Efficient deodorization and ventilation system and method for sludge composting workshop
By introducing replacement ventilation mechanical deodorization modules, negative pressure suction oxygen supply modules and dynamic air volume control modules in the sludge composting workshop, the problems of low oxygen supply efficiency and odor dissipation are solved, efficient deodorization ventilation is achieved, energy consumption is reduced, and occupational hygiene standards are met.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510492552.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
AI Technical Summary
The deodorizing ventilation system of the traditional sludge aerobic compost workshop has problems such as low oxygen supply efficiency, insufficient ventilation, confusing airflow tissue and dissipation of odor, resulting in excessive ammonia concentration and high energy consumption in the workshop.
The replacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module, negative pressure suction oxygen supply module and dynamic air volume control module are adopted to form an airflow circulation through the coordination of the mechanical air inlet and exhaust port. Combined with the variable frequency blower and data acquisition system, precise oxygen supply and odor collection are achieved, and the ventilation volume is dynamically adjusted to match the fermentation needs.
The ammonia concentration in the workshop was significantly reduced to ≤30mg/m3, energy consumption was reduced by 25%-30%, system operation cost decreased, airflow organization was optimized, and the environment was in line with occupational hygiene standards.
Smart Images
Figure CN120329092A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and particularly relates to an efficient deodorization and ventilation system and method for a sludge composting workshop based on negative pressure oxygen supply and displacement ventilation, which is applicable to the aerobic fermentation project of municipal sludge and industrial organic solid waste. Background Art
[0002] Aerobic sludge composting is an effective method to degrade the organic matter in sludge into stable and harmless substances through the metabolic activities of aerobic microorganisms under aerobic conditions, so as to realize the stabilization and resource utilization of sludge. However, during the composting process, the metabolic activities of microorganisms will release a large amount of odor components including ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc., and the odor components are easy to accumulate at the top of the workshop. These odors will not only affect the working environment of the workshop, but may also cause air pollution.
[0003] The traditional aerobic sludge composting workshop uses a blower for deodorization and ventilation, and has the following problems: positive pressure air supply through the blower causes odor emission, and additional deodorization equipment needs to be added, with high energy consumption and low efficiency; the ventilation volume design lacks a theoretical basis, the number of air changes is insufficient, and the NH3 concentration in the workshop exceeds the limit, that is, far higher than the occupational exposure limit of harmful factors in the workplace of 30 mg / m3 stipulated by the national standard; the position of the air inlet of the workshop is unreasonable, which is easy to cause air flow short circuit and odor retention; the ventilation volume in each fermentation stage is fixed and cannot match the dynamic aerobic characteristics, resulting in local hypoxia or excessive ventilation.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an efficient deodorization and ventilation system and method for a sludge composting workshop that can reduce energy consumption and achieve efficient deodorization and ventilation. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Aiming at the technical problems such as low oxygen supply efficiency, insufficient ventilation volume, chaotic air flow organization and odor emission existing in the traditional aerobic sludge composting workshop using a blower for deodorization and ventilation, the invention provides an efficient deodorization and ventilation system and method for a sludge composting workshop that can reduce energy consumption and achieve efficient deodorization and ventilation, which can significantly reduce the ammonia concentration in the workshop, meet the national occupational health standards, and is applicable to large-scale sludge composting projects.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An efficient deodorization and ventilation system for a sludge composting workshop, including a displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module, which includes a mechanical air inlet arranged at one end of the fermentation tank and a mechanical air outlet arranged at the top of the fermentation tank. The mechanical air inlet and the mechanical air outlet cooperate to form an air flow circulation and pressure difference in the fermentation tank; a negative pressure suction oxygen supply module, which includes a variable frequency blower arranged on the outer side of the fermentation tank. The variable frequency blower supplies oxygen to the fermentation tank through suction, sucks the odor and water vapor generated in the fermentation tank into the deodorization pipeline, and maintains a negative pressure state in the fermentation tank to prevent odor from overflowing; a dynamic air volume regulation module, which is electrically connected to the variable frequency blower. The dynamic air volume regulation module controls the variable frequency operation of the variable frequency blower based on the theoretical ventilation volume calculated from the sludge treatment volume, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge, and the empirical coefficient, and adjusts the required air volume.
