Comprehensive power evaluation method for low incidental damage effect

Abstract

The invention relates to a comprehensive power evaluation method for a low-incidental-damage effect, belongs to the technical field of damage evaluation, and solves the problems that in the prior art, calculation of the damage probability of a heavy metal particle swarm of low-incidental-damage ammunition to a personnel target and research on combined damage of the low-incidental-damage ammunition are lacked. Comprising the following steps: calculating the shock wave damage probability based on the explosion distance and TNT equivalent of the low incidental damage ammunition; the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle swarms is calculated based on the flying angle of the low-incidental-damage ammunition explosion driven particle swarms and the front instantaneous speed of the particle swarms, which are measured by the test; based on the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle swarms, the damage probability of the heavy metal particle swarms is calculated; based on the shock wave damage probability and the heavy metal particle swarm damage probability, a damage effect comprehensive power evaluation result is obtained through calculation. The calculation of the damage probability of the heavy metal particle swarms of the low-incidental-damage ammunition to the personnel target and the comprehensive power evaluation of the multi-damage-element coupling damage effect of the low-incidental-damage ammunition are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of damage assessment, and particularly to a comprehensive lethality assessment method for low collateral damage effect. Background Technique

[0002] Low collateral damage ammunition is a new type of test ammunition with a controllable damage range but effective killing ability. It is mainly composed of a carbon fiber shell filled with a small amount of explosives and a large amount of high-density inert heavy metal particles. Compared with the charge design of a conventional steel shell warhead, the carbon fiber shell burns completely after explosion, has little impact on the overpressure, and the killing effect of the shell fragments on the target is extremely low and negligible. A large amount of inert heavy metal powder is added to the explosives of the low collateral damage ammunition, forming a shock wave overpressure field with a small range. Under the detonation action, the heavy metal particles are driven to form a metal particle flow. Under the coupling action of the shock wave and the heavy metal particles, the damage efficiency is enhanced in the near-field area. At the same time, due to the poor velocity retention ability and fast velocity decay of the inert metal particles in the air, the killing ability can rapidly decline outside the near-field area of the explosion, effectively reducing the collateral damage.

[0003] Most of the existing calculations of shock wave and fragment lethality are for conventional high-explosive fragmentation ammunition. For example, for large-mass and large-size fragments, kinetic energy, specific kinetic energy, mass, distribution density, and the killing criteria given in China's military standards are usually used to evaluate the damage level of fragments to the human body. However, for sub-millimeter heavy metal particles with a particle size between 0.1 - 1 mm, the conventional damage criteria for single fragments cannot be directly used. The existing technology does not involve the calculation of the damage probability of a heavy metal particle group to a personnel target, and cannot directly reflect the damage degree of the detonation-driven heavy metal particle group of the low collateral damage ammunition to the personnel target. In addition, there are cases of combined damage of multiple damage items within the near-field killing range, and its damage effect cannot be measured by simply adding up each damage item. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a comprehensive lethality assessment method for low collateral damage effect to solve the problems in the existing technology, such as the lack of calculation of the damage probability of the heavy metal particle group of the low collateral damage ammunition to the personnel target and the lack of research on the coupled damage of multiple damage elements of the low collateral damage ammunition.

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a comprehensive lethality assessment method for low collateral damage effect, including:

[0006] Based on the detonation distance and TNT equivalent of the low collateral damage ammunition, calculate the shock wave damage probability;

[0007] Based on the measured scattering angle and the instantaneous velocity of the front edge of the particle group driven by the explosion of the low collateral damage ammunition, calculate the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group; based on the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group, calculate the damage probability of the heavy metal particle group;

[0008] Based on the shock wave damage probability and the heavy metal particle group damage probability, the comprehensive power evaluation result of the damage effect is calculated.

[0009] Based on a further improvement of the above method, the shock wave damage probability is obtained by the following formula:

[0010]

[0011] where C represents the characteristic factor, α represents the exponential factor, R represents the detonation distance, W represents the TNT equivalent, and P S represents the shock wave damage probability.

[0012] Based on a further improvement of the above method, it also includes respectively obtaining the distances from the detonation center to the upper and lower impact points; based on the distances from the detonation center to the upper and lower impact points, the dispersion angle of the particle group during the explosion of the low-collateral damage ammunition is obtained by the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] where β represents the dispersion angle of the particle group during the explosion of the low-collateral damage ammunition, R represents the detonation distance, L1 represents the distance from the detonation center to the upper impact point, and L2 represents the distance from the detonation center to the lower impact point.

