Satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on carbon dioxide phase change closed loop and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of spacecraft energy, the satellite thermoelectric power generation system comprises a phase change shell arranged on a satellite, the phase change shell is internally provided with a gasification cavity and a crystallization cavity, the gasification cavity is located in a direct solar radiation area, and the crystallization cavity is located in a shadow area; the two one-way valves are arranged between the gasification cavity and the crystallization cavity, one one-way valve allows gas in the gasification cavity to be blown to the crystallization cavity, and the other one-way valve allows gas in the crystallization cavity to be blown to the gasification cavity; the two power generation units are arranged in the gasification cavity and the crystallization cavity respectively, and gas blown out of the one-way valves enables the power generation units to generate mechanical motion and generate power. The turnover mechanism is connected with the phase change shell and used for enabling the phase change shell to turn over by 180 degrees, so that the crystallization cavity is located in a direct solar radiation area, and the gasification cavity is located in a shadow area. Carbon dioxide is driven by natural temperature difference of a satellite orbit to do work in a phase change mode, a closed loop is completed through 180-degree overturning of the phase change shell, and therefore continuous power generation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft energy, and particularly to a satellite thermoelectric power generation system and a control method based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop. Background Art

[0002] In the technical field of spacecraft energy, the stable and efficient supply of satellite energy systems has always been the focus of research. Traditional satellite energy systems mainly rely on the combination of solar panels and storage batteries. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of this method is relatively low (for example, the efficiency of triple-junction gallium arsenide batteries is about 30%), and large-area deployment is required to meet the power demand, resulting in a significant increase in the mass of the satellite. Moreover, the existing combination system of solar panels and storage batteries has significant bottlenecks in terms of energy density, environmental adaptability, long-term reliability, and cost, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of future deep space exploration, ultra-long-life satellites, and high-power payloads.

[0003] Therefore, a satellite thermoelectric power generation system and a control method based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a satellite thermoelectric power generation system and a control method based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides a satellite thermoelectric power generation system and a control method based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop, including:

[0006] A phase change housing for being arranged on a satellite, wherein a vaporization chamber and a crystallization chamber are arranged in the phase change housing, the vaporization chamber is located in the solar direct radiation area, and the crystallization chamber is located in the shaded area;

[0007] Two one-way valves are arranged between the vaporization chamber and the crystallization chamber, and one of the one-way valves allows the gas in the vaporization chamber to blow towards the crystallization chamber, and the other one-way valve allows the gas in the crystallization chamber to blow towards the vaporization chamber;

[0008] Two power generation units are respectively arranged in the vaporization chamber and the crystallization chamber, and the two power generation units are respectively opposite to the air outlets of the two one-way valves. The gas blown out from the one-way valves causes the power generation units to generate mechanical motion and generate electricity;

[0009] A flipping mechanism is connected to the phase change housing and is used to flip the phase change housing by 180°, so that the crystallization chamber is located in the solar direct radiation area and the vaporization chamber is located in the shaded area.

[0010] Preferably, sunshade mechanisms are respectively arranged outside the gasification cavity and the crystallization cavity. The sunshade mechanism includes two sunshade plates arranged oppositely. One side of each of the two sunshade plates away from each other is rotatably connected to the opposite outer sidewalls of the phase change housing. After the two sunshade plates are rotated and closed, they form a sunshade cover to cover outside the gasification cavity or the crystallization cavity. An opening and closing assembly for adjusting the opening and closing of the two sunshade plates is arranged on the phase change housing.

[0011] Preferably, the opening and closing assembly includes a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the bottom of the sidewall of the sunshade plate. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the outer sidewall of the phase change housing. A worm gear is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. An opening and closing motor is fixedly connected to the outer sidewall of the phase change housing. A worm is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the opening and closing motor. The worm meshes with the worm gear.

[0012] Preferably, a control unit is further arranged. The control unit includes a controller and two air pressure sensors. The two air pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the gasification cavity and the crystallization cavity and are used to sense the internal air pressure. The air pressure sensors, the flipping mechanism, and the opening and closing motor are respectively electrically connected to the controller.

[0013] Preferably, the phase change housing is of an annular structure and has an annular inner cavity. Two partition plates are fixedly connected in the annular inner cavity. The two partition plates divide the annular inner cavity into two chambers of the same size, thereby forming the gasification cavity and the crystallization cavity. The one-way valve is fixedly connected to the partition plate. After the two sunshade plates are closed, they form a semi-cylindrical sunshade cover.