[0007] In some embodiments, the mechanical air inlet is connected to an external air source through an air inlet pipeline, and the mechanical air outlet is connected to a backend treatment device through an air outlet pipeline. The mechanical air outlet captures and discharges the odor generated during the fermentation process.
[0008] In some embodiments, the number of mechanical air inlets corresponds to the number of fermentation tanks, and the lower edge of the mechanical air inlet is flush with the top of the fermentation tank.
[0009] In some embodiments, the mechanical air outlets are arranged in a stepped manner on the top of the fermentation tank along the length direction of the fermentation tank according to the odor emission amount in different fermentation stages of the compost pile in the fermentation tank, with a denser front and a sparser rear.
[0010] In some embodiments, the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module is divided into four independent oxygen supply areas along the length direction of the fermentation tank, and a variable frequency blower is arranged in each independent oxygen supply area. Among them, the oxygen supply areas are divided according to the different requirements of the fermentation compost pile in the fermentation tank at different fermentation stages. The oxygen supply areas include a heating area, a high temperature area, a cooling area, and a mature area.
[0011] In some embodiments, the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module further includes a uniform air distribution plate arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank. The uniform air distribution plate is connected to the variable frequency blower through an oxygen supply pipeline; a plurality of air collection ports are arranged on the uniform air distribution plate, and the air collection ports are connected to the variable frequency blower through an air collection pipeline.
[0012] In some embodiments, the dynamic air volume regulation module includes a data acquisition unit for real-time collecting data on the temperature, pH value, and oxygen concentration of the compost pile and transmitting the data; a central controller for receiving the real-time data transmitted by the data acquisition unit, calculating the theoretical ventilation volume, and outputting a control signal; a frequency converter electrically connected to the variable frequency blower. The frequency converter receives the control signal instruction of the central controller and adjusts the rotation speed of the variable frequency blower to match the required air volume.
[0013] In some of these embodiments, the calculation formula for the theoretical ventilation volume is Q 理论 = k × M 污泥 × C NH3 / 39.5, where Q 理论 represents the theoretical ventilation volume; k represents the empirical coefficient; M 污泥 represents the sludge treatment volume, with the unit of kg / h; C NH3 represents the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge, with the unit of mg / kg.
[0014] In some of these embodiments, the empirical coefficient k is corrected in real time based on the data measured by the temperature sensor, pH probe, and oxygen concentration monitor. The correction formula for the empirical coefficient k is k = k0 × T / 25 × O2% / 20, where k0 represents the basic coefficient; T represents the real-time temperature of the compost pile, with the unit of °C; O2% represents the oxygen concentration.
[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a deodorization method for an efficient deodorization and ventilation system in a sludge composting workshop, including the following steps:
[0016] Open the mechanical air inlet and mechanical air outlet of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module. The external fresh air source enters the fermentation tank through the air inlet pipe from the mechanical air inlet. The odor generated during the sludge composting fermentation process is discharged through the mechanical air outlet and transported to the backend treatment device through the exhaust pipe for treatment;
[0017] Start the variable-frequency blower of the negative-pressure suction oxygen supply module. The variable-frequency blower makes the air penetrate the compost pile from top to bottom through the suction effect, supply oxygen to the fermentation tank, and simultaneously collect the odor and water vapor, and suck the collected odor and water vapor into the deodorization pipe, and then transport them to the backend treatment device through the deodorization pipe for treatment;
[0018] The dynamic air volume control module collects the data of the compost pile temperature, PH value, and oxygen concentration in real time, calculates the theoretical ventilation volume, and outputs a control signal to the frequency converter to adjust the speed of the variable-frequency blower to match the required air volume.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: The efficient deodorization and ventilation system in the sludge composting workshop of the present invention integrates oxygen supply and odor collection by adopting the negative-pressure suction oxygen supply module, reducing the escape of odor; by adopting the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module, the mechanical air inlet and mechanical air outlet cooperate to form a directional air flow, improving the odor capture efficiency; by setting the dynamic air volume control module, combined with the fermentation stage and sludge characteristics, collecting the data of the compost pile temperature, PH value, and oxygen concentration in real time, calculating the theoretical ventilation volume, and outputting a control signal to the frequency converter to dynamically adjust the speed of the variable-frequency blower to match the required air volume, realizing precise control of the ventilation volume. Through the efficient deodorization and ventilation system in the sludge composting workshop of the present invention, the odor collection efficiency is increased by 40%, and the ammonia concentration ≤ 30mg / m 3;The energy consumption is reduced by 25% - 30%, and the system operation cost is significantly decreased; the air flow organization is optimized to avoid the short - circuit effect, and the workshop environment meets the occupational health standards. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the high - efficiency deodorization and ventilation system for the sludge composting workshop in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module in two fermentation tanks in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the negative - pressure suction oxygen - supply module in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the negative - pressure suction oxygen - supply module in two fermentation tanks in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural block diagram of the dynamic air volume regulation module in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 7 It is a logic block diagram of the dynamic air volume regulation module in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] In each of the drawings, 100, fermentation tank; 210, mechanical air inlet, 220, mechanical air outlet; 310, evenly distributed air plate, 320, variable - frequency blower; 400, dynamic air volume regulation module. Detailed Embodiment
[0028] In order to understand the features and technical content of the embodiments of the present invention in more detail, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described next are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments of the present invention. In the following technical description, for the convenience of explanation, a sufficient understanding of the disclosed embodiments is provided through multiple details. However, one or more embodiments can still be implemented without these details. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present invention claimed.