[0015] Based on a further improvement of the above method, it also includes obtaining the distance between two break-and-connect targets and the time difference for the particle group to reach the two break-and-connect targets respectively. Based on the obtained distance between the two break-and-connect targets and the time difference for the particle group to reach the two break-and-connect targets respectively, the instantaneous velocity of the particle group front is obtained by the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] where v P represents the instantaneous velocity of the particle group front, ΔL represents the distance between the two break-and-connect targets, and ΔT represents the time difference for the particle group to reach the two break-and-connect targets respectively.

[0018] Based on a further improvement of the above method, the heavy metal particle group damage probability is obtained by the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] where P P represents the heavy metal particle group damage probability, and e d2 represents the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group.

[0021] Based on a further improvement of the above method, the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group is obtained by the following formula:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] Among them, e d1 represents the specific kinetic energy of a single heavy metal particle, v P represents the instantaneous velocity of the front of the particle group, and is also the velocity of a single particle. E d represents the kinetic energy of a single heavy metal particle. represents the frontal area when a single heavy metal particle encounters the target. p represents the number of particles in the particle group, m p represents the mass of a single heavy metal particle, ρ d represents the material density of the heavy metal particle, N R represents the spatial density of the heavy metal particle, E d，total represents the kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group, d p represents the diameter of a single particle, A tar represents the area of a unit target.

[0025] Based on a further improvement of the above method, before calculating the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group, it also includes obtaining the spatial density of the heavy metal particle by using the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] m p = πd 3 ρ d / 6

[0028]

[0029] Among them, N R represents the spatial density of the heavy metal particle, M represents the total mass of the heavy metal particle group, μ represents the dispersion coefficient of the heavy metal particle, S represents the spatial distribution area of the heavy metal particle at a distance R from the explosion center, d represents the diameter of the heavy metal particle, and β represents the dispersion angle of the particle group of the low-collateral damage ammunition explosion.

[0030] Based on a further improvement of the above method, when calculating the comprehensive lethality evaluation value, it also includes the probability of personnel injury caused by thermal radiation.

[0031] Based on a further improvement of the above method, when calculating the comprehensive lethality evaluation value, it also includes the probability of personnel injury caused by toxic substances.

[0032] Based on a further improvement of the above method, the comprehensive lethality evaluation value is calculated by using the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, P tDenote the comprehensive lethality evaluation value of damage effect, \(n\) denote the total number of damage items, \(P\) i denote the lethality probability of the \(i\)-th damage item, and \(\Pi\) denote the dot product operation.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can at least achieve one of the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. Provide a calculation method for the lethality probability of heavy metal particle clusters of a low - collateral - damage ammunition against personnel targets. The lethality probability obtained by this method has high accuracy and high reliability;

[0037] 2. Provide a calculation method for the lethality probability of the shock wave of a low - collateral - damage ammunition. This method is simple to calculate and has a very small amount of calculation, which can save resources and time;

[0038] 3. Provide an assessment and prediction for the coupled damage of the shock wave and sub - millimeter - sized heavy metal particle clusters of a low - collateral - damage ammunition, and realize the comprehensive lethality evaluation of damage effects under multiple damage items. The evaluation method is more comprehensive and reliable.

[0039] In the present invention, the above - mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combined solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent specification. Moreover, some advantages can be made obvious from the specification or understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained from the content specifically pointed out in the specification and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The drawings are only used for the purpose of showing specific embodiments and are not considered as a limitation of the present invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference signs denote the same components;

[0041] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the comprehensive lethality of low - collateral - damage effects shown in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the scattering of heavy metal particle clusters of a low - collateral - damage ammunition shown in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the lethality probability and distance of heavy metal particles with different particle sizes and spherical pre - formed fragments shown in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0044] The following will specifically describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Among them, the drawings form a part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the principles of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a comprehensive lethality evaluation method for low collateral damage effect, as follows Figure 1 shown.

[0046] During implementation, it includes the following steps:

[0047] S1: Based on the burst distance and TNT equivalent of low collateral damage ammunition, calculate the shock wave lethality probability;

[0048] S2: Based on the divergence angle and the instantaneous velocity of the front of the particle swarm measured by the explosion-driven particle swarm of low collateral damage ammunition, calculate the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle swarm; based on the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle swarm, calculate the lethality probability of the heavy metal particle swarm;

[0049] S3: Based on the shock wave lethality probability and the lethality probability of the heavy metal particle swarm, calculate the comprehensive lethality evaluation result of the damage effect.

