Water ecological restoration method for coping with sudden pollution input

Abstract

The application discloses a water ecological restoration method for sudden pollution input, which comprises the following steps: checking water pollution sources, arranging monitoring points on site after determining the pollution sources, and calculating pollution treatment area; subdividing pollution preliminary treatment measures according to the on-site conditions; performing emergency pollution treatment; performing water quality rapid improvement; and establishing a knowledge graph, rolling case data, emergency schemes, ecological treatment schemes and final results. Through pollution source checking, pollution preliminary treatment, emergency pollution treatment, ecological treatment and long-term water ecological maintenance measures, the application comprehensively treats two types of pollution of sediment and water, establishes a complete sudden pollution ecological treatment technology with high pertinence, establishes a complete water ecological food chain of aquatic plants, animals, benthic organisms and microorganisms, enriches the water ecological system, repairs the damaged natural water ecological system, improves the biological diversity of the system, and can achieve the effects of continuous improvement of water quality, long-acting maintenance of ecological effects and stability of the ecological system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water environment protection technology, specifically relating to a method for water ecological restoration in response to sudden pollution input. Background Technology

[0002] Sudden pollution input events refer to the occurrence of external pollution sources into natural water bodies such as rivers and lakes due to human factors, resulting in severe deterioration of water quality and significant damage to aquatic ecosystems. With the continuous advancement of pipeline construction projects in my country, direct discharge into water bodies is gradually decreasing. Sudden pollution input mainly refers to problems such as pipeline damage caused by a lack of long-term effective operation and maintenance after construction, as well as the entry of large amounts of surface debris, leachate, and other pollutants into natural water bodies through stormwater drainage networks during the initial stages of rainfall, affecting the safety and health of the aquatic environment. Rivers, waterways, and lakes, as important components of aquatic ecosystems, are highly vulnerable to various sudden environmental pollution events. These sudden pollution inputs often alter the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water bodies, disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems, and threaten aquatic ecological security.

[0003] As a crucial component of aquatic ecosystems, sediment plays a unique role in sudden pollution events. On one hand, sediment can adsorb some pollutants, buffering the degree of water pollution to a certain extent; on the other hand, when the aquatic environment changes, the pollutants adsorbed in the sediment may be released back into the water, becoming a secondary source of pollution and further exacerbating the deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem. Remediation of sediment pollution is challenging, and traditional remediation methods are insufficient to effectively address sediment pollution problems caused by sudden pollution events.

[0004] Currently, numerous technologies exist for the remediation of aquatic ecosystems and sediments. However, these technologies have significant limitations when dealing with sudden pollution inputs. Physical remediation methods, such as mechanical dredging, can quickly remove some pollutants from sediments, but they involve large-scale engineering projects, are costly, and can easily cause secondary disturbances to the aquatic ecosystem, damaging benthic habitats. Chemical remediation methods, such as adding chemical agents to promote pollutant decomposition or precipitation, may introduce new chemical substances, posing potential ecological risks, and are unlikely to fundamentally restore the self-regulating function of the aquatic ecosystem. Bioremediation technologies, including the use of aquatic plants and microorganisms to purify water and sediments, effectively purify water through the adsorption, interception, and decomposition effects of microorganisms, plants, and fillers. Compared to physical and chemical methods, bioremediation is more environmentally friendly, reduces ecological damage, and is more suitable for river management. However, bioremediation technologies also have some problems when facing sudden pollution inputs, specifically:

[0005] (1) Insufficient emergency response capabilities. The plants and fillers used in sudden pollution incidents are generally common plant varieties without targeted screening, which leads to the death of plants and microorganisms that cannot adapt to the growth environment. In particular, sudden industrial pollution contains complex pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter, which may directly inhibit microbial activity or cause plant death. In addition to toxic substances, the physical and chemical properties of water (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc.) are also major factors affecting biological activity. Especially in northern regions, the efficiency of microbial degradation is significantly reduced in winter, prolonging the remediation cycle.

[0006] (2) The capacity for treating pollution in the sediment-water linkage is limited. For specific pollution, if the duration is relatively short, the actual treatment process often focuses on the remediation of pollution in the water and pays little attention to the pollution problem in the sediment. After the pollutants settle into the sediment, when the physical and chemical properties of the water body change, the pollutants in the sediment will be released back into the water body, becoming a source of water pollution and causing adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem.

[0007] (3) Difficulty in rebuilding the food chain. Sudden pollution often leads to the death of zooplankton and benthic organisms, resulting in a sharp decline in biodiversity. It is difficult to quickly rebuild the complete food chain by relying solely on microorganisms or plants. It is necessary to artificially introduce animals such as fish and snails to assist in the construction of a complete aquatic ecosystem.

[0008] (4) Environmental compatibility contradictions: Summer typhoons and increased upstream water flow threaten the function of downstream ecosystems. Improving the system's ability to withstand wind and waves in extreme weather and extreme conditions is of great importance to ensuring the long-term operation of the system.

