Control unit, entity and method for wireless communication network

Abstract

A control unit for a wireless communication network is provided, the network comprising a full duplex node and one or more digitally controllable scatterers, the full duplex node comprising a transmit unit and a receive unit. The control unit comprises an evaluation unit for identifying an initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for the communication and evaluating a level of residual self-interference resulting for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterers. The control unit comprises: an identification unit for identifying a subset to be associated with the full duplex node in the digital controllable scatterer initial set; and the digital controllable scatterer control unit is used for providing information required for configuring the digital controllable scatterer in the subset. The control unit greatly reduces the degree of degradation of the input signal of interest at the full duplex node and expands the coverage area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of full-duplex communication, and more particularly, to a control unit for a wireless communication network, an entity including the control unit, and a method. Background Art

[0002] Generally, a full-duplex (FD) communication node is designed to be capable of transmitting and receiving data simultaneously. The FD node uses the same time and the same frequency resource unit for signal transmission and reception. The distance between the transmitter (TX) antenna and the receiver (RX) antenna of the FD node is relatively close, which will generate a high-power self-interference (SI) signal at the RX antenna of the FD node. This SI signal will obscure the input signal-of-interest (SoI) at the FD node from a remote transmitter. In other words, due to the coupling between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in the FD node, a high-power SI signal is generated, resulting in the deterioration of signal reception at the FD node. Reducing the TX power of the FD node can reduce SI, but it will also reduce the power of the input SoI at the target receiver of the FD node. In order to suppress the deterioration of the input SoI caused by SI, various solutions have been proposed. The proposed solutions are divided into three categories, namely propagation domain suppression, analog cancellation, and digital cancellation. The purpose of these three solutions is to weaken the SI signal, so that the SI power at the receiver in the FD node can be reduced. A typical FD node implementation includes three stages: the first stage is propagation domain suppression, the second stage is analog cancellation, and the last third stage is digital cancellation. The residual SI after propagation domain SI suppression corresponds to the SI existing before the analog cancellation stage at the FD node (if there is no analog cancellation stage at the FD node, before analog-to-digital conversion (ADC)). Propagation domain SI suppression is a necessary link for the efficient design of the FD node because: propagation domain SI suppression is always required to avoid damaging the low noise amplifier (LNA) of the receiver, and propagation domain SI suppression can also reduce the requirements and / or constraints on the later suppression or cancellation stages.

[0003] Currently, in order to achieve propagation domain SI suppression, some attempts have been made, for example, using isolation technology. Isolation technology is achieved by adopting an independent antenna architecture for the transmitter and receiver in the FD node. However, isolation technology has some limitations. For example, due to the form factor limitation of the FD node, the required antenna placement may not be feasible. In addition, since the received SI will have components due to the reflection of surrounding objects, the isolation effect is not good in a multipath environment, and it is difficult to scale to a multi-antenna system. In addition to isolation technology, transmission beamforming is also considered to achieve propagation domain SI suppression. In transmission beamforming, the signal transmitted by the FD node is steered away from the receiving antenna of the FD node. However, transmission beamforming and other schemes that utilize antenna directivity will reduce the coverage area of the FD node. The reason is that there are some areas where these schemes cannot be used, so the coverage area cannot be ensured. Therefore, there is a technical problem that self-interference causes degradation of the input signal of interest and reduction of the coverage area of the FD node.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above discussion, it is necessary to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages associated with the conventional methods for suppressing self-interference at the FD node. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a control unit for a wireless communication network, an entity including the control unit, and a method. The present invention provides a solution for solving the following existing problems: self-interference causes degradation of the input signal of interest and reduction of the coverage area of the FD node. The object of the present invention is to provide a solution that at least partially solves the problems encountered in the prior art, and to provide an improved control unit for a wireless communication network, an improved entity including the improved control unit, and an improved method.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved by the technical solutions provided in the appended independent claims. Advantageous implementations of the present invention are further defined in the dependent claims.

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a control unit for a wireless communication network. The network includes full-duplex nodes and one or more digitally controllable scatterers, and the full-duplex nodes include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit and the receiving unit are coupled such that the transmitted signal will generate residual self-interference at the receiving unit. The control unit includes: an evaluation unit for identifying an initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for the communication, and for one or more of the digitally controllable scatterers in the initial set, evaluating the level of the generated residual self-interference for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterer, wherein each potential configuration includes one or more digitally controllable scatterers or is an empty set. The control unit further includes: an identification unit for identifying, based on the evaluation result of the residual self-interference levels of the one or more potential configurations, a subset of the initial set of digitally controllable scatterers to be associated with the full-duplex node i A digitally controllable scatterer control unit for providing information required to configure the digitally controllable scatterers in the subset therein.

[0008] By using one or more digitally controllable scatterers, the disclosed control unit greatly reduces the coupling between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in the full-duplex node, thereby reducing the residual self-interference at the full-duplex node. Therefore, the degree of degradation of the input signal of interest at the receiving unit in the full-duplex node caused by the residual self-interference is reduced. By using one or more digitally controllable scatterers, the control unit also expands the coverage area of the full-duplex node. In addition, by utilizing the influence of DCS selection and programming on the residual self-interference level, the control unit reduces the initial set of digitally controllable scatterers to be associated with the full-duplex node, thereby reducing the channel estimation overhead.

[0009] In one implementation, the control unit further includes a first calculation unit for calculating the phase response φ of each digitally controllable scatterer d in the subset d by considering the constraints defined for the target residual self-interference level at the receiving unit. The control unit further includes: a second calculation unit for calculating the transmit beamformer and the receive beamformer at the full-duplex node by considering the calculated phase responses of each digitally controllable scatterer in the subset and the target residual self-interference level T SI ; an update unit for updating the channel state information according to the calculated phase response φ d . The control unit further includes:

[0010] a decision unit for deciding, based on the updated channel state information, whether the subset Remove any digitally controllable scatterers from the subset, and if so, update the subset to exclude the digitally controllable scatterers; an information unit for notifying other entities in the system of the subset

[0011] Identify a subset of DCSs at a target residual SI level after propagation domain SI suppression After that, calculate the subset for the phase response φ of each DCS in the subset d . By using the subset of DCSs the computational amount that the control unit needs to perform measurements is reduced, thus reducing the channel estimation overhead, which is different from the conventional method that requires the complete CSI related to all DCSs, so the channel estimation overhead is large. In addition, designing the phase response φ of each DCS in the subset d , the transmit beamformer and the receive beamformer, and the transmit power are all for satisfying the constraints on the target residual SI after propagation domain SI suppression.

[0012] In another implementation, the control unit is further configured to control the digitally controllable scatterers in the subset

[0013] In another implementation, the evaluation unit is configured to evaluate the level of the generated residual self-interference according to the positions of the digitally controllable scatterers and / or the characteristics of the beacons associated with the digitally controllable scatterers.

[0014] Beacons can be used to identify potential DCSs to be used for communication of the full-duplex node.

[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides an entity for a wireless communication network. The entity is a full-duplex node, a base station, an access point, or a digitally controllable scatterer, and the entity includes the control unit.

[0016] The entity including the control unit realizes all the advantages and technical effects of the control unit of the present invention. The entity serves as one of the full-duplex node, the base station, or the access point.

[0017] ​In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method for a wireless communication network. The wireless communication network includes full-duplex nodes, the full-duplex nodes include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit, and in a system including a set of one or more digitally controllable scatterers, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are coupled such that a transmitted signal generates residual self-interference at the receiving unit. The method includes an evaluation phase that includes the steps of: identifying an initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for the communication; for one or more of the digitally controllable scatterers in the initial set, evaluating the residual self-interference level generated at the full-duplex node for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterer, wherein each potential configuration includes one or more digitally controllable scatterers or is an empty set; and identifying a subset of the initial set of digitally controllable scatterers to be associated with the full-duplex node i based on the evaluation results of the residual self-interference levels of the one or more potential configurations Providing information needed to configure the digitally controllable scatterers in the subset among them.

[0018] The method realizes all the advantages and technical effects of the control unit of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that all the above implementations can be combined together.

[0020] It should be noted that all devices, elements, circuits, units, and modules described in this application can be implemented in software or hardware elements or any type of combination thereof. All steps performed by various entities described in this application and the functions described to be performed by various entities are intended to indicate that each entity is suitable or used to perform its respective steps and functions. Although in the description of the following specific embodiments, the specific functions or steps performed by external entities are not reflected in the description of the specific detailed elements of the entities performing the specific steps or functions, those skilled in the art should clearly understand that these methods and functions can be implemented by corresponding software or hardware elements or any combination thereof. It can be understood that the features of the present invention are easily combinable in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims.

[0021] Other aspects, advantages, features, and objects of the present invention become apparent from the drawings and the detailed description of the illustrative implementations explained in conjunction with the following appended claims. Description of the Drawings

[0022] The above - described invention content and the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiments can be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To illustrate the present invention, an exemplary structure of the present invention is shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific methods and tools disclosed herein. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the drawings are not drawn to scale. Wherever possible, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0023] The following describes embodiments of the present invention by way of example only with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0024] Figure 1 is a diagram of a full - duplex (FD) node provided by an embodiment of the present invention, where the transmitted signal of the FD node impinges on one or more digitally controllable scatterers (DCSs), and the received signal of the FD node includes signals received from one or more DCSs;

[0025] Figure 2 is a block diagram of various exemplary components in a control unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 shows the use of DCSs to reduce the coupling between the transmitter (TX) unit and the receiver (RX) unit in an FD node provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figures 4A to 4E collectively show different deployment scenarios of FD nodes and one or more DCSs in different communication architectures provided by different embodiments of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is an operational flowchart of the signaling between an FD node, one or more DCSs, and one or more user equipment (UEs) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figures 6A to 6C collectively show different deployment scenarios of one or more DCSs and one or more FD nodes in different communication architectures provided by different embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 is an operational flowchart of the signaling between one or more FD nodes, one or more DCSs, and an external entity provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 is an operational flowchart of the signaling between one or more FD nodes and one or more DCSs without using an external entity provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figures 9A to 9E Collectively illustrate different deployment scenarios of FD nodes and one or more DCSs in different communication architectures provided by different embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Is an operation flowchart of signaling among an FD node, one or more DCSs, and a base station provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 Is an operation flowchart of signaling among an FD node, one or more DCSs, and a base station provided by another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 12 Is an operation flowchart of signaling among an FD node, one or more DCSs, and a base station provided by still another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 13 Is a flowchart of a method for a wireless communication network provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In the drawings, underlined numbers are used to represent the items in which the underlined numbers are located or the items adjacent to the underlined numbers, and non-underlined numbers refer to the items identified by the lines connecting the non-underlined numbers to the items. When a number is non-underlined and has an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify the general item to which the arrow points. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present invention and the ways in which these embodiments can be implemented. Although some modes of implementing the present invention have been disclosed, those skilled in the art will recognize that there may also be other embodiments for implementing or practicing the present invention.

[0039] Figure 1 Is an illustration of a full duplex (FD) node provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The transmitted signal of the FD node impinges on one or more digitally controllable scatterers (DCSs), and the received signal of the FD node includes signals received from one or more DCSs. Refer to Figure 1, shows a diagram 100, which depicts a full duplex (FD) node 102 and one or more DCSs (e.g., a first DCS 104A and a second DCS 104B). Also shown are a control unit 106, a transmitter (TX) unit 108, and a receiver (RX) unit 110. The FD node 102 includes the TX unit 108 and the RX unit 110. The control unit 106 is used to control each of the first DCS 104A, the second DCS 104B, and the FD node 102. Also shown are a transmit beam 112 generated by a transmit beamformer at the TX unit 108 in the FD node 102, a receive beam 114 generated by a receive beamformer at the RX unit 110 in the FD node 102, and a self-interference (SI) signal 116.

[0040] The FD node 102 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and / or interfaces for receiving signals from a transmitter (e.g., a base station or a user equipment) by using the receive unit 110 and transmitting signals to a receiver (e.g., a base station or a user equipment) by using the transmit unit 108. Conventionally, there is coupling between the transmit unit and the receive unit in a traditional FD node, thus generating a high-power self-interference (SI) signal, which results in deteriorated signal reception of the traditional FD node. By using the first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B, the impact of the high-power SI signal at the FD node 102 can be reduced.

