Garlic planting soil ecological optimization method based on biodegradable film

Abstract

The invention discloses a garlic planting soil ecological optimization method based on a biodegradable film, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting.The garlic planting soil ecological optimization method comprises the steps that sandy loam land parcels with appropriate terrain, fertility and pH value are screened, and deep ploughing and organic fertilizer application are conducted before planting; a biodegradable film with a specific raw material ratio is selected for covering; performing low-temperature or sterilization treatment on the garlic seeds, and then performing accurate sowing; intelligent irrigation, precise fertilization and green pest control and prevention technologies are adopted in the growth period; and after harvesting, carrying out environment-friendly composting treatment on the residual film. According to the method, the problems of mulching film pollution, soil degradation and the like in traditional planting are effectively solved, the garlic yield and quality can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil is enhanced, diseases and pests are reduced, resource recycling is achieved, garlic planting is promoted to develop towards the green, efficient and sustainable direction, and remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and specifically provides an ecological optimization method for garlic planting soil based on biodegradable films. Background Technique

[0002] During the traditional garlic planting process, although polyethylene mulch can play roles in heat preservation, moisture conservation, and weed suppression, it is difficult to degrade. Long-term use leads to a large accumulation of residual films in the soil, which damages the soil structure, hinders the growth of crop roots, reduces soil aeration and water permeability, affects soil microbial activity and nutrient cycling, and then causes a decline in garlic yield and quality. In addition, the planting method that overly relies on chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only increases production costs but also causes soil compaction, salinization, and environmental pollution, endangering the quality safety of agricultural products and ecological balance. The existing application of biodegradable films in garlic planting lacks a systematic technical solution and cannot effectively achieve soil ecological optimization and improvement of planting benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new garlic planting method that takes into account environmental protection and high efficiency.

[0003] In view of this, this application is specifically proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological optimization method for garlic planting soil based on biodegradable films to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technique.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the ecological optimization method for garlic planting soil based on biodegradable films provided by the present invention includes:

[0006] S1 Field Selection: Select a slightly acidic sandy loam with a flat terrain, organic matter content ≥ 2%, convenient irrigation and drainage, relatively low groundwater level, and soil pH value of 6.0 - 7.0 as the planting field; by screening suitable soil conditions, an ideal basic environment is provided for garlic growth, which is beneficial to root development and nutrient absorption, reduces growth obstacles caused by unsuitable soil, improves garlic yield and quality, and at the same time maintains the stability of the soil ecosystem.

[0007] S2 Soil Treatment: 20 - 30 days before planting, plow the field to a depth of 25 - 30 cm, evenly apply 1000 - 1500 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and then harrow it flat; deep plowing the soil can break the plow sole and improve soil aeration and water permeability; applying decomposed organic fertilizer can increase the soil organic matter content, improve soil fertility, optimize the soil microbial community structure, and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, creating a good soil microecological environment for garlic growth.

[0008] S3 Film Mulching Operation: Use a biodegradable film made of 70 - 94% PBAT, 3 - 10% PLA, and 3 - 20% plant fiber, with a film thickness of 0.01 - 0.02 mm. Level and cover the field by mechanical or manual means, and compact the film edges with soil; the biodegradable film can effectively inhibit soil moisture evaporation, maintain soil moisture; reduce weed growth, and lower the weeding cost; at the same time, it can avoid the pollution of the soil caused by the residue of traditional plastic film, and after its degradation, it can also supplement organic matter to the soil, promoting the virtuous cycle of the soil ecosystem.

[0009] S4 Garlic Seed Treatment: Select high-quality garlic seeds and carry out one of the following pretreatment methods before sowing: treat at 2 - 5°C for 3 - 5 days for 1 - 2 weeks before sowing, or soak in a 0.1 - 0.3% fungicide solution for 12 - 24 hours. Sow at a row spacing of 20 - 25 cm, a plant spacing of 10 - 15 cm, and a depth of 3 - 5 cm, and then cover the soil with 2 - 3 cm; the selection of high-quality garlic seeds combined with pretreatment can improve the germination rate and uniformity of garlic seeds, and enhance the stress resistance of seedlings; reasonable sowing density and depth are conducive to the distribution of the growth space of garlic plants, promoting root development and above-ground growth, laying a foundation for high yield.