[0009] Based on this, the present invention creates a water ecological restoration method to cope with sudden pollution input. Through the synergistic treatment of bottom sediment and water bodies, it develops efficient, rapid and environmentally friendly water ecological restoration technologies to achieve rapid construction and long-term maintenance of the ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for water ecological restoration in response to sudden pollution input.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives and technical effects, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0012] A method for restoring aquatic ecosystems in response to sudden pollution inputs includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Conduct a water pollution source investigation, identify the pollution source, set up monitoring points on site, determine the critical monitoring points, and calculate the pollution treatment area;

[0014] S2. Subdivide the preliminary pollution treatment measures according to the on-site situation;

[0015] S3. Conduct emergency pollution control;

[0016] S4. Utilize a water ecological restoration system to respond to sudden pollution inputs to achieve rapid water quality improvement;

[0017] S5: Establish a knowledge graph and continuously update case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans, and final results.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S1, the steps of investigating water pollution sources, identifying pollution sources, setting up monitoring points on-site, determining critical monitoring points, and calculating the pollution treatment area include:

[0019] A water pollution source investigation was conducted, obtaining maps and pipeline diagrams of the surrounding water body, water flow direction and velocity, and historical monitoring data to clarify the scope of the pollution investigation and key targets. A comprehensive inspection of sewage outlets was carried out along the water flow direction. After identifying the pollution source, monitoring points were set up on-site. Centered on the sewage outlet, monitoring points were arranged in a fan-shaped / circular pattern outwards in three directions: the direction of water flow, the downwind direction, and the perpendicular direction of water flow. The water quality at the sewage outlet was monitored. Within a certain range of the sewage outlet, a monitoring point was set up at every end in the three directions, and information was recorded and water sample indicators were analyzed and recorded in a timely manner. Using an improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, if the water quality difference between two consecutive monitoring points in the three directions was less than 20%, the monitoring point was identified as a critical monitoring point. The fan-shaped / circular area covered by the three critical monitoring points was calculated as the pollution treatment area.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, for identified point source pollution, such as pipe rupture or pipe not connected to the pipe network, pollution control is carried out through steps S3 and S4, and non-excavation repair technology is used to repair or replace the pipe, or connect the pipe to the pipe network to solve the pollution problem at its source; for identified non-point source pollution, pollution control is carried out through step S4.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S3, the emergency pollution treatment steps include:

[0022] If the sediment below the sewage outlet is severely polluted, dredging should be used to remove the sediment pollution. If the sediment pollution is not severe, microbial agents should be added around the sewage outlet for emergency water body restoration and to accelerate the ecological restoration process. After the microbial agents are added, a database of agent efficacy should be established in a timely manner, the addition parameters should be recorded, and water quality data should be obtained every two days after the addition to create a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map.

[0023] Furthermore, the microbial agent is a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal agents. The mass ratio of the agent needs to be determined by comprehensively considering the wastewater source, pollutant concentration, microbial function, water quality, and water temperature.

[0024] For water quality COD:TN:TP>100:5:1, the ratio of COD-degrading bacteria: ammonia nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total phosphorus-degrading bacteria should be (4-5):(2-2.5):(1.5-2):(1-1.5).

[0025] When the water quality COD:TN:TP < 100:5:1, the ratio of compound biological carbon source:COD degrading bacteria:ammonia nitrogen degrading bacteria:total nitrogen degrading bacteria:total phosphorus degrading bacteria = (1-3): (4-5):(2-2.5):(2.5-3):(1-1.5);

[0026] For water temperatures < 0℃, low-temperature resistant bacterial agents account for more than 50% of all types of bacterial agents;

[0027] For water temperatures above 0℃, low-temperature resistant bacterial agents are not required.

[0028] The total amount of microbial agent added is calculated according to the following formula:

[0029] Q = (C t -C0)*S*h*K

[0030] Where Q is the dosage of the microbial agent, in grams; C t C0 and C0 represent the pollutant concentrations (mg / L) of the raw water sample and natural water body at the sewage outlet, respectively; S represents the pollution treatment area (m²). 2 h represents the water height in meters; K represents the degradation efficiency of the microbial agent.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S4, the water ecological restoration system for responding to sudden pollution input includes a purification and landscaping module, a diverse system construction module, and a water quality maintenance module arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Water quality detection probes are respectively installed in the purification and landscaping module and the diverse system construction module. The water quality detection probes are connected to the client. The water quality maintenance module is in contact with the bottom sediment. Wastewater flows through the purification and landscaping module, the diverse system construction module, and the water quality maintenance module in sequence to rapidly improve water quality before being discharged into natural water bodies.

[0032] Furthermore, the purification and landscaping module includes a core purification zone and an emergency interception zone arranged sequentially from the inside out. The bottoms of the core purification zone and the emergency interception zone are on the same horizontal line and are connected at connection point I. The length and width of the emergency interception zone are 20-100cm longer than those of the core purification zone. The emergency interception zone extends outward by 10-50cm on each side compared to the core purification zone. The emergency interception zone floats on the water surface. A U-shaped lifting hook is provided at connection point I. There are four U-shaped lifting hooks, located at the four connection points I. A soft water pipe is attached to each U-shaped lifting hook, and water injection holes are opened on the soft water pipes. Water is injected into the water injection holes to adjust the weight of the aquatic ecological restoration system and maintain the stability of the system.

[0033] Furthermore, the core purification area has a frame structure. Aquatic plants and filler are installed within the core purification area. Area I, 0-20cm from the top of the core purification area, is the aquatic plant area. Directly below the aquatic plant area is the filler area. The aquatic plants are planted on the filler. The aquatic plants and filler are selected based on water sample test results. If the sewage source is domestic sewage, one or a combination of reeds and cattails are selected as the aquatic plants, and one or a combination of zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock are selected as the filler. If the sewage source is industrial sewage, plants with strong heavy metal adsorption capacity are selected as the aquatic plants, and two or more of activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite are selected as the filler. If the sewage source is surface runoff, two or more of cattails, calamus, and loosestrife are selected as the aquatic plants, and two or more of gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon are selected as the filler. The formula for calculating the number of aquatic plants planted is:

[0034] Q1=V*(C0-Ct)*D / K

[0035] Q = max(Q1, Q2, Q3, ..., Qn)

[0036] Where V represents the treated water volume (L); C0 represents the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); Ct represents the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); and K represents the average nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by several aquatic plants (mg / m³). 2 D represents the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 10-25 plants / m². 2 Q1, Q2, Q3, and Qn represent the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q represents the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted, in plants.