[0041] Both the first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B may include suitable logic, circuitry, and / or interfaces for providing multiple propagation paths between the FD node 102 and other communication nodes (e.g., TX and RX), thereby reducing the impact of the self-interference signal 116 at the FD node 102. In addition, both the first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B are used to expand the coverage area of the FD node 102. Both the first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B may be implemented in the form of an Intelligent Reflective Surface (IRS), a Reflective Intelligent Surface (RIS), or a Large Intelligent Surface (LIS), where a large number of reflective or scattering elements, also known as elementary elements, are used on the surface. Both the first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B are composed of many (e.g., thousands of) scattering elements, and each scattering element has an adjustable phase shift. The phase shift vector φ of DCSd dThe number of entries in the vector φ d (i.e., the vector size) is equal to the number of scattering elements of the DCSd. Each entry in the vector φ d respectively specifies the phase shift of the corresponding scattering element of the DCSd.

[0042] The first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B are respectively configured as virtual extensions of the receiving unit 110 and the transmitting unit 108 in the FD node 102, and are used for the beamformer design of the FD node 102. For example, the FD node 102 is used to transmit a signal to the second DCS 104B by using the transmit beam 112. The transmit beam 112 includes the focused energy transmitted by the transmit unit 108 in the FD node 102. Similarly, the FD node 102 is used to receive a signal from the first DCS 104A by using the receive beam 114. Alternatively, the first DCS 104A can also be used to scatter to the receiving unit 110 in the FD node 102 by focusing the DCS beam on the receiving unit 110. In addition, the first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B are respectively used to program the channels around the FD node 102, so that the input signal-of-interest (SoI) at the FD node 102 has a low acceptable overlap with the transmit signal emitted by the FD node 102. This method is used to reduce the residual SI level observed at the receiving unit 110 in the FD node 102 by performing channel programming by using the first DCS 104A and the second DCS 104B, specifically, self-interference channel programming. For example, Figure 2 This method is described in detail.

[0043] Figure 2 is a block diagram of various exemplary components in the control unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 Combined with Figure 1 the elements in. Referring to Figure 2 , a block diagram 200 of the control unit 106 is shown. The control unit 106 includes an evaluation unit 202, an identification unit 204, and a DCS control unit 206. The control unit 106 optionally includes a first calculation unit 208, a second calculation unit 210, an update unit 212, a decision unit 214, and an information unit 216.

[0044] The control unit 106 is configured for a wireless communication network. For example, the wireless communication network may include at least one full-duplex node (e.g., FD node 102), one or more digitally controllable scatterers (e.g., first DCS 104A and second DCS 104B), a transmitter, and a receiver. The full-duplex node 102 includes a transmitting unit (e.g., transmitting unit 108) and a receiving unit (e.g., receiving unit 110). The transmitting unit 108 and the receiving unit 110 are coupled such that the transmitted signal will generate residual self-interference at the receiving unit 110.

[0045] The control unit 106 includes an evaluation unit 202. The evaluation unit 202 is configured to identify an initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for communication, and for one or more of the digitally controllable scatterers in the initial set, evaluate the level of the generated residual self-interference for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterers, where each potential configuration includes one or more digitally controllable scatterers or is an empty set. Initially, the evaluation unit 202 in the control unit 106 is configured to identify an initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers (DCS) that support the signal transmission of the FD node 102. The initial set also includes potential DCS that support the signal reception of the FD node 102. Identifying the initial set of potential DCS for the communication of the FD node 102 may also be referred to as discovering potential DCS. For one or more DCS identified in the initial set, the evaluation unit 202 is further configured to consider one or more potential configurations of these DCS (e.g., the selection of DCS and optional phase responses) to support the transmission and reception of the FD node 102. For each potential configuration of the DCS, the evaluation unit 202 is configured to evaluate the level of the generated residual self-interference (SI) after performing propagation domain suppression. For example, the degree of overlap between the transmission direction and the reception direction associated with the DCS configuration can be used to evaluate the residual SI power level P after propagation domain suppression. SI. In one implementation, the DCS has a fixed position and the FD node 102 knows its own position. The FD node 102 can use this information to determine the direction towards a given DCS. In this implementation, signal evaluation can be performed using typical TX power or a range of TX powers, typical TX beams and RX beams, and previously used associated beamformers or a set of predefined beamformers. Additionally and optionally, for each configuration, the levels of two signals-of-interest (SoI) can be selectively evaluated. One is the input SoI level received at the FD node 102 from a remote transmitter. The other is the SoI level received at the target receiver of the FD node from the FD node 102. Each SoI level evaluation can take the form of a link power budget evaluation. Furthermore, the initially identified set may not have any DCS or may be an empty set.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the evaluation unit 202 is configured to evaluate the level of the resulting residual self-interference based on the position of the digitally controllable scatterers and / or the characteristics of the beacons associated with the digitally controllable scatterers. In one implementation, the evaluation unit 202 is configured to evaluate the level of the resulting residual self-interference based on the position information related to the positions of the DCSs identified in the initial set. For example, DCSs that are at a distance greater than a specified value from the FD node 102 or other nodes are not identified in the initial set. In another implementation, the evaluation unit 202 is configured to evaluate the level of the resulting residual self-interference based on the characteristics of the beacons associated with the DCSs. The beacon can be transmitted by the DCS via an active element at the DCS, or can be generated by modifying the signal reflected or scattered by the DCS, for example, by DCS modulation or any means that allows the DCS to transmit a controllable signal. The beacon can be used to identify potential DCSs for communication with the FD node 102. For example, this can be achieved by only considering DCSs with a beacon strength greater than a certain value.

[0047] The control unit 106 further includes an identification unit 204 configured to identify a subset of the initial set of digitally controllable scatterers to be associated with the full-duplex node 102 (also labeled as full-duplex node i) based on the evaluation results of the residual self-interference levels for one or more potential configurations. After evaluating the resulting residual SI levels and optionally the SoI levels for one or more DCSs identified in the initial set, the identification unit 204 is configured to identify a subset in the initial set of DCSs. This subset can be associated for communication with the FD node 102. The identification unit 204 is configured to identify a subset in the initial set of DCSs by considering the target residual SI power level T after propagation domain suppression. SI to identify a subset in the initial set of DCSs.

[0048] In one implementation of the identification unit 204, the DCS subset can be obtained by selecting a set of DCSs that results in a residual SI power P SI after propagation domain suppression that meets the target residual T SI , as shown in Equation (1):

[0049]

[0050] In another implementation, the DCS subset can be obtained by using information on the SI level and the SoI level. For example, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) can be considered part of an optimization problem, where the SINR is given by P SoI / P SI , and P SoI is the power of the signal of interest received at the FD node 102. The control unit 106 also includes a digitally controlled scatterer control unit 206 that provides the information required for the digitally controlled scatterers in the configuration subset .

[0051] Optionally, the control unit 106 also includes a first calculation unit 208 that calculates the phase shift φ of each digitally controlled scatterer d in the subset d by considering the constraints defined for the target residual self-interference level at the receiving unit 110. The phase shift φ of each DCS d in the subset d . If the identification unit 204 or the DCS control unit 206 uses a specific phase shift vector, the first calculation unit 208 can optimize the phase shift vector or, for simplicity, keep it unchanged. The calculation of the phase shift φ d considers the constraints defined for the target residual SI level after propagation domain suppression at the receiving unit 110. The first calculation unit 208 may also consider the target SoI level when calculating the phase shift φ d . In addition, the first calculation unit 208 can use any known algorithm to calculate the phase shift φ of each DCS d in the subset d , and the feasibility of this solution can be checked by verifying whether the residual SI level meets the target constraint T SI . The first calculation unit 208 calculates the phase shift φ of each DCS d in the subset d, rather than all DCSs identified in the initially used set conventionally, which greatly reduces the required computational amount.

[0052] Optionally, the control unit 106 further includes a second calculation unit 210, and the second calculation unit 210 is configured to calculate the transmit beam and the receive beam at the full-duplex node 102 by considering the calculated phase responses of each digitally controllable scatterer in the subset and the target residual self-interference level T SI . The transmit (TX) beamformer and the receive (RX) beamformer and the beams or related patterns generated thereby can be obtained by conventional techniques of using beamformers at the top of the antenna array or other pattern control techniques such as electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR). Calculating the TX beam further includes calculating the transmit power of the FD node 102 or the allowable TX power range, or includes optimizing the gain and sensitivity of the low noise amplifier (LNA) through TX power optimization so as to meet the constraint of the target residual SI level T SI after propagation domain suppression. When designing the TX beam and the RX beam, the second calculation unit 210 may also consider the target SoI level. In addition, the second calculation unit 210 can also be used for beamforming design using any conventional algorithm. The feasibility of using a conventional algorithm can be verified by checking whether the residual SI level meets the target constraint T SI . The second calculation unit 210 is configured to optimize the TX beam and the RX beam only according to each DCSd in the subset rather than all DCSs identified in the initially used set conventionally, which greatly reduces the complexity of the optimization algorithm.

[0053] Calculating the phase shift φ of each DCSd in the subset and the TX beam and the RX beam can also be performed in one step in the joint design, and also includes the SoI level. For example, d examples of these calculations are described in detail. Figure 12

[0054] Optionally, the control unit 106 further includes an update unit 212, and the update unit 212 is configured to update the channel state information according to the calculated phase shift φ d . The calculated phase shift φ d ​A new propagation channel will be generated (that is, if the phase shift of the DCS is modified, the propagation channel through the DCS will also be modified), so the channel state information (CSI) will be updated accordingly. The update unit 212 can use the measurement results or utilize the previously known channel information (for example, the channel between the FD node 102 and the DCS and the channels between the DCS and other communication nodes) and the DCS phase to recalculate the updated channel state information related to the new DCS configuration.

[0055] Optionally, the control unit 106 further includes a decision unit 214, and the decision unit 214 is used to decide whether any digital controllable scatterers should be removed from the subset according to the updated channel state information. If so, update the subset to exclude the digital controllable scatterer. The decision unit 214 is used to decide whether to remove any DCS from the subset d according to the calculated phase shift φ , the generated TX beam and RX beam, the updated channel state information, or the SI level or SoI level. Thereafter, the decision unit 214 is used to update the subset after removing the DCS from the subset

[0056] Optionally, the control unit 106 further includes an information unit 216, and the information unit 216 is used to notify other entities in the system that the DCSs in the subset subset are reserved for the FD node 102. The information unit 216 is used to notify other entities in the system of other DCSs that are not in the subset and are available for other communications. Optionally, the information unit 216 is used to notify a serving node including a base station (BS), a user equipment (UE), or a control entity of the selected DCS subset and the TX power of the FD node 102 to improve performance (i.e., resource coordination and allocation).

[0057] According to one embodiment, the control unit 106 is further used to control the digital controllable scatterers in the subset . The evaluation unit 202, the identification unit 204, and the DCS control unit 206 may require signaling exchanges controlled by the control unit 106.

[0058] In addition, the control unit 106 is used to execute the pseudocode represented by Algorithm 1. Algorithm 1 includes an association phase and a utilization phase for each FD communication node i (for example, the FD node 102).

[0059] The evaluation unit 202, the identification unit 204, and the DCS control unit 206 in the control unit 106 are used to perform the association phase of Algorithm 1. For example, the evaluation unit 202 is used to evaluate the residual self-interference (SI) level of each DCS in the initial set after performing propagation domain suppression. The identification unit 204 is used to evaluate the residual SI level and optionally the SoI level of one or more DCSs identified in the initial set, and identify a subset in the initial set of DCSs This subset can be associated for communication with the FD node 102. The DCS control unit 206 is used to provide the information required to configure the DCSs in the subset Similarly, the first computing unit 208, the second computing unit 210, the updating unit 212, the decision unit 214, and the information unit 216 are used to perform the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1. For example, the first computing unit 208 is used to calculate the phase shift φ for each DCS d in the subset d . The second computing unit 210 is used to calculate the TX beam and RX beam at the FD node 102 by considering the calculated phase shift φ for each DCS in the subset d and the target residual self-interference level T SI . The updating unit 212 is used to update the channel state information (CSI) according to the calculated phase shift φ for each DCS in the subset d . The decision unit 214 is used to decide whether any DCS should be removed from the subset based on the updated channel state information, and if so, update the subset to exclude that DCS. The information unit 216 is used to notify other entities in the system of the updated subset

[0060] Algorithm 1

[0061]

[0062] In addition, Algorithm 1 also generates DCS selection and configuration, as well as the TX beam and RX beam of the FD node 102, which are designed to reduce SI to meet the residual SI constraint. In addition, Algorithm 1 may also output a DCS-free solution, where the subset is an empty set. Additionally, Algorithm 1 can also output the following solution: The receiver in the FD node 102 does not require DCS support, so the FD node 102 only uses the subset The DCS in [description] is used for signal transmission. Vice versa, Algorithm 1 can output the following solution: The transmitter in FD node 102 does not require DCS support, so FD node 102 only uses a subset of the DCS in [description] for signal reception.

