Tunnel transverse passage emergency evacuation system and evacuation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel fire prevention and control, and particularly discloses a tunnel transverse passage emergency evacuation system and an evacuation method.The tunnel transverse passage emergency evacuation system comprises a transverse passage, an air curtain generation device, a water curtain generation device, a smoke-sensing fire detector, an escape indicator light and a fresh air device.The transverse passage is connected with a tunnel left line and a tunnel right line; air curtain generating devices and water curtain generating devices are arranged at the tops of the two sides of the middle section of the transverse channel and used for generating air curtains and water curtains, smoke fire detectors are arranged at the adjacent positions of the left front chamber and the right front chamber of the transverse channel and the main line of the tunnel, and a fresh air device is arranged at the top of the middle section of the transverse channel. The evacuation function of the transverse channel is improved, smoke diffusion can be effectively blocked by introducing the air curtain and water curtain generation device, and a relatively safe evacuation channel is provided for personnel in the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of tunnel fires, and specifically relates to a tunnel cross-passage emergency evacuation system and evacuation method. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the transportation network, the safety of tunnels has always been a key concern in the field of public safety. Especially in emergency situations such as fires, the evacuation safety in tunnels is particularly important. Currently, the design of tunnels usually includes cross-passages to connect the left and right lines of the tunnel. These cross-passages are used for maintenance and repair under non-emergency conditions and as evacuation channels in emergency situations. However, although the setting of cross-passages provides the possibility of personnel evacuation in theory, there are still many deficiencies in the existing technology in actual operation.

[0003] In the design of traditional tunnel cross-passages, although fire doors are usually set to isolate flames and high temperatures, these measures have limited effects on smoke control and guidance for personnel evacuation. Existing systems often do not fully consider the characteristics of rapid smoke diffusion and the actual behavior patterns of people in emergency situations. Although fire doors can block flames and heat to a certain extent, their blocking effect on smoke, especially toxic gases, is limited, and once closed, the escape routes of people will be severely restricted. In addition, traditional systems lack effective intelligent sensing and control mechanisms and cannot respond in real time to complex situations during a fire, such as the rapid diffusion of smoke and changes in crowded areas. Such static safety measures cannot effectively adapt to the dynamic changes in emergency situations, making the evacuation process lack the necessary flexibility and pertinence, thus reducing the efficiency and safety of evacuation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above defects or requirements for improvement in the existing technical solutions, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel cross-passage emergency evacuation system and method, aiming to solve the obvious deficiencies in the design and function of the existing tunnel cross-passage emergency evacuation system, and propose a more intelligent and adaptive solution to improve the evacuation efficiency and personnel safety in tunnels in emergency situations.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A tunnel cross-passage emergency evacuation system includes a cross-passage, an air curtain generating device, a water curtain generating device, a smoke detector, an escape indicator light, and a fresh air device. The cross-passage connects the left tunnel line and the right tunnel line. A left front chamber of the cross-passage, a middle section of the cross-passage, and a right front chamber of the cross-passage are sequentially arranged between the left tunnel line and the right tunnel line. An air curtain generating device and a water curtain generating device are arranged at the tops on both sides of the middle section of the cross-passage. The air curtain generating device includes a plurality of air curtain electric control nozzles evenly arranged for generating an air curtain. The water curtain generating device includes a plurality of water curtain electric control nozzles evenly arranged for generating a water curtain. The smoke detector is arranged at the adjacent positions of the left front chamber of the cross-passage and the right front chamber of the cross-passage and the main tunnel line. The fresh air device is arranged at the top of the middle section of the cross-passage.

[0006] The present invention mainly includes the structural design of the cross-passage, the setting of the air curtain and water curtain generating devices, the deployment of the smoke detector and the escape indicator light, and the configuration of the fresh air device. While providing physical isolation (through the air curtain and water curtain), this emergency evacuation system also considers the control of air quality, the early detection of smoke and fire, and the guidance of the evacuation behavior of personnel. These measures together constitute a comprehensive safety protection system, aiming to maximize the protection of personnel safety in emergency situations and improve the evacuation effect.

