Friction welding method and connection structure

Abstract

The invention provides a friction welding method and a connection structure. A conical bonding pad connects a far-end component and a near-end component with a conical hole for accommodating the conical bonding pad; the method comprises the following steps: clamping the clamping end; during primary forging, the clamping device is controlled to drive the conical bonding pad to rotate for the primary forging time length at the primary forging rotating speed, the pressure jacking device jacks the contact end towards the direction of the far-end component at the primary forging pressure, and the bonding pad rubs against the far-end component; the initial forging rotating speed is 5%-45% of the theoretical range, the initial forging pressure is 55%-95% of the theoretical range, and the initial forging duration is 5%-45% of the theoretical range; during finish forging, the rotating speed of the clamping device is controlled to be zero, the pressure jacking device jacks the conical bonding pad towards a far-end component for finish forging duration and extrudes melt under finish forging pressure, the finish forging pressure is larger than the initial forging pressure, the welding power is reduced in a low-speed short-time and certain-high-pressure mode, the welding equipment is made to meet the requirements for miniaturization and light weight, field operation can be conducted, and the welding efficiency is improved. The melt is extruded from the side face of the conical bonding pad, impurity discharge is promoted, and the welding quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of friction welding, and particularly to a method and a connection structure for friction welding. Background Art

[0002] Friction welding is a solid-state welding method that uses frictional heat to join two workpieces together. It softens the material surface through the heat generated by mechanical friction, and then achieves metallurgical bonding. This method is widely used in welding in fields such as the automotive industry and aerospace.

[0003] In traditional friction welding, to improve the quality and efficiency of welding, a high-speed, high-torque, and high-power method is often adopted, resulting in a large and heavy welding device. It can only be used for welding in a fixed scenario and cannot perform flexible operations. When friction welding is required, the device cannot be transported to the required scenario for on-site operation. At the same time, the existing welding device design does not fully consider the effective discharge of molten impurities. If the molten impurities generated by the local melting of the welding material cannot be discharged in a timely and effective manner, it will affect the quality of the welded joint and lead to welding defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method and a connection structure for friction welding to solve the problems that the traditional friction welding device is large and heavy, and cannot perform on-site operation and flexible operation.

[0005] The present application provides a method for friction welding for connecting a distal component and a proximal component through a tapered pad; the proximal component has a tapered hole for accommodating the tapered pad, and the method includes: Clamping the clamping end of the tapered pad through a clamping device; Initial forging stage: controlling the clamping device to drive the tapered pad to rotate at an initial forging speed for an initial forging duration, and controlling the pressure tightening device to press the tapered pad towards the direction of the distal component with an initial forging pressure, so that the contact end of the tapered pad passes through the tapered hole of the proximal component, and the bottom surface of the friction pad frictions with the interface of the distal component; the value of the initial forging speed is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical initial forging speed of friction welding, the value of the initial forging pressure is within the range of 55% - 95% of the theoretical initial forging pressure of friction welding, and the value of the initial forging duration is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical initial forging duration of friction welding; Final forging stage: controlling the rotation speed of the clamping device to be zero, controlling the pressure tightening device to press the tapered pad towards the distal component with a final forging pressure for a final forging duration, and extruding the molten material generated by friction from the tapered side of the tapered pad; the final forging pressure is greater than the initial forging pressure.

[0006] In one embodiment, when the value of the final forging pressure is within the range of 55% - 95% of the theoretical final forging pressure of friction welding, the value of the final forging duration is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical final forging duration of friction welding.

[0007] In one embodiment, when the value of the final forging pressure is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical final forging pressure range of friction welding, the value of the final forging duration is within the range of 55% - 95% of the theoretical final forging duration range of friction welding.

[0008] In one embodiment, at the beginning of the final forging stage, the tapered pad is tightly pressed against the distal component by means of instantaneous pressurization, and at the same time, the motor is stopped to make the rotation speed of the clamping device zero.

[0009] In one embodiment, the initial forging rotation speed is less than 1000 revolutions per minute, the initial forging pressure is greater than 20 Mpa, and the initial forging duration is less than 15 seconds.