[0029] Refer to the atta Figure 1As shown in the figure, the embodiment of the present invention provides an efficient deodorization and ventilation system for a sludge composting workshop, including a displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module, a negative pressure suction oxygen supply module, and a dynamic air volume regulation module 400. Among them, the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module is located directly above the fermentation tank 100 and on the side of the fermentation tank 100 during the fermentation heating stage, and is used to discharge the odor in the fermentation tank channel and introduce fresh air; the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module is located at the bottom and outer side of the fermentation tank 100, and is used to supply oxygen to the fermentation tank 100 and collect the odor generated by the fermentation of the heap in the fermentation tank; based on the real-time regulation of the dynamic air volume regulation module 400, efficient and accurate deodorization and ventilation control can be realized, meeting the operation requirements of the sludge fermentation workshop and maintaining the air quality in the workshop.
[0030] Refer to the appended Figure 2 and the appended Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module of the present invention includes a mechanical air inlet 210 provided at one end of the fermentation tank 100 and a mechanical air outlet 220 provided at the top of the fermentation tank 100. The mechanical air inlet 210 and the mechanical air outlet 220 cooperate to form an air flow circulation and pressure difference in the fermentation tank 100. Among them, the mechanical air inlet 210 is provided in the fermentation heating stage area of the fermentation tank 100, the lower edge of the mechanical air inlet 210 is flush with the top of the fermentation tank 100, and the number of mechanical air inlets 210 matches the number of fermentation tanks 100. Preferably, the aspect ratio of the mechanical air inlet 210 is 5:1, and a long and narrow design is adopted to ensure uniform air intake; the mechanical air outlets 220 are arranged in a stepped manner at the top of the fermentation tank 100 along the length direction of the fermentation tank according to the odor emission amount in different heap fermentation stages, with the front being dense and the back being sparse, and are connected to the backend treatment device through exhaust pipes to capture and discharge odors such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide generated during the fermentation process, and cooperate with the mechanical air inlet 210 to form an air flow circulation.
[0031] In the mechanical deodorization module of the displacement ventilation of the present invention, the mechanical air inlet 210 is connected to an external fresh air source through an air inlet pipe to introduce fresh air in the initial fermentation area, supplement oxygen, promote aerobic fermentation, and cooperate with the mechanical air outlet 220 to form an air flow cycle from the mechanical air inlet 210 to the mechanical air outlet 220, displacing the odor in the fermentation tank channel. The branch pipes of the mechanical air outlet 220 are arranged in a same-way layout, and the density of the mechanical air outlet 220 is distributed in a pattern of being dense in the front and sparse in the back according to the fermentation stage. It is necessary to reasonably design the air outlet density according to the characteristics of different fermentation stages of the fermentation heap. The odor emission is large in the front stage of fermentation and dense exhaust is carried out, while the odor emission is small in the later stage of fermentation and sparse exhaust is carried out, realizing efficient deodorization and energy-saving operation. Among them, the fermentation heap includes the following fermentation stages: a heating stage with a relatively high oxygen demand and rapid oxygen supply; a high-temperature stage with the highest oxygen demand and a large amount of continuous oxygen supply; a cooling stage with a gradually decreasing oxygen demand and appropriate oxygen supply; and a maturity stage with the lowest oxygen demand and a small amount of oxygen supply. Correspondingly, the oxygen supply areas include a heating area, a high-temperature area, a cooling area, and a maturity area. Preferably, the mechanical air outlet 220 is arranged as follows: three mechanical air outlets are arranged at intervals of 7.5 m in the fermentation heating stage area along the direction of the fermentation tank channel, and then one mechanical air outlet 220 is arranged at intervals of 6 m, 9 m, and 15 m respectively corresponding to the fermentation high-temperature stage and the cooling stage areas, and then two mechanical air outlets 220 are arranged at intervals of 15 m corresponding to the maturity stage area.