[0037] Furthermore, the diverse system construction module includes submerged plants, fish, and benthic organisms. The submerged plants are placed in a 20-30cm layer of planting soil, with a planting density of 15-25 clumps / m². 2 The release density of benthic organisms is 70-130 g / m³. 2 The diverse system construction module is equipped with hooks at the four corners of its bottom. The hooks are connected to traction ropes. The diverse system construction module is connected to the water quality maintenance module below through the traction ropes. The length of the traction ropes is greater than or equal to (water depth - 50cm). The water quality maintenance module is placed on the polluted bottom sediment through the traction ropes.

[0038] Furthermore, the water quality maintenance module comprises a top layer, a middle layer, and a bottom layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The top layer is made of polyester fiber cotton, the middle layer is a slow-release adsorption material comprising a mixed microbial agent and a filler. The mixed microbial agent is a mixture of nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, and yeast, and the filler is a mixture of shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite. The shale ceramsite, zeolite, calcite, and the mixed microbial agent are added in a certain mass ratio. The bottom layer is made of coconut fiber. Submerged plants are planted on the water quality maintenance module at a planting density of 10-15 clumps / m². 2 .

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] This invention integrates pollution source investigation, preliminary pollution treatment, emergency pollution treatment, ecological governance, and long-term aquatic ecosystem maintenance measures. It comprehensively addresses both sediment and water body pollution, establishing a highly targeted and complete ecological governance technology for sudden pollution. Based on the actual characteristics of the aquatic environment, it establishes a complete food chain for aquatic plants, animals, benthic organisms, and microorganisms. It fully utilizes the space below the sewage outlet to optimize the living environment of various organisms, creating a rich biological community structure, enriching the aquatic ecosystem, restoring damaged natural aquatic ecosystems, and improving the system's biodiversity. This achieves continuous water quality improvement, long-term maintenance of ecological effects, and ecosystem stability.

[0041] This invention establishes for the first time a three-dimensional food chain of biodiversity abundance, restoring water bodies damaged by sudden pollution inputs, ensuring the continuous stability of the ecosystem, and maintaining the continuous and stable achievement of ecological environment standards.

[0042] This invention optimizes the ecological structure of the system by taking into account factors such as water flow size and wave size, combined with the system's stability performance. By adding a buoyancy regulation system inside the system, it effectively resists typhoons and large waves, improves the system's ability to cope with natural disasters, and increases the system's service life.

[0043] This invention enables real-time tracking of governance effects, dynamic adjustments using ecological technologies, and establishes a core technology for closed-loop management of "governance-monitoring-optimization," thereby improving the system's continuous self-updating, self-optimizing, and end-to-end support capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a sampling point diagram of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rapid repair device according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 AA cross-section view;

[0047] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of a rapid repair device according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a top view of a rapid repair device according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the frame-type metal interception net of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the water quality maintenance module of the present invention;

[0051] The components include: 1. Sewage outlet; 2. Monitoring point; 3. Aquatic ecological restoration system for responding to sudden pollution input; 4. Floating block; 5. Framed metal interception net; 6. Metal interception net; 7. Emergency interception zone; 8. Core purification zone; 9. Zone I; 10. Zone II; 11. Hole; 12. Buoyancy adjustment system; 13. Connection point I; 14. U-shaped lifting hook; 15. Purification and landscaping module; 16. Diverse system construction module; 17. Water quality maintenance module; 18. Filler area; 19. Aquatic plants; 20. Filler; 21. Submerged plants; 22. Fish; 23. Benthic organisms; 24. Hook; 25. Traction rope; 26. Surface layer; 27. Middle layer; 28. Bottom layer; 29. ​​Solar panel; 30. Battery; 31. Water quality detection probe. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will now be described in detail so that its advantages and features can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer and more explicit definition of the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] The following provides a brief overview of one or more aspects to offer a basic understanding of them. This overview is not an exhaustive summary of all conceived aspects, nor is it intended to identify key or decisive elements of all aspects, nor to define the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form to prepare for the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0054] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a method for water ecological restoration in response to sudden pollution input includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. Conduct a water pollution source investigation, obtain surrounding maps and pipeline diagrams, hydrological data such as water flow direction and velocity, and historical monitoring data to clarify the pollution investigation scope and key targets. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of sewage outlet 1 along the water flow direction. After identifying the pollution source, set up spectral monitoring points on-site. Centered on sewage outlet 1, set up points in a fan-shaped / circular pattern in three directions: water flow direction, downwind direction, and perpendicular to water flow to monitor the water quality at the sewage outlet. Set up a monitoring point 2 at intervals in the three directions and record information (location, latitude and longitude, water depth, etc.). Analyze and record indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, and dissolved oxygen in the water sample in a timely manner. Using an improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, if the water quality difference between two consecutive monitoring points 2 is less than a preset value (such as 20%) in the three directions, the monitoring point is identified as a critical monitoring point. The fan-shaped / circular area covered by the three critical monitoring points is calculated as the pollution treatment area S.

[0056] S2. Develop preliminary treatment measures, and further refine these measures based on the on-site situation:

[0057] For identified point source pollution, such as pipeline leaks or connection problems that lead to direct discharge of pollutants into water bodies, steps S3-S4 should be prioritized for pollution control, and trenchless repair technology should be used to repair or replace pipelines, or connect pipelines to the network to solve the pollution problem at its source.

[0058] For identified non-point source pollution, including urban stormwater and sewage pipe network inlets, pollution control is carried out through step S4;

[0059] S3. Conduct emergency pollution control:

[0060] If the sediment below the sewage outlet is severely polluted, dredging should be used to remove the pollution. If the sediment pollution is not severe, a microbial agent should be added around the sewage outlet. This microbial agent is a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal agents, used for emergency water body restoration and to accelerate the ecological recovery process. The proportion of the agent should be determined by comprehensively considering the source of the sewage, pollutant concentration, microbial function, water quality, and water temperature.