[0010] In one embodiment, a connection method using the friction welding method of any one of the above is used for connection. The connection structure includes: a distal component, a proximal component, and a tapered pad; the proximal component has a tapered hole for accommodating the tapered pad. The tapered pad includes a clamping end and a contact end. A welding shoulder is provided at the connection between the clamping end and the contact end. The contact end is conical. The contact end is used to be embedded in the tapered hole of the proximal component. The welding shoulder is used to be pressed tightly against the outside of the tapered hole of the proximal component; the bottom surface of the contact end has a pre-contact point. The bottom surface of the contact end is an inwardly involute concave surface or an embedded surface, and the side surface of the contact end is an outwardly involute expanding surface. The taper of the tapered hole of the proximal component is greater than the taper of the contact end of the tapered pad, so as to make the molten material generated by friction be extruded from the tapered side surface of the tapered pad.

[0011] In one embodiment, the projected height from the lower edge of the welding shoulder to the pre-contact point is greater than the thickness of the proximal component.

[0012] In one embodiment, the included angle between the tapered side surface of the contact end and the central axis is greater than or equal to 1 degree.

[0013] In one embodiment, the included angle between the bottom surface of the contact end and the contact plane of the distal component is greater than or equal to 1 degree.

[0014] In one embodiment, the open type gradual change angle between the tapered side surface of the contact end and the tapered hole of the proximal component is greater than or equal to 1 degree, and the height of the contact end exceeds the outer surface of the proximal component by 2 mm or 10% of the thickness of the proximal component.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application compared with the prior art are: Through the cooperation of initial forging and final forging, this application reduces the welding power by adopting the method of low speed and short time with a certain high pressure, reduces the demand for high speed, high torque and high power, realizes the miniaturization and light weight of the equipment, makes it convenient to be transported to different working sites, meets the requirements of on-site welding, improves the application flexibility of the equipment, and utilizes the way that the molten material generated by friction is extruded from the conical side of the conical pad, which is conducive to the smooth discharge of molten impurities and improves the welding quality and reliability. Description of the Drawings

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the friction welding method provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 It is a step diagram of the friction welding provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical pad provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the flow channel provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 It is provided by an embodiment of this application Figure 4 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the pre-contact C; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external hexagonal clamping part provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external octagonal clamping part provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal hexagonal clamping part provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal octagonal clamping part provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following markings: 1 - conical pad; 2 - distal component; 3 - proximal component; 4 - conical hole; 5 - clamping end; 6 - contact end; 7 - welding shoulder; 8 - pre-contact; 9 - bottom surface of the contact end; 10 - side surface of the contact end; 11 - first flow channel; 12 - second flow channel; 13 - internal hexagon; 14 - internal octagon; 15 - external hexagon; 16 - external octagon. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a friction welding method provided by an embodiment of this application. As Figure 1 shown, this friction welding method is used to connect a distal component 2 and a proximal component 3 through a tapered pad 1; the proximal component 3 has a tapered hole 4 for accommodating the tapered pad 1. Figure 2 is a step diagram of friction welding provided by an embodiment of this application. As Figure 2 shown, this friction welding method includes: Step S210: Clamp the clamping end 5 of the tapered pad 1 through a clamping device; Step S220: The initial forging stage.

[0022] Control the clamping device to drive the tapered pad 1 to rotate at an initial forging speed for an initial forging duration. Among them, the initial forging speed starts from zero speed and slightly exceeds the lower limit speed of the friction welding initial forging theoretical speed range, that is, the speed value is between the lower limit speed and the median speed and is closer to the lower limit speed, and the exceeded lower limit speed range is between 5% and 45% of the initial forging theoretical speed range; the initial forging duration refers to the lower limit duration close to the initial forging theoretical duration range, and the initial forging duration is 5% - 45% of the initial forging theoretical duration range.

[0023] Control the pressure tightening device to tighten the tapered pad 1 towards the direction where the distal component 2 is located with an initial forging pressure, so that the contact end 6 of the tapered pad 1 passes through the tapered hole 4 of the proximal component 3, and the bottom surface of the friction pad 1 frictions with the interface of the distal component 2; among them, the initial forging pressure refers to the pressure value that starts to pressurize from zero pressure and tightens the contact end 6 of the friction welding pad 1 on the interface of the distal component 2; the initial forging pressure is close to but slightly lower than the upper limit pressure of the friction welding initial forging theoretical pressure range, and the initial forging pressure is between 55% and 95% of the initial forging theoretical pressure value range.

[0024] Step S230: The final forging stage.

[0025] Control the rotation speed of the clamping device to be zero; control the pressure tightening device to tighten the tapered pad 1 towards the distal component 2 with a final forging pressure for a final forging duration, and squeeze out the molten material generated by friction from the tapered side of the tapered pad 1; among them, the final forging pressure is greater than the initial forging pressure.