[0032] Refer to the attached Figure 4 and the attached Figure 5 As shown in the reference drawings, the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module of the present invention includes a variable frequency blower 320, which is arranged on the outer side surface of the fermentation tank 100 for facilitating the connection of the oxygen supply and gas collection pipes. The variable frequency blower 320 supplies oxygen to the fermentation tank 100 by suction, sucks the odor and water vapor in the fermentation tank 100 into the deodorization pipe, and maintains a negative pressure state in the fermentation tank to prevent the odor from overflowing; a uniform air distribution plate 310, which is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank 100, and the uniform air distribution plate 310 is connected to the variable frequency blower 320 through an oxygen supply pipe; a plurality of gas collection ports, which are arranged on the uniform air distribution plate 310, and the gas collection ports are connected to the variable frequency blower 320 through gas collection pipes; the variable frequency blower 320 makes the air penetrate the heap from top to bottom by suction to supply oxygen to the sludge heap, and evenly distributes oxygen to each part of the sludge heap through the gas collection ports on the uniform air distribution plate 310 to ensure the uniformity of aerobic fermentation, and simultaneously collects the odor and water vapor, sucks the collected odor and water vapor into the deodorization pipe, and then transports them to the backend treatment device through the deodorization pipe. Preferably, the backend treatment device is a biological filter.
[0033] The negative pressure suction oxygen supply module of the present invention is divided into four independent oxygen supply areas along the length direction of the fermentation tank 100, and a variable frequency blower 320 is provided in each independent oxygen supply area. The dynamic air volume control module is combined to control the variable frequency operation of the blowers in each area to adjust the required air volume, so as to carry out zoned dynamic oxygen supply and match the oxygen demand changes in different fermentation stages. Among them, the oxygen supply areas are divided according to the different demands of the fermentation pile body in the fermentation tank 100 at different fermentation stages. The fermentation pile body includes the following fermentation stages: a heating stage with a relatively high oxygen demand and rapid oxygen supply; a high-temperature stage with the highest oxygen demand and a large amount of continuous oxygen supply; a cooling stage with a gradually decreasing oxygen demand and appropriate oxygen supply; and a composting stage with the lowest oxygen demand and a small amount of oxygen supply. Correspondingly, the oxygen supply areas include a heating area, a high-temperature area, a cooling area, and a composting area.
[0034] Refer to the attached Figure 6 As shown, it is the structural block diagram of the dynamic air volume control module 400 of the embodiment of the present invention. The dynamic air volume control module 400 of the present invention includes a data acquisition unit, which is used to collect the pile body temperature, pH value, and oxygen concentration in real time and transmit the collected data to the central controller; the data acquisition unit includes a temperature sensor embedded inside the sludge pile body, a pH probe inserted into the pile body, and an oxygen concentration monitor arranged near the uniform air distribution plate or inside the pile body; the central controller, using a PLC or an embedded control system, with an algorithm program built in, is used to receive the real-time data of the data acquisition unit, calculate the theoretical ventilation volume, and output a control signal to the frequency converter; the frequency converter is electrically connected to the variable frequency blower 320, and the frequency converter receives the control signal instruction of the central controller and adjusts the rotation speed of the variable frequency blower 320 to match the required air volume.