[0007] Preferably, it further includes a control unit. The smoke detector is connected to the control unit. The control unit controls the opening and closing of the air curtain generating device and the water curtain generating device according to the smoke concentration detected by the smoke detector.

[0008] Preferably, it further includes a personnel detection sensor arranged at the adjacent positions of the left front chamber of the cross-passage and the right front chamber of the cross-passage and the main tunnel line for detecting whether there is personnel passing through. The personnel detection sensor is connected to the control unit.

[0009] Preferably, the fresh air device includes an air duct and a fan. The rotation speed of the fan is adjustable. The control unit controls the operation of the fresh air device according to the personnel passing information detected by the personnel detection sensor.

[0010] Preferably, a water curtain-air curtain-air curtain structure is formed on both sides of the middle section of the cross-passage.

[0011] Preferably, the air curtain electric control nozzles and the water curtain electric control nozzles are respectively controlled by independent solenoid valves to control the flow rate.

[0012] The present invention also discloses an evacuation method based on the above tunnel cross-passage emergency evacuation system, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0013] S1: When the smoke detector detects smoke, it sends a signal to the control unit;

[0014] S2: When the personnel detection sensor detects personnel information, it sends a signal to the control unit;

[0015] S3: The control unit controls the opening and closing of the emergency exit indicator light, the water curtain - air curtain - air curtain structure, and the fresh air device based on the smoke concentration and personnel information.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, when the smoke concentration exceeds the first threshold, the control unit controls the emergency exit indicator light to turn on and the air curtain to open; when the smoke concentration exceeds the second threshold, the control unit controls the water curtain to open, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the personnel information includes the number of personnel. When personnel are detected, the fan is turned on, and when the number of personnel exceeds the set number, the fan speed is increased.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes step S4. When the smoke concentration exceeds the second threshold and the number of personnel exceeds the set number, the control unit sends control information to the fire doors in the cross - passage.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] The present invention provides a tunnel cross - passage emergency evacuation system and its evacuation method. By integrating advanced sensing, control, and regulation technologies, the system significantly improves the deficiencies of traditional tunnel evacuation systems. By introducing air curtain and water curtain generating devices, the present invention can effectively block the diffusion of smoke, flames, and toxic gases, providing a relatively safe evacuation passage for the personnel in the tunnel. Compared with traditional static protection measures, this dynamic protection method can significantly improve the evacuation efficiency and safety of personnel. The smoke detector and personnel detection sensor can real - time monitor the fire situation and personnel flow in the tunnel, providing necessary information for the control unit. The control unit intelligently regulates the startup of the air curtain and water curtain and the operation of the fresh air device according to this information, ensuring that the response measures match the actual situation and improving the self - adaptability and effectiveness of the system. By providing clear escape routes, stable environmental conditions, and reliable isolation measures, the present invention helps to reduce the panic of personnel in emergency situations and improve the order during the evacuation process, which is crucial for enhancing the overall evacuation efficiency and reducing the injuries caused by chaos. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan - sectional view of the tunnel cross - passage shown in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the air curtain and water curtain of the tunnel cross - passage shown in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the evacuation method shown in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals: 1 - transverse passage, 11 - left front chamber of the transverse passage, 12 - middle section of the transverse passage, 13 - right front chamber of the transverse passage, 2 - air curtain generating device, 21 - air curtain electric control sprinkler, 3 - water curtain generating device, 31 - water curtain electric control sprinkler, 4 - smoke detector, 5 - escape indicator light, 6 - fresh air device, 7 - control unit, 8 - personnel detection sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the present invention.

[0026] In addition, the described features, structures or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, many specific details are provided to give a full understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will realize that the technical solutions of the present application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. can be adopted. In other cases, well-known methods, devices, implementations or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of the present application.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1-2 , this embodiment provides a tunnel transverse passage emergency evacuation system for quickly evacuating personnel through the transverse passage when a fire occurs in the tunnel. The system mainly includes a transverse passage 1, an air curtain generating device 2, a water curtain generating device 3, a smoke detector 4, an escape indicator light 5 and a fresh air device 6.