[0010] S5 Field Management: During the growth period, according to the soil moisture, maintain the soil water content at 70 - 80% by using drip irrigation (drip head flow rate 2 - 3 L / h) or sprinkler irrigation (working pressure 0.2 - 0.3 MPa) during the critical growth period. Apply 15 - 20 kg of urea per mu during the greening stage, and apply 10 - 15 kg of water-soluble fertilizer with major elements during the flower bud differentiation stage. Break the film and release the seedlings in time and clean the debris and weeds on the film surface; precise irrigation and fertilization can supply water and nutrients reasonably according to the needs of different growth stages of garlic, improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, avoid waste and environmental pollution; break the film and release the seedlings in time and clean the debris and weeds to ensure the normal growth of garlic and maintain the effect of film mulching.

[0011] S6 Pest and Disease Control: Comprehensively adopt agricultural control, biological control by releasing 100 - 150 ladybugs per mu and hanging 5 - 8 sex pheromone traps, and physical control by setting up 15 - 20 W insecticidal lamps every 3 - 5 mu. Use low-toxic chemical pesticides when necessary; adopt an integrated control strategy mainly based on green prevention and control technologies, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, reduce the risk of pesticide residues, protect the farmland ecological environment and biodiversity; at the same time, effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases, and ensure the yield and quality safety of garlic.

[0012] S7 Harvesting and Treatment: Harvest garlic on sunny days after it matures, collect the residual film and carry out composting treatment at 50 - 60°C, humidity 50 - 60% and adding 5 - 10% microbial inoculum for no less than 30 days; timely harvesting ensures the quality of garlic; carry out composting treatment on the residual film to accelerate its degradation, prevent the residual film from affecting subsequent planting, and at the same time, the composting product can be used as organic fertilizer to return to the field, realizing resource recycling and further improving the soil structure and fertility.

[0013] Furthermore, in S2, the organic matter content of the matured organic fertilizer is ≥ 45%, and the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ≥ 15%. Organic fertilizers with high organic matter and nutrient content can more effectively improve the physical structure of the soil, increase soil microbial activity, continuously provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of garlic, enhance the soil's fertilizer retention and supply capacity, and promote the healthy growth of garlic.

[0014] Furthermore, in S3, before laying the biodegradable film, 3 - 5 kg of water-retaining agent with a water absorption multiple of 200 - 300 times is evenly spread per mu. The water-retaining agent can absorb and store a large amount of water in the soil, slowly release it during dry periods, maintain the stability of soil humidity, enhance the soil's drought resistance ability, reduce the number of irrigation times, improve water resource utilization efficiency, and provide a good water environment for the growth of garlic.

[0015] Furthermore, in S3, the biodegradable film completely degrades within 60 - 90 days in the natural environment. The clear degradation period ensures that the plastic film degrades in a timely manner after playing an effective role in the growth process of garlic, avoiding adverse effects on soil structure and microbial activity caused by long-term residues, and ensuring the sustainability of the soil ecosystem.

[0016] Furthermore, in S4, the low-temperature pretreatment is specifically a 3-day treatment at 3°C, and the fungicide soaking is carried out by soaking in a 0.2% carbendazim solution for 18 hours. Specific pretreatment parameters can maximize the activation of garlic seed vigor, break dormancy, effectively kill the pathogenic bacteria carried by garlic seeds at the same time, reduce the occurrence probability of seedling diseases, and improve the survival rate and robustness of seedlings.

[0017] Furthermore, in S5, during drip irrigation, the relative soil water content is stabilized at 75 ± 5%. Precisely controlling the soil water content can meet the water requirements of garlic at different growth stages, avoid damage to the roots caused by excessive or insufficient water, improve water use efficiency, and promote the growth of garlic plants and the swelling of bulbs.

