder 404 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 403 by the N×M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of layers.

[0298] Each resource block mapper 405 maps the complex-valued modulation symbols for each antenna port to suitable resource elements in the virtual resource blocks allocated for transmission.

[0299] The resource block mapper 405 can assign the complex-valued modulation symbols to suitable subcarriers and multiplex the complex-valued modulation symbols according to users.

[0300] Each signal generator 406 can modulate the complex-valued modulation symbols according to a specific modulation scheme (e.g., OFDM) to generate a complex-valued time-domain OFDM symbol signal. The signal generator 406 can perform IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) on the antenna-specific symbols and can insert CP (Cyclic Prefix) into the time-domain symbols on which IFFT has been performed. The OFDM symbols are subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and upconversion, and then transmitted to the receiving device through each transmit antenna. The signal generator 406 can include an IFFT module, a CP insertion unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an upconverter.

[0301] The signal processing process of the receiving device can be the reverse process of the signal processing process of the transmitting device. Specifically, the processor of the transmitting device decodes and demodulates the RF signal received through the antenna port of the transceiver. The receiving device may include multiple receiving antennas, and the signals received through the receiving antennas are restored to baseband signals, and then multiplexed and demodulated according to MIMO to be restored to the data string intended to be transmitted by the transmitting device. The receiving device may include: a signal restoration unit that restores the received signal to a baseband signal; a multiplexer that combines and multiplexes the received signals; and a channel demodulator that demodulates the multiplexed signal string into corresponding codewords. The signal restoration unit, the multiplexer, and the channel demodulator may be configured as integrated modules or independent modules for performing their functions. More specifically, the signal restoration unit may include: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts an analog signal into a digital signal; a CP removal unit that removes CP from the digital signal; an FET module that applies FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to the signal from which CP has been removed to output a frequency-domain signal; and a resource element demapper / equalizer that restores the frequency-domain symbols to antenna-specific symbols. The antenna-specific symbols are restored to the transport layer by the multiplexer, and the transport layer is restored to the codewords intended to be transmitted by the transmitting device by the channel demodulator.

[0302] Figure 22 An example of a wireless communication device according to an implementation example of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0303] Referring to Figure 22 , a wireless communication device (e.g., UE) may include at least one of a processor 2310 such as a digital signal processor (DSP) or a microprocessor, a transceiver 2335, a power management module 2305, an antenna 2340, a battery 2355, a display 2315, a keyboard 2320, a global positioning system (GPS) chip 2360, a sensor 2365, a memory 2330, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card 2325, a speaker 2345, and a microphone 2350. Multiple antennas and multiple processors may be provided.

[0304] The processor 2310 may implement the functions, processes, and methods described in this specification. Figure 22 The processor 2310 in Figure 19 may be the processors 102 and 202 in

[0305] The memory 2330 is connected to the processor 2310 and stores information related to the operation of the processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor and is connected to the processor through various technologies such as wired connections and wireless connections. Figure 22The memory 2330 in Figure 19 can be the memories 104 and 204 in

[0306] The user can input various types of information such as a phone number using various techniques such as pressing a button on the keyboard 2320 or activating the voice using the microphone 2350. The processor 2310 can receive and process the user information and perform appropriate functions such as making a call using the input phone number. In some scenarios, data can be obtained from the SIM card 2325 or the memory 2330 to perform appropriate functions. In some scenarios, the processor 2310 can display various types of information and data on the display 2315 to facilitate the user.

[0307] The transceiver 2335 is connected to the processor 2310 and sends and / or receives RF signals. The processor can control the transceiver to initiate communication or send RF signals including various types of information or data such as voice communication data. The transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver for sending and receiving RF signals. The antenna 2340 can facilitate the sending and receiving of RF signals. In some example implementations, when the transceiver receives an RF signal, the transceiver can forward the signal and convert it to a baseband frequency for processing by the processor. The signal can be processed through various techniques such as converting it to audible or readable information for output through the speaker 2345. Figure 22 The transceiver in Figure 19 can be the transceivers 106 and 206 in

[0308] Although not shown in Figure 22 various components such as a camera and a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port can be additionally included in the UE. For example, the camera can be connected to the processor 2310.

[0309] Figure 22 is an example of an implementation of the UE, and the example implementations of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The UE does not necessarily need to include Figure 22 all the components shown in

[0310] Figure 23 That is, some of the components (e.g., the keyboard 2320, the GPS chip 2360, the sensor 2365, and the SIM card 2325) may not be necessary components. In such a case, they may not be included in the UE.

[0311] According to Figure 23 , the wireless device can include at least one processor 102, 202, at least one memory 104, 204, at least one transceiver 106, 206, and one or more antennas 108, 208.

[0312] Figure 19 The examples of the wireless devices described in Figure 23 differ from the examples of the wireless devices described in Figure 19 in that the processors 102 and 202 and the memories 104 and 204 are separate in Figure 23 whereas in the examples of

[0313] Figure 24 The memories 104 and 204 are included in the processors 102 and 202. That is, the processor and the memory can form a chipset.

[0314] Referring to Figure 24 the wireless devices 100 and 200 can correspond to the wireless devices of Figure 19 and can be configured by various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 can include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit can include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 can include one or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204. For example, the transceiver 114 can include Figure 19 one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or one or more antennas 108 and 208 of

[0315] The additional components 140 can be configured in various ways according to the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional components 140 can include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in forms including, but not limited to: a robot ( Figure 25 100a of Figure 25 a vehicle ( Figure 25 100b-1 and 100b-2 of Figure 25of 100d), household appliances( Figure 25 of 100e), IoT devices( Figure 25 of 100f), digital broadcast UEs, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environment devices, AI servers / devices( Figure 25 of 400), BS( Figure 25 of 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, the wireless device can be used in a mobile or fixed location.

