Method for efficiently reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in greenhouse vegetable soil based on morchella esculenta cultivation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in greenhouse vegetable soil based on morchella esculenta cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and edible fungus cultivation. In order to solve the problem of soil nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication caused by long-term continuous cropping of a facility vegetable base, by screening a specific Morchella sextella strain and combining with optimized strain culture, inoculation and field management technologies, the absorption efficiency of the Morchella sextella on the soil nitrogen and phosphorus is remarkably improved. The method specifically comprises the following steps: soil nutrient detection and eutrophication evaluation, directional culture of strains, layered soil covering and sowing, accurate supplementation of exogenous nutrition bags, and dynamic monitoring of hypha growth and nutrient absorption. Experiments show that the content of total nitrogen (TN) in soil can be reduced by 11.27%-18.01%, the content of total phosphorus (TP) can be reduced by 2.72%-6.16%, the reduction amplitude of rapidly available phosphorus (AP) can reach 2.12%-11.35%, and the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil can be effectively relieved. According to the method, a dual absorption mechanism is formed through hypha metabolism and sporocarp, rapid reduction of greenhouse vegetable soil nutrients is achieved, and a new way is provided for sustainable development of greenhouse agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation and soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on Morchella cultivation. Background Art

[0002] In protected vegetable cultivation (greenhouse vegetable cultivation), in order to pursue high yields, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers have been over-applied for a long time, resulting in serious imbalance of soil nutrients and widespread nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. In the prior art, the main means to alleviate soil eutrophication include rotating green manure crops (such as alfalfa, ryegrass) or applying modifiers such as biochar and humic acid. However, green manure crops have a long growth cycle (usually 3 - 6 months) and limited tolerance to high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, with insufficient reduction efficiency; although modifiers such as biochar can adsorb some nutrients, they are costly and cannot achieve biological transformation and resource utilization of nutrients. In addition, although the application of microbial inoculants (such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria) has certain effects, their colonization stability in protected soil is poor and they are easily interfered by environmental factors (such as pH, temperature), resulting in limited practical promotion. In recent years, edible mushrooms have been used for ecological restoration due to their strong nutrient absorption ability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on Morchella cultivation.

[0004] To achieve the above object and other related objects, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for efficiently reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on Morchella cultivation, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Detect the TN, TP, and AP contents of the soil in the protected vegetable base to determine the eutrophication level; Step 2: Select Morchella sextelata strains and culture them in the dark at 12 - 17°C until the mycelium fills the inoculation bag; Step 3: Rototill the target plot, scatter the culture obtained in Step 2 after kneading it, evenly spread it on the soil surface, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 - 3 cm, and water to a depth of 20 cm within 12 hours after sowing; Step 4: After the mycelium germinates, place exogenous nutrient bags at a standard of 3 - 8 bags per square meter; Step 5: Dynamically monitor the growth status of the mycelium, and adjust the temperature and humidity to 15 - 18°C and the relative air humidity to 75% - 90% during the primordium stage, young mushroom stage, and mature mushroom stage respectively.

[0005] The preferred technical solution is: the raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient bag includes: 55 - 65 parts by weight of wheat grains, 20 - 30 parts by weight of corncobs, 12 - 17 parts by weight of rice husks, and 0.5 - 1.5 parts by weight of calcium hydrogen carbonate; 3 - 8 bags are placed per square meter.

[0006] The preferred technical solution is as follows: The culture medium formula in the inoculation bag: 58 - 63 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25 - 35 parts by weight of corncobs, 3 - 6 parts by weight of wheat bran, 2 - 4 parts by weight of corn flour, 0.5 - 1.5 parts by weight of lime; the water content of the culture medium is 55 - 65%.

[0007] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The present invention first applies the strain of Morchella sextelata Morchella sextelata ), and this strain can still maintain a mycelium colonization rate of more than 90% in soil with TN≥1.5 g / kg and AP≥150 mg / kg. At the same time, the innovative stratified soil covering technology (2 - 3 cm of surface soil covering) is adopted, combined with the precise release of exogenous nutrient packages, to ensure that the mycelium can rapidly expand and efficiently absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic soil. Field experiments show that this method can reduce soil TN by 11.27% - 18.01% and AP by 2.12% - 11.35% in a single season, providing an efficient, low-cost and productive solution for targeted reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in facility soil. Specific implementation manners

[0008] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this embodiment. The experimental materials used in the following embodiments are all obtained from conventional consumables and biochemical reagent stores without special instructions.