[0018] Furthermore, in S6, the height of the insect trap lamp from the ground is 1.5 - 2 meters. A reasonable hanging height of the insect trap lamp can expand the trapping range, effectively attract pests, improve the trapping efficiency, reduce the damage of pests to garlic, and at the same time avoid affecting non-target organisms and protect the ecological balance.

[0019] Furthermore, in S7, during the composting process, turning the pile is carried out every 7 - 10 days. Regularly turning the pile can make the compost materials fully contact with oxygen, promote the uniform decomposition of microbial residues of plastic film and other compost materials, accelerate the composting process, ensure the quality of compost, make the compost products reach the field return standard faster, and improve resource utilization efficiency.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. Improve soil fertility and structure: By screening suitable fields, applying well-rotted organic fertilizers, and deeply plowing the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the soil organic matter content, optimize the microbial community structure, enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and provide a good soil environment for garlic growth.

[0022] 2. Environmental protection and sustainability: Use biodegradable films that can be completely degraded within 60 - 90 days to avoid plastic film residue pollution; after composting the residual films and returning them to the field, achieve resource recycling, reduce the negative impact on the soil and environment, and promote the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

[0023] 3. Increase production and improve quality: Scientific garlic seed treatment, precise water and fertilizer management, and green pest and disease control measures can improve the germination rate of garlic seeds and the survival rate of seedlings, enhance the stress resistance of plants, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, promote the growth and development of garlic, increase the yield and quality of garlic, and improve the economic benefits of planting.

[0024] 4. Save water, fertilizer, and increase efficiency: Intelligent irrigation and precise fertilization technologies can supply water and fertilizer reasonably according to the growth needs of garlic, avoid waste, improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, reduce production costs, and at the same time reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of an ecological optimization method for garlic planting soil based on biodegradable films. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: An ecological optimization method for garlic planting soil based on biodegradable films, including:

[0028] I. S1 Field Screening

[0029] 1.1 Topographic and Geomorphic Assessment

[0030] Precisely measure the candidate plots using a level. It is required that the slope of the plot does not exceed 3° to ensure that irrigation water and rainwater can drain naturally and smoothly. If selecting a site in hilly areas, it is necessary to plan the planting area along the contour line direction and build drainage ditches accordingly to effectively prevent soil erosion and create a stable topographic condition for garlic growth.

[0031] 1.2 Precise Detection of Soil Fertility

[0032] Use a high-precision portable soil detector to measure the soil organic matter content. When the test result shows that the organic matter content reaches 2% or more, it indicates that the soil has a good fertility foundation. At the same time, it is necessary to synchronously detect the contents of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil, and their ideal value ranges are 80 - 120 mg / kg, 20 - 40 mg / kg, and 150 - 250 mg / kg respectively. If a certain nutrient index fails to meet the standard, it is necessary to adjust the fertilization plan accordingly in the follow-up to meet the nutritional needs of garlic growth.

[0033] 1.3 Soil Texture and pH Regulation

[0034] Through the laboratory sieving method or the traditional hand measurement method, accurately judge the soil texture to ensure that it is sandy loam with good air permeability and water retention. Use a high-precision portable soil pH meter to measure the soil pH value. If the pH value is lower than 6.0, uniformly spread lime powder at a dosage of 50 - 100 kg per mu and carry out ploughing and mixing to increase the soil pH value; if the pH value is higher than 7.0, apply 20 - 30 kg of sulfur powder per mu and also carry out ploughing treatment to stabilize the soil pH value in the slightly acidic range of 6.0 - 7.0. After the adjustment is completed, it is necessary to conduct a re-test to ensure that the soil pH value meets the requirements.

[0035] II. S2 Soil Treatment

[0036] 2.1 Deep Ploughing Operation

[0037] About 25 days before the planned planting, select a deep tillage machine equipped with a subsoiling device for tillage operations. Precisely set the tillage depth to 28 cm, and keep the machine moving at a constant speed during the operation, with the speed controlled at 3 - 5 km / h, ensuring that the tillage depth is uniform, effectively breaking the plough sole, and significantly improving the soil aeration and water permeability, creating a loose soil environment for the growth and development of garlic roots.