[0028] The transverse passage 1 runs through between the left and right lines of the tunnel, and is successively provided with a left front chamber 11 of the transverse passage, a middle section 12 of the transverse passage and a right front chamber 13 of the transverse passage from left to right. The entrances and exits of the left and right front chambers 11 and 13 of the transverse passage are connected to the main tunnel. The air curtain generating device 2 and the water curtain generating device 3 are arranged on both sides of the top of the middle section 12. The air curtain generating device 2 includes multiple groups of air curtain electric control sprinklers 21 for generating an air curtain. The water curtain generating device 3 includes multiple groups of water curtain electric control sprinklers 31 for generating a water curtain. The purpose of the air curtain and the water curtain is to form a protective barrier in an emergency to cut off smoke, flames and toxic gases.

[0029] The smoke detector 4 is installed at the connection of the main tunnel in the left and right front rooms, and is used to monitor the smoke in real time. The fresh air device 6 is placed at the top of the middle section 12 of the cross passage, and is used to convey fresh air into the cross passage. On the one hand, it maintains the air quality in the cross passage, and on the other hand, it forms a positive pressure environment to prevent the intrusion of external smoke and harmful gases. The escape indicator light 5 is set at the position where the tunnel is adjacent to the cross passage 1, and is used to guide the evacuation direction of personnel. Through the above design, it is ensured that the cross passage 1 can be quickly transformed into a safe evacuation passage in case of an emergency of a fire.

[0030] The emergency evacuation system of the cross passage of the tunnel further includes a control unit 7. The smoke detector 4 is connected to the control unit 7 through a signal line, and sends the detected smoke concentration data to the control unit 7 in real time. The control unit 7 is built-in with a dual-threshold judgment logic for the smoke concentration, namely the first threshold for the activation of the air curtain and the second threshold for the activation of the water curtain. When the smoke concentration exceeds the first threshold for the activation of the air curtain, the control unit 7 sends an opening instruction to the air curtain generating device 2, and the air curtain nozzles 21 spray airflows to form an air curtain. When the smoke concentration continues to increase and exceeds the second threshold for the activation of the water curtain, the control unit 7 sends an opening instruction to the water curtain generating device 3, and the water curtain nozzles 31 spray water flows to form a water curtain.

[0031] Furthermore, a personnel detection sensor 8 is also provided, which is used to detect whether there are people passing through the cross passage. The personnel detection sensor 8 is set at the entrances and exits of the left front room 11 and the right front room 13 of the cross passage, and these two positions are exactly the positions adjacent to the main tunnel. The personnel detection sensor 8 can adopt an infrared sensor or video image recognition technology. When it detects that there are people entering the cross passage from the main tunnel, it will send a detection signal of people passing through to the control unit 7 in real time. After receiving the detection signal of the personnel detection sensor 8, the control unit 7 controls the fresh air device 6 based on the detection signal.

[0032] The fresh air device 6 is composed of an air duct and a fan, and is used to provide fresh air to the cross passage. The air duct is installed at the top of the cross passage and is communicated with the inside of the cross passage 1. The fan is connected to the air inlet end of the air duct and is used to convey fresh air. The fan adopts a variable frequency speed regulation fan, and the rotation speed can be continuously adjusted according to needs. The power supply of the fan is connected to the control unit 7, and the control unit 7 can regulate the rotation speed of the fan in real time. During the operation of the system, when the personnel detection sensor 8 detects that there are people entering the cross passage from the main tunnel, it immediately sends a personnel passage signal to the control unit 7. After receiving the signal, the control unit 7 can start the fresh air device 6. If the number of people passing through is large, the control unit 7 will continue to increase the rotation speed of the fan to provide more sufficient fresh air, ensure the air quality in the cross passage, and ensure that people will not inhale smoke and evacuate safely.