[0063] Therefore, the control unit 106 greatly reduces self-interference while expanding the coverage area of FD node 102. Compared with the traditional DCS-assisted FD communication method, using the control unit 106 reduces the channel estimation overhead and simplifies the optimization by leveraging the impact of DCS selection and programming on the residual SI. The identification unit 204 in the control unit 106 is used to narrow down the set of DCSs to be used only through partial CSI measurements and exchanges. The identification unit 204 can also decide not to use DCS for the communication of FD node 102. By associating each DCS with the partial CSI related to the residual SI level and the optional SoI level after propagation domain suppression, the identification unit 204 is used to reduce the DCSs to be used by imposing constraints on the target residual SI after propagation domain SI suppression at FD node 102 or on the SINR calculated as the ratio P SoI / P SI . After identifying the DCS subset based on the target residual SI level after propagation domain SI suppression, the phase shift φ of each DCS in the subset d is calculated. By using the DCS subset , the amount of calculations that the control unit 106 needs to perform is reduced, thereby reducing the channel estimation overhead. This is different from the traditional method, which requires the complete CSI related to all DCSs and thus has a large channel estimation overhead. Additionally, the control unit 106 is also used to consider the target residual SI after propagation domain SI suppression. This ensures that the pre-analog cancellation (pre-ADC if there is no analog cancellation) SI level is not greater than the maximum allowed value. Furthermore, the control unit 106 reduces SI by appropriately selecting DCSs, thereby reducing the coupling between the TX and RX at FD node 102, which further greatly improves the signal reception quality at FD node 102.

[0064] Figure 3 FIG. [figure number] shows the use of DCS to reduce the coupling between the transmitter (TX) unit and the receiver (RX) unit in an FD node provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 It is described in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 2 the elements in [description]. Refer to Figure 3, shows a communication system 300, which includes an FD node 102, a control unit 106, a DCS (e.g., a second DCS 104B), a TX UE 302, and an RX UE 304. The FD node 102 includes an RX unit 110 and a TX unit 108. Also shown are a first beam 306, a second beam 308, a third beam 310, and a coverage area 312.

[0065] The TX UE 302 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and / or interfaces for transmitting signals to the receiving unit 110 in the FD node 102. Examples of the TX UE 302 may include, but are not limited to, a base station, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, a smartphone, a machine type communication (MTC) device, a computing device, an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access (E-UTRAN) NR dual connectivity (EN-DC) device, a server, an IoT controller, a drone, custom hardware for wireless communication, a transmitter, or any other portable or non-portable electronic device.

[0066] The RX UE 304 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and / or interfaces for receiving signals from the transmitting unit 108 in the FD node 102. Examples of the RX UE 304 may include, but are not limited to, an IoT controller, a server, a smartphone, custom hardware for wireless communication, a receiver, or any other portable or non-portable electronic device.

[0067] In communication system 300, the receiving unit 110 in the FD node 102 is configured to receive a first beam 306 from the TX UE 302. The first beam 306 represents a signal-of-interest (SoI) transmitted by the TX UE 302. Thereafter, the transmitting unit 108 in the FD node 102 is configured to transmit a second beam 308 to the second DCS 104B. The second DCS 104B is configured to serve the RX UE 304, and thus the second DCS 104B transmits a third beam 310 representing the SoI to the RX UE 304. The direction of the second beam 308 departing from the transmitting unit 108 in the FD node 102 does not overlap with the direction of the first beam 306 from the TX UE 302. The second DCS 104B is configured to direct the second beam 308 transmitted by the transmitting unit 108 in the FD node 102 away from the receiving unit 110 in the FD node 102 while serving the RX UE 304. Thus, the FD node 102 successfully uses the second DCS 104B to achieve propagation domain SI suppression and reach the target receiver (i.e., the RX UE 304). In this way, the second DCS 104B can be used as a propagation domain SI suppression tool, which has the advantage of using all resources (e.g., TX beamformer and RX beamformer) to transmit the signal of interest to the target receiver (i.e., the RX UE 304) in the FD node 102. Additionally, the coverage area 312 represents the feasible coverage area where the RX UE 304 receives the signal of interest from the second DCS 104B.

[0068] Figures 4A to 4E Collectively illustrate different deployment scenarios of FD nodes and one or more DCSs in different communication systems provided by different embodiments of the present invention. Figures 4A to 4E In conjunction with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 the elements in. Referring to Figure 4A , a communication system 400A is illustrated, which includes the FD node 102, a first DCS 402, a second DCS 404, an uplink (UL) TX UE 406, and a downlink (DL) RX UE 408 (from Figure 1 ). Also shown is a transmitting unit 406A associated with the UL TX UE 406 and a receiving unit 408A associated with the DL RX UE 408. The control unit 106 optionally exchanges information with the UL TX UE 406 and the DL RX UE 408.

[0069] Provided is an entity for a wireless communication network, the entity being a full-duplex node, a base station, an access point, or a digitally controllable scatterer, the entity including a control unit (e.g., control unit 106). In communication system 400A, the FD node 102 can be configured to act as a base station (BS) or an access point (AP).

[0070] The first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404 respectively correspond to the second DCS104B and the first DCS104A in ( Figure 1 ). The first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404 can be respectively used to communicate with the FD node 102. To use the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404 in different deployment scenarios, the control unit 106 is used to execute algorithm 1. The following inputs need to be considered when executing algorithm 1: the estimation result of the non-DCS channel (which can also be referred to as the UL non-DCS channel) from the UL TX UE 406 to the receiving unit 110 in the FD node 102, the estimation result of the non-DCS channel (which can also be referred to as the DL non-DCS channel) from the transmitting unit 108 in the FD node 102 to the DL RX UE 408, the estimation result of the positions of the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404, the estimation result of the position of the FD node 102, the number of DCSs used (D = 2 for different deployment scenarios) (e.g., Figures 4C to 4E described in detail later), the estimation result of the residual SI power level P SI after propagation domain SI suppression, the constraint on the residual, e.g., the residual must be less than or equal to the target T SI . For example, Figures 4B to 4E describes the different stages of algorithm 1 (e.g., the association stage and the exploitation stage) in detail.

[0071] Referring below to Figure 4B , communication system 400B is shown, which includes a TX beam 410 and an RX beam 412 at the FD node 102. In communication system 400B, no DCS is used to communicate with the FD node 102. The control unit 106 is used to execute the association stage of algorithm 1. In the association stage, the control unit 106 is used to use the estimated UL non-DCS channel and DL non-DCS channel, and use the TX beam 410 and RX beam 412 at the FD node 102 to evaluate the residual SI power level P SI generated after propagation domain suppression when no DCS is used. The residual SI power level P SI is compared with the target residual T SI , and the following two results may occur. When the residual SI power level satisfies the required constraint (P SI ≤T SI) The first result is obtained when, at this time, the output of the association phase is that there is no need for the DCS to communicate with the FD node 102, and the association phase ends by providing a DCS subset as an empty set and ends. When the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (P SI > T SI ) the second result is obtained. For example, this occurs if the DL RX UE 408 is located in the problem area and thus cannot be directly served by the FD node 102 due to a large SI (e.g., SI signal 116). If the second result is obtained, the control unit 106 is used to consider using the DCS in the association phase of Algorithm 1. For example, it is described in detail in Figure 4C . The first result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is the DCS subset for the full - duplex node i is an empty set as shown in the communication system 400B. As Figure 4B shown, there is no DCS for communicating with the FD node 102. Instead of the DCS, the TX beam 410 and the RX beam 412 are used to communicate through the FD node 102. The TX beam 410 is used to transmit from the FD node 102 to the DL RX UE 408. The RX beam 412 is used for the FD node 102 to receive from the UL TX UE 406.

[0072] Next, referring to Figure 4C , the communication system 400C is shown, which includes the FD node 102, the first DCS 402, the UL TX UE 406, the DL RX UE 408, the TX beam 410, and the RX beam 412. The DCS scattering beam 414 is also shown.

[0073] In Figure 4CIn the scenario shown, the control unit 106 is used to continue executing the association phase of Algorithm 1 and, in this association phase, consider using the first DCS 402 to assist the transmission of the FD node 102. The first DCS 402 can be selected for the situation in the association phase in one of three ways. These three ways include: it can be selected randomly, when the first DCS 402 is in a direction that does not overlap with the direction of the UL TX UE 406 starting from the FD node 102 (that is, this direction can be known from the UL non-DCS channel), or when the DL RX UE 408 is in the sector where the first DCS 402 provides a coverage area (this sector can be estimated from the DL non-DCS channel and the position of the first DCS 402, etc.). After selecting the first DCS 402, the control unit 106 is used to evaluate the residual SI power level generated after propagation domain suppression when using the TX beam 410 towards the first DCS 402 at the FD node 102 and using the RX beam 412 to receive the signal of interest from the UL TX UE 406. The first DCS 402 is used to scatter the signal of interest to the DL RX UE 408 by using the DCS scattering beam 414. The evaluation of the generated residual SI power level can be carried out using the information of the UL non-DCS channel and the position information of the first DCS 402, and can also use the previous channel estimate of the channel between the FD node 102 and the first DCS 402 (if any). The residual SI power level after propagation domain suppression obtained by using the first DCS 402 is compared with the target constraint, and the following two results may occur. When the residual SI power level satisfies the required constraint (P SI ≤T SI ), the first result is obtained. At this time, the output of the association phase is that the first DCS 402 is required to perform transmission with the FD node 102, and the association phase ends by providing a DCS subset as . When the residual SI power level does not satisfy the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), the second result is obtained. The control unit 106 is used to consider the DCS configuration in the association phase of Algorithm 1, for example, as described in detail in Figure 4D . The first result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is that the DCS subset is as shown in the communication system 400C. As Figure 4C shown, the first DCS 402, together with the TX beam 410, the RX beam 412, and the DCS scattering beam 414, is used for the communication of the FD node 102.

[0074] Next, refer to Figure 4D, shows a communication system 400D, which includes an FD node 102, a second DCS 404, a UL TX UE 406, a DL RX UE 408, a TX beam 410 towards the DL RX UE 408, and an RX beam 412. Also shown is a TX beam 416 transmitted by the UL TX UE 406.

[0075] In Figure 4D the scenario shown, the control unit 106 is also used to continue to execute the association phase of Algorithm 1, and in this association phase, when receiving the SoI from the second DCS 404 using the RX beam 412 at the FD node 102 and transmitting the SoI to the DL RX UE 408 using the TX beam 410 at the FD node 102, calculate the residual SI power level generated after propagation domain suppression. The second DCS 404 is used to receive the SoI from the UL TX UE 406 by using the TX beam 416 of the UL TX UE 406. Evaluating the generated residual SI power level can be performed using the information of the DL non-DCS channel and the location information of the second DCS 404, and can also use the previous channel estimate (if any) of the channel between the second DCS 404 and the FD node 102. The residual SI power level after propagation domain suppression obtained by using the second DCS 404 to change the arrival direction of the SoI reaching the FD node 102 is compared with the target constraint, and the following two results may occur. When the residual SI power level satisfies the required constraint (P SI ≤T SI ), the first result is obtained. At this time, the output of the association phase is that the second DCS 404 is required to receive the FD node 102, and the association phase ends by providing a DCS subset for . When the residual SI power level does not satisfy the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), the second result is obtained. The control unit 106 is used to consider the DCS in the association phase of Algorithm 1, for example, as described in detail in Figure 4E . The first result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is that the DCS subset is as shown in the communication system 400D. As Figure 4D shown, the second DCS 404 together with the TX beam 410, the RX beam 412, and the TX beam 416 of the UL TX UE 406 are used to communicate with the FD node 102.

[0076] Refer to the following Figure 4E, shows a communication system 400E, which includes an FD node 102, a first DCS 402, a second DCS 404, a UL TX UE 406, a DL RX UE 408, a TX beam 410, an RX beam 412, a scattered beam 414 scattered by the DCS 402, and a TX beam 416 transmitted by the UL TX UE 406.