[0050] Specifically, the degree of damage of the shock wave to the human torso is mainly determined by the shock wave overpressure and impulse, and both the shock wave overpressure and impulse are related to the power function of the burst distance and TNT equivalent. Based on the collected burst distance and TNT equivalent, the shock wave lethality probability is obtained by the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] Among them, C represents the characteristic factor, α represents the exponential factor, R represents the burst distance, and W represents the TNT equivalent. It can be seen from the above formula that if the characteristic factor C is ensured to be equal, regardless of whether the TNT charge mass W and the burst distance R are the same, the shock wave overpressure value and impulse value are the same, that is, the degree of damage to the human torso is also the same. Based on the corresponding relationship between the chest wall movement speed and the damage probability in Table 1 below, the damage curves of the burst distance R and the TNT charge W are fitted to obtain a calculation formula in the form of αlgW - lgR = lgC.

[0053] Table 1 ASII values and maximum inward movement speed of the chest wall corresponding to different damage levels

[0054]

[0055] 0.401lg W - 1g R = 1g0.996 50%

[0056] 0.403lg W - 1g R = lg0.865 30%

[0057] 0.400lg W - 1g R = 1g0.751 10%

[0058] 0.409lg W - 1g R = 1g0.648 1%

[0059] 0.4251g W - 1g R = 1g 0.528 0%

[0060] Converting the above formula gives:

[0061]

[0062] Taking the average value of α as 0.407, the characteristic factor can be expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] Fitting the corresponding relationship between the characteristic factor and the damage probability, the damage probability P S and the calculation formula between the characteristic factor C are obtained:

[0065]

[0066] where P S represents the shock wave damage probability.

[0067] As can be seen from the above formula, given the detonation distance R and the TNT charge mass W, the damage probability under shock wave loading can be calculated by the above formula.

[0068] For the heavy metal particle damage element of low - collateral - damage ammunition, its damage ability to the target is related not only to the kinetic energy of the particles but also to the number of particles hitting the target. Therefore, the specific kinetic energy of particles per unit target area e d2 is introduced, which includes the impact kinetic energy of heavy metal particles hitting the target, the number of particles hitting the target, and the target projection area. By conducting the damage power test of low - collateral - damage ammunition on biological targets, the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2 Test results of the damage power of low - collateral - damage ammunition on biological targets

[0070]

[0071] Based on the damage results of biological tests, the calculation formula for the damage probability of heavy metal particle groups to the target is obtained by fitting:

[0072]

[0073] where P P represents the damage probability of heavy metal particle groups, and e d2 represents the specific kinetic energy of heavy metal particle groups.

[0074] Specifically, calculating the damage probability of heavy metal particle groups includes steps S21 - S24; where

[0075] S21: As Figure 2As shown, set a target at a distance of R meters from the explosion center to obtain the distances from the explosion center to the upper and lower impact points of the target respectively; based on the distances from the explosion center to the upper and lower impact points of the target, use the following formula to obtain the scattering angle of the particle group generated by the explosion of the low-collateral-damage ammunition:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, β represents the scattering angle of the particle group generated by the explosion of the low-collateral-damage ammunition, R represents the explosion distance, L1 represents the distance from the explosion center to the upper impact point of the target, and L2 represents the distance from the explosion center to the lower impact point of the target.

[0078] S22: Arrange two break-and-connect targets at different azimuth angles and different explosion distances of the warhead, obtain the distance between the two break-and-connect targets and the time difference between the particle group reaching the two break-and-connect targets respectively, and based on the distance between the two break-and-connect targets and the time difference between the particle group reaching the two break-and-connect targets respectively, use the following formula to obtain the instantaneous velocity of the front edge of the particle group:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, v P represents the instantaneous velocity of the front edge of the particle group, ΔL represents the distance between the two break-and-connect targets, and ΔT represents the time difference between the particle group reaching the two break-and-connect targets respectively.

[0081] S23: Assume that the heavy metal particles are evenly distributed on the spherical surface within a certain scattering angle, and use the following formula to obtain the spatial density of the heavy metal particles:

[0082]

[0083] m p =πd 3 ρ d / 6

[0084]

[0085] Among them, N R represents the spatial density of the heavy metal particles, M represents the total mass of the heavy metal particle group, μ represents the scattering coefficient of the heavy metal particles, S represents the spatial distribution area of the heavy metal particles at a distance of R from the explosion center, R represents the distance from the personnel target to the explosion center, which is given according to the actual situation, d represents the diameter of the heavy metal particles, and β represents the scattering angle of the particle group driven by the explosion of the low-collateral-damage ammunition. Exemplarily, according to the experimental situation, μ is taken as 0.9.