[0038] 2.2 Application of High-Quality Organic Fertilizer

[0039] Select well-rotted farmyard manure such as pig manure, cow manure, or chicken manure. The rotted organic fertilizer should have no obvious foul smell, be uniformly dark brown in color, and soft in texture. Use a mechanical fertilizer spreader or manual uniform spreading method to apply 1200 kg / mu of organic fertilizer on the surface of the ploughed soil. After the spreading is completed, use a rotary tiller to level the soil, with the rotary tillage depth controlled at 10 - 15 cm, ensuring that the organic fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil, and the mixing uniformity reaches more than 85%, thereby improving the soil fertility and optimizing the soil microbial community structure.

[0040] III. S3 Film Mulching Operation

[0041] 3.1 Strict Screening of Biodegradable Films

[0042] Purchase a biodegradable film that complies with the standard of GB / T19277.1-2011 "Determination of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradation Ability of Materials under Controlled Composting Conditions". Its raw material composition is 80% PBAT, 5% PLA, and 15% plant fiber. The film thickness is strictly controlled at 0.015 mm. Carefully check the appearance quality of the film, requiring the surface to be flat and smooth, without defects such as bubbles, holes, and impurities. Ensure that the film can be completely degraded within 60 - 90 days in the natural environment to avoid polluting the soil.

[0043] 3.2 Standardized laying process

[0044] Mechanical laying: Use a professional plastic film mulching machine for laying operations. Correctly install the biodegradable film on the machine reel, adjust the laying width of the film to be 10 - 15 cm wider than the planting ridge surface, and at the same time adjust the tension of the film to 15 - 20 N to ensure that the film is laid flat and will not be damaged due to excessive tension. The mechanical traveling speed is controlled at 2 - 3 km / h. During the laying process, use the soil covering device to press the film edge into the soil, and the soil covering thickness is maintained at 3 - 5 cm. Use soil piles to compact it additionally every 1 - 2 meters to effectively prevent the plastic film from being lifted by strong winds.

[0045] Manual laying: Arrange two people in a group for operation. One person slowly pulls the film roll forward, and the other person uses a bamboo rake or wooden board to unfold and carefully smooth the film behind to ensure that the film fits tightly with the soil. Every 1 meter or so, use a spade to take soil to compact the film edge, and the edge soil covering width is not less than 10 cm. During the laying process, it is necessary to check the film surface at any time. Once wrinkles or damages are found, adjust or repair immediately to ensure the quality of film mulching.

[0046] IV. S4 Garlic seed treatment

[0047] 4.1 Fine selection of high-quality garlic seeds

[0048] Strictly select according to the high-quality garlic seed standard. It is required that the diameter of the garlic head is not less than 5 cm, the size of the garlic cloves is uniform, the weight of a single clove is between 5 - 8 grams, and the garlic cloves are complete, without defects such as disease spots, insect damage, and mechanical damage. Adopt the method of manual screening one by one to remove unqualified garlic cloves such as double cloves, damaged cloves, and rotten cloves to ensure that the purity of the garlic seeds reaches more than 98%, laying a foundation for the high-quality and high-yield of garlic.

[0049] 4.2 Scientific pre-treatment of garlic seeds

[0050] Breaking dormancy at low temperature: 10 days before sowing, place the selected garlic seeds in the refrigerator freezer at a constant temperature, accurately set the temperature to 3°C, and the treatment duration is 3 days. During the low-temperature treatment, turn the garlic seeds over regularly once a day to ensure uniform temperature distribution, effectively break the dormancy of the garlic seeds, and promote uniform germination.

[0051] Disinfection by fungicide soaking: If you choose to soak with fungicide, you need to accurately prepare a 0.2% carbendazim solution. Soak the garlic seeds completely in the solution for 18 hours. After soaking, rinse the garlic seeds 3-5 times with clean water to completely remove the residual agent on the surface, then dry the surface moisture and wait for sowing.