[0077] In Figure 4D the scenario shown, the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), therefore, the control unit 106 is used to use the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404, as in Figure 4E . In Figure 4E the scenario shown, the first DCS 402 is used to assist the transmission of the FD node 102 because the first DCS 402 is located in a direction that does not overlap with the direction of the UL TX UE 406 starting from the FD node 102. In addition, the second DCS 404 is used to assist the reception at the FD node 102 because the second DCS 404 is available and located in a direction that does not overlap with the direction of the DL RX UE 408 starting from the FD node 102. The control unit 106 is used to continue to execute the association phase of Algorithm 1, and in this association phase, the residual SI power level generated after calculating the propagation domain suppression when using the TX beam 410 towards the first DCS 402 at the FD node 102 and receiving signals from the second DCS 404 using the RX beam 412 is calculated. Evaluating the generated residual SI power level can be performed using the position information of the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404, and can also use the previous information (if any) of the channel estimation value of the channel between the FD node 102 and the first DCS 402, such as RSSI, CSI. The residual SI power level after the propagation domain suppression obtained using the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404 is compared with the target constraint, and the following two results may occur. When the residual SI power level meets the required constraint (P SI ≤T SI ), the first result is obtained. At this time, the output of the association phase is that the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404 are required for the transmission and reception at the FD node 102, and the association phase ends with providing a DCS subset for . When the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), the second result is obtained, and the association phase of Algorithm 1 is evaluated, that is, in the case of a given target residual SI power T SI , FD communication is not feasible.

[0078] The result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is the DCS subset Yes As shown in communication system 400E. As Figure 4E shown, the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404, together with the TX beam 410, RX beam 412, DCS scatter beam 414, and TX beam 416 transmitted by the UL TX UE 406, are used to communicate with the FD node 102.

[0079] In one implementation, the control unit 106 can be used to perform the association phase of Algorithm 1 by considering the input SoI and the associated SINR at the FD node 102, rather than evaluating the residual SI power level P SI and the target residual SI power level T SI . When considering the input SoI at the FD node 102, the following steps need to be considered when executing Algorithm 1: (i) The input of Algorithm 1 is the target SINR T SINR at the FD node 102, which is a constraint on the SINR: the SINR must be greater than or equal to the target T SINR . (ii) At each step of evaluating the residual SI power level P SI , the SINR at the FD node 102 is also evaluated by calculating P SoI / P SI , where P SoI is the received power of the input SoI (i.e., the signal received from the UL TX UE 406) at the FD node 102. P SoI can be estimated based on the information of the UL non-DCS channel and the location information of the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404. P SoI can also be estimated by measuring the signal strength, and the overhead of this estimation is less than that of CSI measurement. (iii) At each step where the control unit 106 checks whether the constraint on the residual SI is satisfied (P SI ≤T SI ), the control unit 106 also checks whether the target SINR is satisfied ((P SoI / P SI )≥T SINR ). When both of these constraints are satisfied, it indicates that the DCS-related subset is a valid subset.

[0080] In another implementation, the control unit 106 can also be used to use the target SoI power level of the SoI at the target receiver (i.e., the DL RX UE 408) in the FD node 102, rather than using the target residual SI power level T SI and the target SINR T SINRThis can be achieved by the following steps considered when executing Algorithm 1: (i) The input to Algorithm 1 is the target SoI power T at the target receiver (i.e., DL RX UE 408) in the FD node 102, which sets the constraint on P, i.e., the SoI power at the target receiver (i.e., DL RX UE 408) in the FD node 102, where the SoI power P must be greater than or equal to the target T. (ii) At each step of evaluating the SI power level P and the SINR, P is also evaluated. P can be estimated based on the information of the DL non-DCS channel and the location information of the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404. P can also be estimated by measuring the signal strength, and the overhead of this estimation is less than that of CSI measurement. (iii) At each step where the control unit 106 checks whether the constraint on the residual (P ≤ T) is satisfied, the control unit 106 also checks whether the constraint on the SINR ((P / P) ≥ T) is satisfied, and the control unit 106 also checks whether the constraint on the SoI (P ≥ T) at the target receiver (i.e., DL RX UE 408) of the FD node 102 is satisfied. When all these three constraints are satisfied, it indicates that the DCS-related subset is a valid subset. SoI,FDIR , which sets the constraint on P SoI,FDIR , i.e., the SoI power at the target receiver (i.e., DL RX UE 408) in the FD node 102, where the SoI power P SoI,FDIR must be greater than or equal to the target T SoI,FDIR . (ii) At each step of evaluating the SI power level P SI and the SINR, P SoI,FDIR is also evaluated. P SoI,FDIR can be estimated based on the information of the DL non-DCS channel and the location information of the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404. P SoI,FDIR can also be estimated by measuring the signal strength, and the overhead of this estimation is less than that of CSI measurement. (iii) At each step where the control unit 106 checks whether the constraint on the residual (P SI ≤ T SI ) is satisfied, the control unit 106 also checks whether the constraint on the SINR ((P SoI / P SI ) ≥ T SINR ) is satisfied, and the control unit 106 also checks whether the constraint on the SoI (P SoI,FDIR ≥ T SoI,FDIR ) at the target receiver (i.e., DL RX UE 408) of the FD node 102 is satisfied. When all these three constraints are satisfied, it indicates that the DCS-related subset is a valid subset.

[0081] The association phase described above provides an exemplary embodiment of the possible order for evaluating different possible configurations. In this example, the order of configurations to be considered is the configurations in Figure 4B , then the configurations in Figure 4C , followed by Figure 4D , and finally Figure 4E . In other possible embodiments of Algorithm 1, this order can be changed. For example, the evaluation order of the configurations in Figure 4C and Figure 4D is opposite to or parallel with the order considered in the previous exemplary embodiment. Figure 4E The evaluation of the configuration in Figure 4C can be regarded as an additional step of the evaluation in Figure 4D or the parallel version, or can also be regarded as the first step without any previous evaluation.

[0082] When executing the association phase of Algorithm 1 (e.g., in Figures 4A to 4EAfter being described in detail (already detailed in [reference]), the control unit 106 is used to execute the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1. To execute the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1, the control unit 106 is used to calculate the phase configuration φ of the scattering elements of each DCS in the DCS d . The control unit 106 is also used to calculate the TX beam 410 and RX beam 412 at the FD node 102 considering the target residual SI power level T SI . When calculating the phase shift, TX beam, and RX beam, any values used in the association phase can be reused or optimized here. Additionally, other channel measurements can be triggered to obtain new channel estimates (e.g., the overall channel of UL TX UE 406 → the second DCS 404 → FD node 102 and FD node 102 → the first DCS 402 → DL RX UE 408) through the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404, which can be used to calculate φ d , TX beam 410, and RX beam 412 to minimize the residual SI power level after propagation domain SI suppression or optionally maximize the SINR power ratio (P SoI / P SI ). It should be noted that any calculated measurement results can be limited to the subset of DCSs. Therefore, the number of required measurements is already less than the number of measurements related to all DCSs that are traditionally required. The control unit 106 is used to update the CSI and / or the subset , and recalculate the channel or trigger a new channel estimate using the latest φ d . The control unit 106 is also used to notify other entities of the DCS subset

[0083] Figure 5 is the operation flowchart of the signaling among the FD node, one or more DCSs, and one or more user equipment (UE) provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 Combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figures 4A to 4E in the elements are described. Referring to Figure 5 , flowchart 500 is shown, which includes operations 502 to 520, and these operations are executed by the FD node 102, UL TX UE 406, DL RX UE 408, and one or more DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404).

[0084] At operation 502, the control unit 106 is used to identify an initial set of potential DCSs to be used for communication with the FD node 102. This initial set is denoted as the DCS pool

[0085] At operation 504, the control unit 106 is configured to collect the link quality of the serving UEs (e.g., UL TX UE 406 and DL RX UE 408).

[0086] At operation 506, the control unit 106 is configured to identify whether any UEs are located in the problem area, and if the target residual SI power level T is not satisfied through non-DCS communication SI , then the control unit 106 is configured to construct a DCS subset The subset is not an empty set but includes DCSs that serve the problem area and satisfy the residual SI constraints. The DCS subset can be selected based on information about the areas that can be served by the DCSs (i.e., the first DCS 402 and the second DCS 404).

[0087] Operations 502, 504, and 506 correspond to the association phase of Algorithm 1. After executing the association phase, the control unit 106 is configured to execute the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1.

[0088] At operation 508, the control unit 106 is configured to calculate the phase configuration of each scattering element of each DCS in the subset . The phase shift φ d defines the radiation pattern or scattering pattern of the DCS d. After calculating the phase shift, the control unit 106 is configured to set the configuration of each DCS in the subset .

[0089] At operation 510, the control unit 106 is configured to set the scattering pattern of each DCS in the subset .

[0090] At operation 512, the control unit 106 is configured to update the DCS subset

[0091] At operation 514, the control unit 106 is configured to notify the UL TX UE 406 and the DL RX UE 408 of the updated DCS subset

[0092] At operation 516, the DL RX UE 408 is configured to receive the SoI according to the subset . For example, by using the TX beam 410 and the scattering beam 414 through the first DCS 402, the first DCS 402 is configured to assist the transmission of the FD node 102.

[0093] At operation 518, the UL TX UE 406 is configured to transmit according to the subset Transmit on SoI. For example, the UL TX UE 406 may transmit to the second DCS 404, which is used to assist in reception at the FD node 102.

[0094] At operation 520, the FD node 102, the UL TX UE 406, the DL RX UE 408, and the DCS subset in the DCS are used for communication with improved signal quality.

[0095] Figures 6A to 6C Collectively show different deployment scenarios of one or more DCSs and one or more FD nodes in different communication systems provided by different embodiments of the present invention. Figures 6A to 6C In conjunction with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figures 4A to 4E and Figure 5 the elements in are described. Referring to Figure 6A , a communication system 600A is shown, which includes a first FD node 602, a second FD node 604, a first DCS 606, a second DCS 608, a third DCS 610, and a fourth DCS 612. Also shown are a first TX unit 614, a first RX unit 616, and a first self - interference (SI) signal 618 associated with the first FD node 602. Similarly, a second TX unit 620, a second RX unit 622, and a second SI signal 624 associated with the second FD node 604 are shown.

[0096] Both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 have characteristics similar to those of the FD node 102 (in Figure 1 ). In Figure 6A , both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 need to communicate with each other in full - duplex mode. Both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are used to execute Algorithm 1. When executing Algorithm 1, the following inputs need to be considered: (i) The estimated results of the relative positions between each of the first DCS 606, the second DCS 608, the third DCS 610, and the fourth DCS 612 and each of the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604. (ii) The total number of DCSs (e.g., D = 4). (iii) The target residual SI power level T SI . (iv) The constraint on the residual: The residual must be less than or equal to the target T SI .

[0097] Both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are used to execute the association phase of Algorithm 1. The steps of the association phase are described as follows:

[0098] In an exemplary scenario, at each FD node i (i ∈ {1, 2}):

[0099] (i) Pre-select δ DCSs that are closest to any FD node (e.g., the first FD node 602, the second FD node 604). Assuming there are a total of D DCSs, the value of δ must be in the range of 0 ≤ δ ≤ D. As Figure 6A shown, there are 4 DCSs (D = 4), then δ can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0100] (ii) For the pre-selected δ DCSs, consider all possible configurations of the pre-selected DCSs to assist in transmission and reception at the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604. For each configuration of the pre-selected DCSs, the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are used to evaluate the residual SI power level after propagation domain suppression according to the transmission direction (TX signal direction) and reception direction (RX signal direction) of the pre-selected DCSs. The closer the transmission direction and the reception direction are (i.e., the closer the TX signal direction and the RX signal direction of the FD node are), the greater the SI level. By associating the transmission direction and the reception direction with the TX beam and beamformer design and the RX beam and beamformer design respectively, the evaluation of the residual SI power level after propagation domain suppression can be improved. In one implementation, the channel between any one of the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 and the δ pre-selected DCSs can be estimated, and the estimation result is used to design the TX beamformer and the RX beamformer. For the configuration corresponding to the case of not using any DCSs, the characteristics of the TX unit and the RX unit (e.g., the first TX unit 614 and the first RX unit 616 in the first FD node 602 and the second TX unit 620 and the second RX unit 622 in the second FD node 604) and the close distance between the TX unit and the RX unit in the FD node are used to evaluate the SI power level.

[0101] (iii) After evaluating the SI power level, define the DCS list for enhancing the transmission and reception of FD node i (e.g., the first FD node 602) according to the configuration that generates the lowest SI power level This list and the associated SI level are shared by the controller with the central node (e.g., the base station), or exchanged with the controllers of other FD nodes (e.g., the controller of the second FD node 604). Optionally, if the level of the SoI is also available (e.g., due to previous or triggered link budget measurements), the SoI level is also shared with the controller central node (i.e., the base station) or exchanged between the controllers of the two FD nodes (i.e., the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604).

[0102] If the list for enhancing the transmission and reception of the FD node and and the corresponding DCS selections provide a viable configuration (e.g., the DCS used by the first FD node 602 is not used by the second FD node 604), after updating the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 using the list of DCSs reserved for FD communication, Algorithm 1 proceeds to the exploitation phase. If based on the list and and the configuration corresponding to the DCS selection is not viable, Algorithm 1 returns to the association phase while excluding the non-viable configuration. For example, Figure 6B and Figure 6C detail an example of a viable configuration.