[0033] In some embodiments, a water curtain - air curtain - water curtain structure is formed at the tops on both sides of the middle section 12 of the transverse channel. In this water curtain - air curtain - water curtain structure, the outer water curtain can play a role in isolating part of the flue gas. When the flue gas exchanges heat with the water curtain, the water curtain will absorb the heat of the flue gas and reduce the flue gas temperature. At the same time, the water curtain can also adsorb some harmful gases in the flue gas, such as CO, CO2, SO2, etc. After being treated by the water curtain layer, the temperature and toxicity of the flue gas can be weakened. The middle air curtain uses the high - speed jet of air to form a relatively dense air flow curtain, which can better block the flue gas from entering the middle section 12 of the transverse channel. The air curtain has the characteristics of strong fluidity and small diffusibility, and can form a high isolation effect. The inner water curtain plays a dual role of further cooling and blocking the leakage of flue gas. Through the synergistic effect of the inner and outer double water curtains combined with the middle air curtain, the flue gas can be isolated and treated multiple times, greatly weakening the temperature and toxicity of the flue gas, and creating a safe passage environment for evacuating personnel. This structure gives full play to the technical advantages of the water curtain and the air curtain, forming an efficient smoke and poison prevention partition.

[0034] The air curtain generating device 2 of this embodiment includes multiple groups of air curtain electrically controlled nozzles 21, and the water curtain generating device 3 includes multiple groups of water curtain electrically controlled nozzles 31, which are used to generate the air curtain and the water curtain. The inlet of each group of air curtain electrically controlled nozzles 21 is connected with an electromagnetic valve, and the opening degree of this electromagnetic valve can be adjusted according to the control signal. The control unit 7 can control each electromagnetic valve in real time to regulate the air flow rate of the air curtain electrically controlled nozzles 21. Similarly, the inlet of each group of water curtain electrically controlled nozzles 31 is also connected with an electromagnetic valve with an adjustable opening degree, and the control unit 7 can control each electromagnetic valve in real time to regulate the water flow rate of the water curtain electrically controlled nozzles 31.

[0035] See Figure 3 , Another embodiment of the present invention describes an evacuation method based on the above - mentioned emergency evacuation system for the tunnel transverse channel. The following are the specific operation steps:

[0036] S1: When the smoke detector (4) detects the flue gas, it sends a signal to the control unit (7); in this step, the smoke detector 4 continuously monitors the situation of the tunnel. Once it detects the flue gas, it will immediately send the signal of the detected flue gas to the control unit 7.

[0037] S2: When the personnel detection sensor (8) detects the personnel information, it sends a signal to the control unit (7); in this step, the personnel detection sensor 8 uses the method of image recognition or infrared detection to continuously monitor the entrances and exits at both ends of the transverse channel. When it detects that there are personnel entering the transverse channel from the main tunnel, it sends a personnel passage signal to the control unit 7.

[0038] S3: The control unit (7) controls the opening and closing of the emergency exit indicator light (5), the water curtain - air curtain - air curtain structure, and the fresh air device (6) based on the flue gas concentration and personnel information; in this step, the control unit 7 synthesizes these two detection information, intelligently controls the operation of the cross - passage emergency evacuation system, the control unit 7 controls the indicator light 5 to flash to guide the personnel's refuge direction, the control unit 7 gradually activates the water curtain and air curtain based on the flue gas concentration, and controls the fresh air device 6 to start or increase the air volume to conduct smoke control and ventilation in the cross - passage.