[0035] Refer to the attached Figure 7 As shown, it is the logic block diagram of the dynamic air volume control module 400 of the present invention. The dynamic air volume control module 400 of the present invention is based on the sludge treatment volume, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge, and the empirical coefficient. Through the formula Q 理论 = k × M 污泥 × C NH3 / 39.5 to calculate the theoretical ventilation volume and control the variable frequency operation of the variable frequency blower. Among them, Q 理论 represents the theoretical ventilation volume; k represents the empirical coefficient, which is used to correct the influence of different sludge types, treatment processes, and environmental conditions on the emission volume and is related to factors such as temperature, oxygen supply, pH value, etc.; M 污泥 represents the sludge treatment volume, with the unit of kg / h; C NH3It represents the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge, with the unit of mg / kg. The method for measuring the nitrogen and oxygen concentration in the sludge of the present invention is obtained by chemical analysis methods, including spectrophotometry or ion-selective electrode method. The spectrophotometry includes Nessler's reagent method and salicylic acid method. The empirical coefficient k is corrected in real time by a temperature sensor, a pH probe and an oxygen concentration monitor. The correction formula for the empirical coefficient k is k = k0×T / 25×O2% / 20, where k0 represents the basic coefficient, T represents the real-time temperature of the compost heap, with the unit of °C, and O2% represents the oxygen concentration. The dynamic air volume control module 400 realizes efficient oxygen supply and deodorization and optimizes the overall performance of the system by coordinating the operation of the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module and the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module: The dynamic air volume control module 400 adjusts the air volume of the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module according to the monitoring data to ensure that the oxygen supply matches the fermentation demand and the exhaust air volume matches the odor generation amount; The dynamic air volume control module 400 can also, through logical judgment, coordinate the opening and closing sequences of the mechanical air inlet 210 and the mechanical air outlet 220 to ensure the stability of the air flow circulation and the negative pressure state.
[0036] The deodorization and ventilation method of the high-efficiency deodorization and ventilation system for the sludge composting workshop of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
[0037] During the sludge composting fermentation stage, open the mechanical air inlet 210 and the mechanical air outlet 100 of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module. The external fresh air source enters the fermentation tank 100 through the air inlet pipe of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module from the mechanical air inlet 210. The odor generated during the fermentation process is discharged through the mechanical air outlet 220 of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module and is transported to the backend treatment device through the exhaust pipe;
[0038] Start the variable-frequency blower 320 of the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module. The variable-frequency blower 320 makes the air penetrate the compost heap from top to bottom through suction to supply oxygen to the fermentation tank 100, and simultaneously collects the odor and water vapor, and sucks the collected odor and water vapor into the deodorization pipe, and then transports them to the backend treatment device for treatment through the deodorization pipe.
[0039] Among them, the ventilation volume of the variable-frequency blower 320 is dynamically adjusted according to the theoretical ventilation volume calculated by the dynamic air volume control module 400, where,
[0040] The calculation formula for the theoretical ventilation volume is Q 理论 = k×M 污泥 ×C NH3 / 39.5, where Q 理论 represents the theoretical ventilation volume; k represents the empirical coefficient; M 污泥 represents the sludge treatment volume, with the unit of kg / h; C NH3 represents the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge, with the unit of mg / kg;
[0041] The correction formula for the empirical coefficient k is k = k0 × T / 25 × O2% / 20, where k0 represents the base coefficient; T represents the real-time temperature of the heap, in °C; and O2% represents the oxygen concentration.
[0042] In order to introduce the high-efficiency deodorization and ventilation system and method for the sludge composting workshop provided by the embodiments of the present invention more clearly and in detail, the following will be described in combination with specific embodiments.
[0043] Embodiment 1
[0044] As Figure 1 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the high-efficiency deodorization and ventilation system for the aerobic sludge fermentation workshop in a negative pressure state in this embodiment. The workshop includes 30 sludge fermentation tanks 100, and a displacement ventilation deodorization module and a negative pressure suction oxygen supply module are correspondingly arranged for the fermentation tanks 100. Among them, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the displacement ventilation deodorization module includes a mechanical air inlet 210 and a mechanical air outlet 220. Among them, the mechanical air inlet 210 is close to the fermentation temperature-rising stage area of the fermentation tank 100. In order to achieve efficient air supply for the fermentation heap, the lower edge of the mechanical air inlet 210 is flush with the top of the fermentation tank 100, and the number of mechanical air inlets 210 matches the fermentation tanks. The mechanical air inlet 210 adopts a long and narrow design, and each air inlet ensures "same journey" and the air volume is uniform; the mechanical air outlet 220 is arranged directly above the fermentation heap, and is distributed in a stepped manner according to the odor emission amount in different fermentation stages, with the front being dense and the back being sparse, to ensure uniform air volume; the branch pipes of the mechanical air outlet 220 are arranged in the same journey.