[0052] 4.3 Precision seeding operation

[0053] Use a special garlic seeder or manual furrowing for sowing. Operate according to the specifications of 22 cm row spacing and 12 cm plant spacing, and keep the furrowing depth at 4 cm. When sowing, insert the garlic seeds upright into the furrow, making sure that the dorsal and ventral lines of the garlic cloves are parallel to the row direction, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of the garlic leaves and full exposure to light. Cover the soil in time after sowing, with a thickness of 2.5 cm. After covering the soil, use a roller to gently press it down so that the garlic seeds are in close contact with the soil and the germination rate of the seeds is improved.

[0054] 5. S5 Field Management

[0055] 5.1 Intelligent irrigation management

[0056] Real-time monitoring of soil moisture: 3-5 high-precision soil moisture sensors are evenly arranged in the planting area, and the data is transmitted to the monitoring platform in real time through the Internet of Things technology. When the relative soil moisture content is lower than 70%, the system automatically issues an irrigation warning; when the relative soil moisture content reaches 80%, irrigation is automatically stopped, achieving precise irrigation and improving water resource utilization efficiency.

[0057] Diversified irrigation methods:

[0058] Drip irrigation: Use an internal patch drip irrigation belt, set the dripper flow rate to 2.5L / h, and lay the drip irrigation belt under the film, 5 cm away from the garlic row. When irrigating, start the water pump and adjust the pipeline pressure to 0.1-0.15MPa to ensure that the water output of the drip irrigation belt is uniform and stable. The irrigation time for each time is flexibly determined according to the soil moisture and the growth stage of garlic, generally 1-2 hours.

[0059] Sprinkler irrigation: Use a rotary sprinkler, adjust the working pressure to 0.25MPa, set the sprinkler spacing to 10 meters, and make the spraying range overlap by 1 / 3 to ensure uniform irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation should be carried out in windless or breezy weather to avoid water droplet drift and waste, and each irrigation should make the soil wet to a depth of 20-25 cm.

[0060] 5.2 Precision fertilization management

[0061] Topdressing during the greening stage: When garlic enters the greening stage (usually when the temperature rises in spring and garlic begins to resume growth), apply urea evenly at a rate of 18 kg per mu. After spreading the fertilizer, immediately carry out drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to quickly dissolve the fertilizer and infiltrate it into the soil, providing sufficient nitrogen nutrition for the rapid growth of garlic plants.

[0062] Topdressing during the flower bud differentiation stage: When garlic grows to 5 - 6 leaves and enters the critical period of flower bud differentiation, dissolve 12 kg of water-soluble fertilizer for major elements (20 - 20 - 20) in 500 liters of water and carry out precise fertilization through the drip irrigation system. Control the fertilization time within 1 - 1.5 hours to ensure uniform application of the fertilizer and meet the nutrient requirements for garlic flower bud differentiation.

[0063] 5.3 Fine field maintenance

[0064] Arrange a special person to patrol the field every day. When it is found that the garlic seedlings push through the film, use a bamboo stick or iron wire to pierce a hole with a diameter of about 1 - 2 cm on the film in time to help the seedlings smoothly stretch out of the film. After breaking the film, compact the soil around the film-breaking hole with fine soil, which can not only prevent the loss of heat and moisture under the film but also effectively inhibit weed growth. Every 7 - 10 days, conduct a comprehensive cleaning of the film surface, timely remove sundries and weeds, keep the film surface clean, and give full play to the heat preservation, moisture preservation, and weed inhibition functions of the plastic film.

[0065] Six, S6 Pest and disease control

[0066] 6.1 Basic measures for agricultural control

[0067] Strictly implement the crop rotation system, rotate garlic with non-allium crops such as rice and corn, and the rotation period is 2 - 3 years to effectively reduce the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria and pest eggs in the soil. After garlic harvest, promptly and thoroughly remove the diseased and damaged plant residues in the field and dispose of them by burning or burying deeply to reduce the spread route of pests and diseases from the source.