[0039] In addition, in the above - mentioned step S3, the control unit 7 has a preset dual - threshold logic for flue gas concentration to achieve intelligent control of the system. The control unit 7 presets an air curtain activation threshold as the first threshold. When the flue gas concentration detected by the smoke detector 4 exceeds this first threshold, the control unit 7 will control the indicator light 5 to flash to guide the personnel evacuation direction, and at the same time send an opening instruction to the air curtain generating device 2 to activate the air curtain. The control unit 7 also presets a second threshold greater than the first threshold as the activation threshold of the water curtain. When the fire spreads and the flue gas concentration continues to rise and exceeds this second threshold, the control unit 7 will send an opening instruction to the water curtain generating device 3 to activate the water curtain for strong smoke control. By setting the dual - threshold strategy for flue gas concentration, the progressive activation and protection upgrade of the system can be achieved. When the flue gas concentration is low, the air curtain can cope, and the personnel will not get wet by the water curtain when passing through. When the flue gas is severe, the water curtain is activated to strengthen the protection. This control strategy comprehensively considers efficiency and economy to achieve intelligent and reliable smoke control management.

[0040] Furthermore, in step S3, the personnel information detected by the personnel detection sensor 8 includes the number of personnel, and this information is fed back to the control unit 7. The control unit 7 intelligently controls the fresh air device 6 using the personnel number information. When it is detected that there are personnel starting to enter the cross - passage from the main tunnel, the control unit 7 will immediately send an instruction to start the fan of the fresh air device 6 to ventilate and exchange air in the cross - passage. The control unit 7 will monitor the change in the number of personnel. If the number of personnel continues to increase and exceeds the set number, the control unit 7 will correspondingly increase the rotational speed of the fan and increase the air volume. By real - time monitoring of the number of personnel, the intelligent adjustment control of the air volume of the fresh air device can be realized, so that the air volume adapts to the change in the personnel scale, ensuring both ventilation effect and energy saving.

[0041] In the above evacuation method, the following step S4 is further included. When the smoke concentration exceeds a preset second threshold and the number of people detected by the personnel detection sensor 8 also exceeds the set number, this indicates that the fire severity has further escalated and the evacuation capacity of the cross-passage is approaching saturation. The control unit 7 will determine that the evacuation function of the cross-passage is approaching the upper limit of its load. To prevent the smoke from affecting the other side of the tunnel and considering that other rescue methods (such as firefighters entering for rescue, etc.) should be adopted subsequently, the control unit 7 will issue a control command, for example, closing the fire doors at both ends of the cross-passage to isolate it from the main tunnel. Closing the fire doors is a control strategy adopted based on a comprehensive judgment of the fire severity and the personnel load, which can more comprehensively respond to different emergency situations.

[0042] The present invention provides an advanced tunnel cross-passage emergency evacuation system and evacuation method, aiming to significantly improve the safety and evacuation efficiency during tunnel fires. By integrating an intelligent sensing system, an automated control unit, and efficient air curtain and water curtain generating devices, this system can achieve rapid response and precise control of fire situations, thereby providing effective protection for the personnel in the tunnel. Through the close linkage between the smoke detector and the control unit, the system can immediately detect the smoke at the initial stage of the fire and quickly respond. This characteristic ensures that the system can timely initiate necessary safety measures before the fire spreads. The control unit intelligently regulates the operation of the air curtain generating device, the water curtain generating device, and the fresh air device based on the real-time data provided by the smoke detector. This precise control not only improves safety but also ensures the air quality in the cross-passage, providing a relatively safe and comfortable escape environment for the personnel.

[0043] By arranging the air curtain generating device and the water curtain generating device at the top on both sides of the middle section of the cross-passage, the system can effectively isolate the smoke, flames, and toxic gases. This isolation barrier is crucial for protecting the personnel in the cross-passage, reducing the harm caused by inhaling toxic smoke or contacting the flames. The intelligent processing ability of the control unit enables the system to dynamically adjust the response measures according to the real-time situation of the fire and the actual needs of the personnel. This adaptive ability greatly improves the flexibility and practicality of the system.

[0044] In summary, the present invention provides a comprehensive solution by integrating an intelligent sensing system, air curtain and water curtain generating devices, and a fresh air device, significantly improving the evacuation efficiency and personnel safety in the tunnel cross-passage in emergency situations. At the same time, the intelligent design and adaptive control mechanism of the present invention also provide higher-level technical support for tunnel safety management.