[0045] As Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, the negative pressure suction oxygen supply system adopts a zoning layout method. The entire fermentation area is divided into 4 areas along the length of the fermentation tank 100, corresponding to 4 different system zones, namely the temperature-rising zone, the high-temperature zone, the temperature-lowering zone, and the mature zone. A variable-frequency blower 320 is set for each zone. The bottom of the fermentation tank 100 is provided with a uniform air distribution system, including a uniform air distribution plate 310 and a plurality of air collection ports arranged on the uniform air distribution plate 310. The uniform air distribution system cooperates with the variable-frequency blower 320, and air enters the heap from the upper part through the suction of the variable-frequency blower 320. The bottom of the fermentation tank 100 is also provided with a deodorization pipe made of HDPE material. The odor and water vapor generated by fermentation enter the deodorization pipe through the suction of the variable-frequency blower 320 and are discharged to the biological filter.
[0046] In the dynamic air volume regulation module 400, the coefficient k is corrected in real time through a temperature sensor, a pH probe, and an oxygen concentration monitor, combined with the sludge treatment amount M 污泥 and the ammonia nitrogen concentration C in the sludge NH3Calculate the theoretical ventilation volume for different sludge characteristics and fermentation stages, and adjust the blower frequency according to real-time data to ensure accurate matching of the ventilation volume. The calculation formula for the theoretical ventilation volume is Q 理论 = k × M 污泥 × C NH3 / 39.5, where Q 理论 represents the theoretical ventilation volume; k represents the empirical coefficient; M 污泥 represents the sludge treatment volume, with the unit of kg / h; C NH3 represents the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge, with the unit of mg / kg; the correction formula for the empirical coefficient k is k = k0 × T / 25 × O2% / 20, where k0 represents the basic coefficient; T represents the real-time temperature of the compost pile, with the unit of °C; O2% represents the oxygen concentration.
[0047] Among them, the temperature sensor is directly embedded in the sludge compost pile to monitor the real-time temperature inside the pile; the pH probe is inserted into the sludge compost pile to measure the change in the acidity and alkalinity of the material during the fermentation process; the oxygen concentration monitor is installed inside the sludge compost pile or near the uniform air distribution plate to monitor the oxygen concentration O2% in the pile in real time.
[0048] The deodorization method of the high-efficiency deodorization and ventilation system for the sludge composting workshop provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes the following steps:
[0049] Open the mechanical air inlet 210 and the mechanical air outlet 220 of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module. The external fresh air source enters the fermentation tank 100 through the air inlet pipe from the mechanical air inlet 210, and the odor generated during the sludge composting fermentation process is discharged through the mechanical air outlet 220 and transported to the biological filter through the exhaust pipe;
[0050] Start the variable-frequency blower 320 of the negative-pressure suction oxygen supply module. The variable-frequency blower 320 makes the air penetrate the compost pile from top to bottom through the suction effect, supply oxygen to the fermentation tank 100, and simultaneously collect the odor and water vapor, and suck the collected odor and water vapor into the deodorization pipe, and then transport them to the biological filter through the deodorization pipe;
[0051] The dynamic air volume regulation module 400 collects the data of the compost pile temperature, pH value and oxygen concentration in real time, calculates the theoretical ventilation volume, and outputs a control signal to the frequency converter to adjust the rotation speed of the variable-frequency blower 320 to match the required air volume.
[0052] Through the high-efficiency deodorization and ventilation system and method for the sludge composting workshop provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the odor collection efficiency is increased by 40%, and the ammonia concentration ≤ 30mg / m 3 ; the energy consumption is reduced by 25% - 30%, and the system operation cost is significantly reduced; the air flow organization is optimized to avoid the short-circuit effect, and the workshop environment meets the occupational health standards.
[0053] Finally, it should be noted that: The present invention is not limited to the above-listed embodiments. The above are only preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention. Moreover, the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, evolutions, and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. An efficient deodorization and ventilation system for a sludge composting workshop, characterized in that, including A displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module, including a mechanical air inlet arranged at one end of the fermentation tank and a mechanical air outlet arranged at the top of the fermentation tank. The mechanical air inlet and the mechanical air outlet cooperate to form an air flow circulation and pressure difference in the fermentation tank; A negative pressure suction oxygen supply module, including a variable frequency blower arranged on the outer side of the fermentation tank. The variable frequency blower supplies oxygen to the fermentation tank through suction, sucks the odor and water vapor generated in the fermentation tank into the deodorization pipeline, and maintains a negative pressure state in the fermentation tank to prevent odor from overflowing; A dynamic air volume regulation module, electrically connected to the variable frequency blower. The dynamic air volume regulation module controls the variable frequency operation of the variable frequency blower based on the theoretical air volume calculated from the sludge treatment volume, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge and the empirical coefficient, and adjusts the required air volume.
2. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for a sludge composting workshop according to claim 1, wherein The mechanical air inlet is connected to an external air source through an air inlet pipeline, and the mechanical air outlet is connected to a backend treatment device through an exhaust pipeline. The mechanical air outlet captures and discharges the odor generated during the sludge composting fermentation process.
3. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for the sludge composting workshop according to claim 1, wherein The number of mechanical air inlets matches the number of fermentation tanks, and the lower edge of the mechanical air inlet is flush with the top of the fermentation tank.
4. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for the sludge composting workshop according to claim 1, wherein The mechanical air outlets are arranged in a stepped manner on the top of the fermentation tank along the length direction of the fermentation tank according to the odor emission amount in different fermentation stages of the stack in the fermentation tank, with the front being dense and the back being sparse.
5. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for the sludge composting workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that The negative pressure suction oxygen supply module is divided into four independent oxygen supply areas along the length direction of the fermentation tank, and a variable frequency blower is arranged in each independent oxygen supply area. Among them, the oxygen supply area includes a heating area, a high temperature area, a cooling area and a mature area.
6. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for a sludge composting workshop according to claim 1, wherein The negative pressure suction oxygen supply module also includes A uniform air distribution plate, arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank. The uniform air distribution plate is connected to the variable frequency blower through an oxygen supply pipeline; A plurality of gas collection ports, arranged on the uniform air distribution plate. The gas collection ports are connected to the variable frequency blower through a gas collection pipeline.
7. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for a sludge composting workshop according to claim 1, wherein The dynamic air volume regulation module includes A data acquisition unit, used to collect the data of the stack temperature, pH value and oxygen concentration in real time and transmit the data; A central controller, used to receive the real-time data transmitted by the data acquisition unit, calculate the theoretical air volume, and output a control signal; A frequency converter, electrically connected to the variable frequency blower. The frequency converter receives the control signal instruction of the central controller and adjusts the rotation speed of the variable frequency blower to match the required air volume.
8. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for a sludge composting workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation formula for the theoretical ventilation volume is Q 理论 = k × M 污泥 × C NH3 / 39.5, where Q 理论 represents the theoretical ventilation volume; k represents the empirical coefficient; M 污泥 represents the sludge treatment volume, with the unit of kg / h; C NH3 represents the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the sludge, with the unit of mg / kg.
9. The high-efficiency deodorizing and ventilation system for the sludge composting workshop according to claim 8, characterized in that, The empirical coefficient k is corrected in real time by the data measured by a temperature sensor, a pH probe and an oxygen concentration monitor. The correction formula of the empirical coefficient k is k = k0×T / 25×O2% / 20, where k0 represents the basic coefficient; T represents the real-time temperature of the stack, in °C; O2% represents the oxygen concentration.
10. A deodorization method for an efficient deodorization and ventilation system in a sludge composting workshop as shown in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, including the following steps: Open the mechanical air inlet and the mechanical air outlet of the displacement ventilation mechanical deodorization module. The external fresh air source enters the fermentation tank through the air inlet pipeline from the mechanical air inlet, and the odor generated during the sludge composting fermentation process is discharged through the mechanical air outlet and transported to the backend treatment device for treatment through the exhaust pipeline; Start the variable frequency blower of the negative pressure suction oxygen supply module. The variable frequency blower makes the air penetrate the stack from top to bottom through suction, supplies oxygen to the fermentation tank, and synchronously collects the odor and water vapor, and sucks the collected odor and water vapor into the deodorization pipeline, and then transports them to the backend treatment device for treatment through the deodorization pipeline; The dynamic air volume regulation module collects the data of the temperature, pH value and oxygen concentration of the heap in real time, calculates the theoretical ventilation volume, and outputs a control signal to the frequency converter to adjust the speed of the variable-frequency blower to match the required air volume.