[0014] Preferably, the position of the partition plate where the one-way valve is located in the crystallization cavity where the gas in the gasification cavity is allowed to blow is higher than the middle of the phase change housing, and the position of the other partition plate where the one-way valve is located is lower than the middle of the phase change housing.

[0015] Preferably, the power generation unit includes a mechanical rotating member and a generator arranged in the phase change housing. The mechanical rotating member faces the air outlet of the one-way valve. The gas blown out by the one-way valve drives the mechanical rotating member to rotate. The rotation of the mechanical rotating member drives the generator to generate electricity.

[0016] Preferably, a face-changing rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the phase change housing. The flipping mechanism is connected to the face-changing rotating shaft to drive the face-changing rotating shaft to rotate. The flipping mechanism is arranged on the satellite.

[0017] Preferably, a power storage assembly is further arranged. The power storage assembly includes a high-energy capacitor. The electric energy generated by the generator is stored in the high-energy capacitor. The high-energy capacitor is used to supply power to the electrical components.

[0018] A usage method of a satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on carbon dioxide phase change closed-loop is also provided.

[0019] Place the vaporization chamber with dry ice inside in the direct sunlight area, and place the crystallization chamber in the shaded area;

[0020] The dry ice in the vaporization chamber sublimates under sunlight irradiation to form high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide, which is blown into the crystallization chamber through a one-way valve, thereby driving the power generation unit in the crystallization chamber to generate mechanical motion and electricity; after the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the crystallization chamber, the crystallization chamber is in the shaded area with low temperature, so the gaseous carbon dioxide re-condenses into dry ice and is stored in the crystallization chamber;

[0021] Through the flipping mechanism, flip the phase change housing 180°, so that the crystallization chamber is in the direct sunlight area and the vaporization chamber is in the shaded area, causing the dry ice to be reheated and vaporized again to complete the closed loop.

[0022] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: place the vaporization chamber with dry ice inside in the direct sunlight area, and place the crystallization chamber in the shaded area; the dry ice in the vaporization chamber sublimates under sunlight irradiation to form high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide, which is blown into the crystallization chamber through a one-way valve, thereby driving the power generation unit in the crystallization chamber to generate mechanical motion and electricity; after the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the crystallization chamber, it re-condenses into dry ice and is stored in the crystallization chamber; through the flipping mechanism, flip the phase change housing 180°, so that the crystallization chamber is in the direct sunlight area and the vaporization chamber is in the shaded area, causing the dry ice to be reheated and vaporized for power generation.

[0023] The present invention utilizes the natural temperature difference in the satellite orbit to drive the phase change of carbon dioxide to do work, and completes the closed loop through the 180° flipping of the phase change housing, thereby realizing continuous power generation, with high power generation efficiency, no need for external energy input, and effectively improving the reliability, stability and mobility of the satellite energy system in a self-sufficient manner. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation to this application. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is an axial sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the opening and closing assembly of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1, phase change housing; 2, vaporization chamber; 3, crystallization chamber; 4, partition board; 5, one-way valve; 6, power generation unit; 7, sunshade; 8, worm gear; 9, opening and closing motor; 10, worm; 11, surface-changing rotating shaft. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Referring to Figures 1 - 3 , the present invention provides a satellite thermoelectric power generation system and control method based on carbon dioxide phase change closed-loop, including:

[0032] A phase change housing 1, which is used to be arranged on a satellite. An evaporation chamber 2 and a crystallization chamber 3 are arranged in the phase change housing 1. The evaporation chamber 2 is located in the sun-direct area, and the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the shadow area;

[0033] Two one-way valves 5 are arranged between the evaporation chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3. One of the one-way valves 5 allows the gas in the evaporation chamber 2 to blow towards the crystallization chamber 3, and the other one-way valve 5 allows the gas in the crystallization chamber 3 to blow towards the evaporation chamber 2;

[0034] Two power generation units 6 are respectively arranged in the evaporation chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3. The two power generation units 6 are respectively opposite to the air outlets of the two one-way valves 5. The gas blown out from the one-way valves 5 makes the power generation units 6 generate mechanical motion and generate electricity;

[0035] A flipping mechanism is connected to the phase change housing 1 and is used to flip the phase change housing 1 by 180°, so that the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the sun-direct area and the evaporation chamber 2 is located in the shadow area.