[0086] S24: Assume that the sizes of the heavy metal particles are equal, and use the following formula to obtain the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, e d1Represents the specific kinetic energy of a single heavy metal particle, v P Represents the instantaneous velocity of the front edge of the particle swarm, which is also the velocity of a single particle, E d Represents the kinetic energy of a single heavy metal particle Represents the frontal area when a single heavy metal particle encounters the target. p represents the particle number in the particle swarm, m p Represents the mass of a single heavy metal particle, ρ d Represents the material density of the heavy metal particle, N R Represents the spatial density of the heavy metal particle, E d，total Represents the kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle swarm, d p Represents the diameter of a single particle, A tar Represents the area of a unit target

[0089] Exemplarily, a cylindrical warhead model with a central main charge of 206 g of TNT explosive and an outer layer of 201.97 g of heavy metal particle inlays is adopted. In order to compare the relationship with the damage probability of conventional fragments, the conventional warhead model adopts the same charge conditions and filling ratio. By using this method and the calculation formula for the killing probability of small-mass spherical fragments (GJBz 20450-97), the relationship between the damage probability and the distance from the explosion center of the LCD warhead model with WC particle sizes of 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.5 mm and the conventional warhead model with spherical prefabricated fragment diameters of 2 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm is calculated, as Figure 3 shown

[0090] There is a lethal radius for heavy metal particle killing. The injury degree of personnel targets within this lethal radius reaches 100% death; as the particle size of the heavy metal particles increases, under the condition of the same filling ratio, the total number of particles decreases, the areal density of particles hitting the target decreases, and the lethal radius of the heavy metal particles also gradually decreases; at the same time, due to the rapid attenuation of the velocity of sub-millimeter heavy metal particles in the air, their damage probability also rapidly attenuates. Assuming that there is one spherical prefabricated fragment hitting the human body at any position, then from Figure 3 it can be known that as the fragment diameter increases, the retained velocity of the fragments gradually increases due to inertial force, thus increasing the hitting velocity of the fragments on the target, and the killing probability of the fragments on the personnel target increases at the same position; in addition, as the distance from the explosion center increases, the damage probability of the fragments on the personnel target gradually decreases, and the larger the fragment diameter, the greater the damage probability of the fragments on the personnel target and the slower the attenuation. Compared with conventional fragments, more heavy metal particles hit the target at the near-field distance, and the damage probability is larger, but as the heavy metal particles rapidly attenuate in the air, the damage probability also decreases, which can better reduce collateral damage

[0091] It should be noted that when calculating the comprehensive lethality evaluation value of the damage effect, it also includes the probability of personnel damage caused by thermal radiation. Obtain the heat flux received by the human body and the duration of heat absorption by the human skin tissue, and use the following formula to calculate the probability of personnel damage caused by thermal radiation when the skin is exposed:

[0092] P r =-36.38 + 2.56ln(tq 4 / 3 )

[0093] where t represents the duration of heat absorption by the human skin tissue, q represents the heat flux received by the human body, and P r represents the probability of personnel damage caused by thermal radiation, that is, the probability of personnel death.

[0094] It should be noted that when calculating the comprehensive lethality evaluation value of the damage effect, it also includes the probability of personnel damage caused by toxic substances. Obtain the constant, concentration of the toxic substance, and the time of human contact with the toxic substance, and use the following formula to calculate the probability of personnel damage caused by the toxic substance:

[0095] P s = A + Bln(c n t)

[0096] where c represents the concentration of the toxic substance, t represents the time of human contact with the toxic substance, and A, B, and n all represent the relevant constants of the toxic substance.

[0097] Furthermore, when not considering the weights of each damage item, use the following formula to calculate the comprehensive lethality evaluation value of the damage effect:

[0098]

[0099] where P t represents the comprehensive lethality evaluation value of the damage effect, n represents the total number of damage items, P i represents the damage probability of the i-th damage item, and Π represents the dot product operation. Among them, the maximum value of i is 4, representing four damage items, including the shock wave damage probability, the heavy metal particle group damage probability, the probability of personnel damage caused by thermal radiation, and the probability of personnel damage caused by toxic substances.