[0103] Those skilled in the art should understand that all these metrics and measures are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0104] Reference is made below to Figure 6B , which shows a communication system 600B, which shows that a first DCS 606 and a second DCS 608 are respectively used for transmission and reception of the first FD node 602. A third DCS 610 and a fourth DCS 612 are respectively used to support transmission and reception of the second FD node 604. In other words, the output provided by the association of Algorithm 1 is and In the communication system 600B, at each FD node, the DCS closest to the TX unit (e.g., the first TX unit 614 and the second TX unit 620) is selected for enhanced transmission, and the DCS closest to the RX unit (e.g., the first RX unit 616 and the second RX unit 622) is selected for enhanced reception.

[0105] Reference is made below to Figure 6C , which shows a communication system 600C, which shows that a first DCS 606 and a second DCS 608 are respectively used to support transmission and reception at the first FD node 602. A third DCS 610 and a fourth DCS 612 are respectively used to support transmission and reception at the second FD node 604. In other words, the output provided by the association of Algorithm 1 is and In the communication system 600C, the first DCS 606 and the third DCS 610 are used to scatter wide beams to provide a large coverage area.

[0106] After executing the association phase of Algorithm 1, both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are used to execute the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1. The steps of the exploitation phase are described as follows:

[0107] (i) Both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are used to calculate and the phase shift φ of d . When calculating the phase shift, it should be noted that if one or more entities calculating the phase shift φ of the DCS d have and both pieces of information, then this information can be used to direct the signal to the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604. As Figure 6B shown, the first FD node 602 uses the first DCS 606 to enhance transmission, and the second FD node 604 uses the fourth DCS 612 to enhance reception. At this time, the phase shift φ d can be selected such that the scattered signal from the first DCS 606 is directed towards the fourth DCS 612. If the entity calculating the phase shift φ d does not know and both pieces of information, for example, only calculates the phase shift φ of at the first FD node 602 without knowing d , and only calculates the phase shift φ of at the second FD node 604 without knowing d , then the DCS can be set to scatter a wide beam or aim the beam at other nodes, for example, as Figure 6C shown in detail.

[0108] (ii) Both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are used to calculate the TX beam and the RX beam considering the target residual SI power level T SI .

[0109] When calculating the DCS phase shift, the TX beam, and the RX beam, any values used in the association phase can be reused or optimized here. In addition, other channel measurements can be triggered to obtain new channel estimates through the DCS (for example, the overall channel from the first FD node 602 through the first DCS 606 and the fourth DCS 612 to the second FD node 604 and from the second FD node 604 through the → third DCS 610 and the second DCS 608 to the first FD node 602), which can be used to calculate φ d and construct the TX beam and the RX beam to minimize the residual SI power level after propagation domain SI suppression or optionally maximize the SINR power ratio (P SoI / P SI ). It should be noted that any calculated measurement results only need to consider the subset The DCS in, therefore, the number of measurements has been less than the number of measurements related to all DCSs that were traditionally required. Both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are used to update the CSI or a subset and use the latest φ d to recalculate the channel or trigger a new channel estimate. Both the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are also used to notify other entities of the subset

[0110] Figure 7 is the flowchart of the signaling operation among one or more FD nodes, one or more DCSs, and external entities provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 In combination with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figures 4A to 4E 、 Figure 5 and Figures 6A to 6C the elements in are described. Referring to Figure 7 , flowchart 700 is shown, which includes operations 702 to 730. Operations 704 to 730 are performed by the first FD node 602, the second FD node 604, the base station 701, and one or more DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 606, the second DCS 608, the third DCS 610, and the fourth DCS 612). The base station 701 for controlling the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 is also shown. In flowchart 700, the communication between the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 can be regarded as device-to-device (D2D) communication assisted by the base station 701. In this scenario, the DCS list and as well as the relevant SI and SoI levels are shared with the base station 701 during the association phase.

[0111] At operation 702, the base station 701 is used to identify an initial set of potential DCSs to be used for the communication between the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604. This initial set is denoted as the DCS pool

[0112] At operation 704, the first FD node 602 is used to calculate a subset of DCSs associated with the first FD node 602 for transmission and reception.

[0113] At operation 706, the second FD node 604 is used to calculate a subset of DCSs associated with the second FD node 604 for transmission and reception.

[0114] At operation 708, the first FD node 602 is used to send the DCS subset The associated residual SI power level and the optional SoI power level are shared with the base station 701.

[0115] At operation 710, the second FD node 604 is used to partition the DCS subset The associated residual SI power level and the optional SoI power level are shared with the base station 701.

[0116] At operation 712, the base station 701 is used to provide the configurations of the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 and the DCS subset and

[0117] At operation 714, the provided configuration seems infeasible, so the base station 701 is used to request the first FD node 602 to provide a new DCS subset

[0118] At operation 716, the provided configuration seems infeasible, so the base station 701 is used to request the second FD node 604 to provide a new DCS subset

[0119] At operation 718, the provided configuration seems feasible, so the base station 701 is used to update the initial DCS set to

[0120] Operations 702 to 718 belong to the association phase of Algorithm 1. After the association phase is executed, the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1 is executed.

[0121] At operation 720, the first FD node 602 is used to calculate the phase shift configurations for each DCS in the subset TX beams and RX beams.

[0122] At operation 722, the second FD node 604 is used to calculate the phase shift configurations for each DCS in the subset TX beams and RX beams.

[0123] After calculating the phase shift configurations, the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are respectively used to set the configurations of each DCS in the subsets and After setting the DCS configurations, the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are respectively used to provide the coverage areas and leakage conditions of their respective DCS subsets and to the base station 701.

[0124] At operation 724, one or more DCSs are used to configure their scattering patterns.

[0125] At operation 726, once the DCSs in the corresponding DCS subset and are configured, FD communication between the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 is performed.

[0126] At operation 728, the base station 701 is used to calculate the interference generated by the DCSs in the subset and

[0127] At operation 730, the base station 701 is used to calculate the configuration of each DCS in the initial set

[0128] Operations 720 to 730 belong to the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1.

[0129] Figure 8 is a flowchart of operations of signaling between one or more FD nodes and one or more DCSs without using an external entity according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 In combination with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figures 4A to 4E 、 Figure 5 、 Figures 6A to 6C and Figure 7 The elements in are described. Referring to Figure 8 , flowchart 800 is shown, which includes operations 802 to 836, which are performed by the first FD node 602, the second FD node 604, and one or more DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 606, the second DCS 608, the third DCS 610, and the fourth DCS 612). In this scenario, the operations of the FD nodes are performed through inter-node coordination, and the DCS list and as well as the associated SI and optional SoI levels are shared between the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604.

[0130] At operation 802, the first FD node 602 is used to identify a first initial set of potential DCSs to be used for communication between the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604. This first initial set is denoted as DCS pool

[0131] At operation 804, the second FD node 604 is used to identify a second initial set of potential DCSs to be used for communication between the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604. This second initial set is denoted as DCS pool

[0132] At operation 806, the first FD node 602 is used to calculate a subset of DCS associated with the first FD node 602 for transmission and reception.

[0133] At operation 808, the second FD node 604 is used to calculate a subset of DCS associated with the second FD node 604 for transmission and reception.

[0134] At operation 810, the first FD node 602 is used to share the DCS subset along with the associated residual SI power level and SoI power level with the second FD node 604.

[0135] At operation 812, the second FD node 604 is used to share the DCS subset along with the associated residual SI power level and SoI power level with the first FD node 602.

[0136] At operation 814, the first FD node 602 is used to check the configurations of the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 as well as the DCS subset and for feasibility.

[0137] At operation 816, the second FD node 604 is used to check the configurations of the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 as well as the DCS subset and for feasibility.

[0138] In one case, if the provided configuration seems infeasible, the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 send negative results (e.g., not OK) to each other and calculate new subsets and In another case, if the provided configuration seems feasible, the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 send positive results (e.g., OK) to each other and proceed to the next step.

[0139] At operation 818, the first FD node 602 is used to update its initial DCS set to

[0140] At operation 820, the second FD node 604 is used to update its initial DCS set to

[0141] Operations 802 to 820 belong to the association phase of Algorithm 1.

[0142] At operation 822, the first FD node 602 is used to calculate the phase shift configuration of each DCS in the subset for TX beam and RX beam. TX beam and RX beam.

[0143] At operation 824, the second FD node 604 is used to calculate the phase shift configuration of each DCS in the subset for TX beam and RX beam. TX beam and RX beam.

[0144] After calculating the phase shift configuration, the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are respectively used to set the configuration of each DCS in the subsets and After setting the DCS configuration, the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 are respectively used to exchange with each other the information of the coverage area and leakage of their respective DCS subsets and of the coverage area and leakage of their respective DCS subsets.

[0145] At operation 826, one or more DCSs are used to configure their scattering patterns according to the provided phase shift φ d to configure their scattering patterns.

[0146] At operation 828, the first FD node 602 is used to calculate the interference generated by the DCSs in the subsets and of the interference generated by the DCSs in the subsets.

[0147] At operation 830, the second FD node 602 is used to calculate the interference generated by the DCSs in the subsets and of the interference generated by the DCSs in the subsets.

[0148] At operation 832, the first FD node 602 is used to calculate the configuration of each DCS in the set of the configuration of each DCS in the set.

[0149] At operation 834, the second FD node 604 is used to calculate the configuration of each DCS in the set of the configuration of each DCS in the set.

[0150] At operation 836, once the DCS configuration in the corresponding DCS subsets and is completed, FD communication between the first FD node 602 and the second FD node 604 is performed.

[0151] Operations 822 to 836 belong to the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1.

[0152] Figures 9A to 9ECollectively show different deployment scenarios of FD nodes and one or more DCSs in different communication systems provided by different embodiments of the present invention. Figures 9A to 9E In combination with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 4A to 4E and Figure 5 the elements in are described. Referring to Figure 9A , deployment scenario 900A is shown, which includes an FD node 902, a first DCS 904, a second DCS 906, a base station 908, and a UE 910. Also shown are a TX unit 912, an RX unit 914, and a self-interference (SI) signal 916 associated with the FD node 902. Also shown is a transmitting unit 908A associated with the base station 908 and a receiving unit 910A associated with the UE 910.

[0153] The FD node 902 is used to perform integrated access and backhaul (IAB). The FD node 902 is used to provide access to the UE 910 and perform a wireless backhaul connection with the base station 908. The FD node 902 uses the same time-frequency resources for access and backhaul. The FD node 902 may also be referred to as an FD IAB node.

[0154] The control unit 106 is used to execute Algorithm 1. The following inputs need to be considered when executing Algorithm 1: the estimation result (H BS-IAB ) of the non-DCS channel from the base station 908 to the FD node 902, the estimation result (H IAB-UE ) of the non-DCS channel from the FD node 902 to the UE 910, the estimation result of the positions of the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906, the estimation result of the position of the FD node 902, the estimation result of the position of the base station 908, the number of DCSs used (D = 2 for different deployment scenarios) (for example, Figures 9C to 9E described in detail later), the target residual SI power level T SI after propagation domain SI suppression, the constraint on the residual, for example, the residual must be less than or equal to the target T SI . For example, Figures 9B to 9E describes in detail the different stages of Algorithm 1 (such as the association stage and the exploitation stage).

[0155] The implementation manner of Algorithm 1 in Figures 9B to 9E is the same as that in Figures 4B to 4EThe implementation methods are similar, but there are some differences. These differences are that the typical implementation of the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node) has the following characteristics. (i) In addition to the FD node 902, the first DCS 904, and the second DCS 906, the base station 908 is also fixed. Therefore, Algorithm 1 also uses the property of the fixed position of the base station 908. Since the FD node 902, the first DCS 904, the second DCS 906, and the base station 908 are all fixed, this is conducive to evaluating the effect of communication from the base station 908 to the FD node 902 with the assistance of the second DCS 906. The reason is that the change of the relevant channel is slow, while the channel from the FD node 902 to the UE 910 changes fast due to the perceived change of the propagation environment. In other words, the channel from the base station 908 to the second DCS 906 and the channel from the second DCS 906 to the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node) correspond to the channels between static nodes. Therefore, the change time scale of these channels may be slower than the channel from the FD node 902 to the UE 910 or the channel from the first DCS 904 to the UE 910. (ii) The operation of the FD node 902 is controlled by the base station 908 (which is common in the IAB scenario). Therefore, the signaling exchange is different from the previous signaling exchange described in Figure 5 etc.