[0061] For water quality COD:TN:TP>100:5:1, the ratio of COD-degrading bacteria: ammonia nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total phosphorus-degrading bacteria should be (4-5):(2-2.5):(1.5-2):(1-1.5).

[0062] When the water quality COD:TN:TP < 100:5:1, the ratio of compound biological carbon source:COD degrading bacteria:ammonia nitrogen degrading bacteria:total nitrogen degrading bacteria:total phosphorus degrading bacteria = (1-3): (4-5):(2-2.5):(2.5-3):(1-1.5);

[0063] For water temperatures < 0℃, low-temperature resistant bacterial agents should account for more than 50% of all types of bacterial agents. For water temperatures > 0℃, low-temperature resistant bacterial agents may not be added.

[0064] The total amount of microbial agent added is calculated according to the following formula:

[0065] Q = (C t -C0)*S*h*K

[0066] Where Q is the dosage of the microbial agent, in grams; C t C0 and C0 represent the pollutant concentrations (mg / L) of the raw water sample and natural water body at the sewage outlet, respectively; S represents the pollution treatment area (m²). 2 h is the water height in meters; K is the degradation efficiency of the microbial agent.

[0067] After the microbial agent is added, a database of agent efficacy is established in a timely manner, the addition parameters are recorded, and water quality data is obtained every two days after the addition using a handheld spectrometer to establish a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map.

[0068] S4. Conduct ecological restoration: Achieve rapid improvement in water quality through the water ecological restoration system 3 to cope with sudden pollution input;

[0069] The water ecological restoration system 3 designed to respond to sudden pollution input is a one-piece molded design. The top 20cm of the system has a double-layer structure, with the inner layer being the core purification zone 8 and the outer layer being the emergency interception zone 7. The bottoms of the core purification zone 8 and the emergency interception zone 7 are on the same horizontal line and are connected at connection point I13. The core purification zone 8 and the part of the system below 20cm are in the same vertical direction, that is, the core purification zone 8 and the part of the system below 20cm are an integrated cuboid structure. The top 20cm is evenly distributed with holes 11 for water permeability, while the bottom 20cm has no holes. The length and width of the emergency interception zone 7 are 20-100cm longer than the length and width of the core purification zone 8, that is, the emergency interception zone 7 is 10-50cm wider on each side than the core purification zone 8. The specific value is determined according to the discharge outlet flow rate, the continuity of sewage, and the wind speed and water flow velocity. The emergency interception zone 7 floats on the water surface, so its material is a floating material such as PVC.

[0070] The working mechanism of the water ecological restoration system 3 for responding to sudden pollution input is as follows: The water ecological restoration system 3 for responding to sudden pollution input includes three modules arranged sequentially from top to bottom: purification and landscaping module 15, diverse system construction module 16, and water quality maintenance module 17. Among them, the height of the diverse system construction module 16 is 30-40cm, and the water quality maintenance module 17 is in contact with the bottom sediment. In order to improve the system's ability to resist wind and waves, a buoyancy adjustment system 12 is designed. The outer floating block 4 is used to ensure the buoyancy of the system. At the same time, for some areas with large water volume, water waves, and wind waves, the system has a large buoyancy and instability. The buoyancy adjustment is achieved as follows: a U-shaped lifting hook 14 is fixed at the connection point I13. There are multiple U-shaped lifting hooks 14. There is a circle of soft water pipe on the U-shaped lifting hook 14. There is a water injection hole that can be opened and closed on the soft water pipe. By pouring an appropriate amount of water into the water injection hole, the weight of the system is adjusted, and the stability of the system is maintained under adverse conditions such as wind and waves. The purification and landscaping module 15 includes a core purification zone 8 and an emergency interception zone 7 arranged sequentially from the inside out. The inner layer is the core purification zone 8, and the outer layer is the emergency interception zone 7. The emergency interception zone consists of a frame-type metal mesh 5 placed within the emergency interception zone 7, slightly smaller than the outer emergency interception zone 7 to ensure easy removal and replacement. The emergency interception zone 7 contains an emergency conditioning pack containing activated carbon, zeolite, and volcanic rock in a weight ratio of 1-2:2-3:1. The core purification zone 8 includes aquatic plants 19 and filler 20. The core purification zone 8 has a frame structure, with a U-shaped structure extending from its upper edge that is embedded within the internal structure and thus fixed within the core purification zone. The top 0-20cm of the four surfaces (left, right, front, and back) of the purification and landscaping module is made of metal mesh 6, while the top 20-50cm is a sealed plastic structure. The bottom of the core purification zone is also made of metal mesh. In the core purification zone, area I9, 0-20cm from the top, is designated as the aquatic plant area. Directly below this area (0-30cm away) is the packing material area, where aquatic plants 19 are planted on packing material 20. Aquatic plants 19 and packing material 20 are selected based on water sample testing results, establishing seven common aquatic plant species. If the sewage source at the discharge outlet is domestic sewage, reeds and cattails are chosen for aquatic plants 19, and zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock are chosen for packing material 20. If the sewage source at the discharge outlet is industrial wastewater, aquatic plants... Plant 19 should be selected from two or more of the following plants with strong heavy metal adsorption capacity: vetiver, houttuynia cordata, cattail, calamus, and reed. Filler 20 should be selected from two or more of the following: activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite. If the sewage source is surface runoff, aquatic plant 19 should be selected from two or more of the following: cattail, calamus, and loosestrife. Filler 20 should be selected from two or more of the following: gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon. An optimal plant configuration model should be established, and the formula for calculating the number of aquatic plants planted is as follows:

[0071] Q1=V*(C0-Ct)*D / K

[0072] Q = max(Q1, Q2, Q3, ..., Qn)

[0073] Where V represents the treated water volume (L); C0 represents the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); Ct represents the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); and K represents the average nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by several aquatic plants (mg / m³). 2 D represents the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 10-25 plants / m². 2 Q1, Q2, Q3, and Qn represent the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q represents the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted, in plants.