[0009] Example 1: A method for efficient reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in facility vegetable soil based on Morchella cultivation A method for efficient reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in facility vegetable soil based on Morchella cultivation, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Detect the TN, TP, and AP contents of the soil in the facility vegetable base to determine the eutrophication level; (2) Select the strain of Morchella sextelata and culture it in the dark at 15°C until the mycelium fills the inoculation bag; (3) Rototill the target plot, knead and disperse the strain and evenly spread it on the soil surface, cover the soil with 2 - 3 cm, and water thoroughly (to a depth of 20 cm in the soil) within 12 hours after sowing; (4) After the mycelium germinates, place exogenous nutrient packages at a standard of 5 packages per square meter. The components of the nutrient package are 59 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25 parts by weight of corncobs, 15 parts by weight of rice husks, and 1 part by weight of calcium bicarbonate; (5) Dynamically monitor the growth status of the mycelium, and adjust the temperature and humidity to 15 - 18°C and the relative air humidity to 75% - 90% at the primordium stage, young mushroom stage, and mature mushroom stage respectively; After harvesting, measure the contents of soil TN, TP, and AP to evaluate the reduction effect of nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0010] In step (4), the exogenous nutrient package needs to be autoclaved at 121 °C for no less than 60 minutes, and the nutrients are released by making incisions during the mycelium expansion period.

[0011] In step (5), during the primordium stage, the day-night temperature difference needs to be maintained at ≤5 °C, and the temperature is maintained at 8 - 15 °C to induce fruiting body differentiation.

[0012] Example 2: A method for efficient reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on the cultivation of Morchella A method for efficient reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on the cultivation of Morchella includes the following steps: Step 1: Detect the contents of TN, TP, and AP in the soil of the protected vegetable base to determine the eutrophication level; in the uncultivated soil, the range of soil SOM content is 18.68 - 19.88 g / kg, TN is 0.781 - 0.808 g / kg, TP is 0.423 - 0.462 g / kg, TK is 8.47 - 8.78 g / kg, AN is 21 mg / kg, AP is 28.58 - 30.76 mg / kg, and AK is 84.48 - 87.29 mg / kg; while in the soil where vegetables have been continuously cropped for many years, the SOM content has increased to 33.51 - 35.67 g / kg, TN reaches 1.68 - 1.75 g / kg, TP is 1.386 - 1.392 g / kg, TK is 8.94 - 9.03 g / kg, AN is 42 - 47.25 mg / kg, AP is as high as 192.68 - 200.78 mg / kg, and AK is 175.18 - 178.78 mg / kg. Refer to the "National Second Soil Census Soil Nutrient Grading Standard" (Table 1) for evaluation. Among the nutrient grades of the uncultivated soil, TK, AN, and AP are in grade V, grade VI, and grade II respectively, while SOM, TN, and TP are all in grade IV, indicating that the overall soil nutrients of the uncultivated soil are at a medium to low level, and there is an imbalance among various nutrient elements.

[0013] Step 2: Select the Morchella sextelata strain and culture it in the dark at 12 - 17 °C until the mycelium fills the inoculation bag; the formula of the medium in the inoculation bag: 58 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25 parts by weight of corncobs, 3 parts by weight of wheat bran, 2 parts by weight of corn flour, and 0.5 part by weight of lime; the water content of the medium is 55 - %.

[0014] Step 3: Rototill the target plot, knead and disperse the culture obtained in step 2, and evenly spread it on the soil surface, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 - 3 cm, and water to a depth of 20 cm in the soil within 12 hours after sowing; Step 4: After the mycelia germinate, place exogenous nutrient bags at a standard of 3 - 8 bags per square meter. Step 5: Dynamically monitor the growth status of the mycelia, and adjust the temperature and humidity to 15 - 18°C and the relative air humidity to 75% - 90% respectively during the primordium stage, young mushroom stage, and mature mushroom stage.