[0156] In the association phase, the FD node 902 is used to use the information H BS-IAB (or the location information of the base station 908 and the FD node 902) and the information H IAB-UE of the non-DCS channel from the FD node 902 to the UE 910 to evaluate the residual SI power level P SI generated after the propagation domain suppression when using the TX beamformer and RX beamformer at the FD node 902 without using the DCS. SI The residual SI power level P SI is compared with the target residual T SI . Two results may occur as follows. When the residual SI power level satisfies the required constraint (T SI ≤T ), the first result is obtained. At this time, the output of the association phase is that no DCS is required for the communication of the FD node 902, and the association phase ends with the DCS subset being an empty set. When the residual SI power level does not satisfy the required constraint (T SI >T SI ), the second result is obtained. The FD node 902 is used to consider the DCS in the association phase of Algorithm 1. For example, it is described in detail in Figure 9C . The first result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is that the DCS subset is an empty set As Figure 9B shown

[0157] Reference is now made to Figure 9B , which shows a communication system 900B that includes a TX beam 918 and an RX beam 920 at an FD node 902. In the communication system 900B, there is no DCS for communicating with the FD node 902. Instead of a DCS, a TX beamformer and the generated TX beam 918, as well as an RX beamformer and the generated RX beam 920, are respectively used to enhance transmission and reception at the FD node 902. The TX beam 918 is used to transmit from the FD node 902 to the UE 910. The RX beam 920 is used for the FD node 902 to receive from the base station 908.

[0158] Reference is now made to Figure 9C , which shows a communication system 900C that includes an FD node 902, a second DCS 906, a base station 908, and an RX beam 920. A base station TX beam 922 at the base station 908 is also shown.

[0159] In the Figure 9B scenario shown, if the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (T SI > T SI ), the association phase of Algorithm 1 continues and considers the Figure 9C shown DCS because the UE 910 is located in a problem area and thus cannot be directly served by the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node) due to a large SI (e.g., SI signal 916). Therefore, the control unit 106 configures the FD node 902 to consider using the Figure 9C available DCS. Thus, the association phase of Algorithm 1 continues and considers using the second DCS 906 to assist the FD node 902 in communicating through a slower-changing channel (i.e., the channel between the base station 908 and the FD node 902). The reason the channel changes slowly is that the positions of the FD node 902 and the base station 908 are fixed. The reason for choosing to consider using the second DCS 906 in the current phase of Algorithm 1 is that the available channel estimates may be more accurate for a slower-changing channel. The algorithm first considers using the second DCS 906 to assist in the communication between the base station 908 and the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node). Thus, one possibility is to first select the second DCS 906 because it is identified as being closest to the base station 908. Thus, when receiving a signal from the second DCS 906 using the RX beam 920 at the FD node 902 and transmitting a signal to the UE 910 using the TX beam 918 at the FD node 902, the algorithm continues to evaluate the residual SI generated after propagation domain suppression. This evaluation can use a non-DCS access channel H IAB-UEBased on the information from the first DCS 904 and the feedback channel information from the second DCS 906. For example, this information can be obtained from the previous channel estimates of the channel between the second DCS 906 and the FD node 902. Another possibility is to use the direction of signal departure from the FD node 902 to the UE 910 and the direction of signal arrival from the second DCS 906 to the FD node 902 to evaluate the proximity of the departure angle and the arrival angle, and map it to the expected SI residual power level. The residual SI power level after the propagation domain suppression obtained using the second DCS 906 is compared with the target constraint, and the following two results may occur. When the residual SI power level meets the required constraint (P SI ≤Y SI ), the first result is obtained. At this time, the output of the association phase is that the second DCS 906 is required, and the association phase ends by providing a DCS subset for . When the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), the second result is obtained. The FD node 902 is used to consider the DCS in the association phase of Algorithm 1, for example, as described in detail in Figure 9D . The first result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is that the DCS subset is as Figure 9C shown. As Figure 9C shown, other base station TX beams 922 are used to transmit signals from the base station 908, and the RX beam 920 is used to receive signals from the second DCS 906 to the FD node 902. In addition, the TX beam 918 is used to transmit signals from the FD node 902 to the UE 910.

[0160] Next, referring to Figure 9D , a communication system 900D is shown, which includes an FD node 902, a first DCS 904, a UE 910, and a TX beam 918. Another DCS scattering beam 924 is also shown.

[0161] In Figure 9C the scenario shown, the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (P SI >T SI ). At this time, the association phase of Algorithm 1 considers the FD node 902, and the FD node 902 is used to use the first DCS 904 because the first DCS 904 is close to the TX unit 912 in the FD node 902, etc., as shown in the scenario in Figure 9D . The association phase of Algorithm 1 considers the first DCS 904 to enhance the transmission at the FD node 902, as shown in Figure 9DAs shown. When using the TX beam 918 at the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node) towards the first DCS 904 and receiving signals from the base station 908 using the RX beamformer 920, the resulting residual SI power level is evaluated after propagation domain suppression. This can be done using the location information of the first DCS 904 and the information of the backhaul channel H BS-IAB (non-DCS channel). The obtained residual is compared with the target constraint, and the following two results may occur. When the residual SI power level meets the required constraint (P SI ≤T SI ), the first result is obtained. At this time, the output of the association phase is that the first DCS 904 is required, and the association phase ends by providing a DCS subset for . When the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), the second result is obtained. The FD node 902 is used to consider the DCS in the association phase of Algorithm 1. For example, it is described in detail in Figure 9E . The first result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is that the DCS subset is as Figure 9D shown. As Figure 9D shown, the TX beam 918 is used to assist the FD node 902 in transmitting to the first DCS 904, and the DCS scattering beam 924 is used to transmit signals from the first DCS 904 to the UE 910. In addition, the RX beamformer 920 is used to assist the FD node 902 in receiving from the base station 908.

[0162] Next, referring to Figure 9E , the communication system 900E is shown, which includes an FD node 902, a first DCS 904, a second DCS 906, a base station 908, a UE 910, a TX beam 918, an RX beam 920, a base station beam 922, and another DCS scattering beam 924 through the second DCS 904.

[0163] In Figure 9D the scenario shown, the residual SI power level does not meet the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), and the association phase of Algorithm 1 considers the FD node 902. The FD node 902 is used to use the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906, as Figure 9Eas shown in the scenario. The first DCS 904 is used to assist the FD node 902 in transmitting to the UE 910, and the second DCS 906 is used to assist the FD node 902 in receiving from the base station 908. When using the TX beam 918 towards the first DCS 904 at the FD node 902 and receiving the signal from the second DCS 906 using the RX beam 920 at the FD node 902, the resulting residual SI power level is evaluated after propagation domain suppression. For example, such an evaluation can be performed using the position information of the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906 or the previous channel estimates of the channels between the FD node 902 and the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906 (if any). The residual SI power level after propagation domain suppression obtained using the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906 is compared with the target constraint, and the following two results may occur. When the residual SI power level satisfies the required constraint (P SI ≤T SI ), the first result is obtained. At this time, the output of the association phase is that the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906 are required to enhance the transmission and reception at the FD node 902, and the association phase ends by providing a DCS subset as shown in the communication system 900E. When the residual SI power level does not satisfy the required constraint (P SI >T SI ), the second result is obtained. The association phase of Algorithm 1 is evaluated, that is, FD communication is not feasible given the target residual SI power T SI . The result of the association phase of Algorithm 1 is that the DCS subset is as shown in the communication system 900E. As Figure 9E shown, the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906 together with the TX beam 918, the RX beam 920, the DCS scattering beam 924 of the first DCS 904, and the base station TX beam 922 are used for communication at the FD node 902.

[0164] The association phase described above provides an exemplary embodiment of a possible order for evaluating different possible configurations. In this example, the order of configurations to be considered is the configuration in Figure 9B , then the configuration in Figure 9C , then Figure 9D , and finally Figure 9E . In other possible embodiments of Algorithm 1, this order can be changed. For example, the evaluation order of the configurations in Figure 9C and Figure 9D is opposite to or parallel to the order considered in the previous exemplary embodiment. Figure 9E The evaluation of the configuration in can be regarded as Figure 9COr Figure 9D Or additional steps of the evaluation in the parallel version, which can also be regarded as the first step without any prior evaluation.

[0165] After executing the association phase of Algorithm 1 (e.g., as described in detail in Figures 9A to 9E ), the FD node 902 is used to execute the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1. To execute the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1, the FD node 902 is used to calculate the phase shift configuration φ for each d . The FD node 902 is also used to calculate the TX beam 918 and RX beam 920 at the FD node 902 considering the target residual SI power level T SI . When calculating the phase shift configuration, TX beam, and RX beam, any values used in the association phase can be reused or optimized here. In addition, other channel measurements can be triggered to obtain new channel estimates (e.g., the overall channel from the base station 908 through the second DCS 906 to the FD node 902 and from the FD node 902 through the first DCS 904 to the UE 910) via the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906, etc., which can be used to calculate φ d , TX beam 918, and RX beam 920 to minimize the residual SI power level after propagation domain SI suppression or optionally maximize the SINR power ratio (P SoI / P SI ). It should be noted that any calculated measurement results only require a subset of the DCSs. Therefore, the number of DCSs is already less than the number of measurements related to all DCSs that are traditionally required. The FD node 902 is used to update the CSI or a subset and recalculate the channel or trigger a new channel estimate using the latest phase shift φ d . The FD node 902 is also used to notify other entities of the DCS subset

[0166] Figure 10 is the operation flowchart of the signaling between the FD node, one or more DCSs, and the base station provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 In combination with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 4A to 4E , Figure 5 and Figures 9A to 9E are described. Referring to Figure 10 , the flowchart 1000 is shown, which includes operations 1002 to 1022, and these operations are executed by the FD node 902, one or more DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 904, the second DCS 906), and the base station 908.

[0167] In flow chart 1000, the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node) is controlled by the base station 908. In addition, a subset of DCS is defined by the base station 908, and the phase shift φ of each DCS is calculated at the FD node 902 d , TX beam 918, and RX beam 920. In flow chart 1000, for proper configuration and calculation, signaling exchange involving DCS and related SI information (and optionally SoI information) is required for correct operation.

[0168] At operation 1002, the base station 908 is used to identify an initial set of potential DCSs to be used for communication between the FD node 902, the base station 908, and the UE 910. This initial set is denoted as the DCS pool

[0169] At operation 1004, the FD node 902 is used to collect the link qualities of the base station 908 and the UE 910. After collecting the link qualities, the FD node 902 is used to share the local capabilities of SI power level and SI suppression with the base station 908.

[0170] At operation 1006, the base station 908 is used to decide whether to use the first DCS 904 and / or the second DCS 906 or not to use DCS to compensate for the difference between the SI power level and the target constraint. To this end, the base station 908 is also used to request measurements from the FD node 902.

[0171] At operation 1008, the FD node 902 is used to collect the power levels (e.g., the estimated budget gain) sensed through various DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906). After that, the FD node 902 is used to share and feedback the sensed DCS environment (e.g., DCS, SI, SoI power levels) to the base station 908.

[0172] At operation 1010, the base station 908 is used to calculate the subset of DCSs to be associated with the FD node 902

[0173] At operation 1012, the base station 908 is used to update the initial set of DCSs to The base station 908 is also used to share the updated DCS list

[0174] Operations 1002 to 1012 belong to the association phase of Algorithm 1. After that, the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1 is executed.

[0175] At operation 1014, the FD node 902 is used to calculate the phase response of each DCS in the subset ​ A TX beamformer that generates TX beam 918 and an RX beamformer that generates RX beam 920. The FD node 902 is used to exchange information about the coverage area and leakage of a subset of DCSs with the base station 908 and also to set the DCS configuration to the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906.

[0176] At operation 1016, the base station 908 is used to calculate the interference generated by the DCSs in the subset .

[0177] At operation 1018, one or more DCSs are used to configure their scattering patterns.

[0178] At operation 1020, the base station 908 is used to calculate the configuration of each DCS in the set .

[0179] At operation 1022, FD communication at the FD node 902 is enabled.

[0180] Operations 1014 to 1022 belong to the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1.

[0181] Figure 11 is a flowchart of operations of signaling between an FD node, one or more DCSs, and a base station provided by another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 In combination with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 4A to 4E , Figure 5 , Figures 9A to 9E and Figure 10 are described with reference to the elements in. Referring to Figure 11 , flowchart 1100 is shown, which includes operations 1102 to 1126, which are performed by the FD node 902, one or more DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 904, the second DCS 906), and the base station 908.

[0182] In flowchart 1100, the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node) is controlled by the base station 908. Additionally, a subset of DCSs TX beamformer and associated TX beam 918, as well as RX beamformer and associated RX beam 920 are calculated at the FD node 902, and the phase response is calculated at the base station 908. In flowchart 1100, for proper configuration and calculation, signaling exchanges involving DCSs and associated SI information (and optionally SoI information) are required for correct operation.