[0068] 6.2 Green means of biological control

[0069] Release natural enemies of pests: At the initial stage of garlic aphid occurrence, release 120 seven-spotted ladybugs per mu. Choose to release them at dusk when the temperature is relatively low and the activity ability of seven-spotted ladybugs is weak. Hang the release box containing seven-spotted ladybugs on the garlic plants 50 - 60 cm above the ground. Within 3 - 5 days after release, it is prohibited to use chemical pesticides to create a good environment for the survival and reproduction of seven-spotted ladybugs and give full play to their biological control role.

[0070] Suspension sex pheromone traps: Hang 6 sex pheromone traps evenly per mu, and keep the hanging height of the traps consistent with the height of garlic plants (about 40 - 50 cm). Replace the lure core every 15 - 20 days, regularly clean the pests captured in the traps, and record in detail the number of trapped pests to monitor the occurrence dynamics of pests and provide a scientific basis for subsequent control measures.

[0071] 6.3 Physical control auxiliary measures

[0072] Set up a frequency vibration insect trap lamp with a power of 18 watts every 4 mu, and install the insect trap lamp at a height of 1.8 meters from the ground. The insect trap lamp is turned on at 7 pm every evening and turned off at 5 am the next morning. Regularly clean the insect collection bag of the insect trap lamp to prevent the accumulation of pest corpses from affecting the trapping effect. Generally, clean it once a week to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the insect trap lamp.

[0073] 6.4 Chemical control emergency measures

[0074] When the occurrence of diseases and pests is severe and the above agricultural control, biological control, and physical control measures cannot effectively control them, carefully select highly effective, low-toxic, and low-residue chemical pesticides for control. For example, to control garlic leaf blight, 1000-fold liquid of 50% iprodione wettable powder can be selected for uniform spraying; to control garlic maggots, 1500-fold liquid of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate can be selected for root irrigation. Operate strictly according to the dosage and pre-harvest interval specified in the pesticide use instructions to avoid adverse effects of pesticide residues on the environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products.

[0075] VII. S7 Harvesting and processing

[0076] 7.1 Accurately judge the harvesting time

[0077] When more than 50% of the leaves of garlic plants turn yellow and wither, the false stem becomes soft, and about 25 days after the garlic scape is harvested, it indicates that the garlic has reached the appropriate harvesting period. Select to harvest before 9 am or after 4 pm on a sunny day. At this time, the water content of garlic is relatively low, which is convenient for storage and transportation after harvesting, and can effectively reduce the damage and rot of garlic.

[0078] 7.2 Standardize the harvesting operation process

[0079] Harvest by using a garlic harvester or manual excavation. When manually excavating, use a spade to carefully insert into the soil 10 - 15 cm away from the garlic plant, with a depth of 15 - 20 cm, and then gently pry the garlic plant to dig out the whole plant, taking care to avoid damaging the garlic cloves. After harvesting, dry the garlic in the field for 1 - 2 days to fully evaporate the water in the garlic leaves and roots. After the garlic skin is dry, use scissors to cut off the garlic leaves and roots, leaving only 2 - 3 cm of the false stem for subsequent storage and sales.

[0080] 7.3 Environmentally friendly treatment process for residual film

[0081] The biodegradable films remaining in the field are collected comprehensively and carefully to ensure that nothing is missed. The collected residual films are transported to a special composting site and evenly mixed at a ratio of 8 kg of microbial agents (such as cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria composite agents) for every 100 kg of residual films. The humidity of the compost material is adjusted to about 55%, and it is piled into a long strip of 1.5 meters high and 2 meters wide. The top of the pile is trimmed into a turtle back shape to facilitate drainage. During the composting process, the pile is turned every 8 days to allow the compost material to fully contact oxygen and accelerate the decomposition process. When the temperature of the pile drops to the ambient temperature, and the material is dark brown, loose in texture, and has no foul odor, it indicates that the compost has been fully decomposed and can be returned to the field as high-quality organic fertilizer to achieve the recycling of resources and further improve the soil ecological environment.