[0100] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment proposes a method for calculating the damage probability of a heavy metal particle group of a low-collateral damage ammunition to a personnel target. The damage probability obtained by this method has high accuracy and reliability; a method for calculating the shock wave damage probability of a low-collateral damage ammunition is proposed. This method is simple to calculate and has a small amount of calculation, which can save resources and time; an evaluation and prediction of the coupled damage of the shock wave and sub-millimeter heavy metal particle group of a low-collateral damage ammunition are proposed, realizing the comprehensive lethality evaluation of the damage effect under multiple damage items, and the evaluation method is more comprehensive and reliable.

[0101] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium is a disk, an optical disc, a read-only memory or a random access memory, etc.

[0102] As mentioned above, the above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Based on the blast distance and TNT equivalent of the low - collateral - damage ammunition, calculate the shock - wave damage probability; Based on the scattering angle of the particle swarm driven by the explosion of the low - collateral - damage ammunition and the instantaneous velocity of the front of the particle swarm, calculate the specific kinetic energy of the heavy - metal particle swarm; based on the specific kinetic energy of the heavy - metal particle swarm, calculate the heavy - metal particle - swarm damage probability; Based on the shock - wave damage probability and the heavy - metal particle - swarm damage probability, calculate the comprehensive power evaluation result of the damage effect.

2. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 1, characterized in that Use the following formula to obtain the shock - wave damage probability: Among them, C represents the characteristic factor, α represents the exponential factor, R represents the explosion distance, W represents the TNT equivalent, and P S represents the probability of shock wave damage.

3. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes respectively obtaining the distances from the explosion center to the upper and lower impact points; based on the distances from the explosion center to the upper and lower impact points, use the following formula to obtain the scattering angle of the particle swarm during the explosion of the low - collateral - damage ammunition: Where, β represents the scattering angle of the particle swarm during the explosion of the low - collateral - damage ammunition, R represents the blast distance, L1 represents the distance from the explosion center to the upper impact point, and L2 represents the distance from the explosion center to the lower impact point.

4. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 3, characterized in that It also includes obtaining the distance between two break - through targets and the time difference when the particle swarm reaches the two break - through targets respectively. Based on the obtained distance between the two break - through targets and the time difference when the particle swarm reaches the two break - through targets respectively, use the following formula to obtain the instantaneous velocity of the front of the particle swarm: Among them, v P represents the instantaneous velocity of the front of the particle group, ΔL represents the distance between the two break-and-connect targets, and ΔT represents the time difference for the particle group to reach the two break-and-connect targets respectively.

5. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Use the following formula to obtain the heavy - metal particle - swarm damage probability: Among them, P P represents the damage probability of the heavy metal particle group, and e d2 represents the specific kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle group.

6. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 5, characterized in that Use the following formula to obtain the specific kinetic energy of the heavy - metal particle swarm: Among them, e d1 represents the specific kinetic energy of a single heavy metal particle, v P represents the instantaneous velocity of the front of the particle swarm, and is also the velocity of a single particle, E d represents the kinetic energy of a single heavy metal particle, represents the windward area when a single heavy metal particle encounters the target, p represents the number of particles in the particle swarm, m p represents the mass of a single heavy metal particle, ρ d represents the material density of the heavy metal particle, N R represents the spatial density of the heavy metal particle, E d，total represents the kinetic energy of the heavy metal particle swarm, d p represents the diameter of a single particle, A tar represents the area of a unit target.

7. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 6, characterized in that Before calculating the specific kinetic energy of the heavy - metal particle swarm, it also includes using the following formula to obtain the spatial density of the heavy - metal particles: m p = πd 3 ρ d / 6 Among them, N R represents the spatial density of heavy metal particles, M represents the total mass of the heavy metal particle group, μ represents the dispersion coefficient of heavy metal particles, S represents the spatial distribution area of heavy metal particles at a distance R from the explosion center, d represents the diameter of heavy metal particles, and β represents the dispersion angle of the particle group in the explosion of low-collateral damage ammunition.

8. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, When calculating the comprehensive power evaluation value of the damage effect, it also includes the probability of personnel damage caused by thermal radiation.

9. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 8, characterized in that When calculating the comprehensive power evaluation value of the damage effect, it also includes the probability of personnel damage caused by toxic substances.

10. The comprehensive lethality evaluation method with low collateral damage effect according to claim 9, wherein Use the following formula to calculate the comprehensive power evaluation value of the damage effect: Among them, P t represents the comprehensive lethality evaluation value of the damage effect, n represents the total number of damage items, and P i represents the damage probability of the i-th damage item, and Π represents the dot product operation.

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