[0316] In Figure 24 , all kinds of elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 can all be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be connected by a wired connection, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be constructed by a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 can be constructed by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. For another example, the storage unit 130 can be constructed by a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0317] Figure 25 Illustrates the communication system 1 applied to this specification.

[0318] Refer to Figure 25, the communication system 1 applied to this specification includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Herein, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR)) or long-term evolution (LTE)), and can be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include, without limitation, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a household appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a TV, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a household appliance device, a digital sign, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The handheld device may include a smartphone, a smart board, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The household appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and the network may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0319] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). In addition, an IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0320] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS200 or BS200 / BS200. Herein, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least a part of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed.

[0321] NR supports multiple parameter sets (or multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS) ranges) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths; when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0322] NR frequency bands can be defined as two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2). The values of the frequency ranges can change. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) can be as shown in Table 5. For ease of description, FR1 in the frequency range for the NR system can refer to the "range below 6 GHz", and FR2 can refer to the "range above 6 GHz" and can be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0323] [Table 5]

[0324] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 450 MHz – 6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0325] As exemplified above, the values of the frequency ranges of the NR system can change. For example, FR1 can include frequency bands from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 6 below. That is, FR1 can include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or greater. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or greater included in FR1 can include unlicensed frequency bands. The unlicensed frequency bands can be used for various purposes, such as communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0326] [Table 6]

[0327] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 410 MHz – 7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz – 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0328] The claims disclosed in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or executed in a device, and the technical features in the device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or executed in a method. Additionally, the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or executed in a device. Additionally, the technical features in the method claims and device claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or executed in a method.

Claims

1. A method for operating a network control repeater (NCR) in a wireless communication system, the NCR including an NCR-mobile terminal (MT) and an NCR-forwarder (Fwd), the method comprising the steps of: Performing measurements by the NCR-MT; And Sending, by the NCR-MT, feedback information based on the results of the measurements to a base station, Wherein the feedback information includes interference information for pairs of a downlink receive (DL Rx) beam in a control link (C-link) and a downlink transmit (DL Tx) beam in an access link, the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station through the control link, and the NCR-Fwd sends signals to a user equipment (UE) through the access link.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The interference information includes an interference value of the DL Tx beam in the access link on the DL Rx beam in the control link.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The interference value is greater than a threshold.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The feedback information includes interference information for a plurality of beam pairs including a DL Rx beam among a plurality of DL Rx beams on the C-link and a DL Tx beam among a plurality of DL Tx beams on the access link, the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station through the C-link, and the NCR-Fwd sends signals to the UE through the access link.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The plurality of beam pairs includes M DL Rx beams among the plurality of DL Rx beams in descending order of measured interference values, where M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The plurality of beam pairs includes M DL Rx beams among the plurality of DL Rx beams preconfigured by the base station, where M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The feedback information includes preference information for a pair of a DL Rx beam preferred by the NCR-MT among the DL Rx beams in the C-link and a DL Tx beam preferred by the NCR-MT among the DL Tx beams in the access link, the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station through the C-link, and the NCR-Fwd sends signals to the UE through the access link.

8. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the step of: Receiving, from the base station, a message requesting the feedback information.

9. A network control repeater (NCR), the NCR including an NCR-mobile terminal (MT) and an NCR-forwarder (Fwd), the NCR comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one memory; And At least one processor, the processor being operatively coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, Wherein the at least one processor is adapted to: Perform measurements by the NCR-MT; and Send, by the NCR-MT, feedback information based on the results of the measurements to a base station, Wherein, the feedback information includes interference information for pairs of downlink receive DL Rx beams in a control link C-link and downlink transmit DL Tx beams in an access link, the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station via the control link, and the NCR-Fwd sends signals to a user equipment UE via the access link.

10. An apparatus for a network control repeater NCR, the NCR including an NCR-mobile terminal MT and an NCR-forwarder Fwd, the apparatus comprising: At least one memory; And At least one processor, the at least one processor being operatively coupled to the at least one memory, Wherein, the at least one processor is adapted to: Perform measurements by the NCR-MT; and Send feedback information based on results of the measurements from the NCR-MT to the base station, Wherein, the feedback information includes interference information for pairs of downlink receive DL Rx beams in a control link C-link and downlink transmit DL Tx beams in an access link, the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station via the control link, and the NCR-Fwd sends signals to a user equipment UE via the access link.

11. A method for operating a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: Sending a message requesting feedback information to an NCR-mobile terminal MT of a network control repeater NCR, the NCR including the NCR-MT and an NCR-forwarder Fwd, and Receiving the feedback information from the NCR-MT, Wherein, the feedback information includes interference information for pairs of downlink receive DL Rx beams in a control link C-link and downlink transmit DL Tx beams in an access link, the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station via the control link, and the NCR-Fwd sends signals to a user equipment UE via the access link.

12. A base station, the base station comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one memory; And At least one processor, the at least one processor being operatively coupled to the at least one transceiver and the at least one memory, Wherein, the at least one processor is adapted to: Send a message requesting feedback information to an NCR-mobile terminal MT of a network control repeater NCR, the NCR including the NCR-MT and an NCR-forwarder Fwd, and Receiving the feedback information from the NCR-MT, Wherein, the feedback information includes interference information for pairs of downlink receive DL Rx beams in a control link C-link and downlink transmit DL Tx beams in an access link, the NCR-MT receives control information from the base station via the control link, and the NCR-Fwd sends signals to a user equipment UE via the access link.

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