[0036] The present invention is applicable to the field of spacecraft energy technology but is not limited to this field, and is also applicable to power supply for support systems such as human survival and work on other planets.

[0037] Since there is no air in space, temperature regulation cannot be achieved through air convection. When a satellite is operating in space, the temperature of the part irradiated by the sun can be as high as one or two hundred degrees Celsius, while the place not irradiated by the sun is very cold, which can be as low as minus one or two hundred degrees Celsius. Therefore, when the evaporation chamber 2 is located in the sun-direct area, the dry ice inside the evaporation chamber 2 sublimes under the sun's irradiation to form gaseous carbon dioxide, which increases the air pressure in the evaporation chamber 2. The gaseous carbon dioxide is blown into the low-pressure crystallization chamber 3 through the one-way valve 5, thereby driving the power generation unit 6 in the crystallization chamber 3 to generate mechanical motion and generate electricity;

[0038] Since the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the shaded area where the temperature is low, when gaseous carbon dioxide enters the crystallization chamber 3, it re-condenses into dry ice and is stored in the crystallization chamber 3. When the air pressure in the gasification chamber 2 is not sufficient to drive the power generation unit 6 to generate electricity, the phase change housing 1 is flipped 180° through the flipping mechanism, so that the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the direct sunlight area and the gasification chamber 2 is located in the shaded area, enabling the dry ice to undergo a phase change again under the sun's irradiation, thereby continuing to generate electricity and completing the closed loop.

[0039] Generally speaking, the entire device of this application is divided into two parts:

[0040] Sunny side part: Receiving direct sunlight, sublimating solid dry ice into high-pressure carbon dioxide gas, and the carbon dioxide gas drives the power generation unit to generate electricity;

[0041] Shady side part: Utilizing the low temperature in the space shaded area to re-solidify carbon dioxide gas into dry ice.

[0042] The device is flipped 180°, completing the exchange of the sunny side part and the shady side part, and completing one cycle.

[0043] In some alternative embodiments, sunshade mechanisms are respectively arranged outside the gasification chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3. The sunshade mechanism includes two sunshade plates 7 arranged oppositely. One side of the two sunshade plates 7 away from each other is respectively rotatably connected to the opposite outer side walls of the phase change housing 1. After the two sunshade plates 7 are rotated and closed, they form a sunshade cover to cover outside the gasification chamber 2 or the crystallization chamber 3, and an opening and closing assembly for adjusting the opening and closing of the two sunshade plates 7 is arranged on the phase change housing 1.

[0044] In some alternative embodiments, the opening and closing assembly includes a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the bottom of the side wall of the sunshade plate 7. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the phase change housing 1. A worm gear 8 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and an opening and closing motor 9 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the phase change housing 1. A worm 10 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the opening and closing motor 9, and the worm 10 meshes with the worm gear 8.

[0045] In some alternative embodiments, a control unit is further arranged. The control unit includes a controller and two air pressure sensors. The two air pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the gasification chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3 and are used to sense the internal air pressure; the air pressure sensors, the flipping mechanism, and the opening and closing motor 9 are respectively electrically connected to the controller.

[0046] The structure of the flipping mechanism is not limited as long as it can achieve the flipping of the phase change housing 1. In some embodiments, the flipping mechanism includes a stepping motor arranged on the satellite. The output shaft of the stepping motor is connected to the flipping mechanism. The stepping motor is electrically connected to the controller. By controlling the opening and closing of the stepping motor through the controller, the phase change housing 1 is driven to flip.

[0047] When the vaporization chamber 2 is located in the direct sunlight area, the air pressure sensor senses the internal air pressure of the vaporization chamber 2 and transmits the information to the controller. The controller controls the opening and closing angles of the two sunshades 7 according to the magnitude of the internal air pressure, thereby regulating the sublimation speed of the dry ice in the vaporization chamber 2, avoiding too high or too low internal air pressure in the vaporization chamber 2, and thus performing stable phase change power generation. When the two sunshades 7 are fully opened and the measured air pressure in the vaporization chamber 2 is less than the air pressure required for power generation, the controller controls the flipping mechanism to work, flipping the phase change housing 1 by 180°. After flipping, the vaporization chamber 2 is located in the shaded area, and the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the direct sunlight area. The controller controls the two sunshades 7 on the vaporization chamber 2 to close, and then controls the opening and closing angles of the two sunshades 7 outside the crystallization chamber 3 according to the magnitude of the air pressure in the crystallization chamber 3 for phase change power generation.