[0026] Among them, the final forging duration refers to the holding duration of maintaining the tightening state with the final forging pressure after sudden stop, that is, the pressure holding time.

[0027] Through the cooperation of initial forging and final forging, this application reduces the welding power by adopting the method of low speed and short time and a certain high pressure, enabling the welding equipment to meet the requirements of miniaturization and light weight, and can be used for on-site operation. The light weight of the welding equipment results in that the equipment will not have a large gravitational settlement compared with traditional welding equipment, reducing the probability of the equipment blocking the impurity outlet. At the same time, the bottom surface of the friction welding pad fully frictions with the interface of the distal component, and can crush and extrude the bad medium, solving the problem that impurities cannot overflow.

[0028] In one embodiment, when the value of the final forging pressure is within the range of 55%-95% of the friction welding final forging theoretical pressure range, the value of the final forging duration is within the range of 5%-45% of the friction welding final forging theoretical duration range.

[0029] Specifically, in the initial forging stage: the clamping device clamps the clamping end 5 of the tapered welding pad 1, controls the pressure to start pressurizing from zero pressure, the speed to start accelerating from zero speed, drives the contact end 6 to rotate and press tightly in the direction of the distal component 2, and the bottom surface of the tapered welding pad 1 frictions with the interface of the distal component 2. The overall rotation speed in the initial forging stage is relatively low and the time is relatively short, and the pressure increases from zero; in the final forging stage: the clamping device clamps the clamping end 5 of the tapered welding pad 1, controls the rotation speed to be zero speed, and instantaneously pressurizes. The pressure tightening device presses the tapered welding pad 1 against the distal component 2 for the final forging duration with the final forging pressure. Among them, when a relatively high pressure is adopted in the final forging stage, the final forging time can be relatively short, and the rotation speed in the final forging stage is zero. This process has a low external machine power and high efficiency.

[0030] In one embodiment, when the value of the final forging pressure is within the range of 5%-45% of the friction welding final forging theoretical pressure range, the value of the final forging duration is within the range of 55%-95% of the friction welding final forging theoretical duration range.

[0031] Specifically, in the initial forging stage: the clamping device clamps the clamping end 5 of the tapered welding pad 1, controls the pressure to start depressurizing from zero pressure, the speed to start accelerating from zero speed, drives the contact end 6 to rotate and press tightly in the direction of the distal component 2, and the bottom surface of the tapered welding pad 1 frictions with the interface of the distal component 2. The overall rotation speed in the initial forging stage is relatively low and the time is relatively short, and the initial forging pressure increases from zero; in the final forging stage: the clamping device clamps the clamping end 5 of the tapered welding pad 1, controls the rotation speed to be zero speed, and instantaneously pressurizes. The pressure tightening device presses the tapered welding pad 1 against the distal component 2 for the final forging duration with the final forging pressure. Among them, when the final forging pressure is relatively low, the final forging time is relatively long, and the final forging rotation speed is zero. This process has a low external machine power and the efficiency remains unchanged.

[0032] It should be noted that at the beginning of the final forging stage after the initial forging is completed, the conical pad 1 is pressed tightly against the distal component 2 by means of instantaneous pressurization, and at the same time, the motor is stopped so that the rotation speed of the clamping device is zero. Among them, making the rotation speed of the clamping device zero is to remove the rotational torque during the final forging pressure holding. The main purpose of the final forging stage is to press the conical pad 1 tightly to extrude the melt. At this time, a higher pressure than that in the initial forging stage will be adopted. Stopping the motor can also prevent the motor from continuing to rotate and damaging the motor during instantaneous pressurization.

[0033] Taking ordinary steel as an example, the upper, middle and lower regions of the pressure are: above 20 Mpa is the high-pressure region, 10 - 20 Mpa is the medium-pressure region, and below 10 Mpa is the low-pressure region; the rotation speed below 1000 revolutions per minute is low speed, 1000 - 2500 revolutions per minute is the medium-speed region, and above 2500 revolutions per minute is the high-speed region; time: below 15 seconds is fast welding, 15 - 30 seconds is medium-speed welding, and above 30 seconds is slow welding. Therefore, in one embodiment, the initial forging rotation speed can be less than 1000 revolutions per minute, the initial forging pressure can be greater than 20 Mpa, and the initial forging duration can be less than 15 seconds.