[0074] After passing through the purification and landscaping module 15, the wastewater flows out through the metal interception net below the purification and landscaping module 15 into the diverse system construction module 16. The diverse system construction module 16 includes submerged plants 21, fish 22, and benthic organisms 23. Area II 10 is the submerged plant area, with the submerged plant planting area accounting for 40%-60% of the system's area. There is 20-30cm of planting soil under the submerged plants 21. The preferred submerged plants 21 are two or more species such as Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton malaianus, and Myriophyllum spicatum. The planting density of submerged plants is selected as 15-25 clumps / m². 2 The preferred fish species are two or more of the following: filter-feeding fish such as silver carp and bighead carp; carnivorous fish such as yellow catfish and snakehead; and herbivorous fish such as blunt snout bream. The stocking density of silver carp and bighead carp is 30-55 g / m³. 2 The stocking density of snakehead fish is 2-8 g / m³. 2 The stocking density of blunt snout bream is 10-25 g / m³. 2 Benthic organism 23 consisted of two or more of the following: toothless mussels, spiracles, and river clams, with a stocking density of 70-130 g / m³. 2 After passing through the multi-system building module 16, the water flows out from the pipe below the multi-system building module 16 into the natural water body;

[0075] There are four hooks 24 at the four corners of the bottom of the multi-system construction module 16. The hooks 24 are connected to the traction ropes 25, which are connected to the water quality maintenance module 17 below. The length of the traction ropes 25 should not be less than (water depth - 50cm). The water quality maintenance module 17 is placed on the polluted bottom sediment by means of the traction ropes 25. The traction ropes 25 can be used to ensure that the water quality maintenance module 17 is placed on the bottom sediment at any time according to the distance between the multi-system and the bottom sediment. The surface layer 26 of the water quality maintenance module 17 is made of polyester fiber cotton, the middle layer 27 is made of slow-release adsorption material, and the bottom layer 28 is made of coconut fiber. The slow-release adsorption material is a packing system of mixed microbial agents. The preferred packing material here is shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite. The mixed microbial agents are a mixture of nitrifying bacteria: Bacillus: yeast = 2:1:1. The shale ceramsite, zeolite, calcite, and mixed microbial agents are added in a ratio of 2:1:2:0.05 (mass ratio). A row of planting holes is dug on the water quality maintenance module 17 for planting two of the following submerged plants 21: Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Potamogeton pectinatus. The planting density is 10-15 clumps / m². 2 This is an emergency treatment measure for natural water bodies to prevent the release of bottom sediment pollution and its impact on the water quality of natural water bodies;

[0076] There are two water quality detection probes 31 in the purification and landscaping module 15. One of them is located in the emergency interception area 8, and the other is located in the multi-system construction module 16. There are batteries 30 and solar panels 29 on both sides of the emergency interception area 7 to power the water quality monitoring probe equipment. The probe data is transmitted to the client in real time to monitor the water quality in real time.

[0077] In practical operation, ecological restoration technology utilizes data such as the density, initial concentration, daily concentration, target concentration, type, and restoration cycle of ecological treatment units to form an ecological treatment case dataset.

[0078] S5: Based on the multidimensional data generated in steps S1-S4, establish a knowledge graph, rolling out case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans, and final results to achieve knowledge storage and visualization. The purpose of this step is to systematically integrate fragmented ecological governance parameters into a knowledge graph with spatiotemporal annotation, domain semantics, and causal relationships, providing structured knowledge support for subsequent water environment improvement plans. Existing graph construction methods can be used to achieve knowledge storage and visualization, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0079] Example 1

[0080] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a method for water ecological restoration in response to sudden pollution input includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. Conduct a water pollution source investigation, obtain surrounding maps and pipeline diagrams, hydrological data such as water flow direction and velocity, and historical monitoring data to clarify the pollution investigation scope and key targets. Conduct a thorough inspection of sewage outlet 1 along the water flow direction. After identifying the pollution source, set up spectral monitoring points on-site. Centered on sewage outlet 1, set up points in a fan-shaped / circular pattern outwards in three directions: water flow direction, downwind direction, and perpendicular to water flow. Monitor the water quality at the sewage outlet. Within a 50-meter radius of the sewage outlet, set up a monitoring point 2 every 10 meters in each of the three directions. A total of 15 monitoring points were set up, with one monitoring point 2 every 50 meters in three directions, located more than 50 meters away from the sewage outlet. Information (location, latitude and longitude, water depth, etc.) was recorded, and water samples were analyzed and recorded in a timely manner for indicators such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Using an improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, if the water quality difference between two consecutive monitoring points 2 in the three directions is less than 20%, the monitoring point is identified as a critical monitoring point. The fan-shaped / circular area covered by the three critical monitoring points is calculated as the pollution treatment area S.

[0082] S2. Develop preliminary treatment measures, and further refine these measures based on the on-site situation:

[0083] For identified point source pollution, such as pipeline leaks or connection problems that lead to direct discharge of pollutants into water bodies, steps S3-S4 should be prioritized for pollution control, and trenchless repair technology should be used to repair or replace pipelines, or connect pipelines to the network to solve the pollution problem at its source.