[0048] In some alternative embodiments, the phase change housing 1 is of an annular structure and has an annular inner cavity. Two partition plates 4 are fixedly connected inside the annular inner cavity. The two partition plates 4 divide the annular inner cavity into two chambers of the same size, thus forming the vaporization chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3. The one-way valve 5 is fixedly connected to the partition plate 4; after the two sunshades 7 are closed, they form a semi-cylindrical sunshade.

[0049] The inner cavity structure of the phase change housing 1 is not limited to being annular, and in this embodiment, an annular inner cavity is used, which is conducive to the flow of gas.

[0050] In some alternative embodiments, a self-cleaning device is provided outside the vaporization chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3, which is used to clean the direct sunlight area, maintain its light transmittance and cleanliness, and improve the power generation effect.

[0051] The specific self-cleaning device includes a motor fixedly connected to the center of the phase change housing 1. Two scraping plates are fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. The two scraping plates are respectively located on the outer walls of the vaporization chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3. When the two sunshades 7 are closed, there is a gap between the inner wall of the sunshade 7 and the outer wall of the phase change housing 1, leaving a position for the scraping plates. During use, the motor drives the scraping plates to rotate, thereby scraping the annular outer wall to achieve self-cleaning.

[0052] In some alternative embodiments, the position of the partition plate 4 where the one-way valve 5 in the crystallization chamber 3 is located, towards which the gas in the vaporization chamber 2 is allowed to blow, is higher than the middle part of the phase change housing 1, and the position of the other partition plate 4 where the one-way valve 5 is located is lower than the middle part of the phase change housing 1.

[0053] In some alternative embodiments, the power generation unit 6 includes a mechanical rotating member and a generator disposed inside the phase change housing 1. The mechanical rotating member faces the air outlet of the one-way valve 5, and the gas blown out by the one-way valve 5 drives the mechanical rotating member to rotate. The rotation of the mechanical rotating member drives the generator to generate electricity.

[0054] In this embodiment, a nozzle is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the one-way valve 5, and the gas is ejected through the nozzle;

[0055] Mechanical rotating parts usually need to include rotating blades and a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is connected to a generator. The rotating blades are located at the air outlet of the nozzle. The high-pressure gas ejected from the nozzle blows onto the rotating blades in the mechanical rotating parts, causing the blades to rotate and drive the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity.

[0056] In this embodiment, the mechanical rotating parts include but are not limited to turbines, steam turbines, swing arm mechanical transmission parts, or other pneumatic power generation systems, etc.

[0057] In some alternative embodiments, a face-changing rotating shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the center of the phase-change housing 1. The flipping mechanism is connected to the face-changing rotating shaft 11 and is used to drive the face-changing rotating shaft 11 to rotate. The flipping mechanism is arranged on the satellite.

[0058] In some alternative embodiments, a power storage component is also provided. The power storage component includes a high-energy capacitor. The electric energy generated by the generator is stored in the high-energy capacitor or directly supplied to the satellite electric propulsion system to maintain the orbit or for satellite direct power supply compensation. The high-energy capacitor is used to supply power to the electrical components.

[0059] A method for using a satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop is also provided:

[0060] Place the gasification chamber 2 with dry ice inside in the direct sunlight area, and the crystallization chamber 3 in the shaded area;

[0061] The dry ice in the gasification chamber 2 sublimes under the sun's irradiation to form high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide, which is blown into the crystallization chamber 3 through the one-way valve 5, thereby driving the power generation unit 6 in the crystallization chamber 3 to generate mechanical motion and electricity; after the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the crystallization chamber 3, the crystallization chamber 3 is in the shaded area and has a low temperature, so the gaseous carbon dioxide re-condenses into dry ice and is stored in the crystallization chamber 3.

[0062] Through the flipping mechanism, the phase-change housing 1 is flipped 180°, so that the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the direct sunlight area and the gasification chamber 2 is located in the shaded area, causing the dry ice to be reheated and gasified again to complete the closed loop.