[0034] Table 1

[0035] Table 1 shows the various numerical ranges under different working conditions during the initial forging and final forging of friction welding. The initial forging and final forging working conditions can be preferably combined as needed, that is, the value of each row of the initial forging in the table does not necessarily correspond to the value of each row of the final forging; among them, the values under different working conditions during the initial forging and final forging are related to the materials of the friction welding pad, the proximal component and the distal component. For example, there is a positive relationship between the pressure in the theoretical pressure range of the initial forging and the yield strength of the steel, and the theoretical duration range of the initial forging; and it can be seen from the table that in working conditions 1 and 2, low pressure with high rotation speed during the initial forging, and in working conditions 3 and 4, high pressure with low rotation speed during the initial forging all reflect the economy of this solution. During the initial forging in working conditions 2 and 3, if the pressure is 120 - 140 Mpa and the corresponding rotation speed is 2600 - 3000 r / min, at this time, high pressure with high rotation speed reflects the output with energy. The lower the pressure and rotation speed of the initial forging, the longer the time used; the final forging theoretical pressure is always more than 20% higher than the initial forging pressure. Before the emergency stop, the theoretical rotation speed range of the friction welding final forging is the same as the theoretical rotation speed range of the initial forging. After the friction welding emergency stop, pressure holding starts. Among them, the pressure holding time is positively correlated with the sum of the initial forging pressure and speed, which helps to promote the formation of microcrystals and stabilize the welding quality, and the shortest emergency stop time can reach 0.07 seconds.

[0036] This solution uses a low speed and short time, and applies a certain high pressure to fully grind the interface between the bottom surface of the conical pad 1 and the distal component 2, extruding the defective medium after crushing it. The overall external machine power is low and the efficiency is high, achieving lightweight and miniaturization, suitable for on-site dexterous operations. In particular, the process of applying high pressure for a short time in the initial forging stage is matched with the process of applying high pressure for a short time or low pressure for a long time in the final forging stage, ensuring the quality under the condition of low energy input while the work efficiency is greater than or equal to the industry standard.

[0037] This application also provides a connection structure for connection using the above friction welding method. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the conical pad structure provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the flow channel provided by an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 It is provided by an embodiment of this application Figure 4 Partial enlarged schematic diagram of the pre-contact C, as Figure 3-5 shown, the connection structure includes: a distal component 2, a proximal component 3, and a conical pad 1; the proximal component 3 has a conical hole 4 for accommodating the conical pad 1; the conical pad 1 includes a clamping end 5 and a contact end 6. Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the external hexagonal clamping portion provided by an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the external octagonal clamping portion provided by an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the internal hexagonal clamping portion provided by an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal octagonal clamping portion provided by an embodiment of this application, as Figure 6-9 shown, the clamping end 5 can be circular, internal hexagon 13, internal octagon 14, external hexagon 15 or external octagon 16, etc. A welding shoulder 7 is provided at the connection between the clamping end 5 and the contact end 6. The contact end 6 is conical, and the contact end 6 is used to be embedded in the conical hole 4 of the proximal component 3. The welding shoulder 7 is used to be pressed against the outside of the conical hole 4 of the proximal component 3; the bottom surface 9 of the contact end has a pre-contact point 8. The bottom surface 9 of the contact end is an inwardly involute concave surface or an embedded surface or a horizontal surface, or an outwardly involute expanding surface. The side surface 10 of the contact end is an outwardly involute expanding surface; the channel formed by the side surface 10 of the contact end and the distal component 2 and the proximal component 3 is the first flow channel 11. Among them, a detection force application tensile or torsional shear structure is provided at the part where the height of the pad exceeds the outer surface of the proximal component 3, such as Figure 4 the threaded structure shown in; the shear strength of the conical pad material is greater than or equal to that of the distal component 2; the materials of the pad, the distal component 2, and the proximal component 3 are the same or different metals.

[0038] Among them, the bottom surface 9 of the contact end being an outwardly involute expanding surface means that the center of the bottom surface of the conical pad 1 protrudes outward to form a conical shape, and at this time, the pre-contact point 8 is the top of the conical shape.

[0039] Among them, the bottom surface 9 of the contact end being an inwardly involute concave surface means a surface that is gradually concave from the first contact point 8 on the bottom surface of the contact end 6 along the central direction of the bottom surface of the contact end 6; the bottom surface 9 of the contact end being an embedded surface means that the first contact point 8 gradually concaves along the central direction of the bottom surface of the contact end 6 and forms a through-hole in the center; the bottom surface 9 of the contact end being a horizontal surface means a horizontal surface on the same horizontal plane that is gradually formed from the first contact point 8 on the bottom surface of the contact end 6 along the central direction of the bottom surface of the contact end 6.