[0015] The raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient bag includes: 55 parts by weight of wheat grains, 20 parts by weight of corncobs, 12 parts by weight of rice husks, and 0.5 parts by weight of calcium bicarbonate; 5 bags are placed per square meter.

[0016] In view of the above problems, the present invention first applies the Morchella sextelata strain, which can still maintain a mycelium colonization rate of more than 90% in soil with TN ≥ 1.5 g / kg and AP ≥ 150 mg / kg. At the same time, it innovatively adopts the layered soil covering technology (2 - 3 cm of surface soil covering), combined with the precise release of exogenous nutrient bags (59% wheat grains + 25% corncobs), to ensure the rapid expansion of mycelia and efficient absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic soil. Field tests show that this method can reduce soil TN by 11.27% - 18.01% and AP by 2.12% - 11.35% in a single season, providing an efficient, low-cost, and productive solution for targeted reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in facility soil.

[0017] Example 3: A method for efficient reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in facility vegetable soil based on Morchella cultivation A method for efficient reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in facility vegetable soil based on Morchella cultivation includes the following steps: Step 1: Detect the TN, TP, and AP contents of the soil in the facility vegetable base to determine the eutrophication level. Step 2: Select the Morchella sextelata strain and cultivate it in the dark at 12°C until the mycelia fill the inoculation bag. Step 3: Rototill the target plot, scatter the culture obtained in Step 2 after kneading it evenly on the soil surface, cover the soil with 2 - 3 cm, and water to a depth of 20 cm within 12 hours after sowing. Step 4: After the mycelia germinate, place exogenous nutrient bags at a standard of 3 - 8 bags per square meter. Step 5: Dynamically monitor the growth status of the mycelia, and adjust the temperature and humidity to 18°C and the relative air humidity to 90% respectively during the primordium stage, young mushroom stage, and mature mushroom stage.

[0018] The preferred implementation is that the raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient bag includes: 65 parts by weight of wheat grains, 30 parts by weight of corncobs, 17 parts by weight of rice husks, and 1.5 parts by weight of calcium bicarbonate; 8 bags are placed per square meter.

[0019] The preferred embodiment is as follows: the medium formula in the inoculation bag: 63 parts by weight of wheat grains, 35 parts by weight of corncobs, 6 parts by weight of wheat bran, 4 parts by weight of corn flour, and 1.5 parts by weight of lime; the water content of the medium is 65%.

[0020] The above are only preferred embodiments for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Therefore, any modifications or changes made to the present invention under the same inventive spirit should still be included within the scope intended to be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient reduction method for nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on the cultivation of Morchella esculenta, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Test the TN, TP, and AP content of the soil in the facility vegetable base to determine the eutrophication level; Step 2: Select the Liumei Morchella strain and culture it at 12-17℃ in dark conditions until the mycelium fills the inoculation bag; Step 3: Rotary tillage the target plot, spread the culture obtained in step 2 evenly on the soil surface, cover with 2-3 cm of soil, and water the soil to a depth of 20 cm within 12 hours after sowing; Step 4: After mycelium germinates, place exogenous nutrient bags at a rate of 3-8 bags per square meter; Step 5: Dynamically monitor the mycelium growth status, and adjust the temperature and humidity to 15-18℃ and the relative humidity to 75%-90% during the primordium stage, young mushroom stage, and adult mushroom stage respectively.

2. The method for efficiently reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on the cultivation of Morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein: The raw material formula of the exogenous nutrient package includes: 55-65 parts by weight of wheat grains, 20-30 parts by weight of corn cobs, 12-17 parts by weight of rice husks, and 0.5-1 parts of calcium bicarbonate; 5 parts by weight; place 3-8 packs per square meter.

3. The method for efficiently reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil of protected vegetables based on the cultivation of Morchella esculenta as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The culture medium formula in the inoculation bag: 58-63 parts by weight of wheat grains, 25-35 parts by weight of corn cobs, 3-6 parts by weight of bran, 2-4 parts by weight of corn flour, and 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of lime; the water content of the culture medium is 55-65%.