[0063] The specific usage method is as follows:

[0064] Store dry ice in the gasification chamber 2. When the gasification chamber 2 is located in the direct sunlight area, the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the shaded area;

[0065] The two sunshades 7 outside the crystallization chamber 3 are completely closed, and the crystallization chamber 3 is in a low-temperature state; the pressure sensor inside the gasification chamber 2 senses the internal air pressure of the gasification chamber 2 and transmits the information to the controller. When the internal air pressure value is less than the air pressure value required by the generator, the controller controls the two sunshades 7 outside the gasification chamber 2 to open at a certain angle, so that the dry ice in the gasification chamber 2 is heated and sublimated into high-pressure carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide gas blows through the one-way valve 5 to rotate the mechanical rotating parts, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity;

[0066] The air pressure sensor continuously senses the air pressure in the gasification chamber 2, and the controller dynamically controls the opening and closing angles of the sunshade 7, thereby controlling the sublimation speed of dry ice, keeping the air pressure in the gasification chamber 2 within a certain range, and achieving relatively stable power generation;

[0067] When the two sunshades 7 are fully opened and the air pressure in the gasification chamber 2 is less than the pressure required for the generator to generate electricity, the controller controls the flipping mechanism to flip the phase change housing 1 by 180°, so that the crystallization chamber 3 is located in the direct sunlight area and the gasification chamber 2 is located in the shaded area. Then, the two sunshades 7 outside the gasification chamber 2 are closed, and according to the air pressure in the crystallization chamber 3, the opening and closing angles of the two sunshades 7 outside the crystallization chamber 3 are controlled, so that the dry ice is irradiated by the sun again for phase change, thereby continuing to generate electricity and completing the closed loop.

[0068] Among them, the dynamic control parameters of the air pressure during dry ice gasification: Based on the dry ice phase change pressure characteristics (1 kg of dry ice gasification produces about 535 L of CO2): The typical working pressure difference (the pressure difference between the gasification chamber 2 and the crystallization chamber 3) should be controlled at ΔP ≤ 15 MPa; The emergency release threshold is recommended to be set at ΔP_max = 25 MPa (corresponding to a safety factor of 5.0).

[0069] Furthermore, an adjustment system for adjusting the angle of the phase change housing 1 can be set. The adjustment system is used to adjust the heating angle of the heat receiving surface of the phase change housing 1 to achieve vertical irradiation of the sun.

[0070] Scenario expansion:

[0071] 1. Deep space probe: Provide anti-radiation and anti-low temperature auxiliary power for Jupiter / Saturn exploration missions (can still operate under the condition of -180 °C).

[0072] 2. Lunar base: Continuously supply power during the 14-day lunar night cycle, and cooperate with hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells to achieve energy network redundancy.

[0073] 3. Low Earth orbit satellite: Used for attitude control systems (such as power supply for momentum wheels), reducing dependence on traditional solar panels.

[0074] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0075] 1. Energy self-sustainment: The system utilizes the natural temperature difference of the satellite orbit and does not require external energy input, reflecting the design concept of closed-loop environmental protection. This energy self-sufficient method can effectively improve the reliability, stability and maneuverability of the satellite energy system.

[0076] 2. Efficient phase change utilization: Make full use of the latent heat of vaporization of CO2 (571 kJ / kg) and the expansion pressure (up to 7.38 MPa) to achieve dual energy capture and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0077] 3. Use solid CO2 as the only working medium, and its phase change temperature (-78.5 °C) is adapted to the extreme space environment.

[0078] 4. Adaptive adjustment: The carbon dioxide pressure inside the system is monitored in real time through a pressure sensor, so as to dynamically adjust the opening and closing degree of the sunshade, control the light intensity and heat input, realize the dynamic control of the heating power, and thus maintain the stability of the phase change rate and power generation efficiency.

[0079] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0080] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on a closed-loop carbon dioxide phase change, characterized in that, Comprising: A phase change housing (1) for being arranged on a satellite. An evaporation chamber (2) and a crystallization chamber (3) are arranged in the phase change housing (1). The evaporation chamber (2) is located in the direct sunlight area, and the crystallization chamber (3) is located in the shadow area; Two one-way valves (5) are arranged between the evaporation chamber (2) and the crystallization chamber (3). One of the one-way valves (5) allows the gas in the evaporation chamber (2) to blow towards the crystallization chamber (3), and the other one-way valve (5) allows the gas in the crystallization chamber (3) to blow towards the evaporation chamber (2); Two power generation units (6) are respectively arranged in the evaporation chamber (2) and the crystallization chamber (3). The two power generation units (6) are respectively opposite to the air outlets of the two one-way valves (5). The gas blown out from the one-way valves (5) causes the power generation units (6) to generate mechanical motion and generate electricity; A flipping mechanism is connected to the phase change housing (1) and is used to flip the phase change housing (1) by 180°, so that the crystallization chamber (3) is located in the direct sunlight area and the evaporation chamber (2) is located in the shadow area.

2. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the carbon dioxide phase change closed loop according to claim 1, wherein: Sunshading mechanisms are respectively arranged outside the evaporation chamber (2) and the crystallization chamber (3). The sunshading mechanism includes two oppositely arranged sunshading plates (7). The two sunshading plates (7) are respectively rotatably connected to the two opposite outer side walls of the phase change housing (1) on the sides away from each other. After the two sunshading plates (7) are rotated and closed, they form a sunshading cover to cover outside the evaporation chamber (2) or the crystallization chamber (3). An opening and closing assembly for adjusting the opening and closing of the two sunshading plates (7) is arranged on the phase change housing (1).

3. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the carbon dioxide phase change closed loop according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly includes a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the bottom of the side wall of the sunshading plate (7). The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the phase change housing (1). A worm gear (8) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. An opening and closing motor (9) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the phase change housing (1). A worm (10) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the opening and closing motor (9). The worm (10) meshes with the worm gear (8).

4. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the carbon dioxide phase change closed loop according to claim 3, characterized in that: A control unit is also arranged. The control unit includes a controller and two air pressure sensors. The two air pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the evaporation chamber (2) and the crystallization chamber (3) and are used to sense the internal air pressure; the air pressure sensors, the flipping mechanism, and the opening and closing motor (9) are respectively electrically connected to the controller.

5. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the closed loop of carbon dioxide phase change according to claim 2, wherein: The phase change housing (1) is of a ring structure and has a ring-shaped inner cavity. Two partition plates (4) are fixedly connected in the ring-shaped inner cavity. The two partition plates (4) divide the ring-shaped inner cavity into two chambers of the same size, thereby forming the evaporation chamber (2) and the crystallization chamber (3). The one-way valves (5) are fixedly connected to the partition plates (4); after the two sunshading plates (7) are closed, they form a semi-cylindrical sunshading cover.

6. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the carbon dioxide phase change closed loop according to claim 5, wherein: The position of the partition plate (4) where the one-way valve (5) allowing the gas in the evaporation chamber (2) to blow into the crystallization chamber (3) is located is higher than the middle part of the phase change housing (1), and the position of the partition plate (4) where the other one-way valve (5) is located is lower than the middle part of the phase change housing (1).

7. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the closed-loop of carbon dioxide phase change according to claim 1, wherein: The power generation unit (6) includes a mechanical rotating member and a generator disposed within the phase change housing (1). The mechanical rotating member faces the air outlet of the one-way valve (5), and the gas blown out by the one-way valve (5) drives the mechanical rotating member to rotate. The rotation of the mechanical rotating member drives the generator to generate electricity.

8. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the carbon dioxide phase change closed loop according to claim 1, characterized in that: A surface-changing rotating shaft (11) is fixedly connected to the center of the phase change housing (1). The flipping mechanism is connected to the surface-changing rotating shaft (11) for driving the surface-changing rotating shaft (11) to rotate, and the flipping mechanism is disposed on the satellite.

9. The satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on the closed loop of carbon dioxide phase change according to claim 7, characterized in that: A power storage assembly is further provided. The power storage assembly includes a high-energy capacitor. The electric energy generated by the generator is stored in the high-energy capacitor, and the high-energy capacitor is used to supply power to the electrical components.

10. A method for using a satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop. According to the satellite thermoelectric power generation system based on a carbon dioxide phase change closed loop as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The gasification chamber (2) with dry ice inside is located in the direct sunlight area, and the crystallization chamber (3) is located in the shaded area; The dry ice in the gasification chamber (2) sublimes under sunlight irradiation to form high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide, which is blown into the crystallization chamber (3) through the one-way valve (5), thereby driving the power generation unit (6) in the crystallization chamber (3) to generate mechanical motion and electricity; After the gaseous carbon dioxide enters the crystallization chamber (3), the crystallization chamber (3) is in the shaded area and has a low temperature. Therefore, the gaseous carbon dioxide re-condenses into dry ice and is stored in the crystallization chamber (3); Through the flipping mechanism, the phase change housing (1) is flipped 180°, so that the crystallization chamber (3) is located in the direct sunlight area and the gasification chamber (2) is located in the shaded area, causing the dry ice to be reheated and gasified again to complete the closed loop.

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