[0183] At operation 1102, base station 908 is used to identify an initial set of potential DCSs to be used for communication between FD node 902, base station 908, and UE 910. This initial set is denoted as the DCS pool

[0184] At operation 1104, FD node 902 is used to collect the link qualities of base station 908 and UE 910. After collecting the link qualities, FD node 902 is used to share the SI power level and the local capabilities of SI suppression with base station 908.

[0185] At operation 1106, base station 908 is used to determine whether to use the first DCS 904 and / or the second DCS 906 or not to use a DCS to compensate for the difference between the SI power level and the target constraint. To this end, base station 908 is also used to request measurements from FD node 902.

[0186] At operation 1108, FD node 902 is used to collect the power levels (e.g., the estimated budget gain) perceived through various DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906). After that, FD node 902 is used to share and thus feedback the perceived DCS environment (e.g., DCS, SI, SoI power levels) to base station 908.

[0187] At operation 1110, base station 908 is used to calculate a subset of DCSs to be associated with FD node 902

[0188] At operation 1112, base station 908 is used to update the initial set of DCSs to Base station 908 is also used to update the DCS list and share it with FD node 902.

[0189] Operations 1102 to 1112 belong to the association phase of Algorithm 1. After that, the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1 is executed.

[0190] At operation 1114, FD node 902 is used to calculate the SI power level for FD communication with the base station and the UE. After that, FD node 902 is used to request FD assistance from base station 908. FD node 902 is also used to provide the SI level and the perceived gain through the DCSs in the subset.

[0191] At operation 1116, base station 908 is used to calculate the radiation pattern of each DCS in the subset Base station 908 is used to set the DCS configuration

[0192] At operation 1118, one or more DCSs are used to configure their scattering patterns.

[0193] At operation 1120, base station 908 is used to calculate the interference generated by the DCSs in the subset .

[0194] At operation 1122, FD node 902 is used to configure a TX beamformer that generates TX beam 918 and an RX beamformer that generates RX beam 920.

[0195] At operation 1124, base station 908 is used to calculate the configuration of each DCS in the set .

[0196] At operation 1126, FD communication at FD node 902 is enabled.

[0197] Operations 1114 to 1126 belong to the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1.

[0198] In another implementation scenario where FD node 902 is used to perform integrated access and backhaul wireless communication, SoI information is used to calculate the subset of the final DCS phases and beamformers. It should be noted that the use of SoI information and the optimization problem formulation are not limited to this implementation scenario, and this formulation also applies to other scenarios, for example, in Figure 4A and Figure 6A the scenarios already described, where the FD node serves uplink users and downlink users, and two FD nodes communicate with each other respectively.

[0199] In the implementation scenario where SoI information is used to calculate the subset of the final DCS phases and beamformers, the following inputs need to be considered when executing Algorithm 1: (i) The total number of DCSs (D). (ii) The target residual SI power level T SI after propagation domain SI suppression. (iii) The constraint on the residual: The residual must be less than or equal to the target T SI . The implementation of the association phase is performed through an optimization problem that evaluates the residual SI power level P SI and the received power of the input SoI at FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node), denoted as P SoI . The output of the association phase is the solution to the following optimization problem, given by Equation (2):

[0200]

[0201] For example, given the subset of P SoI and P SIIt can be evaluated through simple link budget measurements, which involve signals transmitted by the base station 908 for evaluating P SoI . It should be emphasized that link budget measurements are easier to perform than channel estimation measurements. Additionally, in the utilization phase, an optimization problem is solved to calculate the phase shift configuration of the TX beamformer V at the FD node 902 * and the RX beamformer U * , so as to maximize the input signal of interest at the FD node 902 and consider the constraints on the residuals, as shown in Equation (3).

[0202]

[0203] Figure 12 is the operation flowchart of the signaling between the FD node, one or more DCSs, and the base station provided by another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 Combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 4A to 4E , Figure 5 , Figures 9A to 9E , Figure 10 and Figure 11 in the elements are described. Referring to Figure 12 , the flowchart 1200 is shown, which includes operations 1202 to 1218, and these operations are executed by the FD node 902, one or more DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 904, the second DCS 906), and the base station 908.

[0204] In the flowchart 1200, the FD node 902 (i.e., the IAB node) is controlled by the base station 908. Additionally, a subset of DCSs is defined by the base station 908, and the phase shift φ of each DCS is calculated at the FD node 902 d , the TX beamformer that generates the TX beam 918, and the RX beamformer that generates the RX beam 920.

[0205] At operation 1202, the base station 908 is used to identify an initial set of potential DCSs to be used for communication between the FD node 902, the base station 908, and the UE 910. This initial set is denoted as the DCS pool The base station is also used to transmit signals for P SoI link budget evaluation.

[0206] At operation 1204, the FD node 902 is used to collect the power levels (e.g., the estimated budget gain) sensed through various DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906). Subsequently, the FD node 902 is used to share and feedback the sensed DCS environment (e.g., DCS, SI, SoI power levels) to the base station 908.

[0207] At operation 1206, the base station 908 is used to calculate the subset of DCSs to be associated with the FD node 902

[0208] At operation 1208, the base station 908 is used to update the initial set of DCSs to The base station 908 is also used to share the updated DCS list

[0209] Operations 1202 to 1208 belong to the association phase of Algorithm 1. Subsequently, the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1 is executed.

[0210] At operation 1210, the FD node 902 is used to calculate the phase shift configuration for each DCS in the subset The TX beamformer that generates the TX beam 918 and the RX beamformer that generates the RX beam 920. The FD node 902 is used to exchange information on the coverage area and leakage of the DCS subset with the base station 908. The FD node 902 is also used to set the DCS configuration to the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906.

[0211] At operation 1212, the base station 908 is used to calculate the interference generated by the DCSs in the subset

[0212] At operation 1214, one or more DCSs (e.g., the first DCS 904 and the second DCS 906) are used to configure their scattering patterns.

[0213] At operation 1216, the base station 908 is used to calculate the configuration for each DCS in the set

[0214] At operation 1218, FD communication at the FD node 902 is enabled.

[0215] Operations 1210 to 1218 belong to the exploitation phase of Algorithm 1.

[0216] Additionally, when using the SoI information to calculate the subset ​​In an alternative implementation scenario of the final DCS phase and beamformer, the optimization problems described in equations (2) and (3) can also be solved by considering the SoI power at the target receiver (e.g., UE 910) of the FD node, denoted as P SoI,FDIR , as part of the objective function. This means changing the objective P SoI in equations (2) and (3) to f(P SoI ,P SoI,FDIR ), and the function f(,) can be any meaningful function as needed. For example, it can simply be given by f(P SoI ,P SoI,FDIR ) = P SoI + P SoI,FDIR . For example, P SoI,FDIR can be evaluated by making simple link budget measurements on the signal transmitted by UE 910, so this signal will be Figure 12 the signal other than the signal shown. This alternative implementation scenario also applies to other scenarios, such as the scenarios already described in Figure 4A and Figure 6A , where the FD node serves uplink users and downlink users, and two FD nodes communicate with each other respectively.

[0217] In yet another implementation scenario using SoI, the following inputs need to be considered when executing Algorithm 1: (i) the total number of DCSs (ii) the target residual SI power level T SI after propagation domain SI suppression. (iii) The constraint on the residual: the residual must be less than or equal to the target T SI . (iv) The target SINRT SINR at the FD node 902, and the SINR is evaluated by calculating P SoI / P SI , where P SoI is the received power of the input signal of interest at the FD node 902, and P SI is the residual SI power level after propagation domain SI suppression.

[0218] The implementation of the association phase is carried out through an optimization problem that minimizes the residual SI power level P SI while satisfying the constraint on the target SINR. The output of the association phase is the solution of the following optimization problem, given by equation (4):

[0219]

[0220] For example, given the subset of P SoI and P SIIt can be evaluated through a simple link budget measurement, which involves the signal transmitted by base station 908 for evaluating P SoI If the output of equation (4) is an empty set, it means that DCS is not required to meet the target residual T SI If a set that makes (in other words, subset does not exist), it means that FD communication under the given target residual constraint T SI is not feasible. If this is the case, one solution may be to change (increase) the target residual and search for subset again. Another solution may be that if T SI cannot be increased because this will make P SI too strong for any FD communication to be possible, then change from FD to other types of communication (e.g., half-duplex).

[0221] In the exploitation phase, the optimization problem is solved to calculate the phase shift configuration of and the TX beamformer V and RX beamformer U * at FD node 902 * so as to minimize the residual SI power level P SI while satisfying the constraint on the target SINR, as shown in equation (5):

[0222]

[0223] This implementation scenario can also be extended, that is, adding a constraint T SoI,FDIR on the SoI power at the target receiver (e.g., UE 910) of the FD node, denoted as P SoI,FDIR . This constraint is expressed as P SoI,FDIR ≥T SoI,FDIR and can be added to equation (4) and equation (5).

[0224] Figure 13 is a flowchart of a method for a wireless communication network provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 Combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figures 4A to 4E , Figure 5 , Figures 6A to 6C , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figures 9A to 9E , Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 in the elements are described. Refer to Figure 13, shows method 1300, which includes operations 1302 to 1308. Method 1300 is performed by FD node 102 and its alternative forms (e.g., first FD node 602, second FD node 604, and FD node 902), control unit 106, transmitter (e.g., TX UE 302, base station, or UE), and receiver (e.g., RX UE 304).

[0225] Method 1300 for a wireless communication network is provided. The wireless communication network may include a full-duplex node (e.g., FD node 102), a set of one or more digitally controllable scatterers (e.g., first DCS 104A and second DCS 104B), a transmitter (e.g., TX UE 302), and a receiver (e.g., RX UE 304), where the full-duplex node includes a transmitting unit (e.g., transmitting unit 108) and a receiving unit (e.g., receiving unit 110). The transmitting unit 108 and the receiving unit 110 in FD node 102 are coupled such that the transmitted signal generates residual self-interference at the receiving unit 110. The above method includes an evaluation phase, which includes steps 1302 to 1308.

[0226] At step 1302, method 1300 includes: identifying an initial set of potentially digitally controllable scatterers to be used for communication. Identify an initial set of potentially digitally controllable scatterers (DCS) that can potentially support signal transmission and reception at FD node 102.

[0227] According to one embodiment, the initial set can be selected based on the distance between the digitally controllable scatterer and the full-duplex node 102. The initial set can be selected based on location information related to the location of the DCS (e.g., DCS with a distance greater than a specified value from FD node 102 or other nodes).

[0228] At step 1304, method 1300 further includes: for one or more digitally controllable scatterers in the initial set, evaluating the residual self-interference level generated at the full-duplex node 102 for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterer, where each potential configuration includes one or more digitally controllable scatterers or is an empty set. For one or more DCSs identified in the initial set, consider one or more potential configurations of the DCS (e.g., selection of DCS and optional phase shift configuration) to support transmission and reception at FD node 102. For each potential configuration of the DCS, after performing propagation domain SI suppression, evaluate the generated residual self-interference (SI) level.

[0229] According to one embodiment, the step of evaluating the self-interference level may be performed based on the positions of the digitally controllable scatterers and / or the characteristics of the beacons associated with the digitally controllable scatterers. In one implementation, the resulting residual self-interference level may be evaluated based on position information related to the positions of the DCSs identified in the initial set. In another implementation, the resulting residual self-interference level may be evaluated based on the characteristics of the beacons associated with the DCSs.

[0230] At step 1306, method 1300 further includes: identifying a subset of the initial set of digitally controllable scatterers to be associated with the full-duplex node i (i.e., FD node 102) based on the evaluation results of the residual self-interference levels of one or more potential configurations. After evaluating the resulting residual SI level, identify a subset within the initial set of DCSs. This subset can be associated for communication of FD node 102. By considering the target residual SI power level T after propagation domain suppression SI to identify a subset within the initial set of DCSs.

[0231] At step 1308, method 1300 further includes: providing the information required for the digitally controllable scatterers in the configured subset. In one implementation, the DCS subset can be obtained by using the information of the SI level and the SoI level.

[0232] According to one embodiment, method 1300 further includes an exploitation phase, which includes the following steps: calculating the phase shift configuration φ of each digitally controllable scatterer d in the subset by considering the constraints defined for the target residual self-interference level at the receiving unit 110. d Calculate the phase shift configuration φ of each DCS d in the subset Calculate the phase shift configuration φ d while considering the constraints defined for the target residual SI level after propagation domain suppression at the receiving unit 110. d When calculating the phase shift configuration φ, the constraints defined for the target residual SI level after propagation domain suppression at the receiving unit 110 are considered.