[0084] For identified non-point source pollution, including urban stormwater and sewage pipe network inlets, pollution control is carried out through step S4;

[0085] S3. Conduct emergency pollution control:

[0086] If the sediment below the sewage outlet is severely polluted, dredging should be used to remove the pollution. If the sediment pollution is not severe, a microbial agent should be added around the sewage outlet. This microbial agent is a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal agents, used for emergency water body restoration and to accelerate the ecological recovery process. The ratio of the microbial agent should be determined by comprehensively considering the source of the sewage, pollutant concentration, microbial function, water quality, and water temperature. For water quality COD:TN:TP > 100:5: 1. The ratio of COD-degrading bacteria: ammonia nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total phosphorus-degrading bacteria should be 4:2:2:1. When the water quality COD:TN:TP < 100:5:1, the ratio of compound biological carbon source: COD-degrading bacteria: ammonia nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total phosphorus-degrading bacteria should be 1:4:2:3:1. For water temperatures < 0℃, the proportion of low-temperature resistant bacteria in various types of bacterial agents should be above 50%. For water temperatures above 0℃, low-temperature resistant bacteria can be omitted. The total amount of bacterial agents added should be calculated according to the following formula:

[0087] Q = (C t-C0)*S*h*K

[0088] Where Q is the dosage of the microbial agent, in grams; C t C0 and C0 represent the pollutant concentrations (mg / L) of the raw water sample and natural water body at the sewage outlet, respectively; S represents the pollution treatment area (m²). 2 h is the water height in meters; K is the degradation efficiency of the microbial agent.

[0089] After the microbial agent is added, a database of agent efficacy is established in a timely manner, the addition parameters are recorded, and water quality data is obtained every two days after the addition using a handheld spectrometer to establish a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map.

[0090] S4. Conduct ecological restoration: Achieve rapid improvement in water quality through the water ecological restoration system 3 to cope with sudden pollution input;

[0091] The water ecological restoration system 3 designed to respond to sudden pollution input is a one-piece molded design. The top 20cm of the system has a double-layer structure, with the inner layer being the core purification zone 8 and the outer layer being the emergency interception zone 7. The bottoms of the core purification zone 8 and the emergency interception zone 7 are on the same horizontal line and are connected at connection point I13. The core purification zone 8 and the part of the system below 20cm are in the same vertical direction, that is, the core purification zone 8 and the part of the system below 20cm are an integrated cuboid structure. The top 20cm is evenly distributed with holes 11 for water permeability, while the bottom 20cm has no holes. The length and width of the emergency interception zone 7 are both 50cm longer than the length and width of the core purification zone 8, that is, the emergency interception zone 7 is 40cm wider on each side than the core purification zone 8. The specific dimensions are determined based on the discharge volume of the sewage outlet, the continuity of sewage, and the wind speed and water flow velocity. The emergency interception zone 7 floats on the water surface, so its material is floating PVC.

[0092] The working mechanism of the water ecological restoration system 3 for responding to sudden pollution input is as follows: The water ecological restoration system 3 for responding to sudden pollution input includes three modules arranged sequentially from top to bottom: purification and landscaping module 15, diverse system construction module 16, and water quality maintenance module 17. Among them, the height of purification and landscaping module 15 is 20cm, the height of diverse system construction module 16 is 30cm, and the water quality maintenance module 17 is in contact with the bottom sediment. In order to improve the system's ability to resist wind and waves, a buoyancy adjustment system 12 is designed. The outer floating block 4 is used to ensure the buoyancy of the system. At the same time, for some areas with large water volume, water waves, and wind waves, the system has a large buoyancy and instability. The buoyancy adjustment is achieved as follows: U-shaped lifting hooks 14 are fixed at connection point I 13. There are four U-shaped lifting hooks 14, which are located at the four connection points I 13. There is a soft water pipe on the U-shaped lifting hook 14. There is a water injection hole that can be opened and closed on the soft water pipe. By pouring an appropriate amount of water into the water injection hole, the weight of the system is adjusted, and the stability of the system under adverse conditions such as wind and waves is maintained. The purification and landscaping module 15 includes a core purification zone 8 and an emergency interception zone 7 arranged sequentially from the inside out. The inner layer is the core purification zone 8, and the outer layer is the emergency interception zone 7. The emergency interception zone consists of a frame-type metal mesh 5 placed within the emergency interception zone 7, slightly smaller than the outer emergency interception zone 7 to ensure easy removal and replacement. The emergency interception zone 7 contains an emergency conditioning pack containing activated carbon, zeolite, and volcanic rock in a 1:2:1 weight ratio. The core purification zone 8 includes aquatic plants 19 and filler 20. The core purification zone 8 has a frame structure, with a U-shaped structure extending from its upper edge that is embedded within the internal structure and thus secured within the core purification zone. The top 0-20cm of the four surfaces (left, right, front, and back) of the purification and landscaping module is made of metal mesh 6, while the 20-50cm section is a sealed plastic structure. The bottom of the core purification zone is also made of metal mesh. In the core purification zone, area I9, 0-20cm from the top, is designated as the aquatic plant area. Directly below this area (0-30cm away) is the packing material area, where aquatic plants 19 are planted on packing material 20. Aquatic plants 19 and packing material 20 are selected based on water sample testing results, establishing seven common aquatic plant species. If the sewage source at the discharge outlet is domestic sewage, reeds and cattails are chosen for aquatic plants 19, and zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock are chosen for packing material 20. If the sewage source at the discharge outlet is industrial wastewater, aquatic plants... Plant 19 should be selected from two or more of the following plants with strong heavy metal adsorption capacity: vetiver, houttuynia cordata, cattail, calamus, and reed. Filler 20 should be selected from two or more of the following: activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite. If the sewage source is surface runoff, aquatic plant 19 should be selected from two or more of the following: cattail, calamus, and loosestrife. Filler 20 should be selected from two or more of the following: gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon. An optimal plant configuration model should be established, and the formula for calculating the number of aquatic plants planted is as follows:

[0093] Q1=V*(C0-Ct)*D / K

[0094] Q = max(Q1, Q2, Q3, ..., Qn)

[0095] Where V represents the treated water volume (L); C0 represents the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); Ct represents the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); and K represents the average nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by several aquatic plants (mg / m³). 2 D represents the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 15 plants / m². 2 Q1, Q2, Q3, and Qn represent the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q represents the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted, in plants.