[0082] In summary, in the present invention, by screening fields with specific conditions, deep tillage and applying high-quality organic fertilizers, the basic soil conditions are improved, the soil fertility and air permeability are enhanced, and a good foundation is laid for the growth of garlic. The biodegradable film that meets the standards is used for covering, and the laying process is standardized. While giving full play to the functions of heat preservation, moisture conservation and weed suppression of the mulch film, the pollution problems of the traditional mulch film are avoided, and environmentally friendly planting is achieved. Scientific garlic seed processing, intelligent irrigation, precision fertilization and green pest and disease control methods are used to meet the needs of garlic at various growth stages, ensure the healthy growth of plants, and improve yield and quality. The residual film after harvest is subjected to environmentally friendly composting treatment, converted into organic fertilizer and returned to the field, so as to achieve resource recycling, further optimize the soil ecological environment, and promote sustainable agricultural development.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the ecological environment of garlic cultivation soil based on biodegradable films, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1 Field screening: Select slightly acidic sandy loam with flat terrain, organic matter content ≥ 2%, convenient irrigation and drainage, relatively low groundwater level, and soil pH value of 6.0 - 7.0 as the planting field; S2 Soil treatment: 20 - 30 days before planting, plow the field to a depth of 25 - 30 cm, evenly apply 1000 - 1500 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and then harrow it flat; S3 Film covering operation: Use a biodegradable film made of 70 - 94% PBAT, 3 - 10% PLA, and 3 - 20% plant fiber, with a film thickness of 0.01 - 0.02 mm, level and cover the field by mechanical or manual means, and compact the film edge with soil; S4 Garlic seed treatment: Select high-quality garlic seeds, and conduct one of the following pretreatments 1 - 2 weeks before sowing: treat at 2 - 5°C for 3 - 5 days or soak in 0.1 - 0.3% fungicide solution for 12 - 24 hours. Sow according to a row spacing of 20 - 25 cm, plant spacing of 10 - 15 cm, and depth of 3 - 5 cm, and then cover the soil with 2 - 3 cm; S5 Field management: During the growth period, according to the soil moisture condition, maintain the soil water content at 70 - 80% by using drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation during the critical growth period. Apply 15 - 20 kg of urea per mu during the greening stage, and apply 10 - 15 kg of water-soluble fertilizer with major elements during the flower bud differentiation stage. Timely break the film to release the seedlings and clean the debris and weeds on the film surface; S6 Pest and disease control: Comprehensively adopt agricultural control, biological control by releasing 100 - 150 ladybugs per mu and hanging 5 - 8 sex pheromone traps, and physical control by setting 15 - 20 W insect-trapping lights every 3 - 5 mu; S7 Harvesting and treatment: Harvest on sunny days after the garlic is mature, collect the residual film, and conduct composting treatment at 50 - 60°C, humidity of 50 - 60%, and adding 5 - 10% microbial inoculant for at least 30 days.

2. The method for optimizing the ecological environment of garlic planting soil based on biodegradable film according to claim 1, wherein: In S2, the organic matter content of the decomposed organic fertilizer is ≥ 45%, and the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ≥ 15%.

3. The garlic planting soil ecological optimization method based on a biodegradable film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, before laying the biodegradable film, evenly spread 3 - 5 kg of water-retaining agent with a water absorption multiple of 200 - 300 times per mu.

4. The garlic planting soil ecological optimization method based on a biodegradable film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the biodegradable film is completely degraded within 60 - 90 days in the natural environment.

5. The method for optimizing the soil ecology of garlic cultivation based on a biodegradable film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the low-temperature pretreatment is specifically treatment at 3°C for 3 days, and the fungicide soaking is soaking in 0.2% carbendazim solution for 18 hours.

6. The method for optimizing the soil ecology of garlic cultivation based on a biodegradable film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, during drip irrigation, keep the relative soil water content stable at 75 ± 5%.

7. The garlic planting soil ecological optimization method based on a biodegradable film according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the height of the insect-trapping light from the ground is 1.5 - 2 m.

8. The method for optimizing the ecological environment of garlic planting soil based on biodegradable film according to claim 1, wherein: In S7, during the composting treatment process, turn the pile once every 7 - 10 days.

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