[0045] The above drawings are only schematic illustrations of the processes included in the method according to the exemplary embodiments of the present application, rather than for restrictive purposes. It is easily understood that the processes shown in the above drawings do not indicate or limit the chronological order of these processes. Additionally, it is also easily understood that these processes may be executed, for example, synchronously or asynchronously in multiple modules.

[0046] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present application is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An emergency evacuation system for a tunnel cross-passage, characterized in that, It includes a transverse passage (1), an air curtain generating device (2), a water curtain generating device (3), a smoke detector (4), an escape indicator light (5) and a fresh air device (6). The transverse passage (1) connects the left tunnel line and the right tunnel line. From the left tunnel line to the right tunnel line, there are successively arranged a left front chamber (11) of the transverse passage, a middle section (12) of the transverse passage and a right front chamber (13) of the transverse passage. On the tops of both sides of the middle section (12) of the transverse passage, an air curtain generating device (2) and a water curtain generating device (3) are arranged. The air curtain generating device (2) includes a plurality of air curtain electric control nozzles (21) uniformly arranged for generating an air curtain. The water curtain generating device (3) includes a plurality of water curtain electric control nozzles (31) uniformly arranged for generating a water curtain. The smoke detector (4) is arranged at the adjacent positions of the left front chamber (11) and the right front chamber (13) of the transverse passage and the main tunnel line. The fresh air device (6) is arranged on the top of the middle section (12) of the transverse passage.

2. The emergency evacuation system for the transverse tunnel passage according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a control unit (7). The smoke detector (4) is connected to the control unit (7). The control unit (7) controls the opening and closing of the air curtain generating device (2) and the water curtain generating device (3) according to the smoke concentration detected by the smoke detector (4).

3. The emergency evacuation system for the transverse tunnel passage according to claim 2, characterized in that: It further includes a personnel detection sensor (8) arranged at the adjacent positions of the left front chamber (11) and the right front chamber (13) of the transverse passage and the main tunnel line for detecting whether there is personnel passing through. The personnel detection sensor (8) is connected to the control unit (7).

4. The emergency evacuation system for the transverse tunnel passage according to claim 3, wherein: The fresh air device (6) includes an air duct and a fan. The rotation speed of the fan is adjustable. The control unit (7) controls the operation of the fresh air device (6) according to the personnel passing information detected by the personnel detection sensor (8).

5. The emergency evacuation system for a tunnel cross-passage according to claim 4, wherein: On both sides of the middle section (12) of the transverse passage, a water curtain-air curtain-water curtain structure is formed.

6. The emergency evacuation system for the transverse tunnel passage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air curtain electric control nozzles (21) and the water curtain electric control nozzles (31) are respectively controlled by independent solenoid valves to control the flow rate.

7. An evacuation method for the emergency evacuation system of a tunnel cross passage according to claim 6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: When the smoke detector (4) detects smoke, it sends a signal to the control unit (7); S2: When the personnel detection sensor (8) detects personnel information, it sends a signal to the control unit (7); S3: The control unit (7) controls the opening and closing of the escape indicator light (5), the water curtain-air curtain-air curtain structure and the fresh air device (6) based on the smoke concentration and the personnel information.

8. The evacuation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S3, when the smoke concentration exceeds the first threshold, the control unit (7) controls the escape indicator light (5) to light up and the air curtain to open. When the smoke concentration exceeds the second threshold, the control unit (7) controls the water curtain to open. The second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

9. The evacuation method according to claim 8, wherein: In the step S3, the personnel information includes the number of personnel. When it is detected that there are personnel present, the fan is turned on. When the number of personnel exceeds the set number, the rotation speed of the fan is increased.

10. The evacuation method according to claim 9, wherein: It further includes a step S4. When the smoke concentration exceeds the second threshold and the number of personnel exceeds the set number, the control unit (7) sends a control message to the fire door in the transverse passage.

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