[0096] After passing through the purification and landscaping module 15, the wastewater flows out through the metal interception net below the purification and landscaping module 15 into the diverse system construction module 16. The diverse system construction module 16 includes submerged plants 21, fish 22, and benthic organisms 23. Area II 10 is the submerged plant area, with the submerged plant planting area accounting for 50% of the system's area. There is 30cm of planting soil under the submerged plants 21. The preferred submerged plants 21 are two or more species such as Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton malaianus, and Myriophyllum spicatum. The planting density of the submerged plants is selected as 15 clumps / m². 2 The preferred fish species are two or more of the following: filter-feeding fish such as silver carp and bighead carp; carnivorous fish such as yellow catfish and snakehead; and herbivorous fish such as blunt snout bream. The stocking density of silver carp and bighead carp is 30 g / m³. 2 The stocking density of snakehead fish was 2 g / m³. 2 The stocking density of blunt snout bream was 10 g / m³. 2 Benthic organism 23 consisted of two or more of the following: toothless mussels, spiracles, and river clams, with a stocking density of 70 g / m³. 2 After passing through the multi-system building module 16, the water flows out from the pipe below the multi-system building module 16 into the natural water body;

[0097] There are four hooks 24 at the four corners of the bottom of the multi-system construction module 16. The hooks 24 are connected to the traction ropes 25, which are connected to the water quality maintenance module 17 below. The length of the traction ropes 25 should not be less than (water depth - 50cm). The water quality maintenance module 17 is placed on the polluted bottom sediment by means of the traction ropes 25. The traction ropes 25 can be used to ensure that the water quality maintenance module 17 is placed on the bottom sediment at any time according to the distance between the multi-system and the bottom sediment. The surface layer 26 of the water quality maintenance module 17 is made of polyester fiber cotton, the middle layer 27 is made of slow-release adsorption material, and the bottom layer 28 is made of coconut fiber. The slow-release adsorption material is a packing system of mixed microbial agents. The preferred packing material here is shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite. The mixed microbial agents are a mixture of nitrifying bacteria: Bacillus: yeast = 2:1:1. The shale ceramsite, zeolite, calcite, and mixed microbial agents are added in a ratio of 2:1:2:0.05 (mass ratio). A row of planting holes is dug on the water quality maintenance module 17 for planting two of the following submerged plants 21: Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Potamogeton pectinatus. The planting density is 10 clumps / m². 2 This is an emergency treatment measure for natural water bodies to prevent the release of bottom sediment pollution and its impact on the water quality of natural water bodies;

[0098] There are two water quality detection probes 31 in the purification and landscaping module 15. One of them is located in the emergency interception area 8, and the other is located in the multi-system construction module 16. There are batteries 30 and solar panels 29 on both sides of the emergency interception area 7 to power the water quality monitoring probe equipment. The probe data is transmitted to the client in real time to monitor the water quality in real time.

[0099] In practical operation, ecological restoration technology utilizes data such as the density, initial concentration, daily concentration, target concentration, type, and restoration cycle of ecological treatment units to form an ecological treatment case dataset.