[0040] Specifically, when the bottom surface 9 of the contact end is an inwardly involute embedded surface and there is a second flow channel 12 formed by a connecting through-hole between the clamping end 5 and the contact end 6, when the clamping device clamps the clamping end 5 and drives the contact end 6 to press tightly towards the direction of the distal component 2, the contact end 6 abuts against the distal component 2. As the welding pressure and time change, a part of the molten material generated by friction flows from the inwardly involute embedded surface on the bottom surface of the contact end 6 to the second flow channel 12 and cools and solidifies at the joint between the through-hole in the middle of the contact end 6 and the distal component 2; another part is extruded outwards from the side surface 10 of the contact end (i.e., extruded from the first flow channel 11) and cools and solidifies at the joint between the welding shoulder 7 and the proximal component 3.

[0041] When the bottom surface 9 of the contact end is an inwardly involute concave surface and the middle between the clamping end 5 and the contact end 6 is closed, the molten material generated by friction converges from the inwardly involute concave surface on the bottom surface of the contact end 6. As the contact area between the contact end 6 and the distal component 2 increases, the molten material in the inwardly involute concave surface on the bottom surface of the contact end 6 is extruded outwards from the side surface 10 of the contact end (i.e., extruded from the first flow channel 11) and cools and solidifies at the joint between the welding shoulder 7 and the proximal component 3. Among them, the diameter of the through-hole is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0042] Specifically, when the bottom surface 9 of the contact end is an outwardly involute expanding surface and the middle between the clamping end 5 and the contact end 6 is closed, the molten material generated by friction is extruded outwards from the first contact point 8 on the expanding surface along the side surface 10 of the contact end (i.e., extruded from the first flow channel 11) and cools and solidifies at the joint between the welding shoulder 7 and the proximal component 3.

[0043] Specifically, when the bottom surface 9 of the contact end is a horizontal surface and there is a second flow channel 12 formed by a connecting through-hole between the clamping end 5 and the contact end 6, a part of the molten material generated by friction flows to the second flow channel 12 and cools and solidifies at the joint between the through-hole in the middle of the contact end 6 and the distal component 2; another part is extruded outwards from the first contact point 8 on the horizontal surface along the side surface 10 of the contact end (i.e., extruded from the first flow channel 11) and cools and solidifies at the joint between the welding shoulder 7 and the proximal component 3. When the bottom surface 9 of the contact end is a horizontal surface and the middle between the clamping end 5 and the contact end 6 is closed, the molten material generated by friction is extruded outwards from the first contact point 8 on the embedded surface along the side surface 10 of the contact end (i.e., extruded from the first flow channel 11) and cools and solidifies at the joint between the welding shoulder 7 and the proximal component 3.

[0044] By setting up two flow channels, the present application enables the smooth extrusion of the friction-welded melt of the multi-sided pad, reduces the residue and stagnation of bad media such as rust, gas, ash-like substances, slag, etc., and controls the welding fatigue sources.

[0045] In one embodiment, the taper of the tapered hole 4 of the proximal component 3 is greater than the taper of the contact end 6 of the tapered pad 1, which is used to extrude the melt generated by friction from the tapered side surface of the tapered pad 1 (i.e., extrude from the first flow channel 11).

[0046] In one embodiment, as Figure 1-5 shown, the projected height from the lower edge of the weld shoulder 7 to the pre-contact point 8 is greater than the thickness of the proximal component 3, which is used to provide sufficient tightening space for the tapered pad 1 and the distal component 2, and at the same time extrude the melt generated by friction from the tapered side surface of the tapered pad 1 (i.e., extrude from the first flow channel 11); Figure 3 The dotted line in [] is the central axis of the tapered pad 1. The included angle A between the tapered side surface of the contact end 6 and the central axis is greater than or equal to 1 degree; the included angle B between the bottom surface 9 of the contact end and the contact plane of the distal component 2 is greater than or equal to 1 degree.

[0047] In one embodiment, the open-type gradual change angle D between the tapered side surface of the contact end 6 and the tapered hole 4 of the proximal component 3 is greater than or equal to 1 degree, and the height of the contact end 6 exceeds the outer surface of the proximal component 3 by 2 mm or 10% of the thickness of the proximal component 3, which enables the melt generated by friction to be extruded from the tapered side surface of the tapered pad 1 (i.e., extrude from the first flow channel 11).