[0233] Method 1300 further includes: by considering the calculated phase responses of each digitally controllable scatterer in the subset and the target residual self-interference level T SI, calculate the TX beamformer and RX beamformer at the full-duplex node 102. Calculating the TX beamformer that generates the TX beam 112 also includes calculating the transmit power of the FD node 102 or allowing a TX power range, or includes optimizing the gain and sensitivity of a low noise amplifier (LNA) through TX power optimization to meet the target residual SI level T after propagation domain suppression. SI Constraints. The target SoI level can also be considered to design the TX beam 112 and RX beam 114.

[0234] Method 1300 further includes: updating the channel state information according to the calculated phase shift configuration φ d The calculated phase shift configuration φ d will generate a new propagation channel (that is, if the phase response of the DCS is modified, the propagation channel through the DCS will also be modified), so the channel state information (CSI) will be updated accordingly.

[0235] Method 1300 further includes: determining whether a digitally controlled scatterer should be removed from the subset according to the updated channel state information, and if so, updating the subset to exclude these digitally controlled scatterers. If according to the calculated phase shift configuration φ d , the generated TX beam and RX beam, the updated channel state information, or the SI level or SoI level, any DCS is removed from the subset , the subset can be updated after removing the DCS from the subset

[0236] Method 1300 further includes: notifying other entities in the system of the subset Notifying other entities in the system of other DCSs that are not in the subset and are available for other communications.

[0237] According to one embodiment, the subset is obtained by selecting a set of digitally controlled scatterers whose residual self-interference power P SI generated at the full-duplex node 102 is less than or equal to the target residual level T SI . The subset is obtained by selecting a set of DCSs whose residual self-interference power P SI generated at the full-duplex node 102 is less than or equal to the target residual level T SI , for example, as has been described in detail in Figures 4B to 4E and Figure 5 .

[0238] According to one embodiment, the subset can be obtained by considering the SINR given by P SoI / P SI where P SoI is the power of the signal of interest received at the target receiver of the full-duplex node 102 or the full-duplex node, and P SI is the target residual power level. The subset can be obtained by considering the SINR given by P SoI / P SI For example, it has been described in detail in Figure 4E .

[0239] According to one embodiment, method 1300 further includes communication between a first full-duplex node (e.g., the first full-duplex node 602) and a second full-duplex node (e.g., the second full-duplex node 604). The evaluation phase includes: for the first full-duplex node (i.e., the first full-duplex node 602), identifying a first initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for communication; for the second full-duplex node (i.e., the second full-duplex node 604), identifying a second initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for communication; evaluating the residual self-interference level for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterers in the first initial set and the second initial set; selecting a first subset of digitally controllable scatterers for the first full-duplex node (i.e., the first full-duplex node 602) according to the evaluation result of the residual self-interference level and selecting a second subset of digitally controllable scatterers for the second full-duplex node (i.e., the second full-duplex node 604) where the subsets and are disjoint for one or more possible configurations of the first subset and the second subset. Method 1300 includes: in the utilization phase, calculating the phase shift configuration φ and of the digitally controllable scatterers d . For example Figures 6A to 6C , Figure 7 and Figure 8 detail the implementation scenarios of method 1300 including communication between the first full-duplex node and the second full-duplex node

[0240] According to one embodiment, a full-duplex node (e.g., the full-duplex node 902) is used to communicate with a base station (e.g., the base station 908) and a user equipment (e.g., UE 910), where the association phase is implemented by solving an optimization problem constructed to evaluate the residual self-interference power level and the received power P SoI of the signal of interest, as shown in the following equation:

[0241]

[0242] The utilization phase is achieved by solving an optimization problem, as shown in the following equation:

[0243]

[0244] For example, Figures 9A to 9E 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 detail the implementation scenarios of method 1300 including communication between FD nodes, base stations, and UEs.

[0245] According to one embodiment, a full-duplex node (e.g., full-duplex node 902) can be associated with a base station (e.g., base station 908) and a user equipment (e.g., UE 910), wherein the association phase can be achieved by solving an optimization problem constructed to minimize the residual self-interference power level while satisfying the constraint on the target SINR at the full-duplex node (e.g., full-duplex node 902), where the SINR is evaluated by calculating P SoI / P SI where P SoI is the power of the signal of interest received at the full-duplex node (e.g., full-duplex node 902), P SI is the residual SI power level, and the utilization phase can be achieved by solving an optimization problem constructed to calculate the phase response of each digitally controllable scatterer in the subset and calculate the TX beam and RX beam, thereby minimizing the residual self-interference power level while satisfying the constraint on the target SINR. For example, Figures 9A to 9E 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 detail the implementation scenarios of method 1300 including communication between FD nodes, base stations, and UEs.

[0246] Steps 1302 to 1308 are merely illustrative, and other alternatives can be provided without departing from the scope of the claims herein, such as adding one or more steps, deleting one or more steps, or providing one or more steps in a different order.

[0247] In one aspect, a computer program product includes computer-readable code modules that, when the computer program product runs in a control unit (e.g., control unit 106) for controlling a full-duplex node (e.g., full-duplex node 102) and optionally one or more digitally controllable scatterers, cause the full-duplex node (i.e., FD node 102) to perform method 1300. In another aspect, the computer program product includes a non-transitory storage medium storing the computer-readable code modules.

[0248] Without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, modifications may be made to the embodiments of the invention described above. Expressions such as "comprising," "incorporating," "having," "being," etc., used to describe and claim the invention are to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, i.e., items, components, or elements not explicitly described may also be present. References to the singular should also be construed as referring to the plural. The term "exemplary" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments, and / or excludes combinations of features of other embodiments. The term "optionally" as used herein means "provided in some embodiments and not provided in other embodiments." It should be understood that certain features of the invention that are described in the context of separate embodiments for clarity may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, the various features of the invention that are described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity may also be provided separately or in any suitable combination or, where appropriate, in any other described embodiment of the invention.

Claims

1. A control unit (106) for a wireless communication network, characterized in that, The wireless communication network includes a full-duplex node (102) and one or more digitally controllable scatterers. The full-duplex node (102) includes a transmitting unit (108) and a receiving unit (110). The transmitting unit (108) and the receiving unit (110) are coupled such that the transmitted signal will generate residual self-interference at the receiving unit (110). The control unit (106) includes: An evaluation unit (202) for identifying an initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for the communication, and for one or more of the digitally controllable scatterers in the initial set, evaluating the level of the generated residual self-interference for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterer, wherein each potential configuration includes one or more digitally controllable scatterers or is an empty set; An identification unit (204) configured to identify a subset d of the initial set of digitally controllable scatterers to be associated with the full-duplex node i (102) according to an evaluation result of the residual self-interference level of the one or more potential configurations i ; Digital controllable scatterer control unit (206) for providing information required to configure the digital controllable scatterers in the subset d i therein.

2. The control unit (106) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further included is: A first computing unit (208) for calculating a phase shift φ of each digitally controllable scatterer d in the subset d by considering a constraint defined for a target residual self-interference level at the receiving unit (110). i d ;​ A second computing unit (210) for calculating a transmit beamformer for generating a transmit beam (112) and a receive beamformer for generating a receive beam (114) at the full-duplex node (102) by considering the calculated phase responses of each of the digitally controllable scatterers in the subset d i and the target residual self-interference level T SI ; Update unit (212) for updating channel state information according to the calculated phase shift φ d ​ A decision-making unit (214) for deciding, according to the updated channel state information, whether any digital controllable scatterers should be removed from the subset d i and if so, updating the subset d i to exclude the digital controllable scatterers; An information unit (216) for notifying other entities in the system of the subset d i .

3. The control unit (106) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, is also used for: controlling the subset d i among the digitally controllable scatterers.

4. The control unit (106) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The evaluation unit (202) is configured to evaluate the level of the generated residual self-interference according to the position of the digitally controllable scatterer and / or the characteristics of the beacon associated with the digitally controllable scatterer.

5. An entity for a wireless communication network, characterized in that, The entity is one of a full-duplex node (102), a base station, an access point, or a digitally controllable scatterer, and the entity includes a control unit (106) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A method (1300) for a wireless communication network, characterized in that, The wireless communication network includes a full-duplex node (102), the full-duplex node (102) includes a transmitting unit (108) and a receiving unit (110). In a system including a set of one or more digitally controllable scatterers, the transmitting unit (108) and the receiving unit (110) are coupled such that the transmitted signal generates residual self-interference at the receiving unit (110). The method (1300) includes an evaluation phase, and the evaluation phase includes the following steps: Identifying an initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for the communication; For one or more of the digitally controllable scatterers in the initial set, evaluating the level of the residual self-interference generated at the full-duplex node (102) for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterer, wherein each potential configuration includes one or more digitally controllable scatterers or is an empty set; Based on the evaluation result of the residual self-interference level according to the one or more potential configurations, identify the subset d in the initial set of digitally controllable scatterers to be associated with the full-duplex node i (102) i , Provide the information required for configuring the digital controllable scatterers in the subset d i ​ 7. The method (1300) according to claim 6, wherein It further includes a utilization stage, wherein the utilization stage includes the following steps: calculating the phase shift φ of each digitally controllable scatterer d in the subset d by considering the constraint defined for the target residual self-interference level at the receiving unit i ; d ; By considering the calculated phase response of each digitally controllable scatterer in the subset d i and the target residual self-interference level T SI , calculate the TX beamformer and the RX beamformer at the full-duplex node (102); Based on the calculated phase shift φ d Update the channel state information; Determine whether a digitally controllable scatterer should be removed from the subset d according to the updated channel state information. If so, update the subset d i to exclude the digitally controllable scatterer i ; Notify other entities in the system of the subset d i .

8. The method (1300) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The initial set is selected according to the distance between the digitally controllable scatterer and the full-duplex node (102).

9. The method (1300) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, The step of evaluating the self-interference level is performed according to the position of the digitally controllable scatterer and / or the characteristics of the beacon associated with the digitally controllable scatterer.

10. The method (1300) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that, The subset d i is obtained by selecting a set of digitally controllable scatterers, where the digitally controllable scatterers enable the residual self-interference power P SI at the full-duplex node (102) to be less than or equal to the target residual level T SI .

11. The method (1300) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that, The subset d i is obtained by considering the SINR given by P SoI / P SI , where P SoI is the power of the signal of interest received at the full-duplex node (102) or at the target receiver of the full-duplex node, and P SI is the target residual power level.

12. The method (1300) according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that, Relates to communication between a first full-duplex node (602) and a second full-duplex node (604), and the evaluation phase includes: for the first full-duplex node (602), identifying a first initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for communication; for the second full-duplex node (604), identifying a second initial set of potential digitally controllable scatterers to be used for communication; evaluating the residual self-interference level for one or more potential configurations of the digitally controllable scatterers in the first initial set and the second initial set; based on the evaluation result of the residual self-interference level, selecting a first subset d1 of digitally controllable scatterers for the first full-duplex node (602) and a second subset d2 of digitally controllable scatterers for the second full-duplex node (604), where the subsets d1 and d2 are disjoint for one or more possible configurations of the first subset and the second subset; the method (1300) includes: in the utilization phase, calculating the phase shifts φ of the digitally controllable scatterers d ∈ d1 and DCS d ∈ d2 d .

13. The method (1300) according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that, The full-duplex node (902) is used to communicate with a base station (908) and a user equipment (910), and the association phase is implemented by solving an optimization problem, and the optimization problem is constructed to evaluate the residual self-interference power level and the received power P of the signal of interest SoI , as shown in the following equation: The utilization phase is achieved by solving an optimization problem, as shown in the following equation:

14. The method (1300) according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that, The full-duplex node (902) is associated with the base station (908) and the user equipment (910), and the association phase is achieved by solving an optimization problem constructed to minimize the residual self-interference power level while satisfying the constraint on the target SINR at the full-duplex node (902), where the SINR is evaluated by calculating P SoI / P SI , where P SoI is the power of the signal of interest received at the full-duplex node (902), and P SI is the residual SI power level; the utilization phase is achieved by solving an optimization problem constructed to calculate the phase response of each digitally controllable scatterer in the subset d i and to calculate the TX beamformer and the RX beamformer such that the residual self-interference power level is minimized while satisfying the constraint on the target SINR.

15. A computer program product including computer-readable code modules, characterized in that, When the computer program product runs in a control unit (106) for controlling a full-duplex node (102) and optionally one or more digitally controllable scatterers, the computer-readable code module causes the full-duplex node (102) to execute the method (1300) according to any one of claims 6 to 14 above.

16. The computer program product according to claim 15, wherein Including a non-transitory storage medium storing the computer-readable code module.

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