[0100] S5: Based on the multidimensional data generated in steps S1-S4, establish a knowledge graph, rolling out case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans, and final results to achieve knowledge storage and visualization. The purpose of this step is to systematically integrate fragmented ecological governance parameters into a knowledge graph with spatiotemporal annotation, domain semantics, and causal relationships, providing structured knowledge support for subsequent water environment improvement plans. Existing graph construction methods can be used to achieve knowledge storage and visualization, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0101] Any parts or structures not specifically described in this invention can be made using existing technologies or products, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0102] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for water ecological restoration in response to sudden pollution input, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Conduct a water pollution source investigation, identify the pollution source, set up monitoring points on site, determine the critical monitoring points, and calculate the pollution treatment area; S2. Subdivide the preliminary pollution treatment measures according to the on-site situation; S3. Conduct emergency pollution treatment; S4. Utilize a water ecological restoration system to respond to sudden pollution inputs to achieve rapid water quality improvement; S5: Establish a knowledge graph and continuously update case data, emergency plans, ecological treatment plans, and final results; Step S1 involves investigating water pollution sources, identifying pollution sources, setting up monitoring points on-site, determining critical monitoring points, and calculating the pollution treatment area. The steps include: A water pollution source investigation was conducted, obtaining maps and pipeline diagrams of the surrounding water body, water flow direction and velocity, and historical monitoring data to clarify the scope of the pollution investigation and key targets. A comprehensive inspection of sewage outlets was carried out along the water flow direction. After identifying the pollution source, monitoring points were set up on-site. Centered on the sewage outlet, monitoring points were arranged in a fan-shaped / circular pattern in three directions: water flow direction, downwind direction, and perpendicular to water flow. The water quality at the sewage outlet was monitored. Within a certain range of the sewage outlet, a monitoring point was set up at regular intervals in the three directions, and information was recorded and water sample indicators were analyzed and recorded in a timely manner. Using an improved Kriging interpolation algorithm, if the water quality difference between two consecutive monitoring points in the three directions was less than 20%, the monitoring point was identified as a critical monitoring point. The fan-shaped / circular area covered by the critical monitoring points in the three directions was calculated as the pollution treatment area. In step S2, for identified point source pollution, pollution control is carried out through steps S3 and S4, and trenchless repair technology is used to repair or replace pipelines, or connect pipelines to the pipeline network to solve the pollution problem at its source; for identified non-point source pollution, pollution control is carried out through step S4. Step S3, the emergency pollution treatment steps include: If the bottom sediment below the sewage outlet is severely polluted, dredging should be used to remove the pollution. If the bottom sediment is not severely polluted, microbial agents should be added around the sewage outlet for emergency water body restoration and to accelerate the ecological restoration process. After the microbial agents are added, a database of agent efficacy should be established in a timely manner, the addition parameters should be recorded, and water quality data should be obtained every two days after the addition to establish a two-dimensional pollutant distribution cloud map. In step S4, the water ecological restoration system for responding to sudden pollution input includes a purification and landscaping module, a diverse system construction module, and a water quality maintenance module arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Water quality detection probes are installed in the purification and landscaping module and the diverse system construction module, respectively. The water quality detection probes are connected to the client. The water quality maintenance module is in contact with the bottom sediment. Wastewater flows through the purification and landscaping module, the diverse system construction module, and the water quality maintenance module in sequence to rapidly improve water quality before being discharged into natural water bodies. The microbial agent is a mixture of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal agents. The mass ratio of the agent needs to be determined by comprehensively considering the source of wastewater, pollutant concentration, microbial function, water quality, and water temperature. For water quality COD:TN:TP>100:5:1, the ratio of COD-degrading bacteria: ammonia nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total nitrogen-degrading bacteria: total phosphorus-degrading bacteria should be (4-5):(2-2.5):(1.5-2):(1-1.5). When the water quality COD:TN:TP < 100:5:1, the ratio of compound biological carbon source:COD degrading bacteria:ammonia nitrogen degrading bacteria:total nitrogen degrading bacteria:total phosphorus degrading bacteria = (1-3): (4-5):(2-2.5):(2.5-3):(1-1.5); For water temperatures < 0℃, low-temperature resistant bacterial agents account for more than 50% of all types of bacterial agents; For water temperatures above 0℃, do not add low-temperature resistant bacterial agents; The total amount of microbial agent added is calculated according to the following formula: Q=(C t -C0)*S*h*K; Where Q is the dosage of the microbial agent, in grams; C t C0 and C0 represent the pollutant concentrations (mg / L) of the raw water sample and natural water body at the sewage outlet, respectively; S represents the pollution treatment area (m²). 2 h is the water height in meters; K is the degradation efficiency of the microbial agent. The purification and landscaping module includes a core purification zone and an emergency interception zone arranged sequentially from the inside out. The bottoms of the core purification zone and the emergency interception zone are on the same horizontal line and are connected at connection point I. The length and width of the emergency interception zone are 20-100cm longer than the length and width of the core purification zone. The emergency interception zone is 10-50cm wider on each side than the core purification zone. The emergency interception zone floats on the water surface. A U-shaped lifting hook is provided at connection point I. There are four U-shaped lifting hooks in total, located at the four connection points I. A soft water pipe is wrapped around each U-shaped lifting hook. Water injection holes are opened on the soft water pipes. Water is injected into the water injection holes to adjust the weight of the aquatic ecological restoration system and maintain the stability of the system. The core purification area has a frame structure. Aquatic plants and filler are placed within the core purification area. Area I, 0-20cm from the top of the core purification area, is the aquatic plant area. Directly below the aquatic plant area is the filler area. The aquatic plants are planted on the filler. The aquatic plants and filler are selected based on water sample test results. If the sewage source is domestic sewage, one or a combination of two of the following aquatic plants are selected: reeds and cattails. The filler is one or a combination of one or more of the following: zeolite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock. If the sewage source is industrial sewage, plants with strong heavy metal adsorption capacity are selected. The filler is two or more of the following: activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, and ceramsite. If the sewage source is surface runoff, two or more of the following aquatic plants are selected: cattails, sweet flag, and loosestrife. The filler is two or more of the following: gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, and activated carbon. The formula for calculating the number of aquatic plants planted is: Q1 = V * (C0 - Ct) * D / K; Q=max(Q1,Q2,Q3...,Qn); Where V represents the treated water volume (L); C0 represents the initial concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); Ct represents the target concentration of one of the pollution indicators (mg / L); and K represents the average nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by several aquatic plants (mg / m³). 2 D represents the planting density of aquatic plants, which is 10-25 plants / m². 2 Q1, Q2, Q3, and Qn represent the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted under one of the pollution indicators, in plants; Q represents the maximum number of aquatic plants that can be planted, in plants. The diverse system construction module includes submerged plants, fish, and benthic organisms. The submerged plants are placed in 20-30cm of planting soil, with a planting density of 15-25 clumps / m². 2 The release density of benthic organisms is 70-130 g / m³. 2 The diverse system construction module is equipped with hooks at the four corners of its bottom. The hooks are connected to traction ropes. The diverse system construction module is connected to the water quality maintenance module below through the traction ropes. The length of the traction rope is greater than or equal to (water depth - 50cm). The water quality maintenance module is placed on the polluted bottom sediment through the traction ropes. The water quality maintenance module comprises a top layer, a middle layer, and a bottom layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The top layer is made of polyester fiber cotton. The middle layer is a slow-release adsorption material, which includes a mixed microbial agent and a filler. The mixed microbial agent is a mixture of nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, and yeast. The filler is a mixture of shale ceramsite, zeolite, and calcite, added in a certain mass ratio. The bottom layer is made of coconut fiber. Submerged plants are planted on the water quality maintenance module at a planting density of 10-15 clumps / m². 2 .

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