[0048] A friction welding method and connection structure provided by the present application achieve the requirements of small power, miniaturization, and lightweight equipment by welding the friction welding with the distal component 2 and the proximal component 3, ensure the sufficient grinding and extrusion of bad media on the welding interface, and at the same time, on the premise of ensuring quality and work efficiency, solve the problem that traditional equipment are all large horizontal equipment, with large volume and heavy weight, and it is difficult to be transported to the construction site for welding projects that need to be welded on-site (such as bridges, buildings, etc.). And friction welding can withstand repeated load cycles during long-term use, has excellent fatigue resistance, and solves the problem that bolt connections are prone to loosening or breaking during long-term use.

[0049] In several embodiments provided in the present application, the disclosed devices and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the possible architectures, functions, and operations of devices, methods, and computer program products according to multiple embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code, and the module, program segment, or part of code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagram and / or flowchart, as well as the combination of blocks in the block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system for performing the specified functions or actions, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0050] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods according to the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc., which can store program codes.

Claims

1. A friction welding method for connecting a distal component and a proximal component through a tapered pad; the proximal component has a tapered hole for receiving the tapered pad, characterized in that, The method includes: Clamping the clamping end of the conical pad by a clamping device; Initial forging stage: Controlling the clamping device to drive the conical pad to rotate for an initial forging duration at an initial forging rotational speed, controlling the pressure tightening device to tighten the conical pad towards the direction where the distal component is located with an initial forging pressure, so that the contact end of the conical pad passes through the conical hole of the proximal component, and the bottom surface of the friction pad frictions with the interface of the distal component; the value of the initial forging rotational speed is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical initial forging rotational speed range of friction welding, the value of the initial forging pressure is within the range of 55% - 95% of the theoretical initial forging pressure range of friction welding, and the value of the initial forging duration is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical initial forging duration range of friction welding; Final forging stage: Controlling the rotational speed of the clamping device to be zero, controlling the pressure tightening device to tighten the conical pad towards the distal component for a final forging duration with a final forging pressure, and extruding the molten material generated by friction from the conical side of the conical pad, and the final forging pressure is greater than the initial forging pressure.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein When the value of the final forging pressure is within the range of 55% - 95% of the theoretical final forging pressure range of friction welding, the value of the final forging duration is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical final forging duration range of friction welding.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the value of the final forging pressure is within the range of 5% - 45% of the theoretical final forging pressure range of friction welding, the value of the final forging duration is within the range of 55% - 95% of the theoretical final forging duration range of friction welding.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein At the start of the final forging stage, the conical pad is tightened towards the distal component in a manner of instantaneous pressurization, and at the same time, the motor is stopped to make the rotational speed of the clamping device zero.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The initial forging rotational speed is less than 1000 revolutions per minute, the initial forging pressure is greater than 20 Mpa, and the initial forging duration is less than 15 seconds.

6. A connecting structure, characterized in that, For connection by using the friction welding method described in any one of claims 1 - 5, the connection structure includes: a distal component, a proximal component, and a conical pad; the proximal component has a conical hole for accommodating the conical pad; The conical pad includes a clamping end and a contact end, a welding shoulder is provided at the connection between the clamping end and the contact end, the contact end is conical, the contact end is used to be embedded in the conical hole of the proximal component, and the welding shoulder is used to be pressed tightly against the outside of the conical hole of the proximal component; the bottom surface of the contact end has a first contact point, the bottom surface of the contact end is an inwardly involute concave surface or an inwardly embedded surface, and the side surface of the contact end is an outwardly involute expanding surface; The taper of the conical hole of the proximal component is greater than the taper of the contact end of the conical pad, so as to extrude the molten material generated by friction from the conical side of the conical pad.

7. The connection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The projected height from the lower edge of the welding shoulder to the first contact point is greater than the thickness of the proximal component.

8. The connection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The included angle between the conical side surface of the contact end and the central axis is greater than or equal to 1 degree.

9. The connection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The included angle between the bottom surface of the contact end and the contact plane of the distal component is greater than or equal to 1 degree.

10. The connection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The open - type gradual change angle between the conical side surface of the contact end and the conical hole of the proximal component is greater than or equal to 1 degree, and the height of the contact end exceeds the outer surface of the proximal component by 2 mm or 10% of the thickness